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T H E PARTY OF LABOR OF ALBANIA IN B A T T L E W I T H M O D E R N REVISIONISM

SPEECHES A N D ARTICLES

THE

NAIM

FRASHRI TIRANA,

PUBLISHING 1972

HOUSE

ENVER

HOXHA

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of L a b o r of A l b a n i a

REJECT OF THE XX OF PARTY

THE THE

REVISIONIST OF OF THE SOVIET

THESES COMMUNIST AND THE

CONGRESS STAND

UNION

ANTI-MARXIST GROUP!

KHRUSHCHEV'S

UPHOLD

MARXISM-LENINISM

Speech

delivered

at

t h e M e e t i n g of Parties in 1960

81

Communist and Workers' M o s c o w on

N o v e m b e r 16,

INTRODUCTION In his speech delivered at the Conference of the 81 communist and workers' parties in Moscow on November 1960, Comrade Enver Hoxha made an all-round analysis of the main problems that were concerning the international communist movement and firmly upheld Marxism-Leninism. This speech is one of the most important phases of the principled fight which the Party of Labor of Albania has waged to expose modern revisionism and consolidate the unity of the international communist and workers' movement. The battle the Party of Labor of Albania has waged against the revisionist views of the Khrushchevite Soviet leadership began immediately after the XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Although this battle was not waged directly and openly at the beginning, the Party of Labor of Albania had made known all its reservations and objections to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Party of Labor of Albania tried in every way to avoid publicising its differences with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union lest that would put wea-

pons into the hands of the enemies of communism. On the other hand, it was not yet cognizant of Khrushchev's real intentions, therefore it tried to settle the differences through talks and consultations in a comradely spirit. While maintaining a principled stand, it strove and hoped to make the Soviet leaders realize their mistakes and take the right path. The real treacherous features of the Soviet revisionists became more and more evident to the Party of Labor of Albania. The more their treachery was revealed, the harsher and more irreconcilable became the battle the Party of Labor of Albania waged against Khrushchevite revisionism in order to expose and crush it completely. At the June 1960 Bucharest meeting the Party of Labor of Albania came out in the open in defense of Marxist-Leninist principles and cried Halt! to the Khrushchevite revisionists who attempted to hatch up a dangerous plot against the Communist Party of China and against the entire international communist movement. After the Bucharest meeting the Soviet revisionist leaders launched a savage attack against the Party of Labor of Albania in order to force it into line with them and their deeds. Under these conditions, the Party of Labor of Albania became more thoroughly convinced that its principled stand on all the basic issues of the international communist movement should be maintained with the utmost courage and determination. It did this at the 1960 November Conference in Moscow.

In his speech at the Conference, Comrade Enver Hoxha, openly, frankly and with Marxist-Leninist courage, submitted the principled views of the Party of Labor of Albania on the main issues of the international communist movement about which differences had arisen and sharply criticized N. Khrushchev's revisionist group, both for its erroneous anti-Marxist views and actions as well as for its brutal interference in the internal affairs of the Party of Labor of Albania and the savage attacks it had launched against it. The Party of Labor of Albania launched this absolutely principled criticism against the Soviet leaders in order to safeguard the unity of the international communist movement and the socialist camp, because unity cannot be preserved without exposing faults and alien manifestations, without condemning them forthrightly and without correcting them on Marxist-Leninist lines. At the Moscow meeting, the Khrushchevites did their utmost to refute the criticism against their revisionist views and divisive acts. Their attempt was in vain. Following the determined and principled stand of the Party of Labor of Albania on all the problems that were preoccupying the international communist movement, and after the speech of the Chinese delegation, the representatives of all the participating parties at the meeting were obliged to express their attitude one way or the other. Faced with this situation, the revisionists tried to draw the attention of the participants at the meet-

ing away from principled issues and to turn the meeting into a platform of vicious attacks against the Party of Labor of Albania and the Communist Party of China. But this attempt also met with failure. The principled, internationalist stand of the Party of Labor of Albania in defense of MarxismLeninism and the unity of the international communist movement was seconded by the Communist Party of China and by the delegations of a number of other parties. The Khrushchevite revisionists were obliged to back down. Comrade Enver Hoxha's speech was a major contribution to the successful outcome of the Moscow Conference. Thanks to the determined battle waged by the Communist Party of China, by the Party of Labor of Albania and by some other parties, the Moscow Conference approved the Declaration. Included in the Declaration were certain incorrect conclusions and erroneous theses. On these assessments and theses, the Party of Labor of Albania entertained quite contrary views which it had also expressed openly at the Conference. The delegation of the Party of Labor of Albania signed the Declaration considering its content correct in general. While making concessions on partial matters for the sake of unity, the Party of Labor of Albania made no concessions whatsoever on the main issues which were connected with the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism. The Party of Labor of Albania was of the opinion that unity in the international communist movement could be established if every party car-

ried out the Declaration in good faith, and that the differences could be settled only by observing the norms governing the relations between Marxist-Leninist parties without making public these differences to the enemies of socialism. This is why the Party of Labor of Albania refrained from publishing Comrade Enver Hoxha's speech at the Moscow Conference at that time, but persisted in carrying out the Declaration which was approved there. Comrade Enver Hoxha's speech at the Moscow Conference clearly shows that from that time onward, the Party of Labor of Albania would wage an open battle against bourgeois and revisionist ideology. Nevertheless, this battle had not yet assumed that breadth and depth which it assumed later as a logical consequence of the embitterment of the struggle between Marxism-Leninism and modern revisionism and of the degeneration of the Soviet revisionist leaders into a gang of renegades from and traitors to socialism. The whole document bears the seal of the time and circumstances under which it came to being. It is published without modification.

Dear C o m r a d e s ! This Conference of the C o m m u n i s t and W o r k ers' P a r t i e s i s o f h i s t o r i c i m p o r t a n c e t o t h e i n t e r n a tional communist movement, for it makes a detailed analysis of the international political situation, d r a w i n g up a b a l a n c e sheet of t h e successes a n d o f the m i s t a k e s t h a t m a y h a v e b e e n v e r i f i e d a l o n g o u r course, h e l p i n g u s see m o r e c l e a r l y the l i n e w e s h o u l d p u r s u e h e n c e f o r t h i n o r d e r t o score f u r t h e r successes to t h e b e n e f i t of s o c i a l i s m , c o m m u n i s m , a n d peace. T h e existence o f t h e socialist c a m p w i t h t h e Soviet U n i o n i n the l e a d i s a l r e a d y a n a c c o m p l i s h e d fact i n t h e w o r l d . T h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i n gen e r a l has b e e n e n l a r g e d , s t r e n g t h e n e d a n d t e m p e r e d . The communist a n d workers' parties throughout the w o r l d h a v e b e c o m e a colossal f o r c e to l e a d m a n k i n d f o r w a r d t o w a r d s s o c i a l i s m , t o w a r d s peace. A s t h e d r a f t - S t a t e m e n t w h i c h has b e e n p r e p a r e d emphasises, o u r socialist c a m p i s m u c h s t r o n ger t h a n t h a t o f the i m p e r i a l i s t s . S o c i a l i s m rises higher and stronger day by d a y w h i l e imperialism g r o w s w e a k e r a n d decays. W e w o u l d m a k e use o f a l l o u r m e a n s a n d e x e r t a l l o u r e f f o r t s t o speed

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u p t h i s process. T h i s w i l l come a b o u t i f w e a b i d e loyally and unwaveringly by Marxism-Leninism and a p p l y it correctly. Otherwise, we w i l l retard t h i s process, f o r w e h a v e t o cope w i t h a r u t h l e s s enemy imperialism, headed by U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m w h o m w e m u s t defeat a n d d e s t r o y . W e w a n t peace, w h i l e i m p e r i a l i s m does n o t w a n t peace a n d i s p r e p a r i n g f o r a t h i r d w o r l d w a r . We must fight w i t h a l l our might to avert a w o r l d w a r and to b r i n g about the t r i u m p h in the w o r l d o f a j u s t a n d d e m o c r a t i c peace. This w i l l come about w h e n i m p e r i a l i s m w i l l h a v e b e e n f o r c e d t o d i s a r m . I m p e r i a l i s m w i l l n o t d i s a r m o f its o w n f r e e w i l l . T o b e l i e v e a n y t h i n g o f the k i n d i s m e r e l y t o deceive oneself a n d others. T h e r e f o r e w e s h o u l d c o n f r o n t i m p e r i a l i s m w i t h t h e colossal e c o n o m i c , military, moral, political and ideological strength o f t h e socialist camp, a s w e l l a s w i t h the c o m b i n e d s t r e n g t h o f the peoples t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d . W e s h o u l d sabotage b y e v e r y m e a n s t h e w a r w h i c h the i m p e r i a l i s t s are p r e p a r i n g . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has n e i t h e r k e p t n o r w i l l i t e v e r k e e p secret f r o m its people this situation a n d threat f r o m i m p e r i a l i s m m e n a c i n g p e a c e - l o v i n g m a n k i n d . W e c a n assure y o u t h a t t h e A l b a n i a n people, w h o detest w a r , h a v e n o t b e e n a l a r m e d b y this correct a c t i o n o f t h e i r P a r t y : they h a v e n o t b e c o m e p e s s i m i s t i c n o r h a v e t h e y been m a r k i n g t i m e a s f a r a s socialist c o n s t r u c t i o n i s c o n cerned. T h e y h a v e a c l e a r v i s i o n o f t h e i r f u t u r e a n d h a v e set t o w o r k w i t h f u l l c o n f i d e n c e , b e i n g a l w a y s

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o n g u a r d , k e e p i n g t h e p i c k i n one h a n d a n d the r i f l e i n t h e other. W e h o l d the v i e w that U.S.-led i m p e r i a l i s m should be mercilessly exposed politically a n d ideologically. At no time should we permit flattery, prett i f i c a t i o n o r softness t o w a r d s i m p e r i a l i s m . N o c o n cessions o f p r i n c i p l e s h o u l d b e m a d e t o i m p e r i a l i s m . Tactics a n d c o m p r o m i s e s o n o u r p a r t s h o u l d h e l p o u r cause n o t t h a t o f the e n e m y . Facing a ruthless enemy, the guarantee f o r the t r i u m p h o f o u r c a u s e lies i n o u r c o m p l e t e u n i t y w h i c h w i l l b e s e c u r e d b y e l i m i n a t i n g t h e deep i d e o l o g i c a l d i s a g r e e m e n t s w h i c h h a v e been m a n i f e s t e d , and by basing this u n i t y on Marxist-Leninist f o u n dations, on e q u a l i t y , on b r o t h e r h o o d , on a c o m r a dely spirit a n d proletarian internationalism. O u r P a r t y i s o f the o p i n i o n that, n o t o n l y s h o u l d w e not h a v e a n y i d e o l o g i c a l divisions, but that we should maintain a unified political stand on all issues. O u r tactics a n d s t r a t e g y t o w a r d s t h e e n e m y s h o u l d b e w o r k e d out b y a l l o u r parties, based o n Marxist-Leninist principles, o n correct p o l i t i c a l c r i t e r i a c o m p l y i n g w i t h the concrete e x i s t i n g s i t u a tions. O u r socialist c a m p , h e a d e d b y t h e g l o r i o u s S o viet U n i o n , h a s become a colossal f o r c e f r o m a l l points o f v i e w , b o t h a s t o its e c o n o m i c a n d c u l t u r a l a s w e l l a s t o i t s m i l i t a r y p o t e n t i a l . A t t h e center o f the successes, at t h e c e n t e r of t h e s t r e n g t h of o u r c a m p lies t h e colossal m o r a l a n d p o l i t i c a l , e c o n o m i c , cultural, and m i l i t a r y strength of the Soviet U n i o n . T h e successes i n i n d u s t r y , a g r i c u l t u r e , e d u c a t i o n a n d

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c u l t u r e , i n science a n d i n t h e m i l i t a r y f i e l d i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n are e x c e p t i o n a l l y great. A t t h e s a m e t i m e t h e y are o f i m m e a s u r a b l e assistance t o t h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f m a j o r successes i n the o t h e r c o u n tries of t h e socialist c a m p . I t i s r i g h t l y p o i n t e d out i n t h e d r a f t - S t a t e m e n t that the great a n d i n e x h a u s t i b l e s t r e n g t h o f t h e socialist c a m p h e a d e d b y t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i s t h e decisive f a c t o r i n the t r i u m p h o f peace i n t h e world, it is the moral, political and ideological force w h i c h i n s p i r e s the peoples o f t h e w o r l d w h o a r e f i g h t i n g t o free t h e m s e l v e s f r o m the y o k e o f the b l o o d - s u k i n g colonialists, f r o m the clutches o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d c a p i t a l i s m , i t i s its f o r c e o f e x a m p l e a n d its e c o n o m i c a i d w h i c h helps a n d i n s p i r e s o t h e r peoples t o w i n the b a t t l e f o r t o t a l l i b e r a t i o n f r o m the e x p l o i t i n g capitalists. I t i s f o r t h i s m a j o r r e a s o n that t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e socialist c a m p h a v e b e c o m e the center a n d h o p e o f the peoples o f the w o r l d , t h e i r m o r a l , p o l i t i cal and economic prop, their f i r m a n d l o y a l c h a m pions against t h e t h r e a t s of the w a r m o n g e r i n g U.S., B r i t i s h , F r e n c h aggressors a n d t h e i r allies. A l l the peoples o f the w o r l d a s p i r e t o a n d f i g h t for freedom, independence, sovereignty, social j u s tice, c u l t u r e a n d peace. T h e s e sacred a s p i r a t i o n s o f t h e i r s h a v e been a n d are b e i n g t r a m p l e d u p o n b y t h e capitalists, t h e f e u d a l l o r d s a n d i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d it is n a t u r a l t h a t the s t r u g g l e of these peoples s h o u l d b e w a g e d w i t h great s e v e r i t y against t h e capitalists, f e u d a l chiefs a n d i m p e r i a l i s t s . It is also n a t u r a l f o r the peoples o f t h e w o r l d t o seek a l l i e s

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i n this b a t t l e f o r l i f e w h i c h t h e y a r e w a g i n g a g a i n s t the e x e c u t i o n e r s . I t i s o n l y t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e socialist c a m p t h a t a r e t h e i r great, p o w e r f u l a n d f a i t h f u l allies. T h e r e f o r e , i n the s t r u g g l e f o r peace, d i s a r m a ment, a n d s o c i a l p r o g r e s s i n the w o r l d , t h e socialist c a m p i s n o t alone a g a i n s t the i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p b u t i n close a l l i a n c e w i t h a l l t h e p r o g r e s s i v e people o f the w o r l d , w h i l e t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s s t a n d i s o l a t e d against the socialist c a m p . W e a r e l i v i n g a t a t i m e w h e n w e are w i t n e s s i n g the t o t a l d e s t r u c t i o n o f c o l o n i a l i s m , the e l i m i n a t i o n o f this p l a g u e t h a t w i p e d peoples f r o m t h e face o f the e a r t h . N e w states a r e s p r i n g i n g u p i n A f r i c a a n d A s i a . T h e states w h e r e c a p i t a l , t h e scourge, a n d the b u l l e t r e i g n e d s u p r e m e , a r e p u t t i n g a n e n d t o the y o k e o f bondage, a n d t h e people a r e t a k i n g t h e i r d e s t i n y i n t o t h e i r o w n h a n d s . T h i s has b e e n a c h i e v e d t h a n k s t o t h e s t r u g g l e o f these people a n d t h e m o r a l s u p p o r t g i v e n t h e m b y the S o v i e t U n i o n , P e o ple's C h i n a , a n d t h e o t h e r c o u n t r i e s o f t h e socialist camp. T r a i t o r s t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , agents o f i m perialism and intriguers like Josif Broz Tito, try i n a t h o u s a n d w a y s , b y h a t c h i n g u p d i a b o l i c schemes l i k e t h e c r e a t i o n of a t h i r d force, to m i s l e a d these people a n d the n e w l y - s e t u p states, t o d e t a c h t h e m f r o m t h e i r n a t u r a l allies, t o h i t c h t h e m u p t o U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m . W e s h o u l d e x e r t a l l o u r e f f o r t s t o defeat t h e schemes o f these l a c k e y s o f i m p e r i a lism. We are witnessing the disintegration of im-

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p e r i a l i s m , its d e c o m p o s i t i o n , its f i n a l agony. W e l i v e a n d f i g h t d u r i n g the epoch w h i c h i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y the i r r e s i s t i b l e t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s m t o s o c i a l i s m . A l l o f the b r i l l i a n t t e a c h i n g s o f K a r l M a r x and V l a d i m i r Ilich L e n i n , teachings that have never become o u t d a t e d , t h o u g h the r e v i s i o n i s t s c l a i m t h e y have, are b e i n g c o n f i r m e d i n p r a c t i c e . W o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m i s b e i n g dealt h a r d b l o w s w h i c h c l e a r l y g o t o s h o w t h a t i t i s n o l o n g e r i n its golden age, w h e n i t m a d e the l a w a s a n d w h e n i t w a n t e d . T h e i n i t i a t i v e has s l i p p e d f r o m its h a n d s a n d this i s not o n a c c o u n t o f its o w n desires. T h e initiative was not wrested f r o m it by mere words a n d discourses b u t a f t e r a l o n g process of b l o o d y battles a n d r e v o l u t i o n s w h i c h c a p i t a l i s m i t s e l f f o r ced u p o n the p r o l e t a r i a t b y the s t r e n g t h o f p e o p l e w h o w e r e r i s i n g t o s m a s h the w o r l d o f h u n g e r a n d m i s e r y , the w o r l d o f s l a v e r y . T h i s g l o r i o u s page was opened b y the G r e a t O c t o b e r S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u tion, b y the great S o v i e t U n i o n , b y great L e n i n . E v e n n o w , w h e n i t sees its a p p r o a c h i n g d o o m , w h e n i t has s t r o n g a n d d e t e r m i n e d opponents s u c h a s the socialist c a m p a n d its great a l l i a n c e w i t h a l l the peoples o f t h e w o r l d , U.S.-led w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m i s m u s t e r i n g , o r g a n i z i n g , a n d a r m i n g its assault f o r ces. I t i s p r e p a r i n g f o r w a r . H e w h o f a i l s t o see this, is b l i n d . Ho w h o sees it b u t covers it u p , is a t r a i t o r i n the s e r v i c e o f i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s o f the o p i n i o n that, i n spite o f the m a j o r d i f f i c u l t i e s w e e n c o u n t e r o n o u r w a y t o e s t a b l i s h peace i n t h e w o r l d , t o b r i n g about d i s a r m a m e n t a n d settle the other i n t e r n a t i o -

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n a l problems, there is no reason to be pessimistic. It is only our enemies w h o are losing, that are a n d s h o u l d b e pessimistic. W e h a v e w o n , w e are w i n n i n g a n d w i l l c o n t i n u e t o w i n . T h a t i s w h y w e are c o n fident that o u r efforts w i l l be c r o w n e d w i t h success. B u t we think that exaggerated, unrealistic o p t i m i s m i s n o t o n l y b a d b u t also h a r m f u l . H e w h o denies, belittles, w h o has n o f a i t h i n o u r great e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l , m i l i t a r y , m o r a l s t r e n g t h is a d e f e a tist a n d does n o t d e s e r v e to be c a l l e d a c o m m u n i s t . O n the o t h e r h a n d , h e w h o , i n t o x i c a t e d b y o u r p o t e n t i a l , d i s r e g a r d s t h e s t r e n g t h of the opponents, t h i n k i n g t h a t t h e e n e m y has lost a l l hope, has b e come harmless, a n d is entirely at our mercy, he is n o t a realist. H e b l u f f s , l u l l s m a n k i n d t o sleep b e f o r e a l l these c o m p l i c a t e d a n d v e r y d a n g e r o u s s i t u a t i o n s w h i c h d e m a n d v e r y great v i g i l a n c e f r o m u s a l l , w h i c h d e m a n d the h e i g h t e n i n g o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y d r i v e o f t h e masses, n o t its s l a c k e n i n g , its disintegration, decomposition a n d relaxation. W a ters sleep, b u t n o t t h e e n e m y is a w i s e s a y i n g of o u r l o n g - s u f f e r i n g people. L e t u s l o o k facts s t r a i g h t i n the eye. W o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m h e a d e d b y its aggressive d e t a c h m e n t , U.S. imperialism, is directing the course of its economy towards preparations for w a r . It is a r m i n g itself to the teeth. U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m i s r e a r m i n g B o n n ' s G e r m a n y , J a p a n , a n d a l l its allies a n d satellites w i t h a l l k i n d s o f w e a p o n s . I t has set u p a n d p e r f e c t e d a g gressive m i l i t a r y o r g a n i z a t i o n s , i t has e s t a b l i s h e d a n d c o n t i n u e s t o e s t a b l i s h m i l i t a r y bases a l l a r o u n d

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the socialist c a m p . I t i s a c c u m u l a t i n g stocks o f n u c l e a r w e a p o n s a n d refuses t o d i s a r m , t o stop testing nuclear weapons, a n d is feverishly engaged i n i n v e n t i n g n e w m e a n s o f mass e x t e r m i n a t i o n . W h y is it doing all this? To go to a w e d d i n g p a r t y ? N o , t o g o t o w a r against us, t o d o a w a y w i t h s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m , t o p u t t h e peoples u n d e r bondage. The P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a is of the opinion that i f w e say a n d t h i n k o t h e r w i s e w e w i l l b e d e c e i v i n g ourselves a n d o t h e r s . W e w o u l d n o t b e c a l l e d c o m m u n i s t s i f w e w e r e a f r a i d o f the v i c i s s i t u d e s o f life. W e , c o m m u n i s t s , detest w a r . W e , c o m m u nists, w i l l f i g h t t o t h e e n d t o s m a s h the d i a b o l i c a n d w a r m o n g e r i n g schemes t h e U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s a r e u p to, b u t i f t h e y l a u n c h a w a r , w e s h o u l d d e a l them a m o r t a l b l o w that w i l l w i p e i m p e r i a l i s m f r o m the face o f the e a r t h once a n d f o r a l l . Faced w i t h the nuclear blackmail of the U.S.-led w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s t s , w e s h o u l d b e f u l l y prepared economically, politically, m o r a l l y as w e l l a s m i l i t a r i l y t o cope w i t h a n y e v e n t u a l i t y . We should prevent a w o r l d w a r ; it is not f a tally unavoidable. B u t no one w i l l pardon us if we l i v e i n a d r e a m a n d let t h e e n e m y c a t c h u s u n a wares, f o r i t has n e v e r h a p p e n e d t h a t t h e e n e m y is to be trusted, otherwise, he w o u l d not be called an enemy. The e n e m y is and remains an enemy a n d a p e r f i d i o u s one a t that. H e w h o p u t s h i s t r u s t i n t h e e n e m y w i l l sooner o r l a t e r lose his case. We should do everything, strive w i t h all our means, i n o r d e r t o p r e v e n t w a r . T h e p o l i c y o f t h e

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S o v i e t U n i o n a n d o f o u r socialist c a m p has been a n d r e m a i n s a p o l i c y o f peace. A l l the S o v i e t p r o p o s a l s a n d those o f the G o v e r n m e n t s o f o u r c o u n t r i e s o f the P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y m a d e i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a have a i m e d at easing tension among nations, at s o l v i n g u n s e t t l e d issues t h r o u g h n e g o t i a t i o n s a n d not t h r o u g h w a r . T h e p e a c e f u l p o l i c y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d o f the c o u n t r i e s of the socialist c a m p has e x e r t e d a m a j o r i n f l u e n c e i n e x p o s i n g the aggressive i n t e n tions o f i m p e r i a l i s m , in mobilizing the people against t h e w a r m o n g e r s , i n p r o m o t i n g t h e i r g l o r ious s t r u g g l e against the i m p e r i a l i s t oppressors a n d t h e i r tools. T h e e x a m p l e s o f h e r o i c C u b a , t h e s t r u g gle o f the J a p a n e s e p e o p l e a n d t h e e v e n t s i n S o u t h K o r e a a n d T u r k e y are the best p r o o f o f this. B u t , i n spite o f a l l this, m a n y concrete p r o b l e m s that lie o n t h e table, l i k e t h e p r o p o s a l s f o r d i s a r m a m e n t , t h e s u m m i t conference, etc., h a v e n o t yet b e e n r e s o l v e d a n d are b e i n g s y s t e m a t i c a l l y s a b o t a ged by t h e U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s . ( 1 ) W h a t conclusions should we d r a w f r o m all t h i s ? T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t h i n k s that i m p e r i a l i s m a n d , f i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t , U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , has n o t c h a n g e d its s k i n , c o l o r o r n a t u r e . I t i s a g gressive a n d w i l l r e m a i n aggressive a s l o n g a s i t has a s i n g l e t o o t h l e f t i n its m o u t h . A n d b e i n g o f a n a g g r e s s i v e n a t u r e , i t m a y p l u n g e the w o r l d i n t o a w a r . T h e r e f o r e , a s w e e m p h a s i z e d a t the m e e t i n g o f the E d i t o r i a l C o m m i t t e e , w e i n s i s t t h a t i t s h o u l d b e b r o u g h t h o m e c l e a r l y t o a l l the peoples that, t h e r e i s n o a b s o l u t e g u a r a n t e e against w o r l d w a r

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u n t i l s o c i a l i s m has t r i u m p h e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d , o r a t least i n t h e m a j o r i t y o f c o u n t r i e s . T h e U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s m a k e n o secret o f t h e i r r e f u s a l t o d i sarm. They are increasing their armaments, preparing for the war, therefore we should be on o u r guard. W e s h o u l d m a k e n o concessions o f p r i n c i p l e t o the e n e m y , w e s h o u l d e n t e r t a i n n o i l l u s i o n s a b o u t i m p e r i a l i s m because, despite o u r g o o d i n t e n t i o n s w e would make things worse. In addition to rearming a n d p r e p a r i n g w a r against us, t h e e n e m y i s l a u n c h ing an unbridled propaganda to poison the spirit a n d b e n u m b the m i n d s o f t h e people. T h e y s p e n d m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s t o r e c r u i t agents a n d spies, m i l lions o f d o l l a r s t o o r g a n i z e acts o f espionage, d i v e r sion and of outrage in our countries. U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m has g i v e n a n d i s g i v i n g b i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s t o its l o y a l agents, the t r e a c h e r o u s T i t o g a n g . It does a l l this w i t h a v i e w t o w e a k e n i n g o u r i n t e r n a l f r o n t , to sowing dissention, to w a k e n i n g and d i s o r g a n i z i n g o u r rearareas. A l o t is s a i d a b o u t p e a c e f u l coexistence, s o m e e v e n go so f a r as to assert s u c h a b s u r d i t i e s as t h a t P e o p l e ' s C h i n a a n d A l b a n i a a r e a l l e g e d l y opposed t o p e a c e f u l coexistence. O b v i o u s l y , s u c h h a r m f u l a n d e r r o n e o u s v i e w s s h o u l d b e r e j e c t e d once a n d f o r a l l . T h e r e c a n b e n o socialist state, t h e r e c a n b e n o c o m m u n i s t w h o i s o p p o s e d t o p e a c e f u l coexistence, w h o i s a w a r m o n g e r . G r e a t L e n i n w a s t h e first to put f o r w a r d the principle of peaceful coexistence a m o n g states of d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l orders as an o b j e c t i v e necessity as l o n g as socialist a n d c a p i t a l i s t

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states e x i s t side b y side i n t h e w o r l d . S t a n d i n g l o y a l t o this g r e a t p r i n c i p l e o f L e n i n ' s , o u r P a r t y o f L a b o r has a l w a y s h e l d a n d s t i l l h o l d s t h a t the p o l i c y o f p e a c e f u l coexistence r e s p o n d s t o t h e v i t a l i n t e r e s t s o f a l l t h e peoples, r e s p o n d s t o t h e p u r p o s e o f the f u r ther consolidation of the positions of socialism, therefore, this p r i n c i p l e o f L e n i n ' s i s the basis o f the e n t i r e f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f o u r people's S t a t e . P e a c e f u l coexistence between two opposing s y s t e m s does n o t i m p l y , a s the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s c l a i m , t h a t w e s h o u l d g i v e u p t h e class s t r u g g l e . O n t h e c o n t r a r y , the class s t r u g g l e m u s t c o n t i n u e ; the p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m perialism, against bourgeois and revisionist ideology, s h o u l d b e c o m e e v e r m o r e i n t e n s e . I n o u r p e r sistent s t r u g g l e t o e s t a b l i s h L e n i n i s t p e a c e f u l coex i s t e n c e w h i l e m a k i n g n o concessions o f p r i n c i p l e t o i m p e r i a l i s m , w e s h o u l d f u r t h e r p r o m o t e the class s t r u g g l e i n c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a s w e l l a s the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f the people o f c o l o n i a l and dependent countries. In our view, the communist and w o r k e r s parties i n the c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s s h o u l d s t r i v e t o e s t a b l i s h p e a c e f u l coexistence b e t w e e n t h e i r c o u n t r i e s w h i c h a r e s t i l l u n d e r t h e c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m a n d o u r socialist c o u n t r i e s . T h i s s t r e n g t h e n s t h e p o s i t i o n s o f peace a n d w e a k e n s t h e p o s i t i o n s o f c a p i t a l i s m i n those c o u n t r i e s a n d , i n g e n e r a l , h e l p s the class s t r u g g l e i n those c o u n t r i e s . B u t t h e i r task does n o t e n d there. I n these c o u n t r i e s , i t i s necessary t o p r o m o t e , i n t e n s i f y a n d s t r e n g t h e n t h e class s t r u g g l e . T h e l a b o r i n g masses, g u i d e d b y t h e l o c a l p r o l e t a r i a t h e a d e d b y

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the communist party and in alliance w i t h a l l the proletariat of the w o r l d , should m a k e life impossible for imperialism, should crush its fighting a n d e c o n o m i c p o t e n t i a l , s h o u l d w r e s t f r o m its h a n d s its economic a n d political power and proceed to the destruction of the o l d power and the establishment o f the n e w p o w e r o f t h e people. W i l l t h e y d o t h i s b y violence o r b y the p e a c e f u l p a r l i a m e n t a r y r o a d ? T h i s q u e s t i o n has b e e n c l e a r a n d i t w a s not necessary f o r C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v t o confuse i t i n the 20th Congress, a n d d o s o i n s u c h a w a y a s t o please the o p p o r t u n i s t s . W h y w a s i t necessary t o resort to so m a n y p a r o d i e s of L e n i n ' s c l e a r theses a n d the O c t o b e r S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u t i o n ? T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s q u i t e c l e a r a b o u t a n d does not shift f r o m L e n i n ' s teachings o n t h i s m a t t e r . S o far, n o people, n o p r o l e t a r i a t a n d n o c o m m u n i s t o r w o r k e r s ' p a r t y has a s s u m e d p o w e r w i t h o u t b l o o d s h e d a n d w i t h o u t violence. I t i s i n c o r r e c t f o r some c o m r a d e s t o c l a i m t h a t t h e y assumed p o w e r w i t h o u t b l o o d s h e d , f o r t h e y forget t h a t the g l o r i o u s S o v i e t A r m y shed s t r e a m s o f b l o o d f o r t h e m d u r i n g the S e c o n d W o r l d W a r . O u r P a r t y t h i n k s that, i n this m a t t e r , w e s h o u l d be prepared and prepared w e l l for both eventualities, especially, f o r t a k i n g p o w e r b y violence, f o r i f w e are w e l l p r e p a r e d f o r t h i s e v e n t u a l i t y , the o t h e r e v e n t u a l i t y has m o r e chance o f success. T h e b o u r geoisie m a y a l l o w y o u t o s i n g psalms, b u t t h e n it deals y o u a fascist b l o w to the h e a d a n d crushes y o u because y o u h a v e n o t t r a i n e d the necessary cadres t o attack, n o r done i l l e g a l w o r k , y o u h a v e

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not p r e p a r e d a p l a c e w h e r e y o u c a n be p r o t e c t e d a n d s t i l l w o r k , n o r the m e a n s w i t h w h i c h t o f i g h t . We should forestall this tragic eventuality. The P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a is and w i l l be f o r peace a n d p e a c e f u l coexistence a n d w i l l f i g h t for them in the Marxist-Leninist way, as L e n i n t a u g h t us, a n d o n t h e basis o f t h e M o s c o w P e a c e M a n i f e s t . I t has been, i s a n d w i l l b e s t r i v i n g a c t i v e l y f o r g e n e r a l d i s a r m a m e n t . O n n o occasion a n d n o t e v e n f o r a m o m e n t w i l l the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a cease t o w a g e a p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t the a c t i v i t i e s o f the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d c a p i t a l i s t s a n d against b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y , i t w i l l not cease t o w a g e a b i t t e r , u n i n t e r r u p t e d a n d u n c o m p r o m i s i n g b a t t l e against m o d e r n revisionism and, particularly, against Y u g o s l a v Titoite r e v i sionism. There m a y be comrades w h o reproach us A l b a n i a n s , w i t h b e i n g s t u b b o r n , h o t - b l o o d e d , sect a r i a n , d o g m a t i c a n d w h a t not, b u t w e reject a l l these false accusations a n d t e l l t h e m t h a t w e d o n o t d e v i a t e f r o m these positions, f o r t h e y a r e M a r x i s t Leninist positions. T h e y s a y t h a t w e are i n f a v o r o f w a r a n d a g a i n s t coexistence. C o m r a d e K o z l o v h a s e v e n p u t t o us, A l b a n i a n s , these a l t e r n a t i v e s : e i t h e r c o e x i s t e n ce, a s h e conceives it, o r a n a t o m i c b o m b f r o m the imperialists, w h i c h w i l l t u r n A l b a n i a into a heap o f ashes a n d l e a v e n o A l b a n i a n a l i v e . U n t i l n o w , n o r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m has m a d e s u c h a n a t o m i c t h r e a t against t h e A l b a n i a n people. B u t here i t i s a n d f r o m a m e m b e r o f t h e P r e s i d i u m o f

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the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the Soviet U n i o n a n d to w h o m ? To a small heroic c o u n t r y , t o a people w h o h a v e f o u g h t , t h r o u g h c e n turies, against savage a n d i n n u m e r a b l e e n e m i e s a n d w h o h a v e n e v e r b e n t t h e knee, t o a s m a l l c o u n t r y a n d t o a people w h o h a v e f o u g h t w i t h u n p r e c e d e n ted h e r o i s m against the H i t l e r i t e s a n d I t a l i a n f a s cists, to a people w h o a r e b o u n d l i k e f l e s h to bone t o the g l o r i o u s S o v i e t U n i o n , t o a p a r t y w h i c h a b i des l o y a l l y , c o n s i s t e n t l y a n d t o t h e last b y M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m a n d b y the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o viet U n i o n . B u t comrade F r o l Koslov, y o u have m a d e a m i s t a k e i n t h e address, y o u c a n n o t f r i g h t e n us into yielding to your w r o n g l y calculated wishes a n d w e n e v e r c o n f o u n d the g l o r i o u s P a r t y o f L e n i n w i t h y o u w h o b e h a v e s o b a d l y , w i t h s u c h shamelessness, t o w a r d s the A l b a n i a n people a n d t o w a r d s t h e P a r t y of Labor of Albania. The P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a w i l l s t r i v e f o r a n d s u p p o r t a l l t h e correct a n d p e a c e f u l p r o p o s a l s o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d other c o u n t r i e s of the socialist c a m p as w e l l as of the o t h e r p e a c e - l o v i n g countries. The Party of Labor of A l b a n i a w i l l exert all its efforts, use a l l its p r e r o g a t i v e s a n d o b l i g a t i o n s to s t r e n g t h e n the u n i t y of the socialist camp, a M a r xist-Leninist unity. It is absurd to t h i n k that little socialist A l b a n i a m a y d e t a c h itself a n d l i v e a p a r t f r o m the socialist c a m p , a p a r t f r o m o u r f r a t e r n i t y of socialist peoples. A l b a n i a is i n d e b t e d to no one f o r its presence w i t h i n the r a n k s o f t h e socialist c a m p ; the A l b a n i a n people t h e m s e l v e s a n d the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a have placed it there w i t h

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t h e i r b l o o d a n d sweat, t h e i r w o r k , t h e i r sacrifices, w i t h their system of government and through the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e t h e y p u r s u e . B u t let n o one e v e r t h i n k that, because A l b a n i a i s a s m a l l c o u n t r y , because the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s a s m a l l p a r t y i t s h o u l d d o w h a t some one else s a y w h e n i t i s c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h a t someone i s m i s t a k e n . As I said earlier, the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a t h i n k s that, o u r socialist c a m p , w h i c h has the one aim, w h i c h is guided by Marxism-Leninism, should also h a v e its o w n s t r a t e g y a n d tactics a n d these s h o u l d b e w o r k e d out together b y o u r p a r t i e s a n d states o f t h e socialist c a m p . W i t h i n t h e r a n k s o f o u r c a m p w e h a v e set u p c e r t a i n f o r m s o f o r g a n i z a t i o n o f w o r k , b u t the t r u t h is, t h a t these h a v e r e m a i n e d s o m e w h a t f o r m a l , o r t o p u t i t better, t h e y d o n o t f u n c t i o n i n a c o l l e c t i v e w a y , f o r instance, the organs o f the W a r s a w T r e a t y a n d o f the C o u n c i l of M u t u a l Economic A i d . Let me make it quite clear. T h i s is n o t a q u e s t i o n of w h e t h e r we too, s h o u l d b e c o n s u l t e d o r n o t . O f course, n o one denies u s the r i g h t t o b e c o n s u l t e d , b u t w e s h o u l d h o l d m e e t i n g s f o r c o n s u l t a t i o n . W e r a i s e this p r o b l e m o n p r i n c i p l e a n d s a y t h a t these f o r m s o f o r g a n i z a tion should function at regular intervals, problems s h o u l d b e t a k e n u p f o r discussion, decisions s h o u l d b e a d o p t e d a n d t h e r e s h o u l d b e a check u p o n the i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of these decisions. The development and further strengthening of the e c o n o m i e s o f o u r socialist c o u n t r i e s h a v e been and always are the m a i n concern of our Parties and G o v e r n m e n t s a n d constitutes one o f t h e d e c i s i v e

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factors o f the u n c o n q u e r a b l e s t r e n g t h o f t h e s o c i a list camp. The construction of socialism and c o m m u n i s m is proceeding at a r a p i d rate in o u r countries. T h i s is d u e to the great e f f o r t s of o u r peoples a n d to t h e r e c i p r o c a l a i d t h e y r e n d e r one a n o t h e r . A r o l e o f m a j o r i m p o r t a n c e i n this d i r e c t i o n has b e e n a n d i s b e i n g p l a y e d b y t h e c o o r d i n a t i o n o f the p l a n s o f our countries a n d by the C o u n c i l of M u t u a l Economic A i d . S o f a r , t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a has g i v e n e c o n o m i c a i d t o n o one, f i r s t because w e are poor, a n d , second, because n o one stands i n need o f o u r e c o n o m i c a i d . B u t w i t h i n correct n o r m s w e h a v e m a d e a n d are m a k i n g e v e r y e f f o r t t o h e l p the countries w h i c h are our friends and brothers to some e x t e n t t h r o u g h o u r e x p o r t s . W e h a v e been a i d e d b y o u r f r i e n d s , f i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y the S o viet U n i o n . W e h a v e been h e l p e d b y credits a n d specialists w i t h o u t w h i c h i t w o u l d h a v e b e e n v e r y difficult for our country and our economy to dev e l o p a t the r a t e t h e y h a v e d e v e l o p e d . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r a n d the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a h a v e u t i l i z e d t h i s g e n e r o u s a i d o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d o f the o t h e r c o u n t r i e s o f P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y a s w e l l a s t h e y c o u l d t o t h e best a d v a n t a g e o f o u r people. O u r people a r e f o r e v e r g r a t e f u l t o the S o v i e t people, t o t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t , to the people, p a r t i e s a n d g o v e r n m e n t s of t h e countries of People's Democracy for this aid. We h a v e considered, consider, a n d w i l l c o n s i d e r t h i s

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a i d n o t as c h a r i t y b u t as a f r a t e r n a l , i n t e r n a t i o nalist aid. O u r people w h o h a v e b e e n i n d i r e p o v e r t y , who have fought w i t h heroism, w h o have been m u r d e r e d a n d b u r n t out, f e l l i t t h e i r d u t y t o seek the a i d o f t h e i r f r i e n d s a n d b r o t h e r s b i g g e r a n d e c o n o m i c a l l y b e t t e r o f f t h a n they. A n d i t w a s a n d s t i l l i s the i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t d u t y o f t h e i r f r i e n d s t o g i v e t h i s a i d . T h e r e f o r e , i t i s necessary t o reject a n y s i n i s t e r a n d a n t i - M a r x i s t v i e w t h a t a n y one m a y h o l d a b o u t the n a t u r e a n d p u r p o s e o f this a i d . T h e e c o n o m i c pressures o n t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , on the A l b a n i a n Government, and on our people w i l l n e v e r b e o f a n y a v a i l . I w i s h to p r o p o s e h e r e t h a t t h e a i d of t h e economically stronger to the economically w e a k e r c o u n t r i e s , as is t h e case of o u r people, s h o u l d be g r e a t e r . T h e A l b a n i a n people d o not, i n a n y w a y , i n t e n d t o f o l d t h e i r a r m s a n d open t h e i r m o u t h s t o b e f e d b y others. T h a t i s n o t t h e i r h a b i t . N o r d o o u r people e x p e c t t h e s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g i n o u r c o u n t r y to be r a i s e d at o n c e to the s t a n d a r d of l i v i n g in m a n y other countries of People's D e m o cracy, b u t g r e a t e r a i d s h o u l d b e g i v e n o u r c o u n t r y t o f u r t h e r d e v e l o p its p r o d u c t i v e forces. W e t h i n k t h a t the e c o n o m i c a l l y s t r o n g e r c o u n t r i e s o f the s o cialist c a m p s h o u l d a c c o r d c r e d i t s also t o n e u t r a l c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d t o peoples r e c e n t l y l i b e r a t e d f r o m c o l o n i a l i s m , p r o v i d e d t h e leaders o f these c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a r e opposed t o i m p e r i a l i s m , s u p p o r t t h e p e a c e f u l p o l i c y o f t h e socialist c a m p a n d d o n o t h i n d e r o r o p p o s e the l e g i t i m a t e

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s t r u g g l e o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y forces, b u t f i r s t o f a l l , the needs of the c o u n t r i e s of the socialist c a m p should be looked into more carefully and be f u l f i l l e d . O f course, I n d i a stands i n n e e d o f i r o n a n d steel b u t socialist A l b a n i a stands i n m o r e u r g e n t need o f t h e m , E g y p t s t a n d s i n n e e d o f i r r i g a t i o n a n d e l e c t r i c p o w e r b u t socialist A l b a n i a stands i n more urgent need of them. O n m a n y p o l i t i c a l issues o f f i r s t r a t e i m p o r tance, o u r socialist c a m p has h e l d a n d h o l d s i d e n t i c a l v i e w s . B u t , since c o l l e c t i v e c o n s u l t a t i o n s h a v e n o t become a r e g u l a r h a b i t , on m a n y occasions it has been n o t e d t h a t states f r o m o u r socialist c a m p t a k e p o l i t i c a l i n i t i a t i v e s , n o t t h a t w e are opposed i n p r i n c i p l e t o t a k i n g i n i t i a t i v e s , b u t these i n i t i a t i ves v e r y often affect o t h e r states of t h e socialist c a m p a s w e l l . S o m e o f these i n i t i a t i v e s are n o t c o r rect, e s p e c i a l l y w h e n t h e y s h o u l d b e t a k e n collect i v e l y b y the m e m b e r s o f t h e W a r s a w T r e a t y . A n initiative o f this k i n d i s that o f the B u l g a rian Government which, w i t h total disregard for A l b a n i a , i n f o r m e d the G r e e k G o v e r n m e n t t h a t the B a l k a n c o u n t r i e s of P e o p l e ' s Democracy agree to disarm if the G r e e k G o v e r n m e n t is prepared to do so. F r o m o u r p o i n t o f v i e w , t h i s i n i t i a t i v e w a s a n e r r o n e o u s one, for, e v e n i f the G r e e k G o v e r n m e n t h a d e n d o r s e d it, the A l b a n i a n G o v e r n m e n t w o u l d n o t h a v e accepted it. A l b a n i a i s i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h the Soviet proposal made by N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v in M a y , 1959 (2), b u t n o t w i t h t h e B u l g a r i a n p r o p o s a l w h i c h intends to disarm the B a l k a n countries and l e a v e I t a l y u n a f f e c t e d . O r h a v e the B u l g a r i a n c o m -

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rades f o r g o t t e n t h a t b o u r g e o i s a n d fascist I t a l y has attacked A l b a n i a a n u m b e r of times d u r i n g this century? O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , c a n the B u l g a r i a n c o m r a des, w i t h o u t c o n s u l t i n g a t a l l the A l b a n i a n G o v e r n m e n t w i t h w h i c h t h e y are b o u n d b y a d e f e n s i v e treaty, be a l l o w e d to propose a t r e a t y of f r i e n d s h i p a n d n o n - a g g r e s s i o n t o the G r e e k G o v e r n m e n t at a t i m e w h e n G r e e c e m a i n t a i n s a s t a te of w a r w i t h Albania and makes territorial c l a i m s a g a i n s t o u r c o u n t r y ? It seems to us, t h a t is d a n g e r o u s t o t a k e s u c h u n i l a t e r a l actions. F r o m this correct a n d l e g i t i m a t e o p p o s i t i o n o f ours, p e r haps the B u l g a r i a n c o m r a d e s m a y h a v e a r r i v e d a t the c o n c l u s i o n t h a t w e , A l b a n i a n s , d o n o t p r o p e r l y u n d e r s t a n d coexistence, t h a t w e w a n t w a r , a n d s o forth. These views are erroneous. S i m i l a r gestures h a v e b e e n m a d e also b y t h e Polish comrades at the U n i t e d Nations, w h e n comrad e G o m u l k o s t a t e d i n a n u n i t e r a l w a y a t the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y of the U n i t e d Nations Organization, that P o l a n d proposes t o p r e s e r v e the s t a t u s q u o o n the s t a t i o n i n g o f m i l i t a r y forces i n t h e w o r l d a n d , c o n cretely, t h a t n o m o r e m i l i t a r y bases s h o u l d b e c r e a ted, t h a t those t h a t h a v e b e e n set u p a l r e a d y s h o u l d remain, that no more missiles should be installed but the e x i s t i n g ones s h o u l d r e m a i n , t h a t those States that h a v e t h e secret o f t h e a t o m i c b o m b s h o u l d k e e p i t a n d n o t g i v e i t t o o t h e r States. I n o u r o p i n i o n s u c h a p r o p o s a l is c o n t r a r y to t h e i n t e r e s t s of o u r camp. No more missiles to be installed, but b y w h o m a n d w h e r e ? A l l the N A T O allies including

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Italy, West G e r m a n y a n d G r e e c e h a v e b e e n e q u i p ped w i t h missiles. N o t to g i v e the secret of the atomic bomb, to w h o m ? B r i t a i n , France and West G e r m a n y h a v e it. It is clear that a p r o p o s a l of this k i n d w i l l o b l i g e us, the c o u n t r i e s o f P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y n o t t o i n s t a l l missiles, o r a n y o t h e r c o u n t r y o f the socialist c a m p except t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , not to h a v e the a t o m i c b o m b . W e pose the q u e s t i o n , w h y s h o u l d C o m m u n i s t C h i n a not h a v e t h e a t o m i c b o m b ? W e t h i n k t h a t C h i n a s h o u l d h a v e i t a n d w h e n she has t h e b o m b a n d missiles, t h e n w e w i l l see i n w h a t t e r m s U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m w i l l speak, w e w i l l see w h e t h e r t h e y w i l l c o n t i n u e t o d e n y C h i n a h e r r i g h t s i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a , w e w i l l see w h e t h e r t h e U . S . i m p e rialists w i l l dare b r a n d i s h t h e i r w e a p o n s a s t h e y do at present. S o m e one m a y pose the q u e s t i o n : w i l l C h i n a win h e r r i g h t s o v e r the U n i t e d States of A m e r i c a , b y possessing a n d d r o p p i n g t h e b o m b ? N o , n e i t h e r C h i n a n o r the S o v i e t U n i o n w i l l e v e r use the b o m b unless t h e y are a t t a c k e d b y those w h o h a v e aggression a n d w a r i n t h e i r v e r y b l o o d . I f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n d i d not possess the b o m b , the i m p e r i a l i s t s w o u l d speak i n o t h e r t e r m s w i t h us. W e w i l l n e v e r attack w i t h the b o m b , w e are o p p o s e d t o w a r , w e are r e a d y t o d e s t r o y t h e b o m b b u t w e k e e p i t f o r d e f e n s i v e purposes. It i s f e a r t h a t g u a r d s the v i neyard, is a s a y i n g of o u r people. T h e i m p e r i a l i s t s s h o u l d b e a f r a i d o f u s a n d t e r r i b l y a f r a i d a t that. cow B a s e d o n M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d o n the M o s D e c l a r a t i o n a n d S t a t e m e n t on peace (3), t h e

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P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has p u r s u e d a correct Marxist-Leninist line in matters of international p o l i c y a n d i n the i m p o r t a n t p r o b l e m s o f socialist c o n s t r u c t i o n . I n i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s , the l i n e o f o u r P a r t y has b e e n i n a c c o r d w i t h the p o l i c y o f the socialist c a m p a n d has f o l l o w e d t h e d i r e c t i o n o f the p e a c e f u l p o l i c y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has c o n s i d e r e d , considers, a n d w i l l c o n s i d e r the S o v i e t U n i o n a s the s a v i o r o f o u r people, a n d i t s g r e a t e x p e r i e n c e as universal, v e r y necessary a n d indispensable to a l l . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has f o l l o w e d , implemented, and adopted this great experience u n r e s e r v e d l y i n a l l f i e l d s a n d has scored successes. W e h a v e scored successes i n s e t t i n g u p a n d s t r e n g thening our industry, in collectivizing agriculture, i n d e v e l o p i n g e d u c a t i o n a n d c u l t u r e w h i c h has made great progress, i n b u i l d i n g o u r state a n d o u r P a r t y . O u r P a r t y has n o w g a i n e d m a t u r i t y a n d a rich experience in w o r k in this direction. O u r P a r t y h a s e d u c a t e d , educates, a n d w i l l c o n t i n u e t o e d u c a t e o u r people w i t h a g r e a t l o v e a n d l o y a l t y t o w a r d s the peoples a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h i s l o v e has been t e m p e r e d a n d w i l l b e t e m p e r e d e a c h p a s s i n g day, for i t i s k n e a d e d w i t h b l o o d , f o r i t has d e v e l o p e d o n the basis o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m . W e h a v e l o v e d , a n d s t i l l l o v e the S o v i e t people f r o m t h e b o t t o m o f o u r h e a r t s a n d the S o v i e t people, o n t h e i r p a r t , h a v e l o v e d a n d love t h e people a n d t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i n the s a m e w a y . T h i s i s f r i e n d s h i p b e t w e e n peoples,

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friendship between M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties and, therefore, i t w i l l f l o u r i s h t h r o u g h the ages a n d w i l l n e v e r die. T h i s is the u n s h a k a b l e c o n v i c t i o n of t h e A l b a n i a n communists, a conviction they have deeply implanted a n d w i l l continue to i m p l a n t among our people. W e h a v e s a i d a n d w e i t repeat n o w that, w i t h o u t this f r i e n d s h i p , t h e r e c o u l d n o t h a v e been f r e e d o m f o r o u r people. T h i s i s t h e f r u i t o f L e ninism. T h e m a j o r p r o b l e m s o f the t i m e h a v e p r e o c cupied the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a a n d our people. O u r P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c has been a n d i s s u r r o u n d e d g e o g r a p h i c a l l y b y c a p i t a l i s t states a n d the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s . W e h a v e h a d t o b e h i g h l y v i g i l a n t a n d tie d o w n p e o p l e a n d c o n s i d e r a b l e f u n d s t o d e f e n d o u r b o r d e r s , t o d e f e n d the f r e e d o m a n d s o v e r e i g n t y o f o u r c o u n t r y f r o m the i n n u m e r a b l e a t t e m p t s o f the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e i r s a t e l lites a n d l a c k e y s . We are a s m a l l c o u n t r y a n d a s m a l l p e o p l e w h o h a v e s u f f e r e d t o a n e x t r a o r d i n a r y degree b u t w h o h a v e also f o u g h t v e r y h a r d . W e are n o t i n debted t o a n y one f o r the f r e e d o m w e e n j o y t o d a y , for we have w o n it w i t h o u r o w n blood. We are continually aware, day and night of our imperialist enemies, of t h e i r m a n e u v e r s a g a i n s t t h e socialist camp and our country in particular, therefore we have never had nor w i l l ever entertain illusions about their changing their nature a n d their i n t e n tions t o w a r d s o u r peoples, o u r c a m p , a n d t o w a r d s socialist A l b a n i a i n p a r t i c u l a r . O u r P a r t y has been a n d i s f o r peace, a n d w i l l f i g h t u n c e a s i n g l y , b y

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the side o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f P e o p l e ' s C h i n a , o f the o t h e r c o u n t r i e s o f t h e socialist c a m p a n d o f a l l t h e p r o g r e s s i v e peoples o f t h e w o r l d , t o d e f e n d peace. F o r t h i s s a c r e d p u r p o s e t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a and our Government have supported with a l l their strength the peaceful policy of the Communist P a r t y and Government of the Soviet U n i o n a n d o f a l l t h e c o u n t r i e s o f t h e socialist camp. O n e v e r y issue a n d o n e v e r y proposal w e have been in solidarity w i t h them. T h e U.S. a n d B r i t i s h i m p e r i a l i s t s h a v e accused u s A l b a n i a n s o f b e i n g savage a n d w a r l i k e . T h i s is understandable, for the A l b a n i a n people have dealt t e l l i n g b l o w s a t t h e i r r e p e a t e d a t t e m p t s t o put u s u n d e r b o n d a g e a n d h a v e s m a s h e d t h e heads o f t h e i r agents w h o c o n s p i r e d a g a i n s t t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d o u r r e g i m e o f people's democracy. Tito's gang, that of the G r e e k monarcho-fascist c h a u v i n i s t s , t h e r u l e r s i n R o m e h a v e accused a n d accuse u s o f b e i n g w a r m o n g e r s a n d d i s t u r b e r s o f t h e peace i n t h e B a l k a n s , because, w i t h o u t hesitation, w e h a v e a l w a y s , a n d w i l l a l w a y s h i t t h e m h a r d , f o r t h e i r i n t e n t i o n s h a v e been, r e m a i n , and w i l l always be to chop up A l b a n i a a m o n g themselves, t o e n s l a v e o u r people. We do not t h i n k we need prove at this meeting that w a r i s a l i e n t o t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s , t o o u r M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties, b u t t h e q u e s t i o n r e m a i n s : w h y d o t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e i r a g e n t s accuse China and A l b a n i a of being w a r l i k e and, allegedly, opposed t o p e a c e f u l c o - e x i s t e n c e ?

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Let us take the question of A l b a n i a . Against whom would Albania make w a r and w h y ? It would be ridiculous to waste our time in answering t h i s q u e s t i o n . B u t those w h o accuse u s o f t h i s are t r y i n g to cover up their aggressive intentions towards Albania. Rankovich wants us to t u r n our borders into a r o a d h o u s e w i t h t w o gates t h r o u g h w h i c h Y u goslav, I t a l i a n a n d G r e e k agents a n d w e a p o n s c o u l d g o i n a n d o u t f r e e l y , w i t h o u t visas, i n o r d e r t o b r i n g us their culture of cutthroats, so that T i t o m a y realize his d r e a m of t u r n i n g A l b a n i a into the seventh republic of Yugoslavia, so that the reactionary Italian bourgeoisie m a y put into action for the t h i r d time their predatory intentions towards A l b a n i a , or so that the Greek monarcho-fascists m a y realize their crazy d r e a m of grabbing southern A l b a n i a . Because we have not permitted and w i l l n e v e r p e r m i t s u c h a t h i n g , w e are w a r m o n g e r s . They k n o w very w e l l that if they violate our borders t h e y w i l l h a v e t o f i g h t u s a n d t h e w h o l e s o cialist c a m p . T h e i r a i m , t h e r e f o r e , has b e e n a n d i s t o i s o l a t e u s f r o m t h e c a m p a n d f r o m o u r f r i e n d s , t o accuse u s o f b e i n g w a r m o n g e r s a n d savage, because w e do not open our borders for t h e m to graze freely, t o accuse u s o f b e i n g , a l l e g e d l y , o p p o s e d t o p e a c e f u l coexistence. B u t t h e i r o n y o f f a t e i s t h a t t h e r e are comrades w h o give credit to this game of the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d t o these s l a n d e r s against t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a . O f course, w e a r e opposed t o a n y c o - e x i s t e n c e f o r t h e sake o f w h i c h w e A l b a -

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nians s h o u l d m a k e t e r r i t o r i a l a n d p o l i t i c a l concessions t o S o p h o c l e s V e n i z e l o s . N o , t h e t i m e has g o n e forever w h e n the territory of A l b a n i a could be treated as a m e d i u m of e x c h a n g e . We a r e o p p o s e d t o s u c h a coexistence w i t h t h e Y u g o s l a v state w h i c h implies that we should give up o u r ideological a n d political struggle against the Y u g o s l a v revisionists, these agents o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i m p e r i a l i s m , these traitors to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . We are opposed to such co-existence w i t h t h e B r i t i s h o r t h e U.S. i m perialists f o r t h e sake o f w h i c h w e s h o u l d recognise, as they demand, the old political, diplomatic and t r a d i n g concessions K i n g Z o g ' s r e g i m e h a d g r a n t e d them. As a general conclusions, the P a r t y of L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s a b s o l u t e l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t o u r great cause, s o c i a l i s m a n d peace, w i l l t r i u m p h . T h r o u g h d e t e r m i n e d a c t i o n , t h e c o m b i n e d forces o f t h e socialist c a m p h e a d e d b y t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f the international communist and workers movement and o f a l l t h e p e a c e - l o v i n g peoples, h a v e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f c o m p e l l i n g t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s t o accept p e a c e f u l co-existence, o f a v e r t i n g a w o r l d w a r . But, at the same time, we w i l l intensify o u r r e volutionary vigilance more and more so that the enemy m a y never catch us unawares. We are convinced that v i c t o r y w i l l be ours in this noble struggle f o r w o r l d peace a n d s o c i a l i s m . T h e A l b a nian people and the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a , just a s h e r e t o f o r e , w i l l s p a r e n o t h i n g , w i l l assist w i t h a l l their m i g h t the t r i u m p h o f o u r c o m m o n cause. A s a l w a y s , w e w i l l m a r c h f o r w a r d i n s t e e l -

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l i k e u n i t y w i t h the w h o l e socialist camp, w i t h the glorious Soviet U n i o n , and w i t h a l l the international communist and workers' movement. Dear Comrades!

The u n i t y of the international communist a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t i s the d e c i s i v e f a c t o r i n r e a l i z i n g the n o b l e a i m s o f t h e t r i u m p h o f peace, d e m o cracy, n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d s o c i a l i s m . T h i s q u e s t i o n i s e s p e c i a l l y e m p h a s i s e d i n t h e 1957 M o s cow Declaration a n d the draft-Statement prepared f o r o u r m e e t i n g . I n t h e 1957 D e c l a r a t i o n i t i s s t r e s sed t h a t the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s b e a r a n e x c e p t i o n a l l y serious h i s t o r i c r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e fate o f t h e w o r l d socialist s y s t e m a n d t h e i n ternational communist movement. The communist a n d w o r k e r s ' parties t a k i n g p a r t i n t h e m e e t i n g declare t h a t t h e y w i l l spare n o e f f o r t t o s t r e n g t h e n their u n i t y and comradely collaboration in the i n t e r e s t s o f t h e f u r t h e r u n i t y o f t h e f a m i l y o f socialist states, i n t h e i n t e r e s t o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e cause o f peace a n d socialism. I t m u s t b e s a i d that, e s p e c i a l l y i n recent t i m e s , i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m munist movement a n d in the relations among c e r t a i n parties, t h e r e h a v e a r i s e n deep i d e o l o g i c a l and political disagreements, the deepening of w h i c h can o n l y b r i n g d a m a g e t o o u r g r e a t cause. T h e r e fore, t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t h i n k s that, i n order to forge ahead together towards fresh victories, i t i s necessary t o c o n d e m n t h e m i s t a k e s a n d

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negative manifestations w h i c h f a r a n d t o correct t h e m .

have appeared

so

We w a n t to refer here to the Bucharest meeting at which our Party, as you know, refrained f r o m e x p r e s s i n g its o p i n i o n c o n c e r n i n g t h e d i s a greements w h i c h h a v e a r i s e n b e t w e e n t h e C o m m u nist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of China, but reserved the right to do so a t this m e e t i n g o f t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s . A t t h a t t i m e the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a w a s accused b y t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s a n d b y some c o m r a d e s o f t h e o t h e r f r a t e r n a l parties, o f e v e r y t h i n g i m a g i n a b l e , b u t n o one t o o k the t r o u b l e t o t h i n k f o r a m o m e n t w h y t h i s party m a i n t a i n e d such a stand against a l l this c u r r e n t , w h y t h i s p a r t y , w h i c h has stood l o y a l t o the e n d t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n i s u n e x p e c t e d l y accused o f a l l e g e d l y opposing M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e M o s c o w D e claration, w h y this party, so closely b o u n d to the Soviet U n i o n a n d to the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the S o v i e t U n i o n , s u d d e n l y comes o u t i n o p p o s i t i o n t o the l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n ? N o w that a l l the comrades have in their hands the i n f o r m a t i o n materials of both the Soviet and C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s , let t h e m r e f l e c t o n them themselves. We have read a n d studied both t h e S o v i e t a n d C h i n e s e m a t e r i a l s , w e h a v e discussed t h e m c a r e f u l l y w i t h the P a r t y activists, a n d come to this meeting w i t h the unanimous v i e w of the P a r t y as a w h o l e . A s w e a l l k n o w , o n t h e occasion o f t h e C o n g r e s s

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of the R u m a n i a n L a b o r P a r t y on J u n e 24 this year, t h e B u c h a r e s t C o n f e r e n c e w a s s u d d e n l y organized on the initiative of the comrades of the leadership of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n w i t h o u t a n y p r e v i o u s w a r n i n g , a t least, a s far as our P a r t y w a s concerned. Instead of exc h a n g i n g o p i n i o n s a n d s e t t i n g t h e date f o r t h i s Conference we are h o l d i n g today, w h i c h w a s agreed u p o n by t h e letters of J u n e 2 a n d 7 (4), it t o o k up a n o t h e r topic, n a m e l y , t h e i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l accusation d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , o n t h e basis o f t h e S o v i e t i n f o r m a t i v e m a t e r i a l . O n t h e basis o f t h i s m a t e r i a l , e n t i r e l y u n k n o w n up to a f e w hours before the m e e t i n g o f the C o n f e r e n c e , t h e delegates o f t h e f r a t e r n a l communist and w o r k e r s ' parties were supposed to pronounce themselves in favor of the views of the Central Committee of the Communist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , at a time w h e n t h e y h a d come to Bucharest for another purpose and h a d no mandate (at least as r e g a r d s t h e d e l e g a t i o n of o u r P a r t y ) f r o m t h e i r p a r t i e s t o discuss, let a l o n e decide, o n s u c h a n i m p o r t a n t issue o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s m . N o r c o u l d a serious d i s c u s s i o n b e t h o u g h t o f a b o u t t h i s m a t e r i a l w h i c h c o n t a i n e d s u c h gross accusations a g a i n s t a n o t h e r M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y , w h e n n o t o n l y t h e delegates b u t , e s p e c i a l l y t h e l e a derships of the communist and w o r k e r s ' parties w e r e n o t a l l o w e d t o s t u d y i t f r o m a l l angles a n d w i t h o u t a l l o w i n g the n e c e s s a r y t i m e t o t h e P a r t y accused t o s u b m i t its v i e w s i n a l l t h e f o r m s w h i c h the a c c u s i n g P a r t y h a d used. T h e fact i s t h a t t h e

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overriding concern of the Soviet leadership was to h a v e its a c c u s a t i o n s a g a i n s t t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y passed o v e r q u i c k l y a n d t o h a v e t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y c o n d e m n e d a t a l l costs. This was the concern of comrade K h r u s h c h e v and the o t h e r S o v i e t c o m r a d e s i n B u c h a r e s t , a n d not a t a l l the i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c a l issues w o r r y i n g o u r c a m p a n d t h e w o r l d as a w h o l e . O u r P a r t y w o u l d h a v e been i n f u l l a g r e e m e n t w i t h a Conference of this k i n d , w i t h whatever other C o n f e r e n c e o f w h a t e v e r a g e n d a t h a t m i g h t b e set, p r o v i d e d t h a t these C o n f e r e n c e s w e r e i n order, h a d t h e a p p r o v a l o f a l l t h e P a r t i e s , h a d a clear a g e n d a set i n a d v a n c e , p r o v i d e d t h e c o m m u nist a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s w e r e g i v e n t h e necessary m a t e r i a l a n d a l l o w e d e n o u g h t i m e t o s t u d y these materials so that they could be prepared and receive the a p p r o v a l o f the P a r t y P o l i t i c a l B u r e a u a n d , i f necessary, o f the p l e n u m s o f the C e n t r a l C o m mittees, o n t h e d e c i s i o n s t h a t e v e n t u a l l y m i g h t b e t a k e n a t these C o n f e r e n c e s . T h e C o n f e r e n c e s s h o u l d be conducted according to the Leninist norms governing the relations a m o n g communist and w o r k ers' parties. T h e y s h o u l d b e c o n d u c t e d i n c o m plete e q u a l i t y a m o n g parties, i n a c o m r a d e l y c o m munist a n d internationalist spirit and w i t h lofty communist morality. T h e B u c h a r e s t C o n f e r e n c e d i d not comply w i t h these n o r m s , t h e r e f o r e , o u r P a r t y , a l t h o u g h i t took p a r t i n it, d e n o u n c e d a n d denounces t h a t C o n f e r e n c e a s out o f o r d e r a n d i n v i o l a t i o n o f Leninist norms.

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W e t h i n k t h a t the B u c h a r e s t C o n f e r e n c e d i d a great d i s s e r v i c e to t h e cause of t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t o t h e cause o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o l i d a r i t y o f t h e w o r k e r s , t o t h e cause o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e u n i t y o f t h e socialist c a m p , t o the cause of s e t t i n g a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t e x a m p l e in settling ideological, political and organizational disputes t h a t m a y a r i s e w i t h i n t h e r a n k s o f t h e communist and w o r k e r s ' parties and w h i c h damage M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . The blame for this falls on t h e c o m r a d e s o f the l e a d e r s h i p o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n w h o o r g a n i z e d t h i s C o n f e r e n c e , w h o c o n c e i v e d those f o r m s a n d w h o a p p l i e d t h o s e n o n - M a r x i s t n o r m s i n this m a t t e r . The a i m was to have the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y condemned by the international communist movement for faults w h i c h do not exist and are baseless. T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e P a r t y o f Labor of A l b a n i a is f u l l y convinced of this on the basis o f t h e s t u d y o f facts, o f t h e S o v i e t a n d C h i nese m a t e r i a l s w h i c h t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a n o w has a t its disposal, b a s e d o n a d e t a i l e d a n a lysis w h i c h the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a has made of the international situation and the official stands o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n and the Chinese Communist Party. The whole P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a holds the unanimous v i e w that the Soviet comrades made a grave mistake at Bucharest, by u n j u s t l y condemning the Chinese Communist P a r t y for h a v ing, allegedly, deviated f r o m M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , for having, allegedly, violated and abandoned t h e

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1957 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n . T h e y h a v e accused t h e Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of being dogmatic, sectarian, o f b e i n g in f a v o r o f w a r , o f b e i n g opposed to p e a c e f u l co-existence, of w a n t i n g a privileged position in the camp and in the intern a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , etc. The Soviet comrades made a grave mistake also w h e n , t a k i n g a d v a n t a g e o f t h e g r e a t l o v e a n d trust w h i c h t h e c o m m u n i s t s h a v e f o r t h e S o v i e t Union a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet Union, they tried to impose their incorrect views t o w a r d s t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o n the o t h e r c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties. R i g h t f r o m t h e start, w h e n the S o v i e t c o m r a d e s began t h e i r f e v e r i s h a n d i m p e r m i s s i b l e w o r k o f i n v e i g l i n g the c o m r a d e s o f o u r d e l e g a t i o n i n B u charest, i t b e c a m e c l e a r t o t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a that the Soviet comrades, resorting to groundless a r g u m e n t s a n d pressure, w i s h e d t o l e a d the d e l e g a t i o n o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a into the t r a p t h e y h a d p r e p a r e d , t o b r i n g t h e m i n t o line w i t h t h e d i s t o r t e d v i e w s o f t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s . What was of importance to comrade K h r u s h chev, (and c o m r a d e Andropov s a i d as m u c h to comrade H y s n i K a p o ) was w h e t h e r w e w o u l d line u p w i t h S o v i e t s i d e o r not. C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v e x p r e s s e d t h i s o p i n i o n i n o t h e r w a y s also, i n his interjections against our P a r t y at the Bucharest meeting. T h i s w a s c o r r o b o r a t e d a l s o b y t h e u n j u s t a n d u n f r i e n d l y gestures of t h e c o m r a d e s of t h e Soviet l e a d e r s h i p a n d t h e e m p l o y e e s o f t h e S o v i e t Embassy in Tirana after the Bucharest meeting

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w h i c h I w i l l refer to later. W h a t was i m p o r t a n t f o r the comrades o f t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p w a s n o t t h e views of a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y such as ours b u t o n l y t h a t w e s h o u l d m a i n t a i n t h e same a t t i t u d e in Bucharest as the Central Committee of the Soviet Union. No w a r n i n g was given to the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a by the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n w h i c h organized the Bucharest meeting that, o n t h e occasion o f t h e C o n g r e s s o f the R u m a n i a n L a b o r P a r t y , accusations w o u l d b e b r o u g h t a g a i n s t the C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y for, a l l e g e d l y g r a v e m i s t a k e s of its l i n e . T h i s came as a c o m p l e t e s u r prise to the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a . W h i l e n o w w e h e a r that, w i t h the e x c e p t i o n o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , the C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f K o r e a , the W o r k e r s ' P a r t y of V i e t n a m , other parties of the camp w e r e c o g n i z a n t of the fact t h a t a C o n f e r e n c e w o u l d be o r g a n i z e d i n B u c h a r e s t t o accuse C h i n a . I f t h i s i s so, t h e n i t i s v e r y c l e a r t h a t the q u e s t i o n b e c o m e s v e r y m u c h m o r e serious a n d assumes t h e f o r m o f a f a c t i o n of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r . Nevertheless, our P a r t y w a s not taken u n a w a r e s a n d i t d i d n o t l a c k v i g i l a n c e , a n d this h a p p e n e d because i t a l w a y s observes t h e L e n i n i s t n o r m s i n r e l a t i o n s w i t h o t h e r parties, because i t h o l d s i n great M a r x i s t esteem the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , the C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , a n d a l l the o t h e r c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s p a r t i e s , because i t respects t h e f e e l i n g o f e q u a l i t y a m o n g parties, a n e q u a l i t y w h i c h the other parties s h o u l d

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respect t o w a r d s t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a r e gardless o f i t s b e i n g a s m a l l one i n n u m b e r s . R i g h t f r o m the beginning, our P a r t y saw that these n o r m s w e r e b e i n g v i o l a t e d a t t h e B u c h a r e s t Meeting and that is w h y it took the stand y o u all k n o w , a s t a n d w h i c h i t c o n s i d e r e d a n d considers, as the o n l y correct one to m a i n t a i n towards the events a s t h e y d e v e l o p e d . Some leaders of f r a t e r n a l parties dubbed us a s n e u t r a l i s t s s o m e others r e p r o a c h e d u s w i t h deviating f r o m the correct M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t line, a n d these l e a d e r s w e n t s o f a r a s t o t r y t o d i s c r e d i t u s b e f o r e t h e i r o w n p a r t i e s . W e r e j e c t a l l these w i t h s c o r n because t h e y a r e s l a n d e r s , t h e y a r e not honest a n d n e i t h e r a r e t h e y c o m p a t i b l e w i t h communist morality. W e pose t h e q u e s t i o n s t o those w h o u n d e r t o o k such c o n t e m p t a b l e acts against t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a : H a s a p a r t y t h e r i g h t t o e x p r e s s its opinions freely on matters as it views t h e m ? W h a t opinion did the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a express in Bucharest? We expressed our loyalty to M a r xism-Leninism and this is corroborated by the entire l i f e a n d s t r u g g l e o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a . W e m a n i f e s t e d o u r l o y a l t y t o t h e 1957 Moscow Declaration and Peace Manifesto a n d this is corroborated by the line pursued w i t h consistency by the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a . We expressed o u r l o y a l t y t o a n d d e f e n d e d t h e u n i t y o f t h e socialist c a m p a n d s o c i a l i s m a n d t h i s i s c o r r o b o r a t e d by the w h o l e struggle of the P a r t y of L a b o r of Albania. We expressed our affection for and loyalty

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t o the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t o the S o v i e t people a n d t h i s i s c o r r o b o r a t e d b y t h e whole life of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a . We d i d n o t agree t o pass j u d g m e n t o n t h e m i s t a k e s o f the C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d , e v e n less, to c o n d e m n the C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w i t h o u t t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t also t h e v i e w s o f the C h i n e s e Communist P a r t y on the problem raised in such a distorted, hasty, a n d a n t i - M a r x i s t w a y against it. W e c o u n s e l l e d c a u t i o n , coolheededness, a n d a c o m r a d e l y s p i r i t i n t r e a t i n g this m a t t e r s o v i t a l a n d e x c e p t i o n a l l y serious t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s m . T h i s w a s t h e w h o l e c r i m e f o r w h i c h stones w e r e t h r o w n a t us. B u t w e t h i n k t h a t t h e stones w h i c h were raised to strike us fell on the heads of those w h o t h r e w t h e m . T h e passage o f t i m e i s c o n f i r m i n g the correctness o f t h e s t a n d m a i n t a i n e d b y the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a . W h y did comrade K h r u s h c h e v and the other S o v i e t c o m r a d e s m a k e s u c h great h a s t e t o accuse the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y groundlessly and w i t h o u t facts? I s i t p e r m i s s i b l e f o r c o m m u n i s t s a n d , especially for the p r i n c i p a l leaders of so great a n d glorious a p a r t y as the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet Union, to perpetrate such an u g l y act? Let t h e m answer this question themselves, but t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a also has t h e f u l l r i g h t t o e x p r e s s its o p i n i o n o n t h e m a t t e r . T h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a is of the opinion t h a t the B u c h a r e s t m e e t i n g w a s n o t o n l y a g r e a t m i s t a k e b u t also a m i s t a k e w h i c h w a s d e l i berately aggravated. In no w a y should the

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B u c h a r e s t m e e t i n g b e cast i n t o oblivion but it s h o u l d be s e v e r e l y c o n d e m n e d as a b l a c k s t a i n in the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e r e i s n o t t h e least d o u b t t h a t t h e i d e o l o g i c a l differences h a v e b e e n a n d a r e g r a v e , a n d t h a t these h a v e a r i s e n a n d h a v e been d e v e l o p e d b e t w e e n t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n and the C h i nese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y . T h e s e s h o u l d h a v e b e e n settled i n d u e t i m e a n d i n a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t w a y between the two parties concerned. A c c o r d i n g to the Chinese documents, the C h i nese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y says t h a t these d i f f e r e n c e s of principle were raised by the Communist comrades i m m e d i a t e l y f o l l o w i n g t h e 20th C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . S o m e o f these m a t t e r s h a v e b e e n t a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n by the Soviet comrades w h i l e others have been rejected. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t h i n k s that, i f these d i f f e r e n c e s c o u l d n o t b e settled b e t w e e n the t w o p a r t i e s c o n c e r n e d , a m e e t i n g s h o u l d h a v e been s o u g h t o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s a t w h i c h these m a t t e r s c o u l d b e b r o u g h t u p , d i s cussed a n d a s t a n d t a k e n t o w a r d s t h e m . It is n o t r i g h t t h a t these m a t t e r s s h o u l d h a v e b e e n left u n s e t t l e d , a n d t h e b l a m e f o r this, m u s t f a l l o n t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s w h o h a d k n o w l e d g e o f these d i f ferences b u t d i s r e g a r d e d t h e m because t h e y w e r e dead certain of their line a n d its inviolability, a n d this, w e t h i n k , i s a n i d e a l i s t a n d m e t a p h y s i c a l approach to the problem. If the Soviet comrades were convinced of the

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correctness o f t h e i r l i n e a n d t h e i r tactics, w h y d i d they not organize such a meeting in due t i m e and h a v e these d i v e r g e n c e s settled? W e r e t h e p r o b l e m s raised so trivial, for example, the condemnation o f J o s e p h S t a l i n , t h e great p r o b l e m o f t h e H u n g a rian counterrevolution, that of the ways of taking power, not to speak of other v e r y i m p o r t a n t p r o blems that emerged later? No, they were not t r i v i a l a t a l l . W e a l l h a v e o u r o w n v i e w s o n these p r o b l e m s because a s c o m m u n i s t s w e a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n a l l o f t h e m , because a l l o u r p a r t i e s are r e s p o n s i b l e t o t h e i r peoples b u t t h e y a r e r e s p o n s i b l e t o international communism, as well. In order to condemn the Chinese Communist P a r t y f o r i m a g i n a r y f a u l t s a n d sins, comrade K h r u s h c h e v a n d the o t h e r S o v i e t l e a d e r s w e r e v e r y c o n c e r n e d to p r e s e n t t h e case as if t h e d i v e r g e n c e s existed between C h i n a and the whole international c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , but, w h e n i t c a m e t o p r o b l e m s l i k e those I j u s t m e n t i o n e d , j u d g m e n t o n t h e m h a s b e e n passed b y K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s c o m p a n i o n s alone, t h i n k i n g t h a t t h e r e w a s n o need f o r t h e m to be d i s c u s s e d c o l l e c t i v e l y at a m e e t i n g o f the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f a l l t h e parties, a l t h o u g h these w e r e m a j o r i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o b l e m s i n c h a racter. The Hungarian counter-revolution occurred but m a t t e r s w e r e h u s h e d u p . W h y t h i s tactics o f h u s h i n g things up w h e n they are not to their advantage, w h i l e for things w h i c h are to their advantage, the Soviet comrades not only call meetings l i k e that of Bucharest but do their utmost to force on others the v i e w that China is in opposition to the l i n e

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of all the communist and w o r k e r s ' parties of the world? The Soviet comrades m a d e a similar attempt t o w a r d s u s also. I n A u g u s t t h i s y e a r , t h e S o v i e t leadership addressed a letter to our P a r t y in w h i c h it proposed that w i t h a v i e w to preventing the s p a r k o f d i v e r g e n c e s f r o m f l a r i n g up, t h e r e p r e sentatives o f o u r t w o p a r t i e s s h o u l d m e e t s o t h a t our P a r t y w o u l d a l i g n itself w i t h the Soviet U n i o n against the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d that our t w o Parties present a u n i t e d front at this present m e e t i n g . O f course, t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e of our P a r t y refused such a t h i n g and, in its official reply, described this as an entirely n o n - M a r x i s t deed, a f a c t i o n a l act d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t a f r a t e r n a l t h i r d party, against the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of C h i n a . O f course, t h i s correct p r i n c i p l e d s t a n d o f o u r P a r t y was not to the l i k i n g of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e r e i s n o d o u b t t h a t these m a t t e r s a r e o f first rate importance. There is no doubt that they concern us all, but neither is there a n y doubt for the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t h a t t h e w a y t h e question was raised in Bucharest was tendentious and aimed at condemning the Chinese Communist P a r t y and isolating it f r o m the w h o l e international communist movement. F o r the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a this w a s m o n s t r o u s a n d u n a c c e p t a b l e , n o t o n l y because i t w a s n o t c o n v i n c e d o f t h e t r u t h o f these a l l e g a t i o n s , b u t a l s o because i t r i g h t l y suspected t h a t a n o n M a r x i s t action w a s being organised against a great

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a n d glorious fraternal party like the Chinese C o m munist Party, that under the guise of an accusation o f d o g m a t i s m against C h i n a , a n a t t a c k w a s b e i n g launched against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d the M o s cow Manifesto of Peace. At the meeting, the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w a s accused o f m a n y t h i n g s . T h i s s h o u l d h a v e figured in the C o m m u n i q u e . W h y was it not done? If the accusations w e r e w e l l grounded, w h y all t h i s h e s i t a t i o n a n d w h y issue a c o m m u n i q u e w h i c h d i d not correspond to t h e purpose for w h i c h the Conference was called? W h y was there no reference i n i t t o t h e great d a n g e r o f d o g m a t i s m allegedly threatening international communism? N o , comrades, t h e B u c h a r e s t C o n f e r e n c e c a n n o t be justified. It was not based on principle. It was a b i a s e d one to a c h i e v e c e r t a i n objectives, of w h i c h t h e m a i n one w a s , i n the o p i n i o n o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a , that by accusing the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of dogmatism, to cover up some grave mistakes of line w h i c h the Soviet leading comrades have allowed themselves to m a k e . T h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s stood i n n e e d o f t h e s u p port of the other parties on this matter. That is w h y they tried f r a n k l y to catch t h e m unawares. The Soviet comrades achieved half their a i m and w o n t h e r i g h t t o r a i s e i n these p a r t i e s t h e c o n d e m nation of C h i n a as the outcome of an international Conference of communism. In the communist and w o r k e r s ' parties, w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a a n d certain other communist a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, t h e q u e s t i o n w a s r a i s e d o f

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the g r a v e e r r o r s o f p o l i c y c o m m i t t e d b y the C h i nese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , the u n a n i m o u s c o n demnation of C h i n a in Bucharest was reported in a n e f f o r t t o create o p i n i o n i n t h e p a r t i e s a n d a m o n g the p e o p l e i n this d i r e c t i o n . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a w a s a l s o c o n d e m n e d at some of these party meetings. A f t e r t h e B u c h a r e s t C o n f e r e n c e , the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a d e cided, a n d d e c i d e d r i g h t l y , t o discuss i n the P a r t y o n l y t h e C o m m u n i q u e , t o t e l l the P a r t y t h a t t h e r e existed divergences of principle between the C o m munist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n a n d the Chinese Communist P a r t y w h i c h should be taken up and settled a t t h e c o m i n g N o v e m b e r C o n f e r e n c e i n M o s c o w . A n d t h i s w a s w h a t w a s done. B u t this s t a n d o f o u r P a r t y d i d not please the l e a d i n g c o m r a d e s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , a n d this w e v e r y soon felt. I m m e d i a tely f o l l o w i n g t h e B u c h a r e s t m e e t i n g , a n u n e x pected, u n p r i n c i p l e d a t t a c k w a s l a u n c h e d , b r u t a l intervention a n d all-round pressure was undertaken against o u r P a r t y a n d its C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e . T h e attack was begun by comrade K h r u s h c h e v in B u charest a n d w a s c o n t i n u e d b y c o m r a d e K o z l o v i n Moscow. T h e comrades of our Political B u r e a u who h a p p e n e d t o pass t h r o u g h M o s c o w w e r e w o r k e d u p o n w i t h a v i e w t o t u r n i n g t h e m a g a i n s t the l e a d e r s h i p o f o u r P a r t y , p u t t i n g f o r w a r d t h a t the leadership of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a had b e t r a y e d t h e f r i e n d s h i p w i t h the S o v i e t U n i o n , that the l i n e p u r s u e d b y t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f the

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P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a is characterized by 'zig-zags', t h a t A l b a n i a m u s t decide t o g o e i t h e r w i t h t h e 200 m i l l i o n s ( w i t h t h e S o v i e t U n i o n ) o r w i t h t h e 650 m i l l i o n s ( w i t h P e o p l e ' s C h i n a ) a n d f i n a l l y that an isolated A l b a n i a i s i n danger, f o r i t w o u l d t a k e o n l y one a t o m i c b o m b d r o p p e d b y the A m e r i c a n s t o w i p e out A l b a n i a a n d a l l i t s population completely, a n d other threats of the k i n d . I t i s a b s o l u t e l y clear t h a t t h e a i m w a s t o s o w d i s c o r d i n the l e a d e r s h i p o f o u r P a r t y , t o r e move f r o m the leadership of the P a r t y of L a b o r o f A l b a n i a those e l e m e n t s w h o , t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s thought, stood in the w a y of their crooked a n d dishonest u n d e r t a k i n g s . W h a t came out of this divisive w o r k w a s that comrade L i r i Belishova, M e m b e r of the P o l i t i c a l B u r e a u o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a , capitulated to the cajolery of the S o v i e t leaders, t o t h e i r b l a c k m a i l a n d i n t i m i dation and took a stand in open opposition to the line of her P a r t y . The attempt of the Soviet comrades in their letter t o the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C h i n e s e C o m munist P a r t y to present this question as if t h e friends of the Soviet U n i o n in A l b a n i a are being p e r s e c u t e d is a f a l s e h o o d . T h e m i l l i o n a n d a h a l f A l b a n i a n s a n d the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a h a v e been, are, a n d w i l l be, l i f e - l o n g f r i e n d s o f t h e Soviet U n i o n a n d its C o m m u n i s t Party, sworn f r i e n d s o f t h e S o v i e t people. T h e y h a v e f o r g e d a n d steeled this f r i e n d s h i p , t e m p e r e d i n b l o o d , n o t t h e various capitulators, splitters a n d deviators.

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B u t attempts to arouse suspicion about the correct s t a n d o f o u r P a r t y i n B u c h a r e s t w e r e n o t confined to M o s c o w alone. T h e y w e r e made w i t h even m o r e f e r v o r in T i r a n a by the employees of the S o v i e t E m b a s s y w i t h t h e S o v i e t A m b a s s a d o r i n Tirana himself in the lead. As I said before, p r i o r to the Bucharest C o n ference, o n e c o u l d n o t i m a g i n e closer, m o r e sincere, m o r e f r a t e r n a l r e l a t i o n s t h a n those b e t w e e n u s and the Soviet comrades. We kept nothing f r o m the S o v i e t c o m r a d e s , n e i t h e r P a r t y n o r S t a t e secrets. T h i s w a s d e c i d e d u p o n b y o u r C e n t r a l C o m mittee. T h e s e r e l a t i o n s r e f l e c t e d t h e great l o v e a n d loyalty w h i c h our P a r t y had tempered in blood b e t w e e n t h e A l b a n i a n a n d S o v i e t peoples. I t w a s these s a c r e d s e n t i m e n t s o f t h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a a n d of o u r people that certain s i c k l y elements, w i t h t h e S o v i e t A m b a s s a d o r a t the head, t r a m p l e d underfoot. T a k i n g advantage of our f r i e n d l y relations, t a k i n g advantage of the g o o d f a i t h o f o u r cadres, t h e y b e g a n f e v e r i s h l y a n d intensively to attack the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t line of the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , t o s p l i t t h e P a r t y , t o c r e a t e p a n i c a n d c o n f u s i o n i n its r a n k s , t o a l i e n a t e t h e l e a d e r s h i p f r o m t h e P a r t y , a n d the Soviet Ambassador to T i r a n a went so far as to attempt to incite the Generals of our A r m y to raise t h e P e o p l e ' s A r m y a g a i n s t the P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a and the A l b a n i a n State. B u t the saw struck a nail, a n d this came to naught, for the u n i t y o f o u r P a r t y i s s t e e l - l i k e . O u r cadres, t e m pered i n the National-liberation W a r and i n the

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bitter life and death struggle w i t h the Y u g o s l a v revisionists defended their heroic P a r t y in a M a r x i s t way. T h e y k n o w w e l l enough h o w to d r a w the line between the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n o f L e n i n a n d t h e splitters, t h e y k n o w w e l l e n o u g h how to defend a n d temper their love a n d loyalty towards the Soviet U n i o n . A n d i n fact they p u t these d e n i g r a t o r s i n t h e i r place. Nevertheless, the employees of the Soviet Embassy to T i r a n a , w i t h the A m b a s s a d o r in the lead, succeeded, t h r o u g h i m p e r m i s s i b l e a n t i - M a r x i s t methods, i n m a k i n g t h e C h a i r m a n o f t h e C o n t r o l Commission of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a , w h o , 1 5 d a y s b e f o r e h a d b e e n a t one w i t h t h e l i n e p u r s u e d b y the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a in Bucharest, f a l l into the clutches o f these i n t r i g u e r s , d e v i a t e f r o m M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m a n d c o m e out f l a g r a n t l y a g a i n s t t h e l i n e o f h i s P a r t y . I t i s c l e a r t h a t these c o n t e m p t i b l e acts of these S o v i e t c o m r a d e s a i m e d at s p l i t t i n g t h e leadership of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a , at a l i e n a t i n g i t f r o m t h e masses a n d f r o m t h e P a r t y . A n d this, a s a p u n i s h m e n t f o r t h e c r i m e w e h a d committed in Bucharest, for h a v i n g the courage t o express o u r v i e w s f r e e l y a s w e s a w f i t . T h e f u n c t i o n a r i e s o f the S o v i e t E m b a s s y t o Tirana went even further. They turned to the A l banians w h o had studied i n the Soviet U n i o n w i t h a view to inciting t h e m against the A l b a n i a n l e a dership, t a k i n g t h e m t o b e a f i t t i n g c o n t i n g e n t b y w h o m to f u r t h e r their sinister intentions. B u t the A l b a n i a n s , w h e t h e r those w h o h a d c o m p l e t e d o r

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were s t i l l p u r s u i n g their studies in the Soviet U n i o n , a s w e l l a s a l l t h e rest, e n t e r t a i n e d , e n t e r t a i n , and w i l l a l w a y s entertain a fervent, sincere and untarnished affection for the Soviet U n i o n and the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , a n d a r e a n d w i l l b e a w a r e o f t h e f a c t t h a t t h e base m e t h o d s used b y t h e e m p l o y e e s o f t h e S o v i e t E m b a s s y t o T i r a n a are altogether alien to the Soviet U n i o n and t o t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e A l b a n i a n s a r e t h e sons a n d d a u g h t e r s o f t h e i r o w n people, o f t h e i r o w n P a r t y , t h e y a r e M a r x i s t Leninists and internationalists. We can list m a n y other examples, but in order not t o t a k e s o m u c h t i m e o f this i m p o r t a n t m e e t i n g , I w i l l m e n t i o n o n l y t w o o t h e r t y p i c a l cases. T h e pressure on our P a r t y continued even d u r i n g the days w h e n t h e c o m m i s s i o n w a s m e e t i n g h e r e i n Moscow to d r a w up the draft-Statement w h i c h has been s u b m i t t e d t o u s ; w h e n t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s urged that we should look ahead and not back. That day in Moscow, the member of the Central Committee and Minister of the Soviet Union, M a r s h a l M a l i n o v s k y , l a u n c h e d a n open a t t a c k o n the A l b a n i a n people, o n t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , on the A l b a n i a n G o v e r n m e n t and on our leadership at an enlarged meeting of the Chiefs of Staff of the W a r s a w T r e a t y c o u n t r i e s . T h i s u n f r i e n d l y a n d public attack has m u c h i n c o m m o n w i t h the d i versionist attack of the Soviet A m b a s s a d o r to T i rana, t r y i n g to incite o u r People's A r m y against the l e a d e r s h i p o f o u r P a r t y a n d o u r S t a t e . B u t M a r s h a l M a l i n o v s k y makes as grave an error as

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the S o v i e t A m b a s s a d o r . N o o n e can a c h i e v e t h i s e n d , a n d e v e n less t h a t o f b r e a k i n g u p the f r i e n d ship o f o u r people w i t h t h e peoples o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e correct s t r u g g l e o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a against these s u b v e r s i v e acts s t r e n g t h e n s t h e s i n c e r e f r i e n d s h i p o f o u r people w i t h the peoples o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d w i t h the g l o r i o u s C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n . N o r can this f r i e n d s h i p b e b r o k e n u p b y t h e a s t o n i s h i n g statements o f M a r s h a l G r e c h k o , C o m m a n d e r - i n C h i e f of the W a r s a w Treaty, w h o not o n l y told our m i l i t a r y delegation that it w a s difficult for h i m t o meet t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f o u r A r m y f o r some v e r y essential armaments for the supply of w h i c h contrats have been signed, but said bluntly, Y o u are in the W a r s a w T r e a t y only for the time being, i m p l y i n g t h a t M a r s h a l G r e c h k o seems t o h a v e d e c i d e d t o t h r o w u s out. B u t , f o r t u n a t e l y , i t is not up to the C o m r a d e M a r s h a l to take such a decision. I n O c t o b e r this year, C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v d e c l a r e d s o l e m n l y t o t h e C h i n e s e comrades, W e w i l l treat A l b a n i a like Yugoslavia. W e say this at this meeting of international c o m m u n i s m so t h a t a l l m a y see h o w f a r t h i n g s h a v e gone a n d w h a t attitude is being maintained towards a small socialist c o u n t r y . W h a t c r i m e h a s t h e P a r t y o f Labor of A l b a n i a committed for our country to be treated like Tito's Y u g o s l a v i a ? H a v e w e b y a n y chance b e t r a y e d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a s T i t o ' s c l i q u e has d o n e ? O r d i d w e b r e a k a w a y f r o m t h e c a m p a n d h i t c h u p w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m a s r e v i s i o n i s t

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Y u g o s l a v i a h a s d o n e ? N o , a n d a l l the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a l l the c o n c r e t e p o l i t i c a l , ideological and economic activity of our P a r t y and o u r S t a t e d u r i n g t h e w h o l e p e r i o d o f the N a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n W a r a n d d u r i n g these 1 6 y e a r s since t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e c o u n t r y b e a r t e s t i m o n y t o this. T h i s i s b o r n e o u t also b y t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n itself, w h i c h , i n its 1960 A u g u s t 1 3 l e t t e r t o the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y o f A l b a n i a , s t r e s s e d : T h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a and the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n based o n t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o nalism have always been t r u l y fraternal. The f r i e n d s h i p b e t w e e n o u r p a r t i e s a n d peoples has a t n o t i m e been o b s c u r e d b y a n y m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g o r a b a t e m e n t . T h e s t a n d o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d that of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the S o v i e t U n i o n o n a l l t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t issues o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t a n d o f f o r e i g n p o l i c y h a v e been identical. O f w h a t t h e n are w e g u i l t y ? O u r o n l y c r i m e i s that i n B u c h a r e s t w e d i d n o t agree t h a t a f r a t e r n a l communist p a r t y like the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y s h o u l d b e u n j u s t l y c o n d e m n e d ; o u r o n l y crime i s t h a t w e h a d t h e c o u r a g e t o oppose o p e n l y , a t a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m e e t i n g (and n o t i n the m a r k e t p l a c e ) t h e u n j u s t a c t i o n o f C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v , our only crime is that we are a small P a r t y of a s m a l l a n d poor country which, according to Comrade Khrushchev, should merely a p p l a u d a n d a p p r o v e b u t e x p r e s s n o o p i n i o n o f its

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o w n . B u t this i s n e i t h e r M a r x i s t n o r acceptable. M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m has g r a n t e d u s t h e r i g h t t o have our say a n d we w i l l not give up this right f o r a n y one, n e i t h e r o n a c c o u n t o f p o l i t i c a l a n d econ o m i c p r e s s u r e n o r o n a c c o u n t o f the t h r e a t s a n d epithets t h a t t h e y m i g h t h u r l a t us. O n t h i s occasion w e w o u l d l i k e t o ask C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v w h y he d i d not m a k e such a statement to us instead of to a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of a t h i r d p a r t y . Or does C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v think that the P a r t y of L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has n o v i e w s o f its o w n b u t has m a d e c o m m o n cause w i t h the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a in an unprincipled manner, and therefore, on m a t ters p e r t a i n i n g t o o u r P a r t y , one c a n t a l k w i t h the C h i n e s e c o m r a d e s ? N o , C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v , you continue to blunder and hold very w r o n g opinions a b o u t o u r P a r t y . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has its o w n v i e w s a n d w i l l a n s w e r f o r t h e m b o t h t o its o w n people a s w e l l a s t o t h e international communist and workers' movement. W e are o b l i g e d t o i n f o r m t h i s m e e t i n g t h a t t h e S o v i e t leaders h a v e i n fact passed f r o m t h r e a t s t o t r e a t i n g A l b a n i a i n the s a m e w a y a s T i t o i t e Y u g o s l a v i a , t o concrete acts. T h i s y e a r o u r c o u n t r y has s u f f e r e d m a n y n a t u r a l c a l a m i t i e s . T h e r e w a s a big earthquake, the flood in October and, especially, the drought w h i c h was terrible, w i t h not a d r o p o f r a i n f o r 120 d a y s i n succession. N e a r l y a l l the g r a i n w a s lost. T h e p e o p l e w e r e t h r e a t e n e d w i t h s t a r v a t i o n . T h e v e r y l i m i t e d reserves w e r e consumed. O u r G o v e r n m e n t urgently sought to b u y g r a i n f r o m the S o v i e t U n i o n , e x p l a i n i n g t h e v e r y

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critical situation w e were faced w i t h . T h i s h a p pened a f t e r t h e B u c h a r e s t M e e t i n g . W e w a i t e d 4 5 days f o r a r e p l y f r o m t h e S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t w h i l e w e h a d o n l y 1 5 d a y s b r e a d f o r t h e people. A f t e r f o r t y - f i v e d a y s a n d a f t e r r e p e a t e d o f f i c i a l requests, the S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t , i n s t e a d of 50,000 tons, a c c o r d e d us o n l y 10,000 tons, t h a t is, e n o u g h to l a s t us 15 days, a n d t h i s g r a i n w a s to be d e l i v e r e d during the months of September and October. T h i s was open p r e s s u r e o n o u r P a r t y t o s u b m i t t o t h e wishes o f t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s . D u r i n g those c r i t i c a l d a y s w e got w i s e t o m a n y things. D i d t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , w h i c h sells g r a i n t o t h e w h o l e w o r l d , n o t h a v e 50,000 t o n s t o g i v e the A l b a n i a n p e o p l e w h o are l o y a l b r o t h e r s o f t h e S o v i e t people, l o y a l t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t o the socialist c a m p , a t a t i m e w h e n , t h r o u g h n o fault of their own, they w e r e threatened w i t h s t a r v a t i o n ? C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v h a d once s a i d t o us: Do not w o r r y about grain, f o r a l l that y o u consume in a w h o l e year is eaten by mice in our c o u n t r y . T h e m i c e i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n m i g h t eat but the A l b a n i a n people could be left to die of starvation u n t i l the leadership of the P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a submits to the w i l l of the Soviet leaders. T h i s i s t e r r i b l e , c o m r a d e s , b u t i t i s t r u e . I f t h e y h e a r a b o u t it, t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e w i l l n e v e r forgive them, for it is neither Marxist-Leninist, internationalist, nor humane. N o r is it a friendly act n o t t o accept o u r c l e a r i n g f o r b u y i n g g r a i n in the Soviet U n i o n but to oblige us to d r a w the limited gold reserve f r o m our N a t i o n a l B a n k in

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o r d e r t o buy m a i z e f o r t h e people's b r e a d i n t h e Soviet U n i o n . T h e s e acts are l i n k e d w i t h one a n o t h e r , t h e y are n o t j u s t a c c i d e n t a l . P a r t i c u l a r l y i n recent days, Comrade Khrushchev's attacks on our P a r t y of L a b o r have reached their climax. C o m r a d e K h r u s h chev, o n N o v e m b e r 8 y o u d e c l a r e d t h a t the A l b a nians behave towards us just like Tito. Y o u said t o t h e C h i n e s e c o m r a d e s : W e lost a n A l b a n i a a n d you, Chinese, w o n a n A l b a n i a . A n d , finally, y o u declared t h a t the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s y o u r weak link. W h a t a r e a l l these m o n s t r o u s accusations, this t r e a t m e n t of o u r P a r t y , o u r people a n d a socialist c o u n t r y a s s o m e t h i n g t o b e b o u g h t o r s o l d o r lost and w o n as in a card game? W h a t appraisal is this of a sister p a r t y w h i c h , a c c o r d i n g to y o u , h a p p e n s t o b e the w e a k l i n k i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t ? F o r u s i t i s clear, a n d w e u n d e r s t a n d i t o n l y t o o w e l l , t h a t o u r correct a n d p r i n c i p l e d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s t a n d , t h a t o u r courage, t o d i s a gree w i t h y o u a n d c o n d e m n those acts o f y o u r s w h i c h are w r o n g i m p e l y o u t o attack o u r P a r t y , to resort to a l l k i n d s of p r e s s u r e against it, to p r o n o u n c e the m o s t e x t r e m e m o n s t r o s i t i e s against our Party. B u t there is nothing comradely, nothing c o m m u n i s t i n this. Y o u i d e n t i f y u s w i t h t h e Y u goslav revisionists. B u t e v e r y b o d y k n o w s h o w our P a r t y has f o u g h t a n d c o n t i n u e s t o f i g h t against t h e Yugoslav revisionists. It is not we w h o behave l i k e the Y u g o s l a v s b u t y o u , c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v , w h o are u s i n g m e t h o d s a l i e n t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m

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against o u r P a r t y . Y o u c o n s i d e r A l b a n i a a s a m a r k e t c o m m o d i t y w h i c h c a n b e g a i n e d b y o n e o r lost by another. There w a s a time w h e n A l b a n i a was c o n s i d e r e d a m e d i u m o f e x c h a n g e , w h e n others thought it depended on t h e m whether A l b a n i a should or should not exist, but that t i m e came to an end w i t h t h e t r i u m p h o f t h e ideas o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m i n our country. Y o u w e r e repeating the s a m e t h i n g w h e n y o u d e c i d e d t h a t y o u h a d lost A l b a n i a o r t h a t s o m e one else h a d won it, w h e n y o u d e c i d e d t h a t A l b a n i a i s n o l o n g e r a socialist c o u n t r y , a s i t t u r n s out f r o m t h e l e t t e r y o u h a n d e d to us on N o v e m b e r 8, in w h i c h our country is not m e n t i o n e d as a socialist c o u n t r y . T h e fact t h a t A l b a n i a proceeds a l o n g the p a t h of s o c i a l i s m a n d t h a t it is a m e m b e r of t h e socialist camp is not determined by you, comrade K h r u s h chev, i t does n o t d e p e n d o n y o u r w i s h e s . T h i s has been d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e A l b a n i a n people h e a d e d by their P a r t y of Labor, by their struggle and there i s n o f o r c e capable o f t u r n i n g t h e m f r o m t h a t course. As regards y o u r claim that our P a r t y of L a b o r i s the w e a k e s t l i n k i n t h e socialist c a m p a n d the international c o m m u n i s t movement, we say that the t w e n t y - y e a r h i s t o r y o f o u r P a r t y , t h e h e r o i c struggle of our people and our P a r t y against the fascist i n v a d e r s a n d t h e s i x t e e n y e a r s t h a t h a v e elapsed since t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e c o u n t r y t o this day, d u r i n g w h i c h p e r i o d o u r s m a l l P a r t y a n d o u r people h a v e f a c e d u p t o a l l t h e s t o r m s , s h o w the c o n t r a r y . S u r r o u n d e d b y enemies l i k e a n i s l a n d

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a m i d s t t h e w a v e s , the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a has c o u r a g e o u s l y w i t h s t o o d a l l the assaults a n d p r o v o c a t i o n s o f the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e i r l a c k e y s . L i k e a g r a n i t e r o c k i t has h e l d a n d h o l d s h i g h t h e b a n n e r o f s o c i a l i s m b e h i n d the e n e m y lines. Y o u raised y o u r hand, comrade K h r u s h c h e v , against a small country and its Party, but we are conv i n c e d t h a t t h e S o v i e t people w h o shed t h e i r b l o o d i n defense o f o u r people, also, t h a t t h e great P a r t y o f L e n i n a r e n o t i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h this a c t i v i t y of yours. We have f u l l confidence in M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , w e are c e r t a i n t h a t f r a t e r n a l p a r t i e s w h i c h h a v e sent t h e i r delegates t o t h i s m e e t i n g w i l l size u p a n d pass j u d g m e n t o n t h i s issue w i t h M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t justice. O u r P a r t y has a l w a y s c o n s i d e r e d t h e C o m munist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n as a m o t h e r - P a r t y a n d has d o n e t h i s because i t i s the oldest P a r t y , t h e g l o r i o u s P a r t y o f the B o l s h e v i k s , i t has s p o k e n of its u n i v e r s a l e x p e r i e n c e , of its great m a t u r i t y . B u t o u r P a r t y has n e v e r accepted n o r w i l l e v e r accept t h a t some S o v i e t leaders m a y i m p o s e o n i t t h e i r v i e w s w h i c h i t considers e r r o n e o u s . T h e S o v i e t leaders v i e w e d t h i s m a t t e r o f p r i n cipled importance in an altogether erroneous w a y , in an idealistic and metaphysical w a y ; they have b e c o m e s w e l l h e a d e d o v e r the c o l o s s a l successes a t t a i n e d b y t h e S o v i e t people a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r ty of the Soviet U n i o n and violate M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t principles, consider themselves infallible, consider e v e r y d e c i s i o n , e v e r y act, e v e r y w o r d t h e y s a y a n d

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every gesture they m a k e infallible and irrevocable. Others m a y err, others m a y be condemned, w h i l e they are a b o v e s u c h r e p r o a c h . O u r decisions are sacred, t h e y a r e i n v i o l a b l e . W e c a n m a k e n o c o n cessions to, n o c o m p r o m i s e w i t h t h e C h i n e s e C o m munist Party, the leaders of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n s a i d t o o u r people. T h e n w h y d i d t h e y c a l l u s t o g e t h e r i n B u c h a r e s t ? O f course, t o v o t e w i t h o u r eyes b l i n d f o l d e d f o r t h e v i e w s o f the S o v i e t leaders. I s t h i s t h e M a r x i s t w a y ? I s t h i s a normal procedure? I s i t p e r m i s s i b l e f o r one p a r t y t o engage i n s u b v e r s i v e acts, to cause a s p l i t , to o v e r t h r o w t h e leadership of another p a r t y or of another State? N e v e r ! T h e S o v i e t leaders a c c u s e d C o m r a d e S t a l i n o f a l l e g e d l y i n t e r f e r i n g i n o t h e r parties, o f i m p o s i n g the v i e w s o f t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y u p o n others. W e can b e a r w i t n e s s t o t h e fact t h a t a t n o t i m e d i d c o m r a d e S t a l i n d o s u c h a t h i n g t o w a r d s us, t o w a r d s the A l b a n i a n p e o p l e a n d t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l bania, he a l w a y s b e h a v e d as a g r e a t M a r x i s t , as an o u t s t a n d i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t , as a c o m r a d e , b r o t h e r a n d s i n c e r e f r i e n d o f t h e A l b a n i a n people. I n 1945, when our people w e r e threatened w i t h starvation, comrade S t a l i n ordered the ships loaded w i t h g r a i n destined f o r t h e S o v i e t people, w h o also w e r e i n d i r e n e e d o f f o o d a t t h a t t i m e , a n d sent t h e g r a i n a t once t o t h e A l b a n i a n p e o p l e . W h e r e a s , t h e p r e sent S o v i e t l e a d e r s p e r m i t t h e m s e l v e s t h e s e u g l y deeds. A r e such economic pressures permissible; is it

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p e r m i s s i b l e t o t h r e a t e n t h e A l b a n i a n people, a s t h e S o v i e t leaders d i d a f t e r t h e B u c h a r e s t M e e t i n g ? I n no w a y whatsoever! T h e Soviet U n i o n has always aided us in a generous w a y t h r o u g h credits a n d b y a l l other m e a n s . N e w A l b a n i a c o u l d n o t b e b u i l t w i t h o u t this aid, first a n d foremost, f r o m the S o viet U n i o n a n d f r o m the other countries of P e o ple's D e m o c r a c y . To tell the truth, we are very grateful to the Soviet U n i o n and to the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y and G o vernment of the Soviet U n i o n for the great a i d they have given our country to build up its industry, t o set a g r i c u l t u r e o n its feet, i n s h o r t , t o i m p r o v e the l i f e o f o u r p e o p l e a n d speed u p s o c i a l i s t c o n s truction. We k n o w that this aid is an internationalist a i d g i v e n o u r s m a l l people w h o , b e f o r e t h e w a r , s u f f e r e d great, a l l r o u n d m i s e r y , a n d t h a t t h e S e cond W o r l d W a r burnt and devastated our country t h o u g h n e v e r d o w n i n g t h e A l b a n i a n people w h o , under the leadership of the glorious P a r t y of L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , f o u g h t w i t h great h e r o i s m a n d l i b e r a ted themselves. B u t w h y d i d t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p c h a n g e its a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s u s a f t e r the B u c h a r e s t M e e t i n g t o the p o i n t t h a t i t let t h e A l b a n i a n people s u f f e r f r o m hunger? The R u m a n i a n leadership d i d the same thing w h e n it refused to sell a single ear of wheat to the A l b a n i a n people on a c l e a r i n g basis at a time w h e n Rumania was trading in grain w i t h the capitalist countries, w h i l e w e w e r e o b l i g e d t o b u y maize f r o m F r e n c h farmers, paying in foreign currency.

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Some months before the Bucharest Meeting, comrade Dej invited a delegation of o u r P a r t y for the s p e c i f i c p u r p o s e o f c o n d u c t i n g t a l k s o n t h e f u t u r e d e v e l o p m e n t of A l b a n i a . T h i s as a l a u d a b l e and M a r x i s t c o n c e r n of his. C o m r a d e Dej said to our P a r t y : W e , t h e o t h e r c o u n t r i e s o f P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y , s h o u l d n o l o n g e r discuss h o w m u c h credit s h o u l d b e a c c o r d e d t o A l b a n i a , b u t w e s h o u l d decide t o b u i l d i n A l b a n i a s u c h a n d s u c h factories, to raise t h e m e a n s of p r o d u c t i o n to a h i g h e r l e v e l , regardless o f h o w m a n y m i l l i o n r u b l e s t h e y w i l l cost, t h a t i s o f n o i m p o r t a n c e . C o m r a d e D e j a d ded: We have talked this over w i t h comrade K h r u s h c h e v , too, a n d w e h a v e b e e n i n agreement. B u t then came the Bucharest M e e t i n g and our Party maintained the stand y o u all k n o w . The R u manian comrades forgot w h a t they had previously said a n d chose the c o u r s e o f l e a v i n g the A l b a n i a n people t o s u f f e r f r o m h u n g e r . W e h a v e m a d e these t h i n g s o f f i c i a l l y k n o w n t o the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n b e f o r e . W e h a v e n o t s u b m i t t e d them to public discussion nor have we whispered t h e m f r o m e a r t o ear, b u t w e a r e r e v e a l i n g t h e m f o r the f i r s t t i m e a t t h i s p a r t y m e e t i n g . W h y d o w e raise t h i s q u e s t i o n ? W e p r o c e e d f r o m t h e desire t o put a n e n d t o these n e g a t i v e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s w h i c h do not strengthen but w e a k e n our unity. We p r o ceed f r o m t h e d e s i r e t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e r e l a t i o n s a n d Marxist-Leninist bonds a m o n g communist and w o r k e r s ' parties, a m o n g socialist States, d i s c a r d i n g

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any e v i l manifestation that has arisen so far. We are optimistic, f u l l y convinced and have u n s h a k e n confidence that the Soviet and other comrades w i l l understand our criticism aright. T h e y are sharp but open a n d sincere a n d a i m a t s t r e n g t h e n i n g o u r relations. N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g these u n j u s t a n d h a r m f u l stands w h i c h a r e m a n t a i n e d a g a i n s t us, b u t w h i c h we believe w i l l be stopped in the future, our P a r t y a n d o u r people w i l l c o n s o l i d a t e s t i l l f u r t h e r their unbounded love and loyalty to the Soviet people, t o t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t o a l l the peoples a n d c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r ties o f t h e socialist c a m p , b a s e d a l w a y s o n t h e M a r xist-Leninist teachings. O u r P a r t y considers t h a t f r i e n d s h i p m u s t b e based o n justice, m u t u a l respect a n d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . T h i s i s w h a t t h e 1957 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n says a n d t h i s i s w h a t i s stressed i n t h e d r a f t - S t a t e m e n t w h i c h h a s b e e n s u b m i t t e d t o us. W e d e clare i n a l l earnestness t h a t t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d the A l b a n i a n people w i l l be, a s a l w a y s , determined fighters for the strengthening of relat i o n s a n d u n i t y i n t h e socialist c a m p a n d t h e i n ternational communist movement. T h e A l b a n i a n people w i l l t h r o w themselves i n to the flames for their true friends, a n d the Soviet U n i o n i s s u c h a f r i e n d o f t h e A l b a n i a n people. A n d these a r e n o t e m p t y w o r d s . I a m e x p r e s s i n g h e r e the s e n t i m e n t s o f o u r people a n d o f o u r P a r t y , a n d let n o one e v e r t h i n k t h a t w e l o v e t h e S o v i e t U n i o n and the Communist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n for

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the sake of s o m e one's b e a u t i f u l eyes or to p l e a s e some i n d i v i d u a l , b u t because w i t h o u t t h e S o v i e t Union there w o u l d be no free life in the w o r l d today, f a s c i s m a n d c a p i t a l i s t t e r r o r w o u l d r e i g n supreme. T h i s i s w h y w e l o v e a n d w i l l a l w a y s b e loyal to the Soviet U n i o n and to the P a r t y of the great L e n i n .

Dear Comrades! I n t h e 1957 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a s w e l l a s i n the d r a f t - S t a t e m e n t s u b m i t t e d to us, it is p o i n t e d out that r e v i s i o n i s m constitutes t o d a y t h e p r i n c i p a l danger i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t . I n t h e 1957 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n i t i s r i g h t l y stressed t h a t t h e e x i s t e n c e o f b o u r g e o i s i n fluence i s the i n t e r n a l source o f r e v i s i o n i s m , w h i l e c a p i t u l a t i o n t o t h e p r e s s u r e o f i m p e r i a l i s m i s its e x t e r n a l s o u r c e . E x p e r i e n c e has f u l l y c o r r o b o r a t e d that, d i s g u i s e d u n d e r p s e u d o - M a r x i s t a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y slogans, m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m has t r i e d b y all manner of means to discredit our great doctrine, M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , w h i c h it has dubbed as outdated a n d n o l o n g e r c o m p a t i b l e w i t h s o c i a l d e velopment. H i d i n g b e h i n d the s l o g a n o f c r e a t i v e M a r x i s m , of n e w conditions, the revisionists have striven, o n one h a n d , t o d e p r i v e M a r x i s m o f i t s r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t a n d t o u n d e r m i n e the belief o f the w o r k i n g class a n d t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e i n s o c i a l i s m and, o n the other, t o use a l l the m e a n s i n t h e i r power t o p r e t t i f y i m p e r i a l i s m , d e s c r i b i n g i t a s m o -

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derate a n d p e a c e f u l . D u r i n g t h e t h r e e years that h a v e elapsed since the M o s c o w C o n f e r e n c e , it has been f u l l y c o n f i r m e d t h a t t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s are n o t h i n g b u t s p l i t t e r s o f the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d of t h e socialist c a m p , l o y a l l a c k e y s of i m p e r i a l i s m , a v o w e d enemies of s o c i a l i s m a n d of the w o r k i n g class. L i f e i t s e l f has d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t u n t i l n o w the s t a n d a r d - b e a r e r s of m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , its most aggressive a n d d a n g e r o u s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s are the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , t h e t r e a c h e r o u s c l i q u e of T i t o a n d c o m p a n y . A t t h e t i m e w h e n the M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n w a s a p p r o v e d , this h o s t i l e g r o u p , agents o f U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , w e r e n o t p u b l i c l y d e n o u n c e d , a l t h o u g h , i n o u r o p i n i o n , t h e r e w e r e e n o u g h facts and i n f o r m a t i o n to w a r r a n t such a thing. Not only that, b u t l a t e r on, w h e n t h e d a n g e r i t p r e s e n t e d b e came m o r e evident, the f i g h t a g a i n s t Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m , t h e c o n s i s t e n t a n d ceaseless f i g h t t o s m a s h i t i d e o l o g i c a l l y a n d p o l i t i c a l l y , w a s not c o n d u c t e d w i t h the p r o p e r i n t e n s i t y . O n t h e c o n t r a r y , this has been a n d i s t h e s o u r c e o f m a n y e v i l s a n d much damage to our international communist and workers' movement. In the opinion of our Party, the reason w h y T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p has not been t o t a l l y e x p o s e d , w h y false hopes h a v e a r i s e n f o r a n alleged i m p r o v e m e n t a n d p o s i t i v e t u r n of this t r e a c h e r o u s g r o u p is because comrade K h r u s h c h e v a n d some o t h e r S o v i e t leaders m a i n t a i n a conciliatory attitude towards, erroneous views about, a n d an i n c o r r e c t assessment of this d a n g e r o u s Titoite revisionist group.

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I t has b e e n s a i d t h a t J . V . S t a l i n w a s m i s t a k e n i n assessing t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d i n s h a r pening h i s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e m . O u r P a r t y has never endorsed such a view, because time a n d e x perience has p r o v e n t h e c o n t r a r y . S t a l i n m a d e a very correct assessment o f t h e d a n g e r o f t h e Y u g o s lav r e v i s i o n i s t s , h e t r i e d t o settle this a f f a i r a t t h e proper m o m e n t a n d i n a M a r x i s t w a y . T h e I n f o r m B u r e a u , as a c o l l e c t i v e o r g a n , w a s c a l l e d t o g e t h e r at that time and, after the Titoite group was exposed, a m e r c i l e s s b a t t l e w a s w a g e d a g a i n s t it. T i m e has p r o v e n o v e r a n d o v e r a g a i n t h a t s u c h a t h i n g was necessary a n d correct. The P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a has always held the o p i n i o n a n d i s c o n v i n c e d t h a t T i t o ' s g r o u p a r e traitors t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a g e n t s o f i m p e r i a l i s m , dangerous e n e m i e s o f t h e socialist c a m p a n d o f t h e entire i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e ment, t h e r e f o r e a m e r c i l e s s b a t t l e s h o u l d be w a g e d against t h e m . W e , o n o u r p a r t , h a v e w a g e d a n d c o n tinue t o w a g e t h i s b a t t l e a s i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t c o m m u nists a n d also because w e h a v e f e l t a n d c o n t i n u e t o feel o n o u r o w n b a c k s the b u r d e n o f the h o s t i l e a c t i v i t y o f T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e against o u r P a r t y a n d our c o u n t r y . B u t t h i s s t a n d o f o u r P a r t y has not been a n d i s n o t t o the l i k i n g o f c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v and c e r t a i n o t h e r c o m r a d e s . The Titoite group have long been a group of T r o t s k y i t e s a n d renegades. F o r the P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a , at least, t h e y h a v e been s u c h since 1942, that is, since 18 y e a r s ago.

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A s f a r back a s 1942, w h e n the w a r o f the A l b a n i a n people s u r g e d f o r w a r d , the B e l g r a d e T r o t s k y i t e g r o u p d i s g u i s i n g t h e m s e l v e s a s f r i e n d s and abusing our trust in them tried their uttermost t o h i n d e r the d e v e l o p m e n t o f o u r a r m e d s t r u g g l e , t o h a m p e r the c r e a t i o n o f p o w e r f u l A l b a n i a n p a r t i s a n f i g h t i n g detachments, a n d , since i t w a s i m p o s s i b l e t o stop t h e m , t o p u t t h e m u n d e r t h e i r d i r e c t political and military control. T h e y attempted to m a k e e v e r y t h i n g dependent o n B e l g r a d e , a n d o u r P a r t y a n d o u r p a r t i s a n a r m y m e r e appendages o f the Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d the Y u g o s l a v National-liberation A r m y . O u r P a r t y , w h i l e p r e s e r v i n g its f r i e n d s h i p w i t h t h e Y u g o s l a v p a r t i s a n s , s u c c e s s f u l l y resisted these diabolical intentions. It was at that time that the T i t o i t e g r o u p t r i e d t o f o u n d the B a l k a n F e d e r a t i o n u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f t h e B e l g r a d e T i t o i t e s , t o h i t c h the C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s t o t h e c h a r i o t o f t h e Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , t o place the p a r t i s a n a r m i e s o f the B a l k a n peoples u n d e r t h e Y u g o s l a v T i t o i t e staff. I t w a s t o this e n d that, i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h the B r i t i s h , t h e y t r i e d t o set u p the B a l k a n S t a f f a n d t o place it, t h a t i s t o say, t o place o u r a r m i e s u n d e r the direction of the A n g l o - A m e r i c a n s . O u r P a r t y s u c c e s s f u l l y resisted these d i a b o l i c schemes. A n d w h e n the b a n n e r o f l i b e r a t i o n w a s h o i s t e d i n T i r a na, the T i t o i t e g a n g i n B e l g r a d e i s s u e d orders t o t h e i r agents i n A l b a n i a t o d i s c r e d i t t h e success o f the A l b a n i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d t o o r g a n i z e a putsch t o o v e r t h r o w the l e a d e r s h i p o f o u r P a r t y

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w h i c h g u i d e d the N a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n W a r a n d l e d the A l b a n i a n people t o v i c t o r y . T h e f i r s t putsch was o r g a n i z e d b y T i t o t h r o u g h h i s secret agents w i t h i n o u r P a r t y . B u t the A l b a n i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y frustrated this plot of Tito's. The Belgrade plotters did not lay d o w n their a r m s a n d , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e i r agent i n o u r P a r t y , the t r a i t o r K o i X o x e , c o n t i n u e d the r e - o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e i r p l o t a g a i n s t n e w A l b a n i a i n other forms, n e w f o r m s (5). T h e i r i n t e n t i o n w a s t o t u r n A l b a n i a into a seventh Republic of Y u g o s l a v i a . At a time w h e n our c o u n t r y h a d been devasted and laid waste and needed to be completely rebuilt, w h e n o u r people w e r e w i t h o u t f o o d a n d s h e l t e r b u t w i t h h i g h m o r a l e , w h e n o u r people a n d a r m y , w e a pons i n h a n d , k e p t v i g i l a n t g u a r d a g a i n s t t h e plots of reaction organized by the Anglo-U.S. military missions w h o threatened A l b a n i a w i t h a n e w i n v a sion, w h e n a l a r g e p a r t o f t h e A l b a n i a n p a r t i s a n a r m y h a d crossed t h e b o r d e r a n d h a d gone t o t h e a i d o f the Y u g o s l a v b r o t h e r s , f i g h t i n g side b y side w i t h t h e m a n d together liberating Montenegro, Bosnia, Herzegovina, K o s o v a and Metohia and M a cedonia, t h e B e l g r a d e p l o t t e r s h a t c h e d u p schemes to enslave A l b a n i a . B u t o u r P a r t y o f f e r e d h e r o i c resistance t o these secret agents w h o posed a s c o m m u n i s t s . W h e n the B e l g r a d e T r o t s k y i t e s r e a l i z e d t h a t t h e y h a d lost t h e i r case, t h a t o u r P a r t y w a s s m a s h i n g t h e i r plots, t h e y p l a y e d t h e i r last c a r d , n a m e l y , t o i n v a d e A l b a n i a w i t h t h e i r a r m y , t o c r u s h a l l resistance, t o arrest t h e leaders o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a

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a n d o f the A l b a n i a n S t a t e a n d t o p r o c l a i m A l b a n i a a seventh Republic of Y u g o s l a v i a . O u r P a r t y defeated this d i a b o l i c s c h e m e of t h e i r s also. J o s e p h S t a l i n ' s a i d a n d i n t e r v e n t i o n a t these m o m e n t s w a s decisive f o r o u r P a r t y a n d f o r the f r e e d o m o f t h e A l b a n i a n people. P r e c i s e l y a t t h i s t i m e the I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u e x p o s e d the T i t o c l i q u e . S t a l i n a n d the S o v i e t U n i o n s a v e d the A l b a n i a n people f o r the second t i m e . The Information B u r e a u brought about the defeat of the conspiracies of the T i t o clique, n o t o n l y i n A l b a n i a b u t also i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s o f P e o ple's D e m o c r a c y . P o s i n g a s c o m m u n i s t s , t h e r e n e gade a n d agent o f i m p e r i a l i s m , T i t o , a n d h i s g a n g , t r i e d t o alienate t h e c o u n t r i e s o f P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y i n the B a l k a n s a n d C e n t r a l E u r o p e f r o m t h e f r i e n d s h i p a n d w a r t i m e a l l i a n c e w i t h the S o v i e t U n i o n , t o d e s t r o y the communist and workers' parties o f o u r c o u n t r i e s a n d t o t u r n o u r States i n t o reserves o f A n g l o - A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s m . W h o was there w h o d i d not k n o w about a n d see in a c t i o n the h o s t i l e schemes of i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its l o y a l s e r v i t o r T i t o ? E v e r y b o d y k n e w , e v e r y b o d y learned, a n d a l l u n a n i m o u s l y a p p r o v e d the c o r r e c t decisions o f the Information Bureau. Everyone w i t h o u t e x c e p t i o n a p p r o v e d the R e s o l u t i o n s o f t h e Information B u r e a u w h i c h , in our opinion, w e r e a n d s t i l l are correct. T h o s e w h o d i d not w a n t t o see a n d u n d e r s t a n d these acts of this c r i m i n a l g a n g h a d a second c h a n c e to do so in the H u n g a r i a n counter-revolution and i n the u n c e a s i n g p l o t s against A l b a n i a . T h e w o l f

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m a y c h a n g e h i s coat b u t he r e m a i n s a w o l f . T i t o and his gang m a y resort to trickery, m a y t r y to disguise themselves, b u t t h e y are t r a i t o r s , c r i m i n a l s a n d agents o f i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e y are the m u r d e r e r s of the heroic Yugoslav internationalist communists a n d t h u s t h e y w i l l r e m a i n a n d t h u s t h e y w i l l act u n t i l t h e y a r e w i p e d out. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a c o n s i d e r s the decisions t a k e n against T i t o ' s r e n e g a d e g r o u p b y the I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u n o t a s d e c i s i o n s t a k e n b y c o m r a d e S t a l i n p e r s o n a l l y b u t a s decisions t a k e n by all the parties that made up the Information B u r e a u . A n d n o t o n l y b y these p a r t i e s alone b u t also b y t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s w h i c h d i d not t a k e p a r t i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u . S i n c e this w a s a m a t t e r t h a t c o n c e r n e d a l l the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s , i t also c o n c e r n e d t h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a w h i c h , h a v i n g received and s t u d i e d a c o p y of the l e t t e r c o m r a d e s S t a l i n a n d M o l o t o v h a d w r i t t e n t o the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , e n d o r s e d i n f u l l both the l e t t e r a n d the decisions o f the I n f o r m a t i o n Bureau. W h y t h e n w a s the change o f a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , adopted by comrade K h r u s h c h e v a n d t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the S o viet U n i o n i n 1955, n o t m a d e a n issue f o r c o n s u l t a t i o n i n the n o r m a l w a y w i t h t h e o t h e r c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, b u t w a s c o n c e i v e d a n d c a r ried out so hastily and in a u n i l a t e r a l w a y ? This was a m a t t e r t h a t c o n c e r n e d us a l l . T h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s h a d e i t h e r opposed M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m

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a n d the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties o f t h e w o r l d or they had not; either they were w r o n g , or we, not o n l y S t a l i n , h a d e r r e d against t h e m . I t w a s not u p t o c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v t o settle this a f f a i r a t h i s o w n d i s c r e t i o n . B u t i n fact, t h a t i s w h a t he d i d and this change of attitude in the relations w i t h the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s i s c o n n e c t e d w i t h his v i s i t t o B e l g r a d e . T h i s w a s a b o m b s h e l l t o t h e Party of Labor of A l b a n i a w h i c h immediately opposed i t c a t e g o r i c a l l y . B e f o r e c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v set o u t f o r B e l g r a d e i n M a y 1955, t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a sent a letter to the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n i n w h i c h i t e x p r e s s e d t h e opposition of our P a r t y to his going to Belgrade, stressing t h a t the Y u g o s l a v issue c o u l d n o t b e settled in a u n i l a t e r a l w a y b u t t h a t a m e e t i n g of t h e Information B u r e a u should be called to w h i c h it a s k e d that the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a l s o should be invited. It is there that this matter should h a v e b e e n settled a f t e r a c o r r e c t a n d l e n g t h y d i s cussion. O f course, f o r m a l l y w e h a d n o r i g h t t o d e c i d e whether comrade Khrushchev should or should not g o t o B e l g r a d e , a n d w e b a c k e d d o w n o n this, b u t i n essence w e w e r e r i g h t , a n d t i m e has c o n f i r m e d t h a t the Y u g o s l a v issue s h o u l d not b e settled i n this p r e c i p i t a t e w a y . T h e slogan o f o v e r r i d i n g interests w a s l a u n ched, the second R e s o l u t i o n of t h e I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u w a s s p e e d i l y r e v o k e d , the epoch o f r e c o n c i l i a t i o n w i t h the Y u g o s l a v c o m r a d e s began, t h e

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conspirators, w h e r e v e r they were, w e r e r e - e x a m i ned and re-habilitated a n d the Yugoslav c o m r a des c a m e off u n s c a t h e d , s t r u t t e d l i k e peacocks, trumpeted abroad that their just cause h a d triumphed, that the criminal Stalin had trumped up a l l these t h i n g s a n d a s i t u a t i o n w a s created u n d e r w h i c h w h o e v e r r e f u s e d t o t a k e t h i s course was d u b b e d as a S t a l i n i s t w h o s h o u l d be done away with. O u r P a r t y refused to take such a conciliatory a n d o p p o r t u n i s t course. It s t o o d fast on correct M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t i d e o l o g i c a l g r o u n d s , f i g h t i n g the Yugoslav revisionists ideologically and politically. The Party of Labor of A l b a n i a remained unshaken i n its v i e w s t h a t t h e T i t o i t e g r o u p w e r e t r a i t o r s , renegades, T r o t s k y i t e s , s u b v e r s i o n i s t s a n d agents of the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s , t h a t the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a h a d not been mistaken about them. The P a r t y of Labor of Albania remained u n s h a k e n i n its v i e w t h a t c o m r a d e S t a l i n h a d not e r r e d i n t h i s m a t t e r , that, b y p u r s u i n g t h e i r t r e a cherous l i n e , t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a d a t t e m p t e d t o e n slave A l b a n i a a n d , t h r o u g h h a t c h i n g u p a n u m b e r of international plots w i t h the A n g l o - A m e r i c a n i m perialists, t h e y h a d t r i e d t o p l u n g e A l b a n i a i n t o i n ternational conflicts. O n t h e other h a n d , the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a w a s i n f a v o r o f e s t a b l i s h i n g state r e l a t i o n s o f good n e i g h b o r l i n e s s , t r a d e a n d c u l t u r a l r e l a t i o n s w i t h the P e o p l e ' s F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c o f Y u g o s l a v i a p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e n o r m s o f p e a c e f u l co-existence b e t w e e n states o f d i f f e r e n t r e g i m e s w e r e o b s e r v e d ,

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because as f a r as t h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a is concerned, T i t o i t e Y u g o s l a v i a has n o t been, is not, a n d w i l l n e v e r be a socialist c o u n t r y so l o n g as it is h e a d e d by a g r o u p of renegades a n d agents of imperialism. N o open o r d i s g u i s e d a t t e m p t w i l l m a k e t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t u r n f r o m this c o r r e c t stand. It was futile for the C e n t r a l Committee of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n t o t r y t o persuade u s t h r o u g h c o m r a d e S u s l o v t o e l i m i n a t e the q u e s t i o n o f K o i X o x e f r o m the R e p o r t s u b m i t t e d a t o u r 3 r d C o n g r e s s i n M a y 1956, f o r t h a t would mean negating our struggle and our p r i n c i pled s t a n d . In A l b a n i a , the T i t o i t e s a w s t r u c k a n a i l , or, as T i t o says, A l b a n i a w a s a t h o r n in h i s flesh a n d , of course, the t r e a c h e r o u s T i t o i t e g r o u p c o n t i n u e d t h e i r b a t t l e against the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , t h i n k i n g that they were exposing us by dubbing us Stalinists. The Belgrade group did not confine their fight against u s t o p r o p a g a n d a alone b u t t h e y c o n t i n u e d t h e i r espionage, s u b v e r s i o n , plots, d i s p a t c h i n g a r m e d bands i n t o o u r c o u n t r y m o r e i n t e n s i v e l y t h a n i n 1948. T h e s e a r e a l l facts. B u t t h e t r a g e d y i s that, w h i l e the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a m o u n t e d g u a r d against t h e b i t t e r a n d r e p e a t e d attacks b y the Y u g o s l a v revisionists, its u n s h a k e n , p r i n c i p l e d , Marxist-Leninist stand was in opposition to the conc i l i a t o r y s t a n d of t h e S o v i e t leaders a n d of c e r t a i n other c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s t o w a r d s t h e Yugoslav revisionists.

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T h e n i t w a s l o u d l y p r o c l a i m e d a n d w r i t t e n that Y u g o s l a v i a is a s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y a n d t h i s is a fact, that the Y u g o s l a v c o m m u n i s t s possess a g r e a t e x perience a n d g r e a t m e r i t s , t h a t the Y u g o s l a v e x p e r i e n c e deserves g r e a t e r i n t e r e s t a n d m o r e att e n t i v e study, t h a t the p e r i o d of d i s p u t e s a n d misunderstandings is not due to Yugoslavia and that great i n j u s t i c e h a d b e e n done to it, a n d so on a n d so f o r t h . T h i s , of course, g a v e h e a r t to T i t o ' s c l i q u e w h o t h o u g h t t h e y h a d w o n e v e r y t h i n g except that t h e r e w a s s t i l l t h a t t h o r n i n t h e i r flesh which they thought of isolating and then liquidat i n g . B u t n o t o n l y c o u l d o u r P a r t y n o t b e isolated, m u c h less l i q u i d a t e d , b u t t i m e p r o v e d t h a t the v i e w s o f o u r P a r t y w e r e correct. M u c h p r e s s u r e has been e x e r t e d o n o u r P a r t y over t h i s s t a n d . T h e A l b a n i a n leaders w e r e c o n s i dered h o t - b l o o d e d a n d s t u b b o r n , e x a g g e r a t i n g m a t t e r s w i t h Y u g o s l a v i a , u n j u s t l y h a r a s s i n g the Y u g o s l a v s , etc. T h e attack against o u r P a r t y i n this d i r e c t i o n has b e e n l e d b y C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v . S o f a r , I h a v e m e n t i o n e d i n b r i e f w h a t the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e done against o u r c o u n t r y d u r i n g a n d a f t e r the w a r , a f t e r 1948, b u t I w i l l d w e l l a l i t t l e also o n t h e events p r i o r t o the H u n g a r i a n c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n w h i c h i s the w o r k o f Y u goslav agents. T h e t r e a c h e r o u s B e l g r a d e g r o u p began to o r g a n i z e a c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n in A l b a n i a also. H a d o u r P a r t y m a d e the m i s t a k e o f j o i n i n g i n the c o n c i l i a t i o n w a l t z w i t h the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s as K h r u s h c h e v p r e a c h e d a f t e r 1955, t h e n the people's d e m o c r a c y i n A l b a n i a w o u l d h a v e gone d o w n

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the d r a i n . W e , A l b a n i a n s , w o u l d n o t h a v e been h e r e i n t h i s h a l l b u t w o u l d h a v e been s t i l l f i g h t i n g i n our mountains. F i r m l y united b y steel-like bonds, our P a r t y a n d people k e p t t h e i r eyes w i d e open a n d d i s c o v e r e d a n d u n m a s k e d T i t o ' s spies i n o u r Central Committee who worked in collusion with the Y u g o s l a v L e g a t i o n i n T i r a n a . T i t o sent w o r d t o these t r a i t o r s , s a y i n g t h a t t h e y h a d p r e c i p i t a t e d things, t h a t t h e y s h o u l d h a v e w a i t e d f o r h i s o r d e r s . T h e s e spies a n d t r a i t o r s also w r o t e t o c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v t o i n t e r v e n e against t h e C e n t r a l C o m mittee o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a . T h e s e a r e d o c u m e n t e d facts. T i t o ' s i n t e n t i o n w a s t o c o o r d i n a t e the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n in Albania w i t h that of Hungary. O u r 3rd Congress was to be held f o l l o w i n g the 20th C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e Y u g o s l a v agents t h o u g h t t h a t the t i m e h a d come t o o v e r t h r o w t h e obstinate S t a l i n i s t A l banian leadership and organized a plot w h i c h was d i s c o v e r e d a n d c r u s h e d a t the P a r t y C o n f e r e n c e o f T i r a n a i n A p r i l 1956. T h e p l o t t e r s r e c e i v e d the s t e r n punishment they deserved. T i t o ' s o t h e r d a n g e r o u s agents, D a l i N d r e u a n d L i r i G e g a , r e c e i v e d o r d e r s f r o m T i t o t o flee t o Y u g o s l a v i a f o r t h e y w e r e i n d a n g e r a n d because a c t i vities against the P a r t y o f L a b o r w e r e t o b e o r g a nized f r o m Y u g o s l a v territory. O u r P a r t y was f u l l y a w a r e o f T i t o ' s a c t i v i t y a n d secret orders. I t w a s wide awake and caught the traitors right on the b o r d e r w h e n t h e y w e r e t r y i n g t o flee. T h e t r a i t o r s

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were brought to court and were executed. A l l the Y u g o s l a v agents w h o w e r e p r e p a r i n g the c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n i n A l b a n i a w e r e detected a n d w i p e d o u t . T o o u r a m a z e m e n t c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v c a m e out against u s i n defense o f these t r a i t o r s a n d Y u goslav agents. H e accused u s o f h a v i n g s h o t t h e Y u g o s l a v agent, t h e t r a i t r e s s L i r i G e g a , a l l e g e d l y w h e n she w a s p r e g n a n t , a t h i n g w h i c h h a d n o t h a p pened e v e n a t t h e t i m e o f t h e C z a r , a n d t h i s h a d made a b a d i m p r e s s i o n o n w o r l d o p i n i o n . T h e s e were slanders t r u m p e d up by the Yugoslavs in w h o m comrade Khrushchev had more faith than i n us. W e o f course d e n i e d a l l these i n s i n u a t i o n s made b y c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v . B u t comrade K h r u s h c h e v ' s incorrect, u n p r i n c i pled a n d h o s t i l e s t a n d t o w a r d s o u r P a r t y a n d its l e a d e r s h i p d i d n o t stop t h e r e . T h e o t h e r Y u g o s l a v agent a n d t r a i t o r t o t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d t o the A l b a n i a n people, P a n a j o t P l a k u , f l e d t o Y u g o s l a v i a a n d p l a c e d h i m s e l f i n t h e s e r v i c e o f the Yugoslavs. He organized the hostile broadcasts f r o m the s o c a l l e d S o c i a l i s t A l b a n i a r a d i o s t a t i o n . T h i s traitor wrote to bandit Tito and comrade K h r u s h chev a s k i n g the l a t t e r t o use h i s a u t h o r i t y t o e l i m i nate t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f A l b a n i a h e a d e d b y E n v e r H o x h a under the pretext that we were a n t i - M a r xists a n d S t a l i n i s t s . F a r f r o m b e i n g i n d i g n a n t a t t h e letter o f this t r a i t o r , c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v e x p r e s sed the o p i n i o n t h a t P a n a j o t P l a k u c o u l d r e t u r n to A l b a n i a on condition that we do nothing to him, or he could f i n d political a s y l u m in the Soviet U n i o n . W e felt a s i f t h e w a l l s o f the K r e m l i n h a d

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d r o p p e d o n o u r heads, f o r w e c o u l d n e v e r i m a g i n e that t h e F i r s t S e c r e t a r y o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n c o u l d go so f a r as to s u p p o r t T i t o ' s agents a n d t r a i t o r s t o o u r P a r t y against o u r P a r t y a n d o u r people. B u t the c u l m i n a t i o n o f o u r p r i n c i p l e d o p p o s i tion o v e r t h e Y u g o s l a v issue w i t h c o m r a d e K h r u s h chev w a s r e a c h e d w h e n , f a c e d w i t h o u r p r i n c i p l e d persistence i n the e x p o s u r e o f t h e B e l g r a d e T i t o i t e agents, h e w a s s o e n r a g e d that, d u r i n g the o f f i c i a l t a l k s b e t w e e n t h e t w o delegations i n A p r i l 1957, s a i d t o u s a n g r i l y : We s u s p e n d t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s . W e c o m e t o t e r m s w i t h y o u . Y o u are s e e k i n g t o l e a d u s to S t a l i n ' s w a y s . We were disgusted at such an u n f r i e n d l y stand taken by comrade K h r u s h c h e v w h o intended to b r e a k off t h e t a l k s , w h i c h w o u l d m e a n a n a g g r a vation of relations w i t h the A l b a n i a n P a r t y and State over the question of the traitors to M a r x i s m Leninism, the Tito group. We could never have a g r e e d o n this m a t t e r , b u t w e , w h o h a d been accused o f b e i n g h o t - b l o o d e d , k e p t c a l m , f o r w e w e r e convinced that we w e r e in the right, and not c o m rade Khrushchev, that the line we were pursuing w a s t h e correct one, and not that of c o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v , that our line w o u l d be confirmed again b y experience, a s i t h a s b e e n c o n f i r m e d m a n y t i m e s over. I n o u r o p i n i o n , the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n i n H u n gary was m a i n l y the w o r k of the Titoites. In Tito a n d t h e B e l g r a d e renegades, the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s

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had t h e i r best w e a p o n to d e s t r o y the people's democracy in H u n g a r y . A f t e r comrade Khrushchev's visit to Belgrade i n 1955, n o m o r e w a s s a i d a b o u t T i t o ' s u n d e r m i n i n g activity. T h e counter-revolution in H u n g a r y d i d not b r e a k o u t u n e x p e c t e d l y . I t w a s p r e p a r e d for, w e m i g h t say, q u i t e openly, a n d i t w o u l d b e f u t i l e f o r any one to t r y to c o n v i n c e us t h a t t h i s c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n w a s p r e p a r e d i n g r e a t secrecy. T h i s c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n w a s p r e p a r e d b y t h e agents o f the T i t o gang i n c o l l u s i o n w i t h the t r a i t o r I m r e N a g y , i n c o l l u s i o n w i t h the H u n g a r i a n fascists a n d a l l o f t h e m a c t e d o p e n l y u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f the A m e ricans. The scheme of the Titoites, w h o were the leaders, w a s f o r H u n g a r y t o b e d e t a c h e d f r o m o u r socialist c a m p , to be t u r n e d i n t o a second Y u g o s l a via, b e l i n k e d i n a l l i a n c e w i t h N A T O t h r o u g h Y u goslavia, G r e e c e a n d T u r k e y , t o r e c e i v e a i d f r o m the U . S . A . a n d , together w i t h Y u g o s l a v i a a n d u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s , t o c o n t i n u e the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t t h e socialist c a m p . The counter-revolutionaries w o r k e d openly in Hungary. B u t h o w is it that their activities attracted n o a t t e n t i o n ? W e c a n n o t u n d e r s t a n d h o w i t i s possible f o r T i t o a n d H o r t h y ' s b a n d s t o w o r k s o freely in a f r a t e r n a l c o u n t r y of P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y like H u n g a r y w h e r e t h e p a r t y w a s i n p o w e r a n d the weapons o f d i c t a t o r s h i p w e r e i n its hands, w h e r e the S o v i e t a r m y w a s present.

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W e t h i n k t h a t the s t a n d taken by comrade K h r u s h c h e v a n d the o t h e r S o v i e t comrades t o w a r d s H u n g a r y w a s n o t clear, because the g r e a t l y m i s t a k e n views w h i c h they held about the Belgrade g a n g d i d n o t a l l o w t h e m t o see the s i t u a t i o n c o r rectly. T h e S o v i e t comrades t r u s t e d I m r e N a g y , T i t o ' s m a n . We do not say this for n o t h i n g or w i t h o u t good g r o u n d s . B e f o r e the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n b r o k e out a n d w h e n t h i n g s w e r e b o i l i n g u p a t t h e P e t f i C l u b , I h a p p e n e d t o pass t h r o u g h M o s c o w , and in conversation w i t h Comrade Suslov told h i m w h a t I h a d seen o n m y w a y t h r o u g h B u d a p e s t . I t o l d h i m , too, t h a t I m r e N a g y w a s d e s e r t i n g a n d w a s o r g a n i z i n g a c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n at t h e P e t f i C l u b . C o m r a d e S u s l o v c a t e g o r i c a l l y opposed m y view, and in order to prove to me that Imre N a g y w a s a g o o d m a n , p u l l e d out o f h i s d r a w e r I m r e Nagy's fresh self-criticism. Nevertheless, I told Comrade Suslov that Imre N a g y was a traitor. W e w o n d e r a n d pose t h e l e g i t i m a t e q u e s t i o n : W h y do Comrade K h r u s h c h e v and Soviet comrades p a y f r e q u e n t v i s i t s t o B r i o n i t o t a l k w i t h the r e n e gade T i t o a b o u t the H u n g a r i a n e v e n t s ? I f t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s w e r e c o g n i z a n t o f the fact t h a t the T i t o i tes w e r e p r e p a r i n g f o r a c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n in a c o u n t r y o f o u r camp, i s i t p e r m i s s i b l e f o r t h e l e a ders o f the S o v i e t U n i o n t o g o a n d t a l k w i t h a n e n e m y w h o organizes plots a n d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n s i n socialist c o n t r i e s ?

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As a c o m m u n i s t P a r t y , as a state of P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y , as a m e m b e r of the W a r s a w T r e a t y a n d o f t h e socialist c a m p , w e a r e j u s t i f i e d i n a s k i n g C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v a n d the S o v i e t c o m r a d e s w h y s o m a n y m e e t i n g s w i t h T i t o a t B r i o n i i n 1956, w i t h this t r a i t o r to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a n d n o t a s i n g l e m e e t i n g w i t h o u r c o u n t r i e s , n o t a single m e e t i n g of the members of the W a r s a w Treaty? W h e n w i l l the m e m b e r s o f this W a r s a w T r e a t y meet, i f n o t w h e n one o f o u r c o u n t r i e s i s i n d a n g e r ? W h e t h e r to intervene or not to intervene w i t h a r m s i n H u n g a r y is, w e t h i n k , n o t w i t h i n the competence of one person alone; seeing t h a t w e h a v e set u p the W a r s a w T r e a t y , w e s h o u l d d e c i de j o i n t l y , because o t h e r w i s e it is of no use to speak of alliance, of the collective spirit and collaborat i o n a m o n g the p a r t i e s . T h e H u n g a r i a n c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n cost t o o u r c a m p b l o o d , i t cost H u n g a r y and the Soviet U n i o n blood. W h y w a s this b l o o d s h e d p e r m i t t e d a n d n o steps t a k e n t o p r e v e n t i t ? W e a r e o f the o p i n i o n t h a t no p r e l i m i n a r y steps c o u l d be t a k e n so l o n g as C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v a n d the S o v i e t c o m r a d e s p l a ced t h e i r t r u s t i n t h e o r g a n i z e r o f t h e H u n g a r i a n c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , t h e t r a i t o r T i t o , so l o n g as they set s o l i t t l e v a l u e o n t h e a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y r e g u l a r m e e t i n g s w i t h t h e i r f r i e n d s a n d allies, s o l o n g a s t h e y c o n s i d e r e d t h e i r u n i l a t e r a l decisions o n m a t ters t h a t c o n c e r n u s a l l a s the o n l y c o r r e c t ones, a n d so long as they attached no importance whatsoever t o c o l l e c t i v e w o r k a n d c o l l e c t i v e decisions.

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T h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a is not at all clear about this m a t t e r , h o w t h i n g s d e v e l o p e d a n d w h a t decisions w e r e t a k e n . A t a t i m e w h e n the T i t o i t e s are c o n d u c t i n g t a l k s a t B r i o n i w i t h the S o v i e t comrades, o n t h e one h a n d , a n d f e v e r i s h l y organizing counter-revolutions i n H u n g a r y and A l bania, o n the other, the S o v i e t c o m r a d e s m a k e not the slightest e f f o r t to i n f o r m o u r l e a d e r s h i p , at least as a m a t t e r of f o r m since we are allies, on w h a t i s h a p p e n i n g o r o n w h a t measures t h e y i n t e n d to take. B u t this is n o t a case of f o r m a l i t y . T h e S o v i e t comrades k n o w o n l y too w e l l w h a t the B e l grade gang thought of A l b a n i a and w h a t intentions they c h e r i s h e d . I n r e a l i t y , n o t o n l y i s this s t a n d o f the S o v i e t c o m r a d e s to be c o n d e m n e d b u t it is also incomprehensible. H u n g a r y w a s a great lesson f o r us, f o r w h a t w a s done, a n d f o r the d r a m a t h a t w a s p l a y e d o n the stage a n d b e h i n d the scenes there. W e b e l i e v e d that the H u n g a r i a n c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n w a s m o r e t h a n e n o u g h t o s h o w the b e t r a y a l o f T i t o a n d h i s gang. W e k n o w t h a t m a n y d o c u m e n t s are k e p t locked a w a y and are not brought to light, documents that expose t h e b a r b a r o u s a c t i v i t y o f T i t o ' s g r o u p i n the H u n g a r i a n events. W h y t h i s s h o u l d h a p p e n w e d o n o t u n d e r s t a n d . W h a t interests a r e h i d d e n b e h i n d these d o c u m e n t s w h i c h a r e n o t b r o u g h t to light but are kept under lock and key? To cond e m n S t a l i n a f t e r h i s death, the m o s t t r i f l i n g items w e r e searched out, w h i l e the d o c u m e n t s t h a t expose a v i l e t r a i t o r l i k e T i t o are l o c k e d a w a y in a d r a w e r .

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B u t e v e n a f t e r the H u n g a r i a n c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , t h e p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l f i g h t against the T i t o i t e g a n g , i n s t e a d o f b e c o m i n g m o r e intense, a s M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m demands, was played down, l e a d i n g t o r e c o n c i l i a t i o n , smiles, contacts, m o d e r a t i o n a n d a l m o s t t o kisses. I n fact, t h a n k s t o this o p p o r t u n i s t a t t i t u d e , t h e T i t o i t e s got o u t of this predicament. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a w a s opposed t o the l i n e f o l l o w e d b y C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v a n d the other c o m r a d e s t o w a r d s t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o nists. O u r P a r t y ' s b a t t l e a g a i n s t t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s c o n tinued w i t h even more fury. M a n y friends and comrades, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e S o v i e t a n d B u l g a r i a n comrades, b e i n g u n a b l e t o attack o u r correct l i n e , r i d i c u l e d us, s m i l e d , a n d w i t h t h e i r f r i e n d l y contacts w i t h t h e T i t o i t e s , i s o l a t e d o u r people e v e r y w h e r e . W e h a d h o p e d that, a f t e r t h e 7 t h T i t o i t e C o n gress, e v e n t h e b l i n d , let a l o n e the M a r x i s t s , w o u l d see w i t h w h o m t h e y w e r e d e a l i n g a n d w h a t t h e y s h o u l d do. U n f o r t u n a t e l y , t h i n g s d i d n o t t u r n out that w a y . N o t l o n g a f t e r t h e 7 t h T i t o i t e Congress, the e x p o s u r e o f r e v i s i o n i s m w a s t o n e d d o w n . T h e Soviet theoretical publications spoke of every k i n d of revisionism, even of revisionism in H o n o l u l u , but had v e r y little to say about Y u g o s l a v revisionism. T h i s i s l i k e s a y i n g : don't see t h e w o l f b e f o r e y o u r eyes b u t l o o k f o r its t r a c k s . S l o g a n s w e r e l a u n c h e d : D o n ' t speak a n y m o r e o f T i t o a n d h i s g a n g , f o r t h a t w i l l f a n t h e i r v a n i t y , don't speak a n y more of T i t o and his group, for that w o u l d h a r m

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the Y u g o s l a v people, don't speak of the T i t o i t e renegades, f o r T i t o m a k e s use o f w h a t w e s a y t o m o b i l i z e the Y u g o s l a v peoples against o u r camp, etc. M a n y parties a d o p t e d these slogans w h i l e o u r P a r t y d i d not, a n d w e t h i n k w e a c t e d c o r r e c t l y . S u c h a situation was created that the press o f f r i e n d l y c o u n t r i e s accepted a r t i c l e s f r o m A l b a n i a n writers only provided they made no mention of the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s . E v e r y w h e r e i n the c o u n t r i e s o f People's D e m o c r a c y , except i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a w h e r e , i n g e n e r a l , t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k c o m r a d e s assessed o u r a c t i v i t i e s correctly, our Ambassadors w e r e i s o l a t e d i n a r o u n d a b o u t w a y , because t h e diplomats of friendly countries preferred to converse w i t h the T i t o i t e d i p l o m a t s w h i l e t h e y h a t e d o u r d i p l o m a t s a n d d i d n o t w a n t e v e n t o set eyes on them. A n d things w e n t s o far that C o m r a d e K h r u s h chev m a d e h i s c o m i n g t o A l b a n i a i n M a y 1959 a t the h e a d o f t h e S o v i e t P a r t y a n d G o v e r n m e n t D e l e g a t i o n c o n d i t i o n a l o n the Y u g o s l a v issue. T h e f i r s t thing C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v said at the beginning of talks in T i r a n a was to i n f o r m everybody at the m e e t i n g that h e w o u l d n o t t a l k against the Y u g o s l a v revisionists, a t h i n g w h i c h n o one c o u l d c o m p e l h i m t o do, b u t a s t a t e m e n t o f this k i n d w a s i n t e n ded t o s h o w q u i t e o p e n l y t h a t h e d i s a g r e e d w i t h the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a o n t h i s issue. W e respected the w i s h e s o f the guest d u r i n g the w h o l e t i m e h e s t a y e d i n A l b a n i a , r e g a r d l e s s o f the fact t h a t t h e T i t o i t e press w a s h i g h l y e l a t e d a n d d i d n o t f a i l t o w r i t e that K h r u s h c h e v h a d shut

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the m o u t h s o f t h e A l b a n i a n s . T h i s , i n fact, r e s ponded to reality, but C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v was very far f r o m persuading us on this matter and t h e T i t o i t e s l e a r n e d t h a t q u i t e c l e a r l y , because a f t e r our guest's d e p a r t u r e f r o m o u r c o u n t r y , the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a felt n o l o n g e r b o u n d b y the c o n d i t i o n s p u t u p o n u s b y o u r guest a n d c o n t i n u e d o n its o w n M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t w a y . In his talks w i t h V u k m a n o v i c h Tempo, among others, C o m r a d e Khrushchev has c o m p a r e d o u r s t a n d , a s f a r a s its t o n e i s c o n c e r n e d , w i t h t h a t o f the Y u g o s l a v s a n d has s a i d t h a t h e d i d n o t agree w i t h the t o n e o f t h e A l b a n i a n s . W e c o n s i d e r t h a t C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v ' s statement to V u k m a n o v i c h T e m p o , t o t h i s e n e m y o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , o f the socialist c a m p a n d o f A l b a n i a , i s e r r o n e o u s a n d s h o u l d b e c o n d e m n e d . W e h o l d t h a t o n e s h o u l d get w h a t h e deserves a n d w e , o n o u r p a r t , disagree w i t h C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v ' s conciliary tone tow a r d s the r e v i s i o n i s t s , f o r o u r people s a y one should speak in a h a r s h tone to the e n e m y a n d w i t h honeyed tongue to the beloved. Some comrades h o l d the erroneous idea that w e m a i n t a i n this a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e T i t o i t e s b e cause, t h e y c l a i m , w e are a l l e g e d l y eager t o h o l d the b a n n e r o f the f i g h t against r e v i s i o n i s m o r because we v i e w this p r o b l e m f r o m a n a r r o w angle, f r o m a p u r e l y n a t i o n a l angle, t h e r e f o r e , t h e y c l a i m , w e have embarked, if not altogether on a chauvinist course, a t least o n t h a t o f n a r r o w n a t i o n a l i s m . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has v i e w e d a n d v i e w s the q u e s t i o n o f Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m t h r o u g h

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the prism of Marxism-Leninism, i t has v i e w e d , views, a n d f i g h t s i t a s t h e m a i n d a n g e r t o t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , as a d a n g e r to t h e u n i t y o f t h e socialist c a m p . B u t w h i l e b e i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t s w e are c o m m u n i s t o f a specific c o u n t r y , o f A l b a n i a . W e , A l b a n i a n communists, w o u l d not be called communists if we failed to defend consistently a n d w i t h determ i n a t i o n the f r e e d o m o f o u r s a c r e d c o u n t r y f r o m t h e plots a n d d i v e r s i o n i s t attacks o f T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e w h i c h are a i m e d a t the i n v a s i o n o f A l b a n i a , a fact w h i c h i s a l r e a d y k n o w n t o e v e r y o n e . C a n it be permissible for us A l b a n i a n communists t o let A l b a n i a become the p r e y o f T i t o , o f the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s , o f the G r e e k s o r o f the I t a l i a n s . N o , never! S o m e others a d v i s e us not to speak against the Y u g o s l a v s , s a y i n g w h y are y o u a f r a i d ? Y o u are d e f e n d e d b y the S o v i e t U n i o n ? W e h a v e t o l d these c o m r a d e s a n d t e l l t h e m a g a i n t h a t w e are a f r a i d neither of the Y u g o s l a v Trotskyites n o r of a n y one else. W e h a v e s a i d a n d say i t a g a i n that the S o v i e t U n i o n has d e f e n d e d , defends a n d w i l l d e f e n d us, b u t w e are M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d n o t f o r o n e m o m e n t s h o u l d w e d i m i n i s h the s t r u g g l e against the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d i m p e r i a l i s t s u n t i l w e w i p e t h e m out o f existence. B e c a u s e i f the S o v i e t U n i o n is to defend you, y o u must first defend yourself. T h e Y u g o s l a v s accuse u s o f a l l e g e d l y b e i n g chauvinists, of interfering in their i n t e r n a l affairs, a n d of d e m a n d i n g a r e c t i f i c a t i o n of t h e A l b a n i a n -

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Yugoslav borders. A n u m b e r of our friends t h i n k and i m p l y that we A l b a n i a n communists s w i m in such waters. We t e l l our friends w h o t h i n k thus that t h e y a r e g r o s s l y m i s t a k e n . W e a r e n o t c h a u vinists, we have neither demanded nor d e m a n d rectification of boundaries. B u t what we demand and w i l l c o n t i n u a l l y d e m a n d f r o m the Titoites, a n d w e w i l l e x p o s e t h e m t o t h e e n d f o r this, i s t h a t t h e y g i v e u p p e r p e t r a t i n g t h e c r i m e o f g e n o c i d e against the A l b a n i a n m i n o r i t y i n K o s o v a a n d M e t o h i a , t h a t they g i v e u p t h e w h i t e t e r r o r a g a i n s t the A l b a n i a n s o f K o s o v a , t h a t t h e y g i v e u p d r i v i n g the A l b a n i a n s f r o m t h e i r n a t i v e s o i l a n d d e p o r t i n g t h e m 'en m a s se' t o T u r k e y . W e d e m a n d t h a t t h e r i g h t s o f the Albanian minority in Yugoslavia should be recognized a c c o r d i n g t o t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n o f the P e o p l e ' s Federal Republic of Y u g o s l a v i a . Is this chauvinist or M a r x i s t ? T h i s i s o u r a t t i t u d e o n these m a t t e r s . B u t i f the T i t o i t e s speak of p e a c e f u l coexistence, of peace, o f g o o d n e i g h b o r l y r e l a t i o n s a n d , o n the o t h e r h a n d , o r g a n i z e plots, a n a r m y o f m e c e n a r i e s a n d fascists in Yugoslavia for the purpose of attacking our b o u n d a r i e s a n d o f c h o p p i n g u p socialist A l b a n i a , a n d s h a r i n g i t w i t h the G r e e k m o n a r c h o - f a s c i s t s , then, w e are c o n v i n c e d t h a t n o t o n l y t h e A l b a n i a n s i n n e w A l b a n i a b u t also t h e one m i l l i o n A l b a n i a n s l i v i n g u n d e r T i t o ' s b o n d a g e w i l l rise a r m s i n h a n d to stay the h a n d of the c r i m i n a l . A n d this is M a r x i s t a n d , i f a n y t h i n g h a p p e n s , this i s w h a t w i l l b e done. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a does n o t

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p e r m i t a n y one t o p l a y a t p o l i t i c s w i t h the r i g h t s o f the A l b a n i a n people. W e d o n o t i n t e r f e r e i n the i n t e r n a l a f f a i r s o f others b u t w h e n , as a r e s u l t of the s l a c k e n i n g of the f i g h t against Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m , t h i n g s g o s o far t h a t t h e r e i s p u b l i s h e d i n a f r i e n d l y c o u n t r y like B u l g a r i a a map of the B a l k a n s in w h i c h A l b a n i a i s i n c l u d e d w i t h i n the b o u n d a r i e s o f F e d e r a l Y u g o s l a v i a , w e c a n n o t k e e p silent. W e are t o l d t h a t this h a p p e n e d d u e to a t e c h n i c a l e r r o r of an e m ployee, b u t w h y h a d this n o t h a p p e n e d b e f o r e ? B u t t h i s i s n o t a n i s o l a t e d case. A t a m e e t i n g i n S r e m s k a M i t r o v i t s a , the b a n d i t R a n k o v i c h attacked A l b a n i a a s u s u a l a n d c a l l e d i t a h e l l w h e r e b a r b e d w i r e a n d the boots o f f r o n t i e r g u a r d s r e i g n supreme claiming that the democracy of the I t a l i a n neofascists w a s m o r e a d v a n c e d t h a n ours. Rankovich's words w o u l d be of no significance t o us, b u t these w o r d s w e r e l i s t e n e d t o w i t h t h e greatest s e r e n i t y b y the S o v i e t a n d B u l g a r i a n A m bassadors t o B e l g r a d e w h o a t t e n d e d this m e e t i n g , w i t h o u t t h e i r m a k i n g t h e slightest protest. W e p r o tested i n a c o m r a d e l y w a y o v e r this t o the C e n t r a l Committees of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n a n d the B u l g a r i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y . I n h i s letter o f r e p l y t o the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , c o m r a d e Z h i v k o v d a r e d to reject o u r p r o t e s t a n d c a l l t h e speech of the b a n d i t R a n k o v i c h a p o s i t i v e one. W e c o u l d n e v e r have imagined that the F i r s t Secretary of the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the B u l g a r i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y

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c o u l d d e s c r i b e as p o s i t i v e the speech of a b a n d i t like R a n k o v i c h w h o s o g r o s s l y i n s u l t s socialist A l b a n i a , l i k e n i n g i t t o h e l l . W e n o o n l y reject w i t h contempt this i m p e r m i s s i b l e i n s u l t b y t h e F i r s t S e c r e t a r y o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the B u l g a r i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y b u t w e are d e a d c e r t a i n t h a t the B u l g a r i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d t h e h e r o i c B u l g a r i a n people w o u l d b e u t t e r l y r e v o l t e d i f t h e y came t o h e a r o f this. T h i n g s w i l l n o t g o a n y too w e l l i f w e a l l o w s u c h gross m i s t a k e s t o w a r d s one another. W e c a n never, n e v e r agree w i t h C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v a n d w e p r o t e s t e d t o h i m a t the t i m e , over the t a l k s h e h a d w i t h S o p h o c l e s V e n i z e l o s i n connection w i t h the G r e e k m i n o r i t y i n A l b a n i a . C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v i s w e l l a w a r e t h a t the b o r d e r s of A l b a n i a are inviolable a n d sacred a n d that a n y o n e w h o touches t h e m i s a n aggressor. T h e A l b a n i a n people w i l l f i g h t t o t h e last d r o p o f t h e i r blood i f a n y one t o u c h e s t h e i r b o r d e r s . C o m r a d e Khrushchev was gravely mistaken w h e n he told V e n i z e l o s t h a t h e h a d seen G r e e k a n d A l b a n i a n s w o r k i n g together as brothers in K o r a . In K o r a , there i s n o G r e e k m i n o r i t y w h a t s o e v e r , b u t t h e r e i s the a g e - o l d covetousness o f t h e G r e e k s f o r t h e K o r a d i s t r i c t as f o r a l l A l b a n i a . T h e r e is a v e r y s m a l l Greek minority in Gjirokastra. Comrade K h r u s h chev k n o w s t h a t t h e y e n j o y a l l t h e r i g h t s , use t h e i r o w n l a n g u a g e , h a v e t h e i r o w n c h u r c h e s a n d schools in addition to all the rights that the other A l b a n i a n citizens e n j o y . T h e a m b i t i o n s o f t h e G r e e k s , a m o n g t h e m those

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o f Sophocles V e n i z e l o s , the s o n o f E l e f t h e r i o s V e nizelos w h o m u r d e r e d A l b a n i a n s and put whole districts o f s o u t h e r n A l b a n i a n t o t h e t o r c h , t h e f r e n z i e d G r e e k c h a u v i n i s t a n d f a t h e r o f the i d e a o f G r e a t Greece, a i m e d a t c u t t i n g u p A l b a n i a a n d a n n e x i n g i t u n d e r the s l o g a n o f a u t o n o m y , are very well known: Comrade Khrushchev is well a w a r e of the attitude of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a , o f t h e A l b a n i a n G o v e r n m e n t a n d people o n this question. Then, to fail to give Sophocles the a n s w e r h e deserves, t o p e r m i t t h e a r o u s i n g o f hopes a n d i l l u s i o n s a n d t o s a y t h a t h e w i l l t r a n s m i t t o the A l b a n i a n c o m r a d e s t h e desires of a B r i t i s h agent, a c h a u v i n i s t , t h i s is u n a c c e p t a b l e to us a n d deserves condemnation. Comrade K h r u s h c h e v , we have given our reply t o Sophocles V e n i z e l o s a n d w e b e l i e v e y o u h a v e l e a r n e d o f t h i s t h r o u g h t h e press. W e a r e not opposed t o y o u r p o l i t i c i z i n g w i t h S o p h o c l e s V e n i zelos b u t r e f r a i n f r o m p o l i t i c i z i n g w i t h o u r b o u n dairies and our rights, for we have not allowed nor w i l l we allow such a thing. A n d it is not as nationalists b u t a s i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t s t h a t w e d o this. S o m e m a y c o n s i d e r these t h i n g s I a m t e l l i n g y o u as out of place, as statements i n a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e l e v e l o f t h i s m e e t i n g . I t w o u l d not h a v e been h a r d f o r me to h a v e p u t t o g e t h e r a speech in an a l l e g e d l y t h e o r e t i c a l tone, t o h a v e s p o k e n i n gener a l i z a t i o n s a n d q u o t a t i o n s , to h a v e s u b m i t t e d a r e p o r t i n g e n e r a l t e r m s i n o r d e r t o please y o u a n d pass m y t u r n . B u t t o t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i t seems

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that this is not t h e occasion. W h a t I h a v e s a i d m a y a p p e a r to some as attacks, b u t these are c r i t i c i s m s w h i c h h a v e p u r s u e d t h e i r p r o p e r course, w h i c h h a v e b e e n m a d e b e f o r e , w h e n a n d w h e r e necess a r y w i t h i n L e n i n i s t n o r m s . B u t seeing t h a t one error follows another, it w o u l d be a mistake to keep s i l e n t because a t t i t u d e s , deeds a n d p r a c t i c e c o n f i r m , e n r i c h a n d create t h e o r y . H o w q u i c k l y the Bucharest Conference w a s organized and h o w q u i c k l y the Chinese C o m m u n i s t Party was condemned for dogmatism! B u t w h y has a C o n f e r e n c e to c o n d e m n r e v i s i o n i s m n o t been o r g a n i z e d a t t h e s a m e speed? Has revisionism been totally exposed as the Soviet comrades claim? No, in no w a y whatsoever! R e v i s i o n i s m has been a n d c o n t i n u e s t o b e t h e p r i n c i p a l danger, Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m has n o t b e e n l i q u i d a t e d a n d t h e w a y w e are d e a l i n g w i t h i t i s leaving it a clear field for all forms of action. A n d c a n i t b e s a i d t h a t t h e r e are n o d i s t u r b i n g manifestations of modern revisionism in other p a r t i e s ? A n y o n e w h o says no i s c l o s i n g his eyes t o this d a n g e r , a n d one f i n e d a y w e w i l l w a k e t o see t h a t u n e x p e c t e d t h i n g s h a v e h a p p e n e d to us. W e are M a r x i s t s a n d s h o u l d a n a l y z e o u r w o r k j u s t a s L e n i n d i d a n d t a u g h t u s t o do. H e w a s n o t a f r a i d o f m i s t a k e s , h e l o o k e d t h e m i n t h e eye a n d corrected t h e m . T h i s i s t h e w a y t h e B o l s h e v i k Party was tempered and this is the w a y our parties have been t e m p e r e d . B u t w h a t is happening in the ranks of o u r parties? W h a t i s h a p p e n i n g i n o u r c a m p s i n c e t h e

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20th C o n g r e s s ? C o m r a d e S u s l o v m a y f e e l o p t i mistic, a n d h e e x p r e s s e d t h i s f e e l i n g a t t h e O c t o b e r C o m m i t t e e m e e t i n g w h e n h e r e p r o a c h e d the d e legate o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , H y s n i K a p o , w i t h p e s s i m i s m i n o b s e r v i n g events. W e , A l b a n i a n C o m m u n i s t s , h a v e n o t been p e s s i m i s t i c e v e n a t t h e b l a c k e s t m o m e n t s o f the h i s t o r y o f o u r p a r t y a n d people a n d n e v e r w i l l be, b u t w e w i l l a l w a y s b e realists. M u c h has b e e n s a i d a b o u t o u r u n i t y . T h i s i s essential, a n d w e s h o u l d f i g h t t o s t r e n g t h e n a n d t e m p e r it. B u t t h e fact i s t h a t o n m a n y i m p o r t a n t issues o f p r i n c i p l e w e h a v e n o u n i t y . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s o f the o p i n i o n that things should be re-examined in the light of a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t analysis a n d errors should be corrected. Let us take the question of the criticism of Stalin and his work. O u r Party, as a M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t one, i s f u l l y a w a r e t h a t t h e c u l t o f t h e individual is an alien and dangerous manifestation f o r the p a r t i e s a n d f o r t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t itself. M a r x i s t p a r t i e s s h o u l d n o t o n l y n o t p e r m i t t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f the cult o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l w h i c h h a m p e r s the a c t i v i t y o f t h e masses, negates t h e i r role, is at v a r i a n c e w i t h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of the l i f e o f the p a r t y a n d w i t h t h e l a w s t h a t g o v e r n it, b u t s h o u l d also f i g h t w i t h m i g h t a n d m a i n t o u p r o o t i t w h e n i t begins t o a p p e a r o r h a s a l r e a d y appeared in a specific country. L o o k i n g at it f r o m this angle, w e f u l l y agree t h a t the cult o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l , S t a l i n , s h o u l d be c r i t i c i z e d as a d a n g e r o u s

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m a n i f e s t a t i o n i n the l i f e o f t h e p a r t y . B u t i n our o p i n i o n , t h e 20th C o n g r e s s a n d , especially, C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v ' s secret r e p o r t d i d n o t p u t t h e q u e s t i o n of C o m r a d e Stalin correctly in an objective M a r xist-Leninist way. Stalin was severely and unjustly condemned on this question by Comrade K h r u s h c h e v and the 20th C o n g r e s s . C o m r a d e S t a l i n a n d h i s w o r k does not b e l o n g t o t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e alone, b u t t o u s a l l . Just as Comrade K h r u s h c h e v said in Bucharest t h a t the d i f f e r e n c e s are n o t b e t w e e n t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the C h i n e s e C o m munist P a r t y b u t between the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d international c o m m u n i s m , just as it pleases h i m to s a y t h a t the decisions of t h e 20th a n d 21st C o n g r e s s e s w e r e a d o p t e d b y a l l t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s i n the s a m e w a y , h e s h o u l d also b e m a g n a n i m o u s a n d consistent i n p a s s i n g j u d g m e n t o n S t a l i n ' s w o r k s o t h a t the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s o f the w o r l d c o u l d adopt it w i t h a clear conscience. T h e r e cannot b e t w o y a r d s t i c k s n o r t w o m e a sures o f w e i g h t f o r t h i s m a t t e r . T h e n , w h y w a s C o m r a d e S t a l i n c o n d e m n e d a t the 20th C o n g r e s s w i t h o u t p r i o r c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e other c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s o f the w o r l d ? W h y w a s this a n a t h e m a p r o n o u n c e d u p o n S t a l i n a l l of a s u d d e n to the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s o f the w o r l d a n d w h y d i d m a n y sister p a r t i e s l e a r n o f i t o n l y w h e n the i m p e r i a l i s t press p u b l i s h e d C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v ' s secret r e p o r t f a r a n d w i d e ?

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The condemnation of Comrade Stalin was i m posed o n the c o m m u n i s t a n d p r o g r e s s i v e w o r l d b y Comrade Khrushchev. W h a t could our parties do u n d e r these c i r c u m s t a n c e s , w h e n u n e x p e c t e d l y , u s i n g the great a u t h o r i t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , h e imposed a matter of this k i n d on our bloc? T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a f o u n d itself i n a great d i l e m m a . I t w a s n o t c o n v i n c e d a n d w i l l never be convinced on the question of condemning C o m r a d e S t a l i n i n t h a t w a y a n d i n those f o r m s that C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v d i d it. O u r P a r t y adopted, i n g e n e r a l , the f o r m u l a o f the 20th C o n gress on this m a t t e r but, nevertheless, it d i t n o t stick t o t h e l i m i t a t i o n s set b y t h e C o n g r e s s n o r d i d it yield to the b l a c k m a i l and intimidation f r o m outside o u r c o u n t r y . The P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a maintained a realistic s t a n d o n the q u e s t i o n o f S t a l i n . I t w a s correct a n d g r a t e f u l t o w a r d s this g l o r i o u s M a r x i s t against w h o m , w h i l e h e w a s a l i v e , t h e r e w a s n o one a m o n g u s b r a v e e n o u g h t o c o m e out a n d criticize, b u t w h e n h e w a s d e a d a great d e a l o f m u d was thrown, creating in this w a y an intolerable situation in w h i c h a whole glorious epoch o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n w h e n the f i r s t socialist S t a t e i n t h e w o r l d w a s set u p , w h e n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n w a x e d s t r o n g , s u c c e s s f u l l y defeated t h e i m p e r i a l i s t plots, c r u s h e d t h e T r o t s k y i t e s , B u k h a r i n i t e s a n d the k u l a k s as a class, w h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of heavy industry and collectivization triumphed, in a w o r d , w h e n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n b e c a m e a colossal

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power succeeding in building socialism, w h e n it fought the Second W o r l d W a r w i t h legendary her o i s m a n d d e f e a t e d f a s c i s m , l i b e r a t e d o u r peoples, w h e n a p o w e r f u l socialist c a m p w a s set u p , a n d so on a n d so f o r t h a l l this g l o r i o u s e p o c h of the S o v i e t U n i o n i s left w i t h o u t a h e l m s m a n , w i t h o u t a leader. T h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a t h i n k s that it is no right, n o r m a l or M a r x i s t , to blot out Stalin's n a m e a n d great w o r k f r o m a l l this epoch, a s i t i s a c t u a l l y b e i n g done. W e s h o u l d a l l d e f e n d t h e good a n d i m m o r t a l w o r k o f S t a l i n . H e w h o does n o t defend it is an opportunist and a coward. As a p e r s o n a n d as t h e l e a d e r of the B o l s h e v i k C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , after Lenin's death C o m r a d e S t a l i n was, at the same time, the most prominent leader o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s m h e l p i n g i n a very positive w a y and w i t h great authority in consolidating and promoting the victories of comm u n i s m throughout the w o r l d . A l l of Comrade S t a l i n ' s t h e o r e t i c a l w o r k s are a f i e r y t e s t i m o n y of his l o y a l t y to h i s teacher of genius, to g r e a t Lenin and Leninism. S t a l i n f o u g h t f o r the r i g h t s o f the w o r k i n g class a n d the w o r k i n g people i n the w h o l e w o r l d , h e f o u g h t t o the e n d w i t h g r e a t c o n s i s t e n c y f o r the f r e e d o m of the peoples of o u r c o u n t r i e s of People's D e m o c r a c y . V i e w i n g t h i n g s f r o m t h i s a n g l e alone, S t a l i n belongs t o the e n t i r e c o m m u n i s t w o r l d a n d not t o the Soviet c o m m u n i s t s alone, he belongs to a l l the

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w o r k e r s o f the w o r l d a n d not t o t h e S o v i e t w o r k e r s alone. H a d C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v a n d the S o v i e t c o m rades v i e w e d t h i s m a t t e r i n t h i s s p i r i t , the gross m i s t a k e s t h a t w e r e m a d e w o u l d h a v e been a v o i d e d . B u t t h e y v i e w e d the q u e s t i o n o f S t a l i n v e r y s i m p l y a n d o n l y f r o m t h e i n t e r n a l aspect o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . But, in the opinion of the P a r t y of L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , e v e n f r o m t h i s aspect, t h e y v i e w e d i t in a one-sided w a y , seeing o n l y his m i s t a k e s , a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y p u t t i n g aside h i s great a c t i v i t y , h i s m a j o r c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , t o the t e m p e r i n g o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , to the b u i l d i n g of the e c o n o m y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , o f its i n d u s t r y , its kolkhozian agriculture, to his leading the Soviet people t o t h e i r great v i c t o r y o v e r G e r m a n f a s c i s m . D i d S t a l i n m a k e m i s t a k e s ? O f course h e d i d . In so long a period filled w i t h heroism, trials, struggle, t r i u m p h s , i t i s i n e v i t a b l e n o t o n l y f o r J o s e p h S t a l i n p e r s o n a l l y b u t also f o r t h e l e a d e r s h i p as a collective b o d y to m a k e m i s t a k e s . W h i c h is the p a r t y a n d w h o i s the l e a d e r t h a t c a n c l a i m t o have made no mistakes in their w o r k ? W h e n the existing leadership of the Soviet U n i o n is c r i t i cized, the c o m r a d e s o f t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p a d v i s e us to l o o k ahead a n d let b y g o n e s be bygones, t h e y t e l l u s t o a v o i d polemics, b u t w h e n i t comes t o Stalin, they not only d i d not look ahead but they turned right round, completely backward, in order t o t r a c k d o w n o n l y the w e a k spots i n S t a l i n ' s w o r k .

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T h e cult o f the i n d i v i d u a l o f S t a l i n s h o u l d , of course be o v e r c o m e . B u t c a n it be said, as it has been c l a i m e d , t h a t S t a l i n h i m s e l f w a s the s p o n s o r o f this c u l t o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l ? T h e c u l t o f the i n d i vidual should be overthrown without fail, but was i t necessary a n d w a s i t r i g h t t o g o t o s u c h l e n g t h s a s t o p o i n t the f i n g e r a t a n y o n e w h o m e n t i o n e d S t a l i n ' s n a m e , t o l o o k a s k a n c e a t a n y one w h o u s e d a q u o t a t i o n f r o m S t a l i n w i t h g r e a t speed a n d z e a l ? C e r t a i n persons s m a s h e d statues r a i s e d t o S t a l i n a n d c h a n g e d the n a m e s o f cities t h a t h a d been named after h i m . B u t w h y g o any further? A t B u c h a r e s t , t u r n i n g t o the C h i n e s e comrades, C o m rade K h r u s h c h e v s a i d : Y o u a r e c a t c h i n g o n t o a d e a d horse, C o m e a n d get h i s bones, i f y o u w i s h ! These references w e r e t o S t a l i n . The P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a solemnly declares t h a t it is opposed to these acts a n d to these assessments of the w o r k a n d p e r s o n of J o s e p h Stalin. S o v i e t comrades, w h y w e r e these questions r a i s e d i n this m a n n e r a n d i n s u c h a d i s t o r t e d f o r m , while possibilities existed for both Stalin's mistakes a n d those of the l e a d e r s h i p to be t r e a t e d p r o p e r l y , to be corrected, w i t h o u t c r e a t i n g s u c h a shock in the hearts of the communists of the w o r l d , w h i c h o n l y the sense o f d i s c i p l i n e a n d the a u t h o r i t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n p r e v e n t e d f r o m b u r s t i n g o u t ? C o m r a d e M i k o y a n has s a i d t h a t w e d a r e d n o t criticize Comrade Stalin w h e n he was alive for he w o u l d h a v e c u t off o u r heads. W e are sure t h a t

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C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h e v w i l l not cut off o u r heads i f we criticize h i m aright. A f t e r the 20th Congress, t h e events w e k n o w took place i n P o l a n d , t h e c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n b r o k e o u t i n H u n g a r y , a t t a c k s b e g a n o n the S o v i e t system, disturbances were aroused in m a n y c o m m u nist a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s o f the w o r l d a n d f i n a l l y this t h a t has o c c u r e d . W e pose the q u e s t i o n : W h y d i d these t h i n g s occur i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , i n the r a n k s o f o u r camp, a f t e r the 20th C o n g r e s s ? O r d o these t h i n g s h a p p e n because the l e a d e r s h i p o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s sectarian, dogmatic and pessimistic? A t h i n g of t h i s k i n d s h o u l d be of e x t r a o r d i n a r y c o n c e r n f o r u s a n d w e s h o u l d l o o k f o r the source o f a n d cure this m a l a d y . B u t , c e r t a i n l y , this s i c k ness c a n not b e c u r e d b y p a t t i n g the r e n e g a d e T i t o o n the back n o r b y p u t t i n g i n the S t a t e m e n t that m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m has b e e n c o m p l e t e l y done a w a y w i t h , a s the S o v i e t c o m r a d e s c l a i m . T h e a u t h o r i t y o f L e n i n i s m has b e e n a n d i s decisive. It s h o u l d be e s t a b l i s h e d in s u c h a w a y as to purge erroneous views everywhere and in r a d i c a l w a y . T h e r e i s n o other w a y o u t f o r u s c o m m u n i s t s . I f t h e r e are t h i n g s that m u s t a n d s h o u l d be s a i d o u t r i g h t , just as t h e y are, this s h o u l d be done n o w , at this C o n f e r e n c e , b e f o r e it is too late. C o m m u n i s t s , we t h i n k , s h o u l d go to bed w i t h a c l e a r conscience, t h e y s h o u l d s t r i v e t o consolidate their unity but without keeping back their reser-

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vations, w i t h o u t n u r t u r i n g feelings o f f a v o r i t i s m a n d h a t r e d . A c o m m u n i s t says o p e n l y w h a t he feels i n his h e a r t a n d m a t t e r s w i l l b e j u d g e d c o r r e c t l y . T h e r e m a y b e people w h o w i l l n o t b e pleased with what our small P a r t y is saying. O u r small P a r t y m a y b e isolated, o u r c o u n t r y m a y b e s u b j e c ted to e c o n o m i c p r e s s u r e in o r d e r to p r o v e , allegedly, to o u r people that t h e i r l e a d e r s h i p is no good, o u r P a r t y m a y b e a n d i s b e i n g a t t a c k e d , M i c h a e l S u s l o v equates the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a w i t h the b o u r g e o i s p a r t i e s a n d l i k e n s its leaders t o K e r e n s k y . B u t t h i s does n o t i n t i m i d a t e us. W e h a v e l e a r n e d some lessons. R a n k o v i c h has not s a i d w o r s e t h i n g s a b o u t t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , T i t o has c a l l e d u s G o e b e l s , b u t a g a i n , w e are L e n i n i s t s a n d t h e y are T r o t s k y i t e s , t r a i t o r s , l a c k e y s a n d agents o f i m p e r i a l i s m . I w i s h to e m p h a s i z e that the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a a n d the A l b a n i a n people h a v e s h o w n i n practice h o w m u c h t h e y love, h o w m u c h t h e y respect a n d h o w l o y a l t h e y s t a n d t o the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , a n d t h a t w h e n the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a c r i t i c i z e s the w r o n g d o i n g s o f c e r t a i n S o v i e t leaders, t h a t does not m e a n t h a t o u r v i e w s a n d o u r a t t i t u d e h a v e c h a n g e d . W e , A l b a n i a n s , t a k e the courage as M a r x i s t s to c r i t i c i z e these c o m r a d e s n o t because w e h a t e t h e m b u t because w e t h i n k h i g h l y o f t h e m a n d because w e l o v e a b o v e e v e r y t h i n g else the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e S o v i e t people. T h i s i s h o w w e l o v e the S o v i e t U n i o n , the

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C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e Soviet leadership. W i t h our M a r x i s t severity we t e l l t h e m i n a c o m r a d e l y w a y , w e open o u r hearts, we tell them frankly what we think. Hypocrites we h a v e n e v e r b e e n n o r w i l l e v e r be. I n spite o f the s e v e r i t y w e show, t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n w i l l h o l d u s dear, regardless o f e r r o r s w e m a y m a k e , b u t t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the other communist a n d w o r k e r s ' parties of the w o r l d w i l l not accuse us of l a c k i n g s i n c e r i t y , of t a l k i n g b e h i n d t h e i r b a c k s or of s w e a r i n g allegiance to a h u n d r e d banners. In c o n c l u s i o n . I w i s h to s a y a f e w w o r d s a b o u t the d r a f t - S t a t e m e n t s u b m i t t e d t o u s b y the E d i t o r i a l C o m m i s s i o n . O u r D e l e g a t i o n took c o g n i z a n c e o f this d r a f t a n d s c r u t i n i z e d i t c a r e f u l l y . I n t h e new draft-Statement m a n y amendments have been m a d e t o the f i r s t v a r i a n t s u b m i t t e d b y the S o v i e t D e l e g a t i o n w h i c h w a s t a k e n as a basis of the w o r k o f t h e said C o m m i s s i o n . W i t h the a m e n d m e n t s m a d e t o it, the n e w d r a f t - S t a t e m e n t has b e e n c o n s i d e r a b l y i m p r o v e d , m a n y i m p o r t a n t ideas h a v e been stressed, a n u m b e r of theses h a v e b e e n f o r m u lated m o r e c o r r e c t l y a n d the o v e r w h e l m i n g m a j o r i t y o f the allusions against the C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y n a v e been rejected. A t t h e m e e t i n g o f this C o m m i s s i o n , the D e l e g a t i o n o f o u r P a r t y o f f e r e d m a n y suggestions w h i c h w e r e p a r t i a l l y adopted. A l t h o u g h o u r D e l e g a t i o n w a s not i n a g r e e m e n t that c e r t a i n i m p o r t a n t m a t ters o f p r i n c i p l e s h o u l d r e m a i n i n the d r a f t e d d o -

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c u m e n t , i t g a v e its consent t h a t this d o c u m e n t s h o u l d b e s u b m i t t e d t o t h i s m e e t i n g , r e s e r v i n g its r i g h t t o e x p r e s s o n c e a g a i n its v i e w s o n a l l the issues o n w h i c h i t d i s a g r e e d . A b o v e a l l , w e t h i n k t h a t those f i v e issues w h i c h r e m a i n u n c o o r d i n a t e d , s h o u l d b e settled s o t h a t w e m a y d r a w u p a d o c u m e n t w h i c h has t h e u n a n i m o u s a p p r o v a l o f a l l . We t h i n k that it is essential to m a k e clear in the Statement the idea of L e n i n expressed recently by Comrade Maurice Thorez as well as by Comrade S u s l o v i n h i s speech a t the m e e t i n g o f t h e E d i t o r i a l C o m m i s s i o n , that there can be an absolute g u a r a n t e e o f the p r o h i b i t i o n o f w a r o n l y w h e n soc i a l i s m has t r i u m p h e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d or, a t least, i n a n u m b e r o f o t h e r g r e a t i m p e r i a l i s t countries. At the same time, that paragraph w h i c h refers to factionist or group activity in the intern a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t s h o u l d b e deleted since this, a s w e h a v e p o i n t e d o u t also a t t h e m e e t i n g o f the C o m m i s s i o n , does n o t h e l p c o n s o l i d a t e u n i t y , o n t h e c o n t r a r y , i t u n d e r m i n e s it. W e a r e also i n f a v o r o f d e l e t i n g the w o r d s r e f e r i n g t o t h e o v e r c o m i n g o f t h e d a n g e r o u s consequences o f the c u l t of the i n d i v i d u a l or else, of a d d i n g the p h r a s e w h i c h o c c u r r e d in a n u m b e r of parties, a t h i n g w h i c h corresponds better to the reality. I over have make ment do n o t w a n t to t a k e t h e t i m e of t h i s m e e t i n g this question and other opinions w h i c h we o n the d r a f t - S t a t e m e n t . O u r D e l e g a t i o n w i l l its c o n c r e t e r e m a r k s w h e n the d r a f t - S t a t e itself is under discussion.

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We will do well and it w i l l be salutary if we t a k e the courage a t t h i s c o n f e r e n c e t o l o o k o u r m i s t a k e s i n the face a n d treat t h e w o u n d s , w h e r e v e r t h e y m a y be, b u t w h i c h are t h r e a t e n i n g t o become a g g r a v a t e d a n d d a n g e r o u s . W e d o n o t c o n s i d e r i t a n offense w h e n c o m r a d e s c r i t i c i z e u s j u s t l y a n d o n facts, b u t w e w i l l n e v e r , n e v e r , accept t h a t w i t h o u t a n y facts, t h e y m a y c a l l u s d o g m a t i c , sectarian, n a r r o w nationalists s i m p l y b e c a u s e w e f i g h t w i t h persistence against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m a n d , especially, against Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m . I f a n y o n e considers o u r s t r u g g l e against r e v i s i o n i s m a s d o g m a t i c o r sectarian, w e s a y t o h i m , T a k e o f f y o u r r e v i s i o n i s t spectacles a n d y o u w i l l see m o r e clearly! The P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a thinks that this C o n f e r e n c e w i l l r e m a i n a n h i s t o r i c one, f o r i t w i l l be a Conference in the t r a d i t i o n of the L e n i n i s t Conferences w h i c h the Bolshevik P a r t y had o r g a n i z e d i n o r d e r t o expose a n d root r i g h t out d i s t o r t e d v i e w s , i n o r d e r t o s t r e n g t h e n a n d steel t h e unity of our international c o m m u n i s t and w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t o n t h e basis o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . O u r P a r t y of Labor w i l l continue to strive w i t h determination to strengthen our unity, o u r fraternal bonds, the j o i n t a c t i v i t y o f o u r c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, f o r t h i s i s the g u a r a n t e e o f t h e t r i u m p h o f t h e cause o f peace a n d s o c i a l i s m . T h e u n i t y o f the socialist c a m p h e a d e d b y t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e u n i t y o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d workers' movement w i t h the glorious C o m m u -

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n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a t t h e center, i s t h e most s a c r e d t h i n g w h i c h o u r P a r t y w i l l g u a r d a s the a p p l e o f i t s e y e a n d w i l l s t r e n g t h e n m o r e a n d m o r e w i t h each p a s s i n g d a y .

(Reproduced from Important Documents of the Party of Labor of Albania, Vol. III).

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NOTES

1) In D e c e m b e r 1959, N. K h r u s h c h e v , H e a d of the S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t , w h o p r e f e r r e d t o settle t h e i m p o r t a n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l issues o n l y t h r o u g h t a l k s w i t h the chiefs o f i m p e r i a l i s m , m a d e a r r a n gements t h r o u g h d i p l o m a t i c c h a n n e l s to c a l l a t o p l e v e l conference w i t h the p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e Heads of the G o v e r n m e n t s of the U S S R , U S A , B r i t a i n a n d France. This conference was to be h e l d i n M a y 1960, b u t i t w a s n o t h e l d because o f t h e sabotage o f the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d the v a c i l l a t i n g adventurist stand of N. Khrushchev. 2 ) T h r o u g h this p r o p o s a l a n d t h e notes t h e S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t addressed o n M a y 25, 1959 t o the Governments of A l b a n i a , Bulgaria, R u m a n i a , Y u g o s l a v i a , T u r k e y , Greece, I t a l y , F r a n c e , B r i t a i n and the U S A , the creation was sought of a zone f r e e o f n u c l e a r w e a p o n s a n d m i s s i l e s i n the B a l k a n s a n d the A d r i a t i c r e g i o n . 3 ) T h e reference h e r e i s t o t h e d o c u m e n t s a p proved by the meeting of the representatives of the Communist and Workers' Parties which was held i n M o s c o w i n N o v e m b e r 1957.

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4 ) I n its l e t t e r o n J u n e 2 , 1960, t h e C C o f t h e C P S U proposed to call a meeting of the representatives o f t h e C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s o f the socialist c a m p t o w a r d s t h e e n d o f J u n e i n o r d e r to e x c h a n g e v i e w s o n t h e p r o b l e m s o f the p r e s e n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l s i t u a t i o n a n d t o m a p out a f u r t h e r c o m m o n l i n e . B u t o n J u n e 7 , 1960, t h e C C o f t h e C P S U , i n a n o t h e r letter, e x p r e s s e d t h e o p i n i o n t h a t this m e e t i n g s h o u l d n o t b e h e l d i n J u n e b u t a t a date to be set by a p r e l i m i n a r y g a t h e r i n g of the representatives of the C o m m u n i s t and W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s of t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s at the t i m e of t h e 3rd Congress of the R u m a n i a n W o r k e r s P a r t y in Bucharest. 5) At the 2nd P l e n u m of the CC of the C P A h e l d i n B e r a t i n J u n e 1944, t h e delegate o f t h e C C o f the Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t P a r t y h a t c h e d u p a p l o t b e h i n d t h e scenes a g a i n s t the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f A l b a n i a w i t h t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f the a n t i - P a r t y elements Sejfulla Maleshova, K o i X o x e and P a n d i K r i s t o . The m a i n objective of this conspiracy was to overthrow the P a r t y leadership h e a d e d b y C o m r a d e E n v e r H o x h a a n d t o replace it w i t h a n e w pro-Yugoslav leadership. T h i s o b j e c t i v e f a i l e d t o m a t e r i a l i z e because o f the o p p o s i t i o n o f f e r e d b y m o s t o f the m e m b e r s o f the C C o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f A l b a n i a .

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ENVER

HOXHA

F i r s t Secretary of the C e n t r a l Committee of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a

SPEECH DELIVERED AT THE TIRANA FESTIVE MEETING COMMEMORATING THE 20th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF T H E PARTY OF LABOR OF ALBANIA A N D THE 44th ANNIVERSARY OF THE GREAT OCTOBER SOCIALIST REVOLUTION ON NOVEMBER 7, 1961
(Excerpts)

107

Dear

comrades,

W e are c e l e b r a t i n g the 20th a n n i v e r s a r y o f o u r P a r t y in new international conditions very f a v o u r a b l e to the forces of peace, d e m o c r a c y a n d s o c i a l i s m . T w e n t y y e a r s ago, w h e n the A l b a n i a n C o m munist P a r t y was founded, the w o r l d was ruled by the c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m a s y s t e m of o p p r e s s i o n a n d w i l d e x p l o i t a t i o n o f peoples. T h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e first country of victorious socialism, was at that t i m e e n c i r c l e d o n a l l sides b y c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . W h o l e c o n t i n e n t s w e r e s u f f e r i n g u n d e r the c o l o n i a l y o k e o f i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e most r e a c t i o n a r y forces o f b o u r g e o i s i e , t h e fascist a n d m i l i t a r i s t states, i n c i t e d b y the m o s t aggressive c i r c l e s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l imperialism, h a d unleashed the Second W o r l d War, they had put under their yoke whole nations and, l i k e w i l d beasts, t h e y w e r e r u s h i n g against the o f f s p r i n g o f the great O c t o b e r S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u t i o n the Soviet U n i o n . T o d a y , a f t e r 20 years, g r e a t r a d i c a l changes h a v e t a k e n place i n t h e w o r l d . O w i n g t o the G r e a t P a t r i o t i c W a r o f t h e S o v i e t peoples, i n t h e f i r s t place, t h e r e w a s a c h i e v e d t h e h i s t o r i c v i c t o r y o v e r fascism; the Soviet U n i o n became the liberator of

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the e n s l a v e d E u r o p e a n peoples. N e w states b r o k e a w a y f r o m the capitalist system and e m b a r k e d o n t h e r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m . T h e people's r e v o l u t i o n t r i u m p h e d i n C h i n a ; this i s t h e greatest h i s t o r i c event a f t e r t h e O c t o b e r S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u t i o n . S o c i a l i s m c a m e o u t of the b o r d e r s of a single c o u n t r y a n d became a w o r l d s y s t e m s t r e t c h i n g f r o m t h e A d r i a t i c coasts t o the coasts o f t h e P a c i f i c O c e a n ; this is the greatest h i s t o r i c v i c t o r y of the i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g class. T h e w o r l d socialist system, w h i c h i n c l u d e s i n its f o l d o v e r 1 b i l l i o n people w i t h a b i g e c o n o m i c and military potential continually growing at u n precedented rates, has become t o d a y the d e c i s i v e factor in the development of the w o r l d history. It e x e r t s a t r e m e n d o u s i n f l u e n c e on the w o r l d ; it h a s become a great a t t r a c t i v e a n d r e v o l u t i o n a z i n g f o r c e . T h e w o r l d socialist s y s t e m i s s h o w i n g w i t h e v e r y p a s s i n g d a y its i n d i s p u t a b l e s u p e r i o r i t y o v e r the c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m . It h a s b e c o m e the s h i e l d of a l l the p r o g r e s s i v e forces o f t h e w o r l d , t h e i m p r e g n a b l e b u l w a r k o f f r e e d o m a n d peace, d e m o cracy and socialism. The irresistible development of socialism and the u p s u r g e o f the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e o f the peoples i n e v i t a b l y l e d to the collapse of the c o lonial slavery system of imperialism. F o r t y - t w o n e w states w i t h a t o t a l p o p u l a t i o n o f m o r e t h a n 1 b i l l i o n a n d 200 m i l l i o n h a v e w o n f r e e d o m a n d national independence. W h i l e after the first w o r l d w a r the c o u n t r i e s e n s l a v e d a n d c o n t r o l l e d b y i m p e r i a l i s m m a d e up m o r e t h a n 77 p e r cent of t h e

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territory of the w o r l d and accounted for about 7 0 p e r cent o f t h e w o r l d p o p u l a t i o n n o w s u c h c o u n t r i e s o c c u p y o n l y o v e r 10 p e r cent of t h e a r e a a n d a c c o u n t f o r a b o u t 3 p e r cent of t h e w o r l d population. The dissolution of the colonial system of i m p e r i a l i s m is the second greatest e v e n t a f t e r the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f the w o r l d socialist s y s t e m . A s a r e s u l t o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h e w o r l d s y s t e m o f s o c i a l i s m , a n d o f the dissolution of the colonial system of imperialism, the sphere of d o m i n a t i o n of i m p e r i a l i s m has been g r e a t l y n a r r o w e d , i t s g e n e r a l c r i s i s has f u r t h e r deepened, a l l its i n t e r n a l a n d e x t e r n a l class a n d national contradictions have sharpened. Today i m p e r i a l i s m i s n o m o r e the o n l y r u l e r a n d a l l - p o w e r f u l r u l e r i n the w o r l d . I t c a n n o m o r e l o r d o v e r it. Its l a w s d o n o t o p e r a t e e v e r y w h e r e i n t h e w o r l d . In front of the capitalist system w h i c h is heading t o w a r d s its i n e v i t a b l e d o o m , t h e r e stands p o w e r f u l a n d i n v i n c i b l e the w o r l d s y s t e m o f s o c i a l i s m r o u n d which there have rallied and continue to rally a l l t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t forces w h i c h are s t r i v i n g f o r t h e n a t i o n a l a n d social l i beration. S u c h i s t h e r e a l i t y o f o u r d a y s a n d this r e a l i t y c o n v i n c i n g l y s h o w s t h a t t h e r a t i o o f forces i n t h e w o r l d t o d a y has r a d i c a l l y a n d d e f i n i t e l y c h a n g e d t o the a d v a n t a g e o f s o c i a l i s m a n d t o t h e d e t r i m e n t o f i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e forces o f s o c i a l i s m , t h e forces o f n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n , peace a n d d e m o c r a c y a r e s u p e r i o r t o t h e forces o f i m p e r i a l i s m , c o l o n i a l i s m , w a r a n d r e a c t i o n . A l l these t h i n g s h a v e c r e a t e d

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i n the w o r l d a n e w s i t u a t i o n , v e r y f a v o u r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s t o c a r r y o u t e v e n m o r e s u c c e s s f u l l y the s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m , f o r peace a n d f o r t h e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f t h e socialist, n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n , d e m o c r a t i c a n d people's r e v o l u t i o n s . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a recognizes a n d u n d e r s t a n d s the deep changes t h a t h a v e t a k e n place i n the w o r l d , the n e w c o n d i t i o n s a n d p h e n o m e n a that h a v e a r i s e n . B u t w e reject a l l a n d e v e r y a t t e m p t b e i n g m a d e b y the p r e s e n t - d a y r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o , u n d e r t h e slogans o f the creative i n t e r p r e tation of M a r x i s m in the n e w conditions, are s p r e a d i n g t h e i r false a n d o p p o r t u n i s t i c v i e w p o i n t s ; t h e y are s e e k i n g to sell t h e m as a f u r t h e r d e v e l o p ment of M a r x i s m , and they hasten to stigmatize a s dogmatist, s e c t a r i a n a n d a d v e n t u r e r a n y o n e w h o goes on r e c o r d against s u c h v i e w p o i n t s . T h e s e are k n o w n tactics. T h e r e i s n o t h i n g n e w , n o t h i n g o r i g i n a l i n this. A l l the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d o p p o r t u n i s t s , beginning w i t h Bernstein and ending w i t h Tito, u n d e r the guise o f the changes i n the s i t u a t i o n a n d o f the n e w p h e n o m e n a , h a v e d e n i e d the basic p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m . A s V . I . L e n i n used t o say, b y a l w a y s m a s k i n g t h e m s e l v e s u n d e r the slogan o f the f i g h t against d o g m a t i s m , u s i n g the c a t c h - w o r d : d o g m a t i s t , t h e y h a v e r i s e n against Marxism. F r o m the changes that h a v e o c c u r r e d i n the w o r l d , t h e r e m u s t b e d r a w n correct, r e v o l u t i o n a r y , Marxist-Leninist conclusions: there must be d r a w n s u c h c o n c l u s i o n s as not to create r e f o r m i s t a n d pacifist i l l u s i o n s a n d w e a k e n the s t r u g g l e against

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i m p e r i a l i s m , but t o s t r e n g t h e n e v e r m o r e this j u s t struggle: there must be d r a w n such conclusions as n o t to alienate t h e peoples f r o m t h e cause of r e v o l u t i o n , b u t b r i n g t h e m e v e r closer t o it, not divert t h e m f r o m the struggle for their national l i b e r a t i o n , b u t raise this s t r u g g l e t o a n e v e r h i g h e r level. L e t u s t a k e t h e p r o b l e m o f w a r a n d peace. Does i t m e a n t h a t t h e c h a n g e i n the b a l a n c e o f p o w e r t o the a d v a n t a g e o f s o c i a l i s m has b r o u g h t a b o u t also a c h a n g e in t h e n a t u r e of i m p e r i a l i s m , that i m p e r i a l i s m h a s been t i e d u p h a n d s a n d feet, that it is u n a b l e to do a n y t h i n g , to u n l e a s h w a r s a n d u n d e r t a k e v a r i o u s aggressive a c t i o n s ? S u c h a c o n c l u s i o n i s n o t o n l y erroneous, b u t also v e r y h a r m f u l . T h e u n d e r e s t i m a t i o n o f the forces o f the e n e m y a n d the o v e r e s t i m a t i o n o f o u r o w n forces w e a k e n s o u r v i g i l a n c e a n d pushes u s i n t o d a n g e r o u s a d ventures, just as the underestimation of our o w n forces a n d the o v e r e s t i m a t i o n of t h e forces of the e n e m y leads to u n p r i n c i p l e d concessions, to m i s t a k e s a n d o p p o r t u n i s t a t t i t u d e s . P r o c e e d i n g f r o m the r e a l balance o f forces i n the w o r l d t o d a y , o u r P a r t y has p o i n t e d o u t a n d c o n t i n u e s t o p o i n t out that i n the q u e s t i o n o f w a r a n d peace b o t h e v e n t u a l i t i e s must be considered and we must be prepared for both, f o r w a r b e i n g p r e v e n t e d , a s w e l l a s f o r i t b e i n g u n l e a s h e d o n t h e p a r t o f the i m p e r i a l i s t s . O u r deep c o n v i c t i o n t h a t at t h e present t i m e a w o r l d w a r and other a g g r e s s i v e w a r s w h i c h imper i a l i s m unleashes c a n b e p r e v e n t e d i s b y n o means based on t h e good i n t e n t i o n s of the l e a d e r s of

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i m p e r i a l i s m , b u t o n the t r e m e n d o u s e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l a n d m i l i t a r y p o w e r o f t h e m i g h t y socialist camp, o n t h e u n i t y a n d s t r u g g l e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g class, o n the r e s o l u t e e f f o r t s o f the peoples o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d against t h e i m p e r i a l i s t w a r mongers, o n the u n i t y a n d compactness o f a l l t h e p e a c e - l o v i n g forces. D u r i n g a l l the y e a r s o f the e x i s t e n c e o f t h e people's p o w e r , t h e G o v e r n m e n t o f the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a has r e s o l u t e l y a n d c o n s i s t e n t l y p u r s u e d a f o r e i g n p o l i c y w h i c h has f u l l y met t h e interests o f o u r p e o p l e a n d c o u n t r y , the i n t e r e s t s of f r e e d o m a n d n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e , as w e l l as the interests o f the w h o l e c a m p o f s o c i a l i s m a n d of the cause of peace a n d progress of h u m a n s o ciety. T h e f o u n d a t i o n of the f o r e i g n p o l i c y of t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has a l w a y s been a n d r e m a i n s t o b e : constant s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the r e lations of friendship, fraternal cooperation and m u t u a l s u p p o r t a n d assistance w i t h t h e c o u n t r i e s o f the socialist c a m p h e a d e d b y the S o v i e t U n i o n ; s u p p o r t f o r the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n , a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t a n d a n t i - c o l o n i a l s t r u g g l e o f t h e oppressed p e o p l e s a n d nations, a s w e l l a s f o r t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g people i n the c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s ; e f f o r t s to secure r e l a t i o n s of p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e o f the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a w i t h the c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s e s p e c i a l l y w i t h t h e neighbouring countries; efforts for the preservat i o n a n d c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f peace i n t h e w o r l d a n d i n the B a l k a n a n d A d r i a t i c a r e a ; e x p o s u r e o f t h e policy of w a r a n d aggression pursued by the i m -

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p e r i a l i s t powers h e a d e d b y the U n i t e d States o f A m e r i c a a n d t h e i r p a r t n e r s a n d tools r o u n d o u r country, such as the Italian imperialists, the G r e e k monaroho-fascists and the Y u g o s l a v revisionists. In the foreign policy our P a r t y and G o v e r n ment have always marched hand in hand w i t h the o t h e r socialist c o u n t r i e s i n t h e i r e f f o r t s f o r the p r e s e r v a t i o n a n d s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the w o r l d peace. T h e y h a v e a l w a y s a p p r o v e d a n d e n e r g e t i c a l l y s u p p o r t e d t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f the f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d a l l the o t h e r s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s f o r the s e t t l e m e n t o f the most i m p o r t a n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o b l e m s . A n d this f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a has a l w a y s met w i t h the f u l l a p p r o v a l of the Soviet U n i o n a n d the o t h e r socialist c o u n t r i e s w h i c h h a v e a l w a y s c o n s i d e r e d it as a correct p o l i c y to t h e a d v a n t a g e o f o u r c o m m o n cause. B u t o f late, N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d c o m p a n y t u r n e d t h e i r coat a n d are a c c u s i n g us at t i m e s of b e i n g a d v e n t u r i s t s a n d w a r m o n g e r s a n d at times of a rapprochement w i t h imperialism. Those w h o are a c c u s i n g us, besides s l a n d e r s a n d i n v e n t i o n s , h a v e no a r g u m e n t , n o t a s i n g l e fact to p r o v e t h a t t h e foreign policy of the People's Republic of A l b a n i a has c h a n g e d . N o t h i n g has c h a n g e d i n o u r f o r e i g n policy. O u r a t t i t u d e also has not c h a n g e d e i t h e r i n r e g a r d s t h e q u e s t i o n s o f w a r a n d peace, o r i n r e g a r d s o u r r e l a t i o n s w i t h the o t h e r States, a n d e s p e c i a l l y w i t h t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g States, o r i n r e g a r d s t h e s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d f o r t h e e x p o s u r e o f the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s .

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T w e n t y years of life a n d revolutionary struggle o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a reject a l l these base s l a n d e r s a n d i n v e n t i o n s w h i c h h a v e c a u s e d a profound indignation to a n d have irritated our people w h o h a v e h e r o i c a l l y f o u g h t a n d c o n t i n u e t o f i g h t against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its h e n c h m e n . T h o s e w h o accuse a n d s l a n d e r the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d its l e a d e r s h i p a r e u n a b l e t o a d d u c e e v e n a single fact t h a t c o u l d p r o v e t h e i r a l l e g a t i o n s , w h i l e w e a r e i n a p o s i t i o n t o present m a n y d o c u m e n t e d facts c l e a r l y s h o w i n g t h e i r e s t r a n g e m e n t f r o m t h e positions o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d o f t h e s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m . W e h a v e n e v e r c h e r i s h e d i l l u s i o n s a b o u t o u r enemies, w e h a v e n o t e m b r a c e d a n d k i s s e d t h e m , w e h a v e not f l a t t e r e d t h e m a n d w e h a v e n o t caressed t h e m , w e h a v e never bowed to them. O u r P a r t y and Government have always maintained a f i r m , principled, M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s t a n d t o w a r d s the enemies of peace a n d s o c i a l i s m ; they h a v e s h a r p l y a n d c o n s t a n t l y e x p o s e d the i m p e r i a l i s t s , w h e t h e r U.S. o r B r i t i s h , French or Italian, and their policy of w a r and a g g r e s s i o n ; t h e y h a v e been i r r e c o n c i l a b l e w i t h and have energetically and unreservedly supported t h e j u s t cause o f t h e peoples w h o h a v e r i s e n i n s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e y h a v e r e n d e r e d all their support to the fraternal A l g e r i a n , C u b a n , Congolese, L a o t i a n a n d other peoples i n t h e i r sacred struggle against imperialism, resolutely condemning a l l the a g g r e s s i v e a t t e m p t s o f i m p e r i a l i s m . F o r a l l t h i s good w h i c h o u r P a r t y has d o n e to i m p e r i a l i s m d u r i n g these 20 years, it has b e e n

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r e w a r d e d b y i t a n d its tools w i t h a f i e r c e a n d r e lentless f i g h t w h i c h t h e y h a v e c a r r i e d o u t a g a i n s t the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a t h r o u g h c o n t i nuous plot a n d provocations, through diversion, b l a c k m a i l a n d successive s l a n d e r s . T h e y accuse u s o f b e i n g a f r a i d o f i m p e r i a l i s m , o f b e i n g a f r a i d t o a s s u m e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the s e t t l e m e n t o f i m p o r t a n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l questions. B y this t h e y m e a n t h e c o n c l u s i o n of a peace t r e a t y w i t h G e r m a n y a n d the settlement of the West Berlin problem. The Party of Labor of Albania and the G o v e r n m e n t o f the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a nia have not feared and never fear imperialism; they have not feared and never fear their respons i b i l i t y as a socialist c o u n t r y a n d as a m e m b e r of the W a r s a w T r e a t y a n d t h e y h a v e h o n o u r a b l y a n d s t r i c t l y f u l f i l l e d t h e i r i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t tasks. T h e attitude of the P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a and the G o v e r n m e n t of the People's Republic of A l b a n i a t o w a r d s t h e G e r m a n issue i s k n o w n t o the w h o l e world, it is contained in m a n y publicly k n o w n documents. T h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a and t h e Government of the People's Republic of A l b a n i a have always supported and continue to resolutely s u p p o r t the e f f o r t s o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c f o r a p e a c e f u l settlement of the G e r m a n problem. The viewpoint of o u r P a r t y a n d G o v e r n m e n t has b e e n a n d r e m a i n s t h a t t h e c o n c l u s i o n o f a peace t r e a t y w i t h G e r m a n y a n d t h e s o l u t i o n o n t h i s basis also o f t h e W e s t B e r l i n p r o b l e m are i n d i s p e n s a b l e measures, l o n g s i n c e r i p e a n d i n the interests o f t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f

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A l b a n i a , o f the G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c , o f the o t h e r socialist countries, i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f peace a n d s e c u r i t y i n E u r o p e . W e h a v e stood a n d s t a n d f o r t h e e a r l i e s t possible s e t t l e m e n t o f these p r o b l e m s because a n y p r o c r a s t i n a t i o n i s o n l y t o the a d v a n t a g e o f o u r enemies. T h e d e c l a r a t i o n o f t h e Central Committee of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a c o n c e r n i n g the G e r m a n q u e s t i o n p u b l i c l y stated that i n a n y s i t u a t i o n a n d a t a n y d a n g e r o u s m o m e n t w e s h a l l f i g h t t o the e n d a l o n g s i d e w i t h the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e other f r a t e r n a l c o u n t r i e s ; i r r e s p e c t i v e o f a n y s a c r i f i c e o n e v e r y occasion a n d a s a l w a y s w e s h a l l s o l i d a r i z e w i t h t h e m t o the e n d a n d h o n o u r a b l y d i s c h a r g e o u r d u t y . S u c h has been, i s a n d w i l l remain the stand of our P a r t y and o u r G o vernment. T h e n the q u e s t i o n a r i s e s : W h o fears i n d e e d , w h o i s a f r a i d o f the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e settlem e n t o f the G e r m a n issue, w h o i s d r a g g i n g i t o n ? W e that h a v e s t o o d a n d c o n t i n u e t o s t a n d f o r its earliest possible s o l u t i o n o r o u r accusers w h o h a v e b a c k e d out o n this q u e s t i o n a n d h a v e d r a g g e d i t out f r o m year to year? Or let us t a k e the d i s a r m a m e n t p r o b l e m . It is a matter of common knowledge that our G o v e r n m e n t has s u p p o r t e d t h e S o v i e t U n i o n ' s p r o p o s a l f o r a t o t a l a n d c o m p l e t e d i s a r m a m e n t because as l o n g as t h e a r m s e x i s t a n d the a r m a m e n t race i s b e i n g c o n d u c t e d , as l o n g as a t o t a l a n d c o m p l e t e d i s a r m a m e n t is not effected, t h e r e is no s e c u r i t y f o r peace. T h e Soviet Government, jointly w i t h our G o v e r n m e n t , h a v e f o r w a r d e d the p r o p o s a l t o c o n v e r t t h e

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A d r i a t i c a n d t h e B a l k a n s i n t o a peace area, w i t h o u t bases f o r a t o m i c w e a p o n s a n d r o c k e t s . B u t the p r o posals o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e socialist c o u n tries f o r a t o t a l a n d c o m p l e t e d i s a r m a m e n t a n d f o r the c r e a t i o n o f peace areas h a v e b e e n r e j e c t e d b y t h e imperialist powers. In such conditions o u r G o v e r n m e n t h a s s u p p o r t e d a n d f u l l y s u p p o r t s the S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t ' s d e c i s i o n o n t h e r e s u m p t i o n o f the n u c l e a r w e a p o n tests a s a v e r y i m p o r t a n t a n d i n d i s p e n s a b l e m e a s u r e f o r the s e c u r i t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e w h o l e socialist c a m p , f o r b r i d l i n g the i m p e r i a l i s t p o w e r s h e a d e d b y t h e U n i t e d S t a tes o f A m e r i c a a n d the B o n n revenge-seekers, w h o have intensified to the m a x i m u m the frenzied a r m a m e n t s race a n d t h e f e v e r i s h p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r a n e w w o r l d war. We are aware that disarmament is a d i f f i c u l t p r o b l e m . To force its s o l u t i o n u p o n the i m p e r i a l i s t s , great e f f o r t s m u s t be m a d e as w e l l as r e s o l u t e s t r u g g l e m u s t b e w a g e d b y t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d a l l the p e a c e - l o v i n g forces. B u t N . K h r u s h c h e v , i n s t e a d o f p u r s u i n g s u c h a correct p a t h , is s e e k i n g to d i s a r m a socialist c o u n t r y s u c h a s the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a , w h i c h i s e n c i r c l e d o n a l l p a r t s b y enemies. B y w e a k e n i n g t h e d e f e n s i v e m i g h t o f the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a h e d a m a g e s n o t o n l y t h e interests o f o u r c o u n t r y , but also t h o s e o f t h e e n t i r e c a m p o f s o c i a l i s m . A n d a l l t h i s i s d o n e a t a t i m e w h e n t h e U.S. 6 t h fleet i s r o a m i n g about l i k e a monster in the M e d i t e r r a n e a n , w h e n U.S. r o c k e t bases h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d i n G r e e c e a n d I t a l y , w h e n the N A T O forces a r e f e v e r i s h l y c o n t i n u i n g t h e i r a r m a m e n t s race, w h e n t h e

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i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d revenge-seekers o f W e s t G e r m a n y are s a b r e r a t t l i n g a n d s e r i o u s l y e n d a n g e r i n g t h e w o r l d peace. T h e A l b a n i a n G o v e r n m e n t w a s n o t g u i l t y o f a n d b o r e n o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r this. B u t , a t a n y case N . K h r u s h c h e v s h o u l d b y n o m e a n s g o to s u c h l e n g t h s as to o p e n l y i n c i t e the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d v a r i o u s r e a c t i o n a r i e s against a socialist c o u n t r y s u c h a s the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a . H o w e v e r , t h e defense o f t h e A l b a n i a n b o r d e r s i s f u l l y ensured. I n c o n d i t i o n s w h e n t h e r e e x i s t i n the w o r l d s t a tes w i t h d i f f e r e n t social systems, the o n l y j u s t p r i n ciple t o g o v e r n the r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e m i s the p r i n c i p l e of p e a c e f u l coexistence, a p r i n c i p l e o u t l i n e d b y L e n i n a n d i m p l e m e n t e d also b y S t a l i n . O u r P a r t y o f L a b o r has a l w a y s t h o u g h t a n d t h i n k s t h a t the p o l i c y o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e meets the v i t a l i n terests of a l l the peoples, b o t h of the socialist a n d c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s ; i t meets the a i m o f the f u r t h e r s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the positions o f s o c i a l i s m a n d u n i v e r s a l peace. T h e r e f o r e , this p r i n c i p l e u n d e r l i e s the relations o f o u r socialist state w i t h the other n o n socialist states. I t i s a b s u r d t o accuse o u r P a r t y a n d socialist S t a t e o f a l l e g e d l y s t a n d i n g against p e a c e f u l c o e x i s tence. T h i s s l a n d e r i s r e f u t e d b y the e n t i r e p r a c t i cal a c t i v i t y o f o u r S t a t e i n t h e f i e l d o f f o r e i g n p o l i cy. We are not opposed to the p r i n c i p l e of peacef u l coexistence, b u t w e d o n o t a g r e e w i t h some o p p o r t u n i s t v i e w p o i n t s o f N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d his f o l l o w e r s w h o consider t h e p e a c e f u l coexistence a s t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f the socialist

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countries, a s the m a i n r o a d t o the v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m o n a w o r l d scale, w h o f o r t h e sake o f peacef u l coexistence r e n o u n c e the s t r u g g l e f o r t h e e x p o s u r e o f i m p e r i a l i s m , w h o negate a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y the i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l s t r u g g l e against the Y u g o s l a v revisionism u n d e r the pretext that in some f o r e i g n p o l i c y issues Y u g o s l a v i a s u p p o r t s the S o v i e t proposals. S u c h a n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f p e a c e f u l coexistence i s e r r o n e o u s a n d a n t i - M a r x i s t because i t leads t o t h e d e n i a l o f t h e class s t r u g g l e . T h e c o r rect i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f the p o l i c y o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s tence, i m p l y i n g also t h e e x p o s u r e o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its p o l i c y o f w a r a n d aggression, m u s t p r o m o t e the d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e s t r u g g l e o f the w o r k i n g class o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t countries, a s w e l l a s t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t i n the c o l o n i a l a n d d e p e n d e n t c o u n t r i e s . O n t h e i r p a r t , t h e successes o f the revolutionary class and national-liberation struggle, b y n a r r o w i n g a n d w e a k e n i n g t h e positions of i m p e r i a l i s m , p r o m o t e the cause of peace a n d p e a c e f u l coexistence. T h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s i n t h e capitalist countries, p a r a l l e l w i t h the struggle to f o r c e t h e p o l i c y o f p e a c e f u l coexistence o n t h e b o u r geois g o v e r n m e n t s o f t h e i r c o u n t r i e s , a r e w a g i n g a t t h e same t i m e t h e class s t r u g g l e f o r t h e o v e r throw of the bourgeois power, for the transition to s o c i a l i s m a c c o r d i n g to t h e s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s of every country. As regards the forms of transition to socialism, N. K h r u s h c h e v badly complicated this question, too, a t t h e 20th C o n g r e s s a n d l a t e r . H e a l m o s t r a i sed t o a b s o l u t e t h e p e a c e f u l w a y o f the s e i z u r e o f

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p o w e r b y the w o r k i n g class, a n d thus the i l l u s i o n w a s c r e a t e d that a l l e g e d l y the w o r k i n g class a n d its c o m m u n i s t p a r t y w o u l d b e able t o t a k e p o w e r in their hands only by securing a parliamentary m a j o r i t y . S u c h theses w e r e a p p r o v e d o n l y b y t h e revisionists and various opportunists w h o used them t o j u s t i f y t h e i r a n t i - M a r x i s t v i e w p o i n t s . W e . the A l b a n i a n c o m m u n i s t s , h a v e n e v e r been a n d a r e n o t a p r i o r i opposed to the p e a c e f u l w a y . B u t the t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the h i s t o r i c a l e x p e rience a n d the r e a l i t y o f the present d a y s teach u s that, to secure the v i c t o r y of the cause of s o c i a l i s m , t h e w o r k i n g class a n d its p a r t y m u s t p r e p a r e t h e m selves s i m u l t a n e o u s l y f o r b o t h e v e n t u a l i t i e s the p e a c e f u l w a y a n d t h e n o n - p e a c e f u l one. T o t a k e one's b e a r i n g s o n l y f r o m one of these e v e n t u a l i t i e s it means to embark on an erroneous path. O n l y by g e t t i n g w e l l p r e p a r e d , e s p e c i a l l y f o r the n o n - p e a c e f u l w a y , the chances g r o w also f o r the p e a c e f u l way. T h i s i s h o w w e u n d e r s t a n d the p e a c e f u l c o existence a n d its c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the class s t r u g g l e . This is h o w we understand and implement the pol i c y o f p e a c e f u l coexistence w i t h t h e o t h e r n o n - s o c i a l i s t states, a n d i n the f i r s t place w i t h o u r n e i g h bours. It is strange that N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v and his followers d e m a n d f r o m us that we should put into effect t h e p e a c e f u l coexistence w i t h our Greek n e i g h b o r s . T h e y accuse u s o f n o t m a r c h i n g a l o n g the same r o a d w i t h t h e m a s r e g a r d s t h e p r o p o s a l s f o r the d i s a r m a m e n t o f t h e B a l k a n c o u n t r i e s , t h e y

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accuse u s o f n o t m a k i n g e f f o r t s f o r a B a l k a n u n derstanding; they join the chorus of Tito and K a r a m a n l i s that we are allegedly the warmongers of t h e B a l k a n s at a t i m e w h e n G r e e c e c o n t i n u e s t o c o n s i d e r h e r s e l f i n a state o f w a r w i t h A l b a n i a , w h e n she a d v a n c e s t e r r i t o r i a l c l a i m s t o w a r d s o u r c o u n t r y a n d i s p l o t t i n g t o attack A l b a n i a , w h e n m o n a r c h o - f a s c i s t G r e e c e has become a f o r t r e s s a r m e d t o the t e e t h b y t h e A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s a g a i n s t o u r socialist c o u n t r i e s . T h e charges o f o u r criticizers are groundless, for no reasonable m a n c a n t h i n k t h a t l i t t l e A l b a n i a , e n c i r c l e d a s she i s b y w o l v e s w h i c h f o r 1 7 y e a r s i n succession h a v e s o u g h t t o s w a l l o w h e r alive, does n o t s t a n d f o r peace a n d disarmament. H o w much monarcho-fascist Greece disarmed a n d t o w h a t e x t e n t t h e hopes o f those b e l i e v i n g i n s u c h a t h i n g w e r e r e a l i z e d , t h i s is a m a t t e r of c o m m o n k n o w l e d g e , i t i s s h o w n b y life, b u t t h a t w e s h o u l d a v o i d c r i t i c i z i n g N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v (and t h i s criticism was made by us in a comradely way) when h e gives hopes t o S o p h o c l e s V e n i z e l o s f o r a n a u tonomy of S o u t h Albania, this w o u l d be a treason on our part. N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v d i d not l i k e o u r j u s t c r i t i c i s m . T h i s i s t h e least e v i l . B u t h e t u r n e d o u r c r i t i c i s m i n t o a c o u n t e r - c h a r g e , a c c u s i n g us of allegedly slandering the Soviet Union, w h i c h has l i b e r a t e d us a n d is d e f e n d i n g us. T h i s , of course, is m a c h i a v e l l i a n . B u t l a t e r the d e v i l s h o w e d a g a i n h i s h o r n s . A t t h e t i m e w h e n the A m e r i c a n s , G r e e k s a n d T u r k s w e r e c a r r y i n g out their large-scale m i l i t a r y manoeuvres a r o u n d the borders of A l b a n i a

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a n d B u l g a r i a , N . K h r u s h c h e v , i n his s t a t e m e n t t o the N e w Y o r k T i m e s r e p o r t e r , S u l t z b e r g e r , o n S e p t e m b e r 10th, 1961, t e x t u a l l y s a i d : Y o u ( A m e ricans) h a v e e s t a b l i s h e d bases also i n G r e e c e a n d y o u are t h r e a t e n i n g f r o m t h e r e o u r a l l y B u l g a r i a . H a s not perhaps monarcho-fascist Greece installed rockets also against A l b a n i a ? H o w l o n g i s i t t h a t N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v has d e c i d e d t h a t A l b a n i a s h o u l d b e n o m o r e a n a l l y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n ? T h i s i s m o n s t r u o u s . A r e these u n i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n s ? I s i t p e r m i s s i b l e t o the F i r s t S e c r e t a r y o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the P r i m e M i n i s t e r o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , e v e n i f h e a n d socialist A l b a n i a w e r e a t d a g g e r s drawn, to openly tell the Greek reaction that socialist A l b a n i a i s n o m o r e a n a l l y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n f o r m p r e s i d e n t K e n n e d y t h a t the r e l a t i o n s between the Soviet U n i o n and A l b a n i a have deteriorated? It is w e , therefore, a c c o r d i n g to some, t h a t v i e w things a s s e c t a r i a n n a t i o n a l i s t s , w h i l e others, w h o s p e c u l a t e o n the i n t e r e s t s o f o u r people, are M a r x i s t s . T o m o r r o w , these s a m e c r i t i c i z e r s m a y h o l d u s r e s p o n s i b l e also f o r t h e losses i n e l e c t i o n o f t h e G r e e k p r o g r e s s i v e p a r t y E D A . D o p e r h a p s these selfstyled M a r x i s t s think that we should h a n d the k e y s o f o u r c o u n t r y t o the G r e e k m o n a r c h o - f a s c i s t s s o t h a t their l i n e o f p e a c e f u l coexistence m a y w i n or the s e i z u r e of p o w e r in G r e e c e in a p e a c e f u l a n d parliamentary way m a y be achieved? No, they s h o u l d n o t expect t h i s f r o m us. T h e s e s e l f s t y l e d M a r x i s t s s h o u l d not forget t h a t t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r

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o f A l b a n i a a n d the A l b a n i a n people h a v e s h o w n t h e i r great i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m b y s a v i n g tens o f t h o u sands o f heroes o f t h e G r e e k p e o p l e a n d o f t h e Greek C o m m u n i s t P a r t y who, we are certain, do n o t s p i t the h o r s e a f t e r h a v i n g crossed the r i v e r . S u c h i s t h e f o r e i g n p o l i c y that has b e e n p u r sued b y o u r P a r t y a n d o u r G o v e r n m e n t . S u c h are our viewpoints about the problems of the presentd a y w o r l d d e v e l o p m e n t . I t i s p r e c i s e l y f o r these a t t i t u d e s a n d these v i e w p o i n t s t h a t w e are c r i t i c i zed, i t i s f o r this t h a t N . K h r u s h c h e v a t t a c k e d u s a t the 22nd C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e Soviet U n i o n . In this way, he first, unilaterally, m a d e p u b l i c o u r disputes, p r o v i d i n g w e a p o n s t o the enemy and assuming thereby a heavy historic responsibility as a splitter of the u n i t y of the i n ternational communist movement and of the social i s t c a m p . O u r P a r t y o f L a b o r has n e v e r p u b l i c l y e x p r e s s e d o u r d i f f e r e n c e s ; i t has d w e l t o n t h e m only at p a r t y meetings, but n o w that N. K h r u s h c h e v m a d e t h e m p u b l i c , o u r P a r t y , too, i s o b l i g e d t o state openly its viewpoints. N. K h r u s h c h e v , accusing our P a r t y in his speeches at the 22nd C o n g r e s s of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , said that the A l b a n i a n S o v i e t r e l a t i o n s w e r e s p o i l e d f o r the f a u l t o f the A l b a n i a n leaders. I t i s w e l l k n o w n t h a t the 2 0 y e a r s of r e v o l u t i o n a r y a c t i v i t y of o u r P a r t y are 20 y e a r s of a tremendous w o r k for the promotion of f r i e n d s h i p b e t w e e n t h e A l b a n i a n people a n d t h e S o v i e t peoples, f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f closer f r a t e r n a l ties b e t w e e n t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a a n d

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the S o v i e t U n i o n ; t h e y are 20 y e a r s of e x e m p l a r y c o o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n o u r P a r t y a n d the g l o r i o u s Communist Party o f the S o v i e t Union. Twenty years of the a c t i v i t y of o u r P a r t y are 20 y e a r s of sincere f a i t h f u l n e s s , o f great f r a t e r n a l l o v e o f c u r P a r t y f o r L e n i n ' s great P a r t y w h i c h has a l w a y s been, i s a n d w i l l r e m a i n f o r u s a source o f i n s p i r a t i o n a n d experience, f r o m w h i c h w e h a v e l e a r n e d and shall learn h o w to w o r k and strive for the good o f o u r peoples, f o r the cause o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m . T w e n t y y e a r s o f the a c t i v i t y o f o u r P a r t y h a v e been y e a r s o f a n u n s p a r e d a n d a l l r o u n d a s sistance b y the S o v i e t U n i o n t o t h e A l b a n i a n people, of a fraternal internationalist aid, w h i c h our P a r t y a n d G o v e r n m e n t h a v e r i g h t l y u t i l i z e d f o r the e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t o f o u r c o u n t r y , f o r the u p b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m i n A l b a n i a , f o r the i m p r o v e m e n t o f t h e l i v i n g s t a n d a r d s o f the A l b a n i a n people. I n such c o n d i t i o n s i t i s a b s u r d a n d i n c r e d i b l e to e v e r y o n e to allege that it is the A l b a n i a n l e a d e r s w h o w i t h o u t a n y reason a n d w i t h a n a m a z i n g quickness h a v e c h a n g e d t h e i r a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s the S o v i e t U n i o n , t o w a r d s the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . I n c r e d i b l e i s also the m o n s t r u o u s s l a n d e r t h a t t h e A l b a n i a n leaders h a v e a l l e g e d l y l i n k e d themselves t o i m p e r i a l i s m a n d h a v e a l l e g e d l y s o l d t h e m s e l v e s to it f o r 30 pieces of s i l v e r . S u c h discoveries m a y b e b e l i e v e d b y those w h o a r e f o n d o f tales a n d detective novels, b u t b y n o serious m a n , f o r e v e r y honest p e r s o n w h o k n o w s s o m e w h a t the t w e n t y - y e a r o l d h i s t o r y o f o u r P a r t y c a n n o t f a i l t o see t h a t s u c h a s l a n d e r i s n o t j u s t i f i e d b y

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a n y s t a n d o f o u r P a r t y , b y a n y a c t i o n o f its l e a ders. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , d u r i n g its entire revolutionary path, has always fought and continues to fight w i t h determination against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its agents; n e v e r i n the past, a t p r e s e n t a n d i n the f u t u r e has i t s t r e t c h e d , i s s t r e t c h i n g o r w i l l s t r e t c h its h a n d t o a n y b o d y f o r pittance, a n d less so to i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its allies. It has r e c e i v e d a n d receives f r o m its f r i e n d s a n d b r o t h e r s o f t h e c o u n t r i e s o f the s o c i a l i s t c a m p n o t alms, b u t o n l y i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t aids i n credit a n d i t w i l l c o n t i n u e t o r e c e i v e i n the f u t u r e , too, o n l y f r o m those socialist c o u n t r i e s w h i c h w i l l desire t o o f f e r t o i t s u c h a n a i d . W e ask f o r alms, f r o m n o b o d y . I f N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s f o l l o w e r s , f o r one o r a n o t h e r reason, d o not l i k e t o h e l p us, t h e y are e x p e c t i n g u s i n v a i n t o address ourselves to the imperialists a n d their a l l i e s f o r alms. O u r people h a v e f r i e n d s a n d c o m rades i n the socialist c o u n t r i e s w h o h a v e n o t a b a n d o n e d a n d w i l l not a b a n d o n t h e m . B u t , regardless o f this, w e t e l l N . K h r u s h c h e v t h a t the A l b a n i a n people a n d t h e i r P a r t y o f L a b o r w i l l l i v e e v e n o n grass, i f n e e d be, b u t t h e y w i l l n e v e r sell t h e m selves f o r 30 pieces of s i l v e r , f o r t h e y p r e f e r to d i e standing and w i t h honour rather than live w i t h shame a n d knelt d o w n . W h y t h e n d i d the S o v i e t - A l b a n i a n r e l a t i o n s deteriorate? This is clear a n d w e l l - k n o w n to N. K h r u s h c h e v himself and to the international c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . K h r u s h c h e v k n o w s t h e cause, for he himself is the culprit. We shall say only this:

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that the J u n e 1960 B u c h a r e s t m e e t i n g w a s t h e starting point. Differences had existed between our P a r t y of L a b o r a n d the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p e v e n p r i o r t o J u n e 1960 on some q u e s t i o n s of i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l nature: however they have not exerted any n e g a t i v e i n f l u e n c e o n the r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n o u r t w o s o cialist states, b e t w e e n o u r t w o M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has a l w a y s declared, a n d declares n o w , too. t h a t the e x p e r i e n c e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e e x p e r i e n c e of its congresses, i n c l u d i n g here also t h e 20th a n d the 22nd Congresses, h a v e been, are a n d w i l l always be a great help on our road for the u p - b u i l d i n g o f the socialist a n d c o m m u n i s t society. H o w e v e r , as r e g a r d s some special theses of p r i n c i p l e o f the 20th C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n o u r P a r t y has n o t been a n d i s not o f the same o p i n i o n w i t h t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p , j u s t as it is n o t also at present as r e g a r d s some s p e c i a l questions of the 22nd C o n g r e s s or of the n e w p r o g r a m m e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the Soviet U n i o n a p p r o v e d b y the 22nd C o n g r e s s . I s n o t o u r P a r t y e n t i t l e d t o t h i s ? I s this n o t consistent w i t h the teachings o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n internationalism? C a n this be considered as an a n t i - S o v i e t attitude, as t h e y are t r y i n g to accuse u s ? T h e S o v i e t leaders c o n s i d e r as a n t i - m a r x i s t , dogmatist, s e c t a r i a n , a n d o p p o s e d t o p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , etc., a n y p a r t y t h a t i s n o t o f t h e same o p i n i o n w i t h t h e m a s r e g a r d s some theses o f

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p r i n c i p l e w h i c h w e r e r a i s e d a t the 20th C o n g r e s s . Moreover, the f o r m e r m e m b e r of the P r e s i d i u m of the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n E . F u r t s e v a w e n t t o s u c h l e n g t h s as to d e c l a r e f r o m the r o s t r u m of the 22nd C o n g r e s s that h o w can c a l l t h e m s e l v e s c o m m u n i s t s those persons w h o do n o t accept the decisions of t h e 20th Congress of our P a r t y ? ( A l t h o u g h we say that we do not agree w i t h some theses of t h e 20th Congress, the S o v i e t leaders l i k e t o r o u n d out t h i n g s a n d s a y the w h o l e 20th Congress). T h a t is, a c c o r d i n g t o s o m e S o v i e t leaders, t h e c r i t e r i o n o f l o y a l t y t o w a r d s Marxism-Leninism, towards communism a n d prolet a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , i s a l l e g e d l y the a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e 20th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . C a n s u c h a l o g i c b e M a r x i s t ? If a l l the communist a n d w o r k e r s parties in the w o r l d w o u l d adopt t h e n e w c r i t e r i a i n v e n t e d b y F u r t s e v a , t h e n o n l y t h e d i s a g r e e m e n t , let us say, w i t h m a n y r e v i s i o n i s t theses o f t h e 8 t h C o n g r e s s o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w o u l d t h r o w i n t o misfortune millions of communists in the w o r l d and d i f f i c u l t i e s w o u l d b e c r e a t e d f o r t h e m , f o r t h e y w o u l d not k n o w t o w h a t address t h e y s h o u l d h a n d t h e i r p a r t y cards. A c c o r d i n g to the Leninist principles governing the r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n M a r x i s t parties, h o w e v e r i m p o r t a n t t h e congress o f a p a r t y m a y be, h o w e v e r great a n d a u t h o r i t a t i v e the p a r t y o f a c o u n t r y m a y be, the decisions of i t s congress are b i n d i n g only f o r its m e m b e r s . I n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t movement all the parties the M o s c o w Declara-

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t i o n points out are e q u a l a n d i n d e p e n d e n t , t h e y w o r k out t h e i r policies p r o c e e d i n g f r o m the s p e c i f i c conditions of their countries and g u i d i n g themselves b y t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . T h e a t t e m p t to m a k e the decisions of the congress of a p a r t y a s i n t e r n a t i o n a l n o r m s b i n d i n g f o r a l l the p a r ties is a c r u d e v i o l a t i o n of the p r i n c i p l e s of e q u a l i t y and independence of the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties; i t i s i n open contrast w i t h p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m . T h e r e f o r e , i t i s not o u r P a r t y , b u t t h e S o v i e t leadership, h e a d e d b y N . K h r u s h c h e v , that has d e v i a t e d f r o m the p o s i t i o n s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , s e e k i n g t o f o r c e its course u p o n t h e o t h e r parties, d e m a n d i n g f r o m t h e m t o r e n o u n c e t h e i r o w n v i e w p o i n t s a n d obey a n d submit to them. W h e t h e r o u r P a r t y stands o r n o t o n the p o s i tions o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , this i s b y n o m e a n s det e r m i n e d b y its c r i t i c a l a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s some theses e x p r e s s e d b y t h e leaders o f some f r a t e r n a l parties, n o r b y the s u b j e c t i v e e v a l u a t i o n t h a t m a y b e m a d e o f its l i n e a n d a c t i v i t y b y N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s followers. The criterion of t r u t h is life, practice; t h e r e f o r e the i n d i v i d u a l s a n d the v a r i o u s p a r t i e s s h o u l d b e j u d g e d b y the facts, b y t h e i r p r a c t i c a l a c t i v i t y . T h e p a t h t r a v e r s e d b y the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , the l i n e i t has p u r s u e d r i g h t f r o m its f o u n d i n g , its 20-year o l d p o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t y , are the m o s t c o n v i n c i n g facts a t t e s t i n g t o its f i r m l o y a l t y t o w a r d s M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , t o w a r d s the great cause of s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m as w e l l as t o w a r d s the cause of the w o r l d peace.

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O u r P a r t y o f L a b o r h a s m a d e its s p e c i a l r e m a r k s a b o u t some theses of p r i n c i p l e of the 20th C o n g r e s s a n d a b o u t some stands o f t h e S o v i e t l e a ders, w i t h w h i c h i t has n o t a g r e e d , t h r o u g h n o r m a l p a r t y channels, o b s e r v i n g t h e r e b y a l l t h e j o i n t l y established principles governing the relations between the fraternal parties. As regards our r e m a r k s r e l a t i n g t o t h e f o r e i g n p o l i c y a n d the p r o b l e m s o f the p r e s e n t - d a y w o r l d d e v e l o p m e n t , w e m e n t i o n e d t h e m above. L e t u s n o w see a n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t p r o blem about w h i c h we have held and continue to h o l d o p i n i o n s d i f f e r e n t f r o m those o f the S o v i e t leaders. T h e q u e s t i o n i s a b o u t the a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s J . V . S t a l i n and his w o r k . According to the views of our Party, N. K h r u shchev had to u n c r o w n first J. V. S t a l i n and his w o r k i n o r d e r t o f o r w a r d h i s o p p o r t u n i s t theses t o the 20th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e Soviet U n i o n and spread t h e m later. He d i d this by h i s s p e c i a l r e p o r t d e l i v e r e d at the 20th congress Concerning the personality cult and its c o n sequences. Our Party has not agreed a n d does n o t a g r e e w i t h t h e c r i t i c i s m a g a i n s t S t a l i n , a s i t w a s effected a t t h e 20th C o n g r e s s a n d l a t e r . N. Khrushchev, slandering our P a r t y at the 22nd C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o viet U n i o n , a n d c r u d e l y i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h o u r d o mestic a f f a i r s , s a i d t h a t t h e A l b a n i a n leaders w e r e against the c r i t i c i s m o f S t a l i n ' s p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t b e cause t h e p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t m e t h o d s a r e a l l e g e d l y t h r i v i n g i n o u r P a r t y , t h a t t e r r o r a n d i n j u s t i c e are

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a l l e g e d l y r e i g n i n g i n A l b a n i a . W e s h a l l not stop here to reject these slanders, b u t the fact t h a t t h e i r a u t h o r has f a l l e n s o l o w a s t o m o b i l i z e t h e p u b l i c o p i n i o n against o u r P a r t y u s i n g s u c h a r g u m e n t s b o r r o w e d f r o m the most r a b i d enemies o f s o c i a l i s m and communism, shows his d a r k aims. It is evident t h a t b y l i n k i n g a t the 22nd C o n g r e s s h i s u n s u b s t a n t i a t e d attacks o n the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a w i t h his f i g h t against S t a l i n ' s c u l t a n d t h e a n t i - p a r t y group, N . K h r u s h c h e v a i m e d a t s h o w i n g the a n a logy b e t w e e n t h e alleged A l b a n i a n S t a l i n i s m a n d the epoch o f the S t a l i n i s t c r i m e s i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , i n o r d e r t o create i n t h i s w a y t h e a t m o s phere h e needed a t t h e C o n g r e s s a n d i n the w o r l d public opinion to m a k e his slanders m o r e credible. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has a l w a y s t a k e n a n d continues t o t a k e account o f the t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m c o n c e r n i n g the r o l e o f t h e m a s ses, classes, p a r t y a n d leaders. It has a l w a y s c o n s i d e r e d a n d continues to c o n s i d e r the m a n i f e s t a t i o n of the personality cult as phenomenon alien to M a r x i s m Leninism, h a r m f u l to a communist and w o r k e r s ' p a r t y . O u r P a r t y has not hesitated, w h e n the case has been, t o c r i t i c i z e w h i l e s t i l l i n e m b r y o t h e v a r i o u s m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f this k i n d a m o n g its r a n k s , a s i t d i d a t its T h i r d C o n g r e s s . L i k e w i s e , o u r P a r t y , w h e n t h e case has been, has b o l d l y f o u g h t a n d h a s n i p p e d i n the b u d a n y v i o l a t i o n o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y legality, a n y abuse o f the state p o w e r b y a n y b o d y , a s i t d i d a t its F i r s t C o n g r e s s . E v e r y b o d y k n o w s w h a t w a s the f a t e o f the e n e m y o f the P a r t y a n d people K o i X o x e a n d c o m p a n y , w h o b e f o r e the

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y e a r 1948, i n c i t e d b y t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d a b u s i n g the t r u s t g i v e n t o t h e m b y t h e people a n d P a r t y , v i o l a t e d t h e state l a w s i n o r d e r t o d i g the g r a v e t o t h e P a r t y a n d state cadres. T h e r e does n o t e x i s t i n o u r P a r t y e i t h e r the sickness o f t h e p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t o r the v i o l a t i o n o f t h e socialist l e g a l i t y . B u t a t t h e s a m e t i m e , w h i l e g u a r d i n g i t s e l f against t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f the p e r s o n a l i t y cult, o u r P a r t y , i n a c o r r e c t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t w a y , n o u r i s h e d l o v e a n d respect f o r its l e a ders s t r i c t l y o b s e r v i n g t h e socialist l e g a l i t y , o u r P a r t y a n d o u r people's p o w e r a r e s e v e r e t o w a r d s the enemies of o u r People's Republic, towards all those w h o seek t o b u r y t h e h i s t o r i c v i c t o r i e s o f o u r people. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , t h e r e f o r e , has been a n d i s opposed t o the c r i t i c i s m d o n e t o J . V . S t a l i n a t t h e 20th C o n g r e s s a n d w h i c h w a s r e p e a t e d a l s o a t t h e 2 2 n d C o n g r e s s f o r some other reasons of p r i n c i p l e . A c c o r d i n g t o the v i e w p o i n t o f o u r P a r t y , J . V . Stalin, in his entire theoretical a n d practical activity, has b e e n a n d r e m a i n s one o f the m o s t d i s t i n g u i s h e d leaders a n d p e r s o n a l i t i e s n o t o n l y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n and the Communist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , b u t also o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r ' s m o v e m e n t , one o f t h e m o s t a r d e n t d e f e n ders a n d greatest t h e o r e t i c i a n s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . H i s g r e a t h i s t o r i c m e r i t lies i n the fact that f o r m a n y y e a r s in succession he had been a l o y a l disciple and determined comrade-in-arms of V. I. L e n i n i n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r the o v e r t h r o w o f T z a r i s m

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a n d the t r i u m p h o f the G r e a t O c t o b e r S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u t i o n ; w h i l e f o l l o w i n g Lenin's death, h e a d i n g the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , h e f a i t h f u l l y d e f e n d e d L e n i n i s m against the r a b i d a t t a c k s b y the T r o t z k y i t e s , B u k h a r i n i t e s , Z i n o v i e v i t e s a n d other e n e m i e s a n d r o u t e d t h e m i d e o l o g i c a l l y a n d politically. J. V. Stalin, as the m a i n leader of the P a r t y , m a d e a great c o n t r i b u t i o n to t h e s u c c e s s f u l d i r e c t i o n o f the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s o c i a l i s m i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the G r e a t P a t r i o t i c W a r o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n against f a s c i s m ; h e f u r t h e r d e v e l o p e d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m i n a series o f i m p o r t a n t q u e s tions of the S o v i e t socialist s o c i e t y a n d t h e c o n s truction of socialism and c o m m u n i s m ; he made a v a l u a b l e c o n t r i b u t i o n to t h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n of t h e socialist c a m p a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o vement, as w e l l as to the e x p o s u r e of m o d e r n r e v i sionism in the person of Tito's revisionist traitorous g r o u p . B y thus a p p r a i s i n g J . V . S t a l i n ' s a c t i v i t y , there i s n o t d o u b t t h a t the e r r o r s h e m a y h a v e c o m m i t t e d d u r i n g the last y e a r s o f h i s l i f e w e r e p a r t i a l a n d they c a n n o t serve as a c r i t e r i o n to m a k e a g e neral evaluation of J. V. Stalin's person and his a c t i v i t y . I n the g e n e r a l e v a l u a t i o n o f J . V . S t a l i n ' s a c t i v i t y , i n t h e f o r e g r o u n d s t a n d h i s great m e r i t s , his f i g h t f o r the defense o f L e n i n i s m , h i s s t r u g g l e f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s o c i a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , his s t r u g g l e f o r the c r e a t i o n a n d c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f the socialist c a m p , f o r the s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t ; his consistent f i g h t against i m p e r i a l i s m ; his p o l i c y f o r the defence o f peace a n d t h e

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p e a c e f u l coexistence. T h e y c o n s t i t u t e h i s m a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f e a t u r e as a l e a d e r a n d as a c o m m u n i s t . S u c h has b e e n a n d r e m a i n s t h e f i r m p o s i t i o n o f the P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a relating to the evaluation of J. V. Stalin's work. N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s w r o n g position in his criticism against J . V . S t a l i n lies i n t h e fact t h a t : a) he unilaterally and tendentiously exaggerated b e y o n d m e a s u r e J . V . S t a l i n ' s m i s t a k e s g o i n g e v e n to s u c h l e n g t h s as to m a k e base s l a n d e r s against h i m . S t a l i n was presented by h i m almost as an enemy of the Soviet U n i o n a n d c o m m u n i s m ; he w a s c h a r a c t e r i z e d as b r u t a l , capricious, as a despot, m u r d e r e r b l o o d - t h i r s t y a n d c r i m i n a l t o w a r d s t h e P a r t y cadres a n d t h e l o y a l a n d tested r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , a n d as a dupe of t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d fascists, a s a m a n w h o c o m m i t t e d great follies, b o t h i n p r a c t i c e a n d t h e o r e t i c a l questions, Who d i d n o t u n d e r s t a n d o f w h a t w a s b e i n g d o n e i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , w h o m a n i f e s t e d a lack o f respect t o w a r d s L e n i n ' s m e m o r y , a n d m a n y o t h e r charges o f t h i s k i n d . T h e d e t a c h e d statements m a d e at t h e 20th C o n g r e s s a n d a f t e r it, to t h e effect that Stalin remains a distinguished M a r x i s t - L e n i nist, etc., a r e e n t i r e l y f o r m a l a n d w e r e m a d e t o m i tigate t h e b a d i m p r e s s i o n a n d t h e l a w f u l a n g e r a r o u s e d i n the c o m m u n i s t s o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d b y these a c c u s a t i o n s a g a i n s t S t a l i n . I n fact, n e i t h e r a t the 20th C o n g r e s s n o r u p t o d a y t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d its p r o p a g a n d a has m a d e n o p o s i t i v e appraisal of J. V. Stalin's theoretical legacy to show his positive

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sides a n d his c o n t r i b u t i o n t o the defense a n d f u r ther d e v e l o p m e n t o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . T h i s i n h u m a n e a t t i t u d e r e a c h e d its c l i m a x a t t h e 22nd Congress o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , w h e r e n o t o n l y w e r e r e p e a t e d the a c c u s a tions o f the 20th Congress, this t i m e p u b l i c l y , b u t there w a s a d o p t e d also a s p e c i a l d e c i s i o n to r e m o v e J. V. Stalin's embalmed body f r o m the mausoleum. U n a b l e t o reject S t a l i n b y a r g u m e n t s o f p r i n c i p l e i n the f i e l d o f t h e o r e t i c a l a c t i v i t y a n d creativeness, Khrushchev, in order to fight Stalin, introduces t h e q u e s t i o n i n t o the police a n d espionage f i e l d , a n d h e took measures also f o r the l i q u i d a t i o n o f S t a l i n ' s corpse. H o w m u c h h y p o c r i t i c a l l y s o u n d , f o l l o w i n g a l l these actions, N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s w o r d s p r o n o u n ced in J a n u a r y 1957 to t h e effect t h a t w h e n i t w a s the q u e s t i o n o f the r e v o l u t i o n , of the defense of the i n t e r e s t s o f t h e class o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , i n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e against o u r class enemies, S t a l i n d e f e n d e d b r a v e l y a n d i r r e c o n c i l i a b l y t h e cause o f M a r x i s m - L e n i nism, t h a t i n the m a i n a n d f u n d a m e n t a l thing and the m a i n and fundamental t h i n g f o r the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s i s t h e d e fense of w o r k i n g class interests, of t h e cause o f socialism, t h e f i g h t against t h e enemies of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m in t h i s m a i n a n d f u n d a m e n t a l t h i n g , a s i t i s said, p r a y g o d e v e r y c o m m u n i s t b e able t o fight as S t a l i n fought.

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b ) N . K h r u s h c h e v , a t t h e 20th C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , a n d the soviet p r o p a g a n d a f o l l o w i n g t h a t congress, u n i l a t e r a l l y t r e a t e d t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e f i g h t against the p e r s o n a l i t y cult, t h r o w i n g i n t o o b l i v i o n t h e L e n i n i s t d o c t r i n e a b o u t t h e r e l a t i o n s a m o n g t h e masses, classes, p a r t i e s a n d leaders. T h e great L e n i n , e s p e c i a l l y i n his b o o k o f g e n i u s L e f t i s m i n f a n tile sickness i n c o m m u n i s m , f o r c e f u l l y p o i n t e d out the i n d i s p e n s a b i l i t y o f t h e c r e a t i o n , i n e v e r y M a r x i s t p a r t y , of a g r o u p of leaders, m o r e or less p e r m a n e n t , c o m p o s e d o f t h e most a u t h o r i t a t i v e , m o s t i n f l u e n t i a l a n d m o s t e x p e r i e n c e d persons. W i t h o u t s u c h a stable l e a d e r s h i p t h e s t r u g g l e of t h e w o r k i n g class a n d its c o m m u n i s t p a r t y c a n n o t b e c r o w n e d w i t h success. I n contrast w i t h these clear teachings o f L e n i n , a t t h e 20th Congress, u n d e r t h e p r e t e x t o f t h e f i g h t against the p e r s o n a l i t y cult, t h e mass democracy was contraposed to the role of the leaders. It is not b a d to recall w h a t V. I. L e n i n writes in connection w i t h this: T o a r r i v e f o r t h i s r e a s o n at s u c h a p o i n t a s t o oppose i n g e n e r a l t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p of the masses to the d i c t a t o r s h i p of the leaders, is an a b s u r d i t y a n d a f o l l y . It is especially ridiculous w h e n y o u see that the o l d leaders w h o had h u m a n v i e w p o i n t s a b o u t s i m p l e things, are i n d e e d r e p l a c e d ( u n d e r the m a s k o f the s l o g a n : d o w n w i t h t h e leaders!) b y young leaders w h o s a y nonsenses w h i c h w e i g h

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nothing. (V. I. L e n i n , W o r k s , v o l 31, p. 31, A l b a n i a n edition). N. K h r u s h c h e v and his group used for their own a n t i - M a r x i s t aims a n d this is becoming ever more clear the alleged principled criticism against S t a l i n ' s p e r s o n a l i t y cult. H o w h e u s e d i t a n d f o r w h a t purposes h e i s a c t i n g i n the i n t e r n a l p l a n (in t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n ) this i s not o u r business, this m a y b e j u d g e d o n l y b y t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . D e s p i t e this, w e can b u t n o t e that i n fact N . K h r u s h c h e v , d e a l i n g w i t h t h e crimes t h a t h a v e b e e n c o m m i t t e d i n S t a l i n ' s epoch, w i t h the m u r d e r s of the i n n o c e n t people, w i t h the e l i m i n a t i o n of thousands of cadres t h r o u g h false c o u r t trials, w i t h the r e g i m e o f terror, w h i c h i s d e s c r i b e d w i t h a n u n b r i d l e d e n t h u s i a s m , i n the d a r k e s t colours, m a k i n g a l l these things k n o w n to the international public opinion, is r e n d e r i n g a v e r y b a d s e r v i c e to the S o v i e t U n i o n , p l e a s i n g o n l y the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d a l l the e n e m i e s o f c o m m u n i s m . N . K h r u s h c h e v has accused t h e leadership of our P a r t y of the just criticism, also a t p a r t y meetings, against some u n l a w f u l actions w i t h r e g a r d t o o u r c o u n t r y , a l l e g i n g t h a t the A l b a n i a n leaders t h r o w m u d a t the S o v i e t Union. But how zeal of h i s to epoch o f the viet U n i o n , to s h o u l d w e c a l l t h i s same u n b r i d l e d d a r k e n a w h o l e g l o r i o u s epoch, the construction of socialism in the Sod i s c r e d i t b e f o r e the eyes of the w h o l e

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w o r l d the glory of the Soviet U n i o n , presenting it as the country w h e r e terror a n d murders have allegedly reigned, just as the w h o l e reactionary b o u r g e o i s press has p r o p a g a n d i z e d a n d i s p r o p a gandizing? I s i t n o t h e h i m s e l f that, b y h i s actions, i s disc r e d i t i n g the S o v i e t U n i o n ? I s h e n o t g r a v e l y o f f e n d i n g the h e r o i s m o f the S o v i e t peoples w h o , i n s t r u g g l e w i t h i n t e r n a l a n d e x t e r n a l enemies, i n s t r u g g l e w i t h countless d i f f i c u l t i e s a n d obstacles, u n d e r the l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e i r C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w h i c h w a s l e d b y S t a l i n , l a i d the f o u n d a t i o n s o f t h e socialist a n d c o m m u n i s t society i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , w h e n he proposes that there should be e r e c t e d in M o s c o w a m e m o r i a l to the v i c t i m s of t h e p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t ? S o m e o n e calls s u c h actions a bold self-criticism Let them t h i n k more deeply a b o u t h o w m u c h g o o d a n d h o w m a n y e v i l s has this k i n d o f b o l d s e l f - c r i t i c i s m b r o u g h t t o the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . N. K h r u s h c h e v , speaking of the iniquities a n d v i c t i m s o f the p e r i o d o f the p e r s o n a l i t y cult, declaring the various court trials as framed-up, r e gardless o f the fact t h a t i n a l l t h a t s t r u g g l e there m i g h t h a v e b e e n m a d e also some m i s t a k e s , appears t o b e consistent w i t h his a n t i - M a r x i s t concepts about i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its s e r v i t o r s . Indeed, h e r e n d e r e d a service to i m p e r i a l i s m , f o r he presents i t a s n o t d a n g e r o u s t o the c o u n t r i e s w h i c h a r e b u i l d i n g u p s o c i a l i s m ; h e i s w e a k e n i n g the v i g i l a n c e o f t h e peoples i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t the espionage n e t w o r k o f i m p e r i a l i s m w h i c h has acted a n d i s

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f i e r c e l y a c t i n g against the socialist c a m p . N . K h r u s h c h e v a d o p t e d his tactics of s i l e n c e also t o w a r d s the p l o t o r g a n i z e d b y t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , t h e G r e e k m o n a r c h o - f a s c i s t a n d t h e U n i t e d States 6 t h fleet, a p l o t w h i c h w a s e x p o s e d in o u r c o u n t r y a f e w m o n t h s ago. M o r e o v e r , a f t e r h a v i n g r e c o m m e n ded these tactics also t o some o t h e r f r a t e r n a l p a r ties, h e s p r e a d t h e s l o g a n t h a t t h e p l o t w a s a n i n vention, that the participants in this plot w e r e patriots a n d honest fighters, w h o m later, a t t h e 22nd congress o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o viet U n i o n , i n his c o n c l u d i n g speech, h e o p e n l y took t h e m u n d e r h i s p r o t e c t i o n . W h i l e n o t l o n g ago N. Khrushchev formally accused the A l b a n i a n leaders o f b e i n g connected w i t h t h e i m p e r i a l i s t espionage. T h e r e f o r e , a c c o r d i n g t o his logic, i t f o l l o w s t h a t h e w h o f i g h t s against i m p e r i a l i s m , h e w h o fights against its agents, h e w h o fights f o r the defense o f the f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n dence o f t h e socialist h o m e l a n d , i s a n agent o f i m p e r i a l i s m . A n d conversely, h e w h o rises against the people's p o w e r a n d the P a r t y , h e w h o places h i m s e l f at t h e service of t h e e n e m i e s of s o c i a l i s m , is a m a r t y r , a good p a t r i o t , he is t a k e n u n d e r p r o t e c t i o n b y the l e a d e r o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , t o s u c h persons t h e r e w i l l b e erected m e m o r i a l s also. The question of has been used b y N . nism, to prepare the ninism and spread the f i g h t a g a i n s t S t a l i n ' s c u l t Khrushchev to uncrown L e n i ground to revise M a r x i s m - L e his opportunist views in the

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most i m p o r t a n t questions o f the p r e s e n t - d a y w o r l d d e v e l o p m e n t a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o vement. T h i s a c t i o n a n d the tactics o f h i s are n e i ther n e w n o r o r i g i n a l . I n fact, i n h i s f i g h t a g a i n s t L e n i n i s m T r o t z k y , too, u s e d t h e s a m e tactics. . . . T r o t z k y i n his w r i t i n g s J . V . S t a l i n says m a k e s one m o r e (one m o r e ! ) attempt to prepare the conditions for the substitution of T r o t z k y i s m to Leninism. T r o t z k y has t o discredit, a t a l l costs, t h e P a r t y , its cadres t h a t c a r r i e d out the u p r i sing w i t h a v i e w to passing f r o m the discredit of the P a r t y to the discredit of L e n i n i s m . W h i l e h e needs t h e d i s c r e dit of Leninism to smuggle in Trotzkyism as the only proletarian ideol o g y (don't t a k e i t f o r a j o k e ) . A l l this i s c e r t a i n l y (yes, c e r t a i n l y ) , done u n d e r t h e banner of L e n i n i s m , so that the procedure o f this s m u g g l i n g s h o u l d b e c a r r i e d out w i t h o u t a n y d a m a g e a t all. ( J . V . S t a l i n , W o r k s , v o l . 6, p. 361, A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n ) . N. K h r u s h c h e v used Stalin's question to s t r i k e o n the h e a l t h y M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t e l e m e n t s i n the leaderships of the communist and w o r k e r s ' parties o f the d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s , t o scare, a n d i n case o f resistance, also t o l i q u i d a t e a n y one w h o w o u l d dare to object; to r e d u c e to silence the other p a r ties a n d v a r i o u s l e a d e r s w h o w o u l d not s u p p o r t

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h i s r e v i s i o n i s t v i e w s , h i s course. T h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e p e r s o n a l i t y cult, in short, w a s u s e d as a b u g b e a r to exercise pressure on the other parties and to l i q u i d a t e the leaders w h o w e r e n o t t o the l i k i n g o f N . K h r u s h c h e v . T h e s e a i m s w h i c h , but r e c e n t l y , w e r e concealed by him, covering them w i t h a principled and Marxist phraseology, were o p e n l y stated a t t h e 22nd C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u nist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n . K h r u s h c h e v said i n h i s speech: T o p u t a n e n d t o the p e r s o n a l i t y cult m e a n s f o r S h e h u , H o x h a a n d others t o r e n o u n c e i n essence t h e c o m m a n d i n g posts i n t h e P a r t y a n d state. A n d a d d e d t h a t such a t h i n g t h e y do not w a n t to do. I f w e t a k e account o f the fact t h a t i n the s a m e s p e e c h he, a s w e m e n t i o n e d above, t a k e s u n d e r p r o t e c t i o n a n d considers a s p a t r i o t s t h e a n t i - p a r t y e l e m e n t s a n d agents o f i m p e r i a l i s m , p a r t i c i p a n t s i n the p l o t o r g a n i z e d b y the i m p e r i a l i s t s a g a i n s t t h e People's R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a , t h e n c l e a r l y f o l l o w s N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s p r i n c i p l e d f i g h t against t h e personality cult in A l b a n i a , his great concern! He i s s e e k i n g t o l i q u i d a t e t h e p r e s e n t - d a y leaders o f o u r P a r t y a n d place i n t h e i r stead the a n t i - p a r t y e l e m e n t s a n d a n y plotter, agent o f i m p e r i a l i s m . That N. Khrushchev, under the pretext of the f i g h t against t h e p e r s o n a l i t y cult, i s s e e k i n g t o u n c r o w n L e n i n i s m i n o r d e r t o p a v e the w a y t o r e v i s i o n i s m , i s k n o w n also b y t h e fact t h a t h e i s b y n o

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means c o n c e r n e d w i t h the j u s t a n d p r i n c i p l e d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t f i g h t against t h e p e r s o n a l i t y cult. F o r , if s u c h w e r e the case, i r r e s p e c t i v e of h i s d e m a g o g i c a l w o r d s , h e c o u l d not h a v e h e l p e d n o t i cing that at present in the Soviet U n i o n manifestat i o n s o f the p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t a r e a p p e a r i n g w i t h e v e r y p a s s i n g day, a n d e v e n i n m o r e o p e n a n d e x a l t i n g f o r m s f o r h i s o w n p e r s o n . T h u s , one c a n h a r d l y f i n d a n issue o f t h e S o v i e t i l l u s t r a t e d r e v i e w s i n w h i c h o n e w i l l n o t f i n d p i c t u r e s o f N . K h r u s h c h e v ; the pages o f t h e S o v i e t press a r e f u l l o f q u o t a t i o n s f r o m his speeches, h e i s t h e o n l y one t o speak i n a l l parts a n d a b o u t a l l q u e s t i o n s ; a w h o l e f i l m i s d e voted to his life, a n d other films to his visits to v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s o f the w o r l d : n u m e r o u s p r a i s e s are m a d e t o h i m i n v a r i o u s speeches a n d w r i t i n g s a t t r i b u t i n g t o h i m p e r s o n a l l y the greatest successes o f t h e S o v i e t people i n t h e f i e l d o f t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f i n d u s t r y , science a n d t e c h n o l o g y . G r e a t , f e v e r i s h e f f o r t s are b e i n g e x e r t e d t o present K h r u s h c h e v not o n l y as a great m i l i t a r y strategist, b u t also a l m o s t a s a n architect o f t h e v i c t o r y o v e r f a s c i s m i n t h e Second W o r l d War. W h e r e does t h e n lie N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s respect f o r p r i n c i p l e s i n t h e f i g h t against the m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f t h e p e r s o n a l i t y cult, w h i c h h e s o n o i s i l y a d v e r tizes i n h i s u n p r i n c i p l e d f i g h t against the o t h e r f r a t e r n a l parties a n d t h e i r l e a d e r s ? This is w h y , comrades, our P a r t y has n o t a g r e e d a n d does n o t a g r e e w i t h the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p i n the question of their criticism towards Stalin.

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O u r P a r t y o f L a b o r has n o t agreed a n d does n o t agree w i t h t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p also a s r e gards the q u e s t i o n o f t h e a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s the p r e sent-day revisionism, and especially towards the traitorous clique of the Y u g o s l a v revisionists. N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d his g r o u p u s e d S t a l i n ' s issue a n d the issue o f t h e p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t also t o p r e p a r e the g r o u n d f o r the c o m p l e t e r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t a n d t r a i t o r o u s clique, to p r e s e n t it as a victim of Stalin's errors, encouraging thereby the r e v i s i o n i s t renegades, w h e r e v e r t h e y are, to begin their activity against Marxism-Leninism u n d e r the d e m a g o g i c a l slogans o f a n t i - S t a l i n i s m , etc. It is k n o w n that Tito's revisionist clique was p u b l i c l y c o n d e m n e d b o t h b y t h e k n o w n letters o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y (Bolsheviks) of the Soviet Union, signed by J . V . Stalin and V . M . Molotov, and b y the June 1948 r e s o l u t i o n of t h e I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u of some communist a n d w o r k e r s ' parties Concerning the s i t u a t i o n i n the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f Y u g o s l a v i a , which was later supported by a l l the communist a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s o f t h e w o r l d . L a t e r on, i n N o v e m b e r 1949, a second r e s o l u t i o n of the I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u was issued stating that the T i t o clique had f i n a l l y d e g e n e r a t e d i n t o a n espionage center o f i m p e r i a l i s m , t h a t i t h a d l i q u i d a t e d the g a i n s o f t h e revolution in Yugoslavia, that it h a d diverted Y u g o s l a v i a f r o m the r o a d t o s o c i a l i s m a n d the soc i a l i s t c a m p a n d p l a c e d h e r o n the e c o n o m i c a n d political dependence of imperialism, that the T i t o

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g a n g w a g e d a b r o a d - s c a l e a c t i v i t y of espionage a n d plots against the v a r i o u s socialist c o u n t r i e s , t h a t i t s u p p o r t e d i n d i f f e r e n t f o r m s the i m p e r i a l i s t p o l i c y o f w a r a n d aggression, etc. T h e v i e w p o i n t o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has been a n d r e m a i n s t h a t t h e c o n c l u s i o n s o f S t a l i n a n d the I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the renegade revisionist clique of Tito, have been a n d r e m a i n correct. T h e s e c o n c l u s i o n s h a v e b e e n b o r n e o u t a n d are b e i n g b o r n e out b o t h b y the Y u g o s l a v r e a l i t y a t t h a t t i m e a n d the l a t e r a n d present d a y events. T h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s b e c a m e the c e n t r e of d i v e r s i o n a n d plots at t h e i m p e r i a l i s t service a g a i n s t t h e c o u n t r i e s o f t h e socialist c a m p . U n d e r their direction was w o r k i n g in A l b a n i a K o i Xoxe's g a n g , w h i c h a i m e d a t d e s t r o y i n g the P a r t y o f L a b o r a n d a t l i q u i d a t i n g the people's p o w e r . F r o m Tito's Y u g o s l a v i a were illegally smuggled in the socialist c o u n t r i e s h u n d r e d s and thousands of agents a n d p r o v o c a t o r s , spies and diversionists, w h o s e d u t y w a s t e r r o r , sabotage, h a t c h i n g u p o f plots against s o c i a l i s m i n these c o u n t r i e s . T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t s c l i q u e has m o r e a n d m o r e o p e n l y since 1948 a n d o n , p l a c e d i t s e l f at t h e s e r v i c e of the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , w i t h w h i c h i t i s l i n k e d w i t h the m i l l i o n s a n d b i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s i n the f o r m o f U.S. economic and m i l i t a r y credits to Y u g o s l a v i a , w i t h w h i c h i t i s l i n k e d b y t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n the B a l k a n P a c t , w h i c h i s n o t h i n g else b u t a n a p p e n d a g e t o the A t l a n t i c P a c t , w i t h w h i c h i t i s l i n k e d b y the p o l i c y o f d i v e r s i o n a n d plots against the socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d the national liberation movement of the n e w l y

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l i b e r a t e d peoples o r o f those s t i l l s u f f e r i n g u n d e r the clutches of c o l o n i a l i s m . U n t i l 1955, a l l the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties w e r e u n a n i m o u s i n c o n d e m n i n g t h e Y u goslav r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p a n d w e r e w a g i n g a f i r m and principled ideological-political struggle against it. However, precisely at that time N . K h r u s h c h e v a n n o u n c e d that t o w a r d s J u g o s l a v i a a n d h e r leaders h a d a l l e g e d l y been done a great i n justice, t h a t u n d e r the influence of the agent B e r i a g r o u n d l e s s charges h a d been l e v e l l e d against t h e m , t h a t i n t h e Y u g o s l a v issue, too, J . V . S t a l i n h a d a l l e g e l y m a d e a serious m i s t a k e . A n d i m m e d i a tely h e took the i n i t i a t i v e , w e n t t o B e l g r a d e , w h e r e he c a l l e d T i t o dear comrade, t h r e w to the b a s k e t o n e s i d e d l y t h e r e s o l u t i o n o f the I n f o r m a t i o n B u reau and l o u d l y annouced that Y u g o s l a v i a is a socialist c o u n t r y a n d t h a t t h e Y u g o s l a v leaders, a l t h o u g h t h e y h a v e some w a v e r i n g s , a r e i n general Marxist-Leninists. W h a t does t h e e x p e r i e n c e , w h a t does the l i f e show? T h e experience and life both before and a f t e r 1955 s h o w t h a t i n the assessment o f t h e Yugoslav question Stalin and the Information B u r e a u w e r e r i g h t , because t h e i r assessment rested o n o b j e c t i v e facts, o n the teachings o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . T h e e x p e r i e n c e a n d t h e p r a c t i c a l life, o n t h e other h a n d , s h o w t h a t i n t h e i r s t a n d t o w a r d s T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d those w h o f o l l o w h i m a r e n o t r i g h t , because t h e i r actions a r e based o n s u b j e c t i v e v i e w p o i n t s a n d a r e c o n t r a r y

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to t h e t e a c h i n g s of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , c o n t r a r y to the o b j e c t i v e r e a l i t y . L e t u s r e f e r t o facts. W h a t h a v e been the r e sults of the efforts to rehabilitate the Tito clique? T h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t leaders h a v e g i v e n u p neither their anti-Marxist viewpoints nor their hostile a c t i v i t y against t h e socialist c a m p a n d t h e fraternal C o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties. The most obvious result brought about by N. K h r u s h chev's e f f o r t s w a s t h e fact t h a t a f t e r 1955, p o s s i b i lities w e r e c r e a t e d f o r t h e g a n g o f Y u g o s l a v r e negades t o act m o r e f r e e l y against the w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d the c o u n t r i e s o f the socialist c a m p u n d e r t h e guise o f the persecuted comrade, e x p l o i t i n g i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n e v e n the p a t r o n a g e o f the f i r s t s e c r e t a r y o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n . The rehabilitation of the Y u g o s l a v revisionists brought w i t h it also the r e h a b i l i t a t i o n of a l l t h e i r agents a n d companions in some fraternal parties where, under t h e m a s k of c o r r e c t i n g t h e m i s t a k e s , a t r u e c a m p a i g n s t a r t e d against t h e s o u n d cadres o f the P a r t y a n d an activation of a l l the a n t i - P a r t y elements. T h i s h a p p e n e d i n some p a r t i e s o f the socialist c o u n tries i n E u r o p e , a s w e l l a s i n some p a r t i e s o f the c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . T h e m o s t t y p i c a l i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n are t h e events o f H u n g a r y , w h e r e the a c t i v a t i o n o f the revisionist elements, headed by Imre Nagy, w h o h a d the a c t i v e support and instigation o f the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , l e d u p t o t h e o u t b r e a k o f the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , w h i c h p u t i n d a n g e r the v e r y e x i s t e n c e of H u n g a r y as a people's democratic state.

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I n spite o f this, N . K h r u s h c h e v c o n t i n u o u s l y , w i t h great c o n f i d e n c e i n T i t o a n d h i s c o m p a n i o n s , p u r s u e d i n s i s t e n t l y the p o l i c y o f r a p p r o c h e m e n t , flatteries a n d caresses w i t h t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o nists. T h e events o f H u n g a r y s h o w s t i l l m o r e c l e a r l y this s t a n d . W h e n the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n s t a r t e d i n H u n g a r y , i t w a s clear t o e v e r y b o d y t h a t i n the H u n g a r i a n e v e n t s a base r o l e w a s b e i n g p l a y e d b y the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h i s w a s seen i n t h e i r i n f l u e n c e i n the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y discussions o f the Petoefi club, this w a s seen d u r i n g t h e c o u n t e r revolutionary uprising and the enthusiasm expressed b y the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s a t t h a t t i m e , b u t i t w a s s t i l l m o r e c l e a r l y seen also i n the fact t h a t the t r a i t o r I m r e N a g y , after the s m a s h i n g o f the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , f o u n d a s y l u m a t the Y u g o s l a v embassy in Budapest. Instead of mercilessly u n m a s k i n g the B e l g r a d e renegades a s d i r e c t i n s p i r e r s of the counter-revolutionary coup in H u n g a r y , N. Khrushchev tried in every w a y to mitigate their responsibility, to m i n i m i z e it and, finally, to e l i m i nate i t e n t i r e l y . T h e f o r m e r a m b a s s a d o r o f the Soviet U n i o n at that time in A l b a n i a , L. I. K r y l o v , c o m m u n i c a t e d t o t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the Party of Labor of Albania the letter that N . K h r u s h c h e v h a d sent o n N o v e m b e r 9th, 1956 t o J . B . T i t o . I n t h i s letter, a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s , K h r u s h c h e v w r o t e t o T i t o the f o l l o w i n g : The C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n has e x a m i n e d y o u r last letter. W e c o n s i d e r i t pos-

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s i b l e t o agree w i t h y o u r v i e w p o i n t s t h a t no special importance should be given n o w to the question whether the Y u g o s l a v e m bassy i n B u d a p e s t h a s a c t e d c o r r e c t l y o r n o t by g i v i n g a s y l u m to Imre N a g y and his c o m panions. We are noting w i t h satisfaction that since the B r i o n i t talks y o u have been in f u l l agreement w i t h our stand towards c o m r a d e J a n o s K a d a r as a d i s t i n g u i s h e d personality and w i t h revolutionary authorit y i n H u n g a r y , c a p a b l e i n these d i f f i c u l t m o ments and conditions to head the new r e volutionary government... Y o u were fully s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h e fact t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , since t h e s u m m e r o f t h i s y e a r , i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the d e p a r t u r e o f R a koshi, was t r y i n g that comrade K a d a r s h o u l d b e c o m e f i r s t s e c r e t a r y o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the H u n g a r i a n W o r k i n g Peoples' Party. A n y c o m m e n t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h this letter i s superfluous. T h i s letter shows v e r y clearly that the first s e c r e t a r y o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e Communist P a r t y of the Soviet Union, trampling u n d e r f o o t a n y r e g u l a t i o n d e t e r m i n i n g the r e l a tions b e t w e e n t h e f r a t e r n a l parties, has gone so f a r as to i n t e r f e r e e v e n in an issue of so i m p o r t a n t a n d m a r k e d l y i n t e r n a l p a r t y c h a r a c t e r , a s i s the a p p o i n t m e n t i n t h e place o f t h e f i r s t s e c r e t a r y o f a f r a t e r n a l p a r t y of this or t h a t p e r s o n . It s h o w s

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also v e r y c l e a r l y t h a t N . K h r u s h c h e v has b e e n l o n g since i n f u l l a g r e e m e n t w i t h J . B . T i t o , t h a t h e has deemed it reasonable that for everything, even f o r the a p p o i n t m e n t of t h e f i r s t s e c r e t a r y of a n o t h e r P a r t y , t o consult J . B . T i t o , this e n e m y o f socialism, the v e r y inspirer and organiser of the counter-revolution in Hungary. F r o m this it is clearly understood and is e n t i r e l y l o g i c a l w h y N . K h r u s h c h e v t r i e d t o see the q u e s t i o n o f t h e Y u g o s l a v i n t e r v e n t i o n i n the H u n g a r i a n events c l o s e d : because t w o t h i n g s c a n n o t b e done s i m u l t a n e o u s l y , b o t h t o c o n s u l t T i t o a n d to expose T i t o . A f t e r Tito's notorious speech i n P u l a i n N o v e m b e r 1956, t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s against the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m w a s e n l i v e n e d a n d the Y u g o s l a v leaders w e r e c r i t i c i s e d f o r t h e i r s t a n d . B u t the t r a i t o r o u s T i t o g r o u p n o t o n l y d i d not m a k e a n y s e l f c r i t i c i s m o r a n y p o s i t i v e step t o w a r d s the c o m m u n i s t m o v e ment, b u t i n 1958 i t c o n s i d e r e d i t c o n v e n i e n t t o f o r m u l a t e a n d s u m u p its r e v i s i o n i s t ideas i n the P r o g r a m of the Yugoslav C o m m u n i s t League, w h i c h w a s p u b l i s h e d as a c o u n t e r w e i g h t to t h e Moscow Declaration of the C o m m u n i s t and W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s of N o v e m b e r 1957. It seemed a l r e a d y a s i f t h e r e w a s n o m o r e r o o m e v e n f o r t h e least i l l u s i o n , because T i t o a n d h i s g r o u p h a d o p e n l y written in their program w h a t they were hiding f o r years u n d e r demagogical pseudo-Marxist a n d pseudo-socialist slogans. B u t w h a t d i d h a p p e n ? A t

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t h e b e g i n n i n g , N . K h r u s h c h e v , w h o felt h i m s e l f embarassed before the public opinion and the international communist movement, although halfheartedly, took a stand concerning the Yugoslav revisionists. B u t this d i d not last long. W i t h a w o n d e r f u l n i m b l e n e s s a n d c o n t r a r y t o the m o s t e l e m e n t a r y logic, he, a t t h e F i f t h C o n g r e s s o f t h e S o c i a l i s t U n i t e d P a r t y o f G e r m a n y i n J u l y 1958, gave t h e o r i e n t a t i o n n o t t o speak o f t h e Y u g o s l a v revisionists, b y s a y i n g : In o u r s t r u g g l e f o r t h e c o m m o n questions we should not devote to the Yugoslav rev i s i o n i s t s m o r e a t t e n t i o n t h a n t h e y deserve. T h e y w a n t t h a t t h e i r v a l u e s h o u l d b e raised, t h a t p e o p l e s h o u l d t h i n k t h a t t h e y a r e the c e n t e r o f the w o r l d . . . W e w i l l n o t h e l p i n f a n n i n g the passions, i n a g g r a v a t i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s . E v e n , i n the s i t u a t i o n created in o u r relations w i t h the Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t League, it w i l l be useful to r e t a i n a s p a r k of hope, to seek acceptable f o r m s f o r s o m e questions. H e stressed t h i s also d u r i n g h i s v i s i t i n A l b a n i a i n M a y 1959. A t t h e s a m e t i m e , a g a i n s t a r t e d t o c i r c u l a t e m o r e a n d m o r e o f t e n the w o r d o n c o m rade Tito, propaganda started again that Yugos l a v i a is a socialist state, t h a t b e t w e e n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d Y u g o s l a v i a there e x i s t s m u t u a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g o n m a n y p r o b l e m s o f the f o r e i g n p o l i c y .

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It is appropriate to recall that V. I. L e n i n in h i s t i m e has w a g e d a n i r r e c o n c i l i a b l e f i g h t n o t o n l y against o p p o r t u n i s m , b u t also against those w h o p r e a c h e d the u n i t y w i t h the o p p o r t u n i s t s . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p o f the Y u g o s l a v l e a d e r ship, b e i n g left u n m o l e s t e d i n t h e i r treacherous, anti-socialist and plotting work, continued w i t h a g r e a t e r i n t e n s i t y t h e i r a c t i v i t y , b o t h t o s p l i t the communist movement and to undermine the n a tional liberation and anti-imperialist movement of t h e peoples f i g h t i n g f o r f r e e d o m , o r t h a t h a v e j u s t w o n their national freedom. W i t h every passing d a y the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s s h o w e d themselves enemies o f c o m m u n i s m a n d o f t h e peoples f r e e d o m . P r e c i s e l y because T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t g a n g is s u c h , the representatives of 81 f r a t e r n a l c o m m u n i s t and w o r k e r s ' parties r e s o l u t e l y c o n d e m n e d in the 1960 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s . A s i t i s k n o w n t h e D e c l a r a t i o n stresses t h a t the Y u g o s l a v leaders, h a v i n g b e t r a y e d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , detached t h e i r c o u n t r y f r o m t h e socialist camp, p u t it u n d e r t h e dependence of the socalled aid o f the U.S. a n d o t h e r i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d i n this w a y created the d a n g e r o f l o s i n g the r e v o l u t i o n a r y gains reached w i t h the h e r o i c s t r u g g l e o f the Y u g o s l a v people; t h a t t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s are c a r r y i n g out a n u n d e r m i n i n g a c t i v i t y against t h e socialist c a m p a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t h a t u n d e r t h e p r e t e x t o f the p o l i c y o f non alignment they conduct an activity which b r i n g s h a r m t o the q u e s t i o n o f the u n i t y o f a l l t h e p e a c e - l o v i n g forces a n d states. F i n a l l y , the D e c l a r a -

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t i o n stresses t h e n e e d f o r a c o n t i n u o u s s t r u g g l e t o expose f u l l y the g r o u p o f Y u g o s l a v leaders. H o w e v e r , a f t e r N o v e m b e r 1960, i n t h e m a j o r i t y of occasions, these correct theses of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n w e r e t h r o w n i n t o o b l i v i o n b y the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p . M o r e t h a n that, a s i f t o e n c o u r a g e T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t clique, t o appease its r e s e n t m e n t , S o viet l e a d e r s s a w i t r e a s o n a b l e t o m a k e w a r m o f f i c i a l statements a t the address o f t h e Y u g o s l a v comrades. T h u s , o n l y a f e w d a y s a f t e r t h e i s s u i n g of the D e c l a r a t i o n of t h e 81 f r a t e r n a l parties, t h e m e m b e r o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the C o m m u nist P a r t y a n d F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n A . G r o m y k o , a t the S u p r e m e S o v i e t o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o n D e c e m b e r 23rd, 1960, s t a t e d t h a t i n some f u n d a m e n t a l t h i n g s the f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f t h e S o viet U n i o n i s f u l l y c o m p a t i b l e w i t h the f o r e i g n p o licy of Yugoslavia. W h i l e N. K h r u s h c h e v himself, i n a n i n t e r v i e w t o the o b s e r v e r o f T h e N e w Y o r k Times, S u l t z b e r g e r , p u b l i s h e d b y P r a v d a o n S e p t e m b e r 10th, 1961, s t a t e d : O f course, w e c o n s i der Y u g o s l a v i a a socialist c o u n t r y . Is s u c h a s t a t e m e n t n o t c o n t r a r y to the D e c l a r a t i o n of t h e 81 f r a ternal Communist and Worker's Parties? Should it not be thought that the F i r s t Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n w i t h this statement w a s a i m i n g at appeasing the r e s e n t m e n t o f the Y u g o s l a v r e v i sionist leaders a n d a t m a k i n g to them publicly k n o w n , that w h a t is w r i t t e n in the M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n , o r also i n s o m e o t h e r d o c u m e n t o f t h e C o m -

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m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , i s f o r m a l , w h i l e h i s v i e w p o i n t s are o t h e r ? W h y is such a t h i n g happening? W h y is w i t h s u c h a persistence b e i n g h e l d s u c h a b e n e v o l e n t s t a n d t o w a r d s a g a n g of renegades of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , s u b m e r g e d h e a d a n d feet i n t h e s c u m o f r e v i s i o n i s m a n d o f t r e a c h e r y a n d , a t t h e same t i m e , are b e i n g r a b i d l y a t t a c k e d the communist and w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s w h i c h h a v e a l w a y s stood l o y a l t o the r e v o l u t i o n a r y teachings o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d the cause of socialism? T h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a could not and cannot agree w i t h s u c h a n o p p o r t u n i s t i c s t a n d t o w a r d s the d a n g e r o u s r e v i s i o n i s t g a n g o f T i t o , w h i c h is an agency of i m p e r i a l i s m a n d an enemy of socialism a n d communism, of the P a r t y of L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d t h e A l b a n i a n people. I n t h e s t r u g gle a g a i n s t t h e m o d e r n revisionism especially against T i t o ' s r e v i s i o n i s t clique, the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has t a k e n a n d a l w a y s t a k e s i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h e v a l u a b l e t e a c h i n g s o f great L e n i n , w h o stressed p o w e r f u l l y t h a t o p p o r t u n i s m c o n s t i t u t e s a serious d a n g e r f o r t h e v e r y existence of the socialist order. These im porta n t teachings of L e n i n w e r e all the m o r e u n d e r s t a n d a b l e f o r o u r p a r t y , because i t h a d p r o v e d o n its b a c k w h a t does Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m m e a n , n o t o n l y i n t h e o r y b u t also i n practice. B e c a u s e , i n fact, T i t o ' s c l i q u e has n e v e r r e n o u n c e d , e i t h e r b e f o r e 1948 or a f t e r 1955, t h e plots a n d d i v e r s i o n against the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a a n d

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the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , but, o n t h e c o n t r a r y , has i n c r e a s e d t h e m . T h e r e f o r e , t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a against t h e Y u g o s l a v r e visionism w a s an important internationalist task of our p a r t y as a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y and at the s a m e t i m e its sacred d u t y t o d e f e n d o u r socialist h o m e l a n d a g a i n s t t h e a i m s a n d the plots o f t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s . S o m e o f t h e S o v i e t leaders d i d n o t l i k e this s t a n d o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , w h i c h was contrary to a n d constituted a hinderance for t h e i r schemes o f r a p p r o c h e m e n t a n d e m b r a c e w i t h the T i t o i t e c l i q u e . T h e slogans s t a r t e d c i r c u l a t i n g that t h e A l b a n i a n s a r e h o t b l o o d e d , t h e y v i e w things n a r r o w l y a n d conduct the struggle against the Y u g o s l a v l e a d e r s f r o m t h e p o s i t i o n s o f n a t i o n a lism, t h a t t h e A l b a n i a n s w a n t t o c a p t u r e t h e f l a g o f a n t i r e v i s i o n i s m a n d t h a t they are i n c r e a s i n g the v a l u e o f T i t o ' s c l i q u e , etc. etc. B u t o u r P a r t y did not w a v e r f r o m its p r i n c i p l e d positions and continued consistently and uncomprimisingly the struggle against the Y u g o s l a v revisionists. This s t a n d o f o u r P a r t y has n e v e r b e e n t o the l i k i n g o f N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d i s one o f t h e reasons e x p l a i n i n g his so f i e r c e a s t a n d a g a i n s t t h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a a n d its l e a d e r s h i p . The stand of N. Khrushchev's group towards the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m , i n fact, i s n o t a s t a n d d i f ferent o n l y f r o m that of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l bania, but f r o m that of all the international c o m munist and w o r k e r s ' movement, f r o m the stand e x p r e s s e d i n t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n s o f 1957 a n d

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1960, w h e r e r e v i s i o n i s m is d e s c r i b e d as the m a i n danger in the international communist and w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , a n d the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m a s u n d e r m i n e r o f the socialist c a m p a n d t h e forces o f peace. T h u s , i t i s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e S o v i e t l e a dership is t r y i n g to mitigate the struggle against opportunism and revisionism in the communist m o v e m e n t . H e r e lies also the source o f a l l t h e a t t e m p t s t o d i s t o r t t h e c l e a r thesis o f t h e t w o M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n s o n r e v i s i o n i s m a s the m a i n d a n g e r i n the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t a n d t o b r i n g t o t h e f o r e g r o u n d t h e s t r u g g l e against d o g m a t i s m . F o r o u r p a r t y i t has b e c o m e c l e a r e r w i t h every passing day that by accepting by words the need o f f i g h t i n g against r e v i s i o n i s m a n d n o t d o i n g i t i n fact, N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d those w h o f o l l o w h i m , u n d e r t h e p r e t e x t o f the s t r u g g l e against d o g m a t i s m , a r e f i g h t i n g against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a r e m a k i n g e f f o r t s t o r e j e c t t h e f u n d a m e n t a l theses o f t h e r e v o lutionary doctrine of proletariat precisely as Tito tried to do earlier and as have tried to do in the past the o p p o r t u n i s t s a n d r e v i s i o n i s t s o f t h e v a r i o u s brands. W h a t w e r e t h e consequences o f the s p r e a d i n g o f the v a r i o u s o p p o r t u n i s t v i e w p o i n t s , o f the u n principled struggle against J. V. Stalin and the policy of reconciliation w i t h Tito's treacherous revisionist clique, persistently pursued by N. K h r u s h chev and his group? A l t h o u g h they raise to the skies, w i t h a great noise, the w o n d e r f u l c o n s e q u e n ces a l l e g e d l y b r o u g h t about b y t h e c r i t i c i s m o f the

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p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t o f J . V . S t a l i n a n d the n o r m a l i s a tion of relations w i t h Yugoslavia, although they present the q u e s t i o n s a s i f w i t h t h e 20th C o n g r e s s a n e w era started in the development and further s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , the facts speak e n t i r e l y t o the c o n t r a r y . T h e s e d i s t o r t e d v i e w p o i n t s a n d actions b e c a m e a b a n n e r in the hands of the opportunist and revisionist elements i n m a n y c o u n t r i e s t o l a u n c h t h e i r r e v i sionist a t t a c k s against t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties. This happened in the C o m m u n i s t Parties of the U n i t e d States o f A m e r i c a , o f D e n m a r k , o f N e t h e r lands, of I t a l y , of F r a n c e , of G r e a t B r i t a i n , etc. U n d e r the influence of the opportunist viewpoints presented b y N . K h r u s h c h e v t o t h e 20th Congress, revisionism was revived and assumed a large dissemination in m a n y communist and workers' parties, b e c o m i n g a n e x t r e m e l y serious d a n g e r f o r t h e entire international communist movement. P r e c i sely u n d e r the slogans o f the s t r u g g l e against t h e S t a l i n i s t despotism, b o r r o w e d f r o m the secret r e p o r t O n t h e p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t a n d its c o n s e q u e n ces, w h i c h , s t r a n g e e n o u g h , f e l l i n t o the h a n d s o f the r e a c t i o n a r y circles o f the W e s t a n d w a s r e p r o duced b y t h e m i n tons, t h e i m p e r i a l i s t r e a c t i o n a n d the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , e s p e c i a l l y the B e l g r a d e r e v i s i o n i s t renegades, enemies of s o c i a l i s m , of t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d o f the peoples o f a l l the c o u n t r i e s o f the socialist c a m p , o r g a n i z e d the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y actions against the socialist o r d e r i n P o l a n d a n d t h e c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y coup i n H u n g a r y .

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P r e c i s e l y u n d e r the p r o t e c t i o n o f these o p p o r t u n i s t theses, of the attacks against Stalin and the appeasing a t t i t u d e s o f N . K h r u s h c h e v w i t h the Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , T i t o ' s renegade g a n g w a s enlivened still more, it was given free h a n d to develop b r o a d l y i t s u n d e r m i n i n g a c t i v i t y a g a i n s t t h e socialist c a m p a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l communist movement. F o r us it is clear t h a t s u c h a c o n c l u s i o n is n o t acceptable e i t h e r t o N . K h r u s h c h e v , o r t o h i s f o l l o w e r s . B u t i t i s l o g i c a l t o raise t h e q u e s t i o n : W h y p r e c i s e l y after t h e 20th C o n g r e s s w e r e i m m e d i a t e l y e n l i v e n e d the renegades a n d the r e v i s i o n i s t s i n t h e r a n k s o f the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s o f the d i f f e r e n t countries, t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e raised a g a i n its h e a d a n d a l l o f t h e m t o g e t h e r l a u n ched a f r o n t a l attack against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m ? W h y , let us say, t h e theses of the 19th or t h e 18th Congresses o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n d i d not become t h e i r b a n n e r ? T h e r e i s o n l y one e x p l a n a t i o n here because some theses w h i c h w e r e set at the 20th C o n g r e s s w e r e of an o p p o r t u nist n a t u r e , t h e r e f o r e t h e y c o n s t i t u t e d t h e i d e o l o g i c a l f o o d f o r t h e renegades a n d t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s in their struggle against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m ; because the stand towards Stalin and Tito's clique were anti-Marxist, therefore they were utilised so succ e s s f u l l y b y the enemies o f M a r x i s m a n d s o c i a l i s m for their aims. These b i t t e r consequences w e r e felt i n A l b a n i a , too. In o u r c o u n t r y , t h e o p p o r t u n i s t elements of t h e

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T u k J a k o v a a n d B e d r i S p a h i u type, a s w e l l a s m a n y o t h e r e l e m e n t s e x p e l l e d f r o m the p a r t y f o r a n t i p a r t y a c t i v i t y w e r e a c t i v a t e d a n d w i t h the d i r e c t instigation of the Y u g o s l a v revisionists, organized the p l o t a t t h e P a r t y c o n f e r e n c e f o r the c i t y o f T i r a n a i n A p r i l 1956. I t i s k n o w n t h a t a m a j o r r o l e in this plot was played by the traitor Panajot P l a k u , a n o l d agent o f t h e Y u g o s l a v espionage, t o w h o m , after he fled f r o m the country, N. Khrushchev p r o p o s e d e v e r s i n c e 1957 to be g i v e n p o l i t i c a l a s y l u m t o h i m i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e slogans o f these t r a i t o r s w e r e t h e d e m a g o g i c a l slogans o f l i beralisation and democratisation of the proletarian d i c t a t o r s h i p , of n o r m a l i s a t i o n o f r e l a t i o n s w i t h Y u g o s l a v i a , of r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f K o i X o x e a n d o t h e r a n t i - p a r t y elements c o n d e m n e d earlier, etc. It is significant that precisely at that time, in A p r i l - M a y 1956, the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p , t h r o u g h M. Suslov and P. Pospyelov tried to persuade our P a r t y to rehabilitate the traitor K o i X o x e , an e n e m y o f t h e p a r t y a n d t h e A l b a n i a n people, a n agent o f T i t o ' s c l i q u e , shot f o r h i s h o s t i l e a c t i v i t y w h i c h w a s a i m e d a t l i q u i d a t i n g t h e P a r t y a n d the people's p o w e r a n d a t t u r n i n g A l b a n i a i n t o a seventh republic of Titoite Yugoslavia. N. Khrushchev's anti-Marxist s t a n d o n the a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d q u e s t i o n s caused t h u s a great d a m a g e t o o u r c o m m o n cause, s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m munism. H o w e v e r , the i n t e r n a t i o n a l communist and w o r k e r ' s m o v e m e n t m a n a g e d t o cope s u c c e s s f u l l y w i t h t h e o n s l a u g h t o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t renegades. T h e

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ranks of the communist and workers' parties w e r e s t r e n g t h e n e d a n d t h i s i s d u e t o the s t r e n g t h a n d firmness of the fraternal communist and workers' parties, to t h e v i t a l i t y of t h e ideas of M a r x i s m - L e ninism. A n d thus w i l l always happen. M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m i s the b a n n e r o f v i c t o r y , t h e r e f o r e i t s e n e mies, the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d o p p o r t u n i s t s , h a v e f a i l e d and w i l l always fail shamefully. F r o m t h e above s a i d i t f o l l o w s c l e a r l y t h a t the n a t u r e of o u r d i s a g r e e m e n t s has been e n t i r e l y i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l , t h a t o u r P a r t y has n o t agreed w i t h some o p p o r t u n i s t v i e w p o i n t s a n d a c tions o f N . K h r u s h c h e v a s c o n c e r n s some v i t a l questions o f the present d a y w o r l d d e v e l o p m e n t a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o vement, v i e w p o i n t s w h i c h a r e c o n t r a r y t o s o m e o f the f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d c o n s t i t u t e a serious v i o l a t i o n of t h e 1957 a n d 1960 D e c l a r a t i o n s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties. B u t the e x i s t e n c e o f these w r o n g v i e w p o i n t s a m o n g the S o v i e t l e a d e r s i s o n l y h a l f o f t h e e v i l . T h e greatest e v i l i s t h a t t h e y t r y t o i m p o s e at a n y c o n d i t i o n t h e i r o p p o r t u n i s t i c concepts to a l l t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r ' s parties, n o t s t o p p i n g f o r this p u r p o s e e v e n b e f o r e t h e pressure, b l a c k m a i l a n d b r u t a l a t t a c k s against those f r a t e r n a l p a r ties a n d t h e i r l e a d e r s t h a t d o n o t agree w i t h the r e v i s i o n i s t theses o f N . K h r u s h c h e v , t h a t o p p o s e them and resolutely defend Marxism-Leninism. H e r e lies the greatest e v i l , here lies also the cause that r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n o u r c o u n t r y a n d t h e S o v i e t

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l e a d e r s h i p h a v e become tense. S e e i n g t h a t h i s m u l t i f a r i o u s a t t e m p t s t o k n e e l d o w n the P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a and to impose on it his a n t i - M a r x i s t v i e w p o i n t s h a v e f a i l e d i n face o f the f i r m M a r xist-Leninist stand of our P a r t y and wanting to justify b e f o r e h i s p a r t y a n d b e f o r e the i n t e r n a t i o n a l communist movement his impermissible, hostile a c t i v i t y against t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a , N . K h r u s h c h e v has gone o v e r t o w i l d a n d p u b l i c s l a n d e r s l i k e those h e a n d o t h e r S o v i e t leaders m a d e a t t h e 22nd C o n gress o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e fact t h a t he chose the r o s t r u m of the 22nd C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n t o c a r r y out the t r i a l against o u r P a r t y , the fact that he d e c e i v e d the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of some fraternal parties to express themselves u n c o m r a dely against o u r P a r t y i n t h e i r g r e e t i n g s t o the C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t Union, throws light on his putschist methods, on his tactic of s u r p r i s e , on the o n e s i d e d i m p o s i n g of h i s desire u p o n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r kers' m o v e m e n t , o n the n o n - o b s e r v a n c e o f the f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e s g o v e r n i n g the r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n the f r a t e r n a l communist and w o r k e r ' s parties, w h i c h h a v e been e s t a b l i s h e d j o i n t l y a n d h a v e been o u t l i n e d i n the M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n s . To examine the activity of a communist and w o r k e r s ' p a r t y , t o e x p r e s s the v i e w p o i n t w h e t h e r i t stands o n correct p o s i t i o n s o r not, c a n j u d g e o n l y an international forum, an international meeting of the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, a f t e r h e a r i n g

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in detail the arguments of that party. B u t N . K h r u s h c h e v f e a r e d t o ask the c o n v o c a t i o n o f s u c h a m e e t i n g because he w a s c o n v i n c e d t h a t he w o u l d not succeed i n c o n d e m n i n g o u r P a r t y o f L a bor. F o r this r e a s o n h e d i d n o t i n v i t e t o the 22nd C o n g r e s s o u r P a r t y also, because its w o r d w o u l d b r i n g t o the fore the t r u t h o n the A l b a n i a n - S o v i e t relations, w o u l d expose his a n t i - M a r x i s t v i e w p o i n t s a n d a c t i v i t y , w o u l d reject a l l his e n t i r e l y u n f o u n d e d s l a n d e r s a n d charges. T h e m e t h o d u s e d b y the f i r s t s e c r e t a r y o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n t o attack o n e s i d e d l y o u r P a r t y i s k n o w n i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t . H e a p p l i e d this tactics a t B u c h a r e s t , too, w h e r e w i t h false a n d o n e s i d e d charges h e t r i e d t o k n e e l d o w n M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties a n d to c o m p r o m i s e by m e a n s of a quick, unpondered and hasty p r o n u n c i a t i o n the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of the f r a t e r n a l parties, but that despite his efforts, h e d i d n o t succeed. O n t h e c o n t r a r y , N . K h r u s h c h e v w a s f o r c e d t o agree t o t h e h o l d i n g o f the M o s c o w m e e t i n g i n N o v e m b e r 1960, w h e r e correct debates w e r e c o n d u c t e d , w h e r e i t w a s c l e a r l y seen that his v i e w p o i n t s d i d not meet w i t h t h e e n t h u s i a s t i c s u p p o r t o f the p a r t i c i p a n t s , a n d this i s e x p r e s s e d also i n the v e r y d o c u m e n t s a p p r o v e d b y the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f 8 1 p a r t i e s a n d w h i c h N, K h r u s h c h e v is brutally violating in all his a c t i v i t y . T h e r e f o r e he, i n o r d e r t o attack o u r P a r t y , since h e f e a r e d t o convene a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e rence, r e s o r t e d to his p u t s c h i s t m e t h o d s , u t i l i s i n g f o r t h i s p u r p o s e the 22nd C o n g r e s s .

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In this way, N. K h r u s h c h e v has effectively sab o t a g e d a n y f u t u r e i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g also, b e cause b y a t t a c k i n g o n e - s i d e d l y a n d p u b l i c l y o u r P a r t y , h e has p u t the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a o n conditions of unequality. A t the 22nd Congress, N . K h r u s h c h e v , a n d his f o l l o w e r s c h a r g e d o u r P a r t y t h a t i t allegedly, w i t h its actions, is d i s r u p t i n g t h e u n i t y , is s p l i t t i n g the socialist c a m p a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o vement. O n e m u s t h a v e lost a n y f e e l i n g o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o r seriousness t o s a y s u c h a t h i n g . W h o i s i n r e a l i t y u n d e r m i n i n g o u r u n i t y , the P a r t y o f L a bor o f A l b a n i a o r t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n h e a d e d b y N . K h r u s h c h e v ? O u r P a r t y , w h i c h has a l w a y s o b s e r v e d the principle that our disagreements should be solved t h r o u g h the p a r t y w a y , o n basis o f the p r i n c i p l e s of the M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n s of 1957 a n d 1960, or t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p , w h i c h has t r a m p l e d u n d e r foot these p r i n c i p l e s a n d has e m b a r k e d u p o n the a n t i M a r x i s t p a t h o f pressure, b l a c k m a i l a n d i s o p e n l y c a l l i n g f o r c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n i n socialist A l b a n i a ? T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has n e v e r s p o k e n p u b l i c l y a b o u t o u r differences, i t has o n l y t h r o u g h the p a r t y w a y a n d a t p a r t y meetings, o p e n l y a n d c o u r a g e o u s l y c r i t i c i s e d the w r o n g v i e w p o i n t s a n d actions o f the S o v i e t leaders, w h i l e N . K h r u s h c h e v w a s the f i r s t t o speak p u b l i c l y f r o m t h e r o s t r u m of the 22nd C o n g r e s s n o t o n l y a b o u t the e x i s t e n c e o f o u r d i f f e r e n c e s b u t also t o v o m i t g a l l , t o s l a n d e r a t f u l l d a y l i g h t against o u r P a r t y a n d people's p o w e r , p r e s e n t i n g it as a r e g i m e of t e r r o r , w n e r e

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r i g h t a n d left t h e r e are p r i s o n s a n d f i r i n g squads, u s i n g the l a n g u a g e o f R a n k o v i c h , w h o has s a i d t h a t i n A l b a n i a there r e i g n the b a r b e d w i r e a n d the f r o n t i e r g u a r d boot. O u r P a r t y stands f o r the u n i t y , f o r its further strengthening, but for a s o u n d , i r o n u n i t y , not f o r a n a n a e m i c a n d sick u n i t y . P r e s i c e l y because i t s t a n d s f o r t h e i r o n u n i ty of the international communist and workers' m o v e m e n t a n d the socialist camp, i t has c o u r a g e o u s l y a n d t h r o u g h the p a r t y w a y c r i t i c i s e d N . K h r u s h chev's a n t i - M a r x i s t manifestations a n d actions, w h i c h w e a k e n this u n i t y . W e g r e a t l y regret the fact that some leaders o f the f r a t e r n a l parties j o i n e d w i t h N . K h r u s h chev's wrong viewpoints. W e don't want to seek the causes w h i c h f o r c e d t h e m t o t a k e this s t a n d (we u n d e r s t a n d v e r y w e l l the d i f ficult position in which they have found themselves), b u t c a n t h e i r onesided p o s i t i o n b e c a l l e d correct, a p r i o r i , w h e n the m a j o r i t y o f the r e presentatives o f the f r a t e r n a l parties h a v e n o k n o w ledge o f the d e v e l o p m e n t o f r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n o u r P a r t y a n d the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p . Is it correct to take this o r t h a t s t a n d , w h e n one h e a r s o n l y the a r g u m e n t s of o n e side, w h i l e t h e o t h e r side has been d e p r i v e d o f the r i g h t t o state its o w n v i e w p o i n t ? O r i n the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t s h o u l d b e est a b l i s h e d n e w p r i n c i p l e s , a c c o r d i n g t o w h i c h the b i g one m u s t be h e a r d , the l i t t l e o n e not, the b i g is right, w h i l e t h e l i t t l e i s a l w a y s w r o n g ? A c c o r d i n g to o u r o p i n i o n , s u c h a r e a s o n i n g is n o t at a l l correct a n d i s not c o m p a t i b l e w i t h the L e n i n i s t

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n o r m s o f r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n the f r a t e r n a l parties. S u c h a s t a n d does n o t h e l p the s t r e n g t h e n i n g of the u n i t y o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d workers' m o v e m e n t , the s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the socialist c a m p , b u t w e a k e n s i t a n d w i l l l a t e r create great t r o u b l e s . In spite of this, at the 22nd C o n g r e s s of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , N . K h r u s h chev w a s n o t s u p p o r t e d b y a l l the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e f r a t e r n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties. O u t of t h e 80 f o r e i g n d e l e g a t i o n s w h i c h a t t e n d e d the p r o c e e d i n g s of t h e C o n g r e s s a n d s p o k e or sent by w r i t i n g t h e i r greetings, 34 r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of the fraternal parties did not j o i n the N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s s l a n d e r s a n d charges against o u r P a r t y , t h e y d i d not speak a b o u t the d i s a g r e e m e n t s e x i s t i n g b e t w e e n the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d the soviet leadership. Surely, m a n y of t h e m m a y have their r e m a r k s a s c o n c e r n s the w o r k o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , b u t a t the 22nd Congress, w h i c h w a s t h e congress o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , of a d e f i n i t e p a r t y , t h e y d i d not c o n s i d e r it a p p r o p r i a t e to speak a b o u t a q u e s t i o n w h i c h c o n c e r n s the e n t i r e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t movement, taking thus a correct Marxist-Leninist stand. We must say also that even t h e mass o f t h e h o m e delegates t o t h e 2 2 n d C o n gress d i t n o t e x p r e s s t h e m s e l v e s a b o u t t h e S o v i e t Albanian disagreements, they did not s u p p o r t N . K h r u s h c h e v i n h i s a t t a c k s a n d s l a n d e r s against the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a . O u t o f 8 8 delegates w h o took p a r t i n discussions i n t h e congress, o n l y

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1 4 spoke against o u r P a r t y . T h e y a l l w e r e m e m b e r s of the soviet l e a d e r s h i p . O u r P a r t y of L a b o r thanks for their principled a n d correct s t a n d b o t h the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e fraternal communist and w o r k e r s ' parties w h o d i d not s u p p o r t N . K h r u s h c h e v i n h i s onesided a t t a c k s against o u r P a r t y a n d the delegates o f t h e glorious Communist P a r t y of Lenin, who, preserv i n g the b o l s h e v i k t r a d i t i o n s a n d the l e n i n i s t p r i n c i ples of o b j e c t i v e j u d g e m e n t s of a n y q u e s t i o n , d i d not s u p p o r t N. Khrushchev in this anti-Marx i s t act. F r o m t h e r o s t r u m o f the 22nd Congress, a m o n g the n u m e r o u s s l a n d e r i n g charges, the f i r s t s e c r e t a r y o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n s p o k e also o f the a l l e g e d l y l a c k o f d e m o c r a c y i n o u r P a r t y , o f the a l l e g e d l y v i o l a t i o n s o f the L e n i n i s t n o r m s i n its i n n e r l i f e . T h i s , o f course, i s a n open i n t e r f e r e n c e i n the i n t e r n a l a f f a i r s o f o u r P a r t y , b u t despite this w e c a n s a y to these defenders of d e m o c r a c y : L o o k b e t t e r y o u r business, f o r n o t i n the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , b u t i n y o u r parties there are m a n y s c a n dalous e x a m p l e s o f the v i o l a t i o n o f the m o s t e l e mentary rules of democracy. D m i t r i Polyansky, on a t t a c k i n g the a n t i - p a r t y g r o u p , a n d e s p e c i a l l y c o m rade K l i m e n t V o r o s h i l o v , s u r e l y r e f r a i n e d h i m s e l f f r o m t e l l i n g i n d e t a i l a l l the b a c k s t a g e h e a n d h i s c o m p a n i o n s h a d o r g a n i s e d a t t h e t i m e o f the p l e n a r y session of the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e of the C o m m u n i s t . P a r t y o f the Soviet U n i o n in summer 1957.

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P o l i a n s k y has h i d d e n this from the congress, hut he has t o l d this t h e i r f r i e n d L i r i B e l i shova, w h o reported it to o u r party. Let us take another example. W h e n the T i r a n a tribunal gave the d e s e r v e d v e r d i c t against the agents of U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , o f Y u g o s l a v i a a n d G r e e c e , T e m e S e j k o a n d c o m p a n y , out o f t h e w h o l e press o f the E u r o p e a n people's democracies, o n l y the n e w s paper T r u d , the o r g a n o f the B u l g a r i a n w o r k i n g class, r e p o r t e d c o r r e c t l y t h i s t r i a l . B u t i m m e d i a t e l y , w i t h i n the day, b y the m o s t d e m o c r a t i c m e t h o d s , it was announced that the president and the t w o secretaries o f t h e C e n t r a l C o u n c i l o f the B u l g a r i a n T r a d e U n i o n s h a d b e e n d i s m i s s e d f r o m t h e i r posts. A n d this w a s because the r e v i s i o n i s t T i t o o n the same d a y l o d g e d a serious protest w i t h the B u l g a r i a n G o v e r n m e n t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the r e p o r t g i v e n o n the T i r a n a t r i a l b y this newspaper. F i n a l l y , those w h o speak o f i n t e r n a l d e m o c r a c y a n d o f t h e o b s e r v a n c e o f the p a r t y n o r m s , w e are r e f e r r i n g here e s p e c i a l l y t o P a l m i r o T o g l i a t t i , does h e c o n s i d e r r e g u l a r , d e m o c r a t i c h i s a c t i o n a t the 22nd C o n g r e s s w h e n h e s p o k e a n d c o n d e m n e d o u r P a r t y ? H e d i d n o t k n o w b e f o r e w h a t has h a p p e n e d a n d h o w t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n o u r P a r t y a n d the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p h a v e b e e n d e v e l o p e d . A t least o u r P a r t y has not g i v e n the Italian C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n y m a t e r i a l . H i s C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e h a d not a d o p ted b e f o r e a n y d e c i s i o n b y w h i c h t o d e n o u n c e o u r p a r t y a n d t h u s t o a u t h o r i s e its r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o c o n d e m n it. A t least w e d o n o t k n o w o f a n y s u c h

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fact. T h e n o f w h a t d e m o c r a c y are s p e a k i n g these leaders w h o scandalise t h e m s e l v e s w i t h o u t cause f o r the fate o f a p e r s o n a n d w h o w h e n i t i s t h e q u e s t i o n of the fate of a p a r t y , of 50,000 c o m m u n i s t s a n d a n e n t i r e people, m a k e o f f e n d i n g s t a t e m e n t s without any responsibility and in flagrant contrad i c t i o n w i t h the e l e m e n t a r y r u l e s n o t o n l y o f t h e p a r t y d e m o c r a c y , b u t also o f the s i m p l e l o g i c a n d h u m a n conscience? P a l m i r o T o g l i a t t i t h r e w a t u s the R o m a n a n a t h e m a , b y c h a r g i n g u s t h a t w e a r e s p l i t t i n g the u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t movement. On what d i d Togliatti rely w h e n he a f e w years ago a t t a c k e d p u b l i c l y the S o v i e t socialist s y s t e m a n d p r e a c h e d p o l y c e n t r i s m a n d the zones o f i n f l u e n c e i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t ? H e has n o t a n d w i l l not h a v e a n y fact a g a i n s t us, b u t w i t h h i s o w n a n t i - M a r x i s t theses h e h a s g r e a t l y s e r v e d the r e v i s i o n i s t T i t o . N e v e r t h e l e s s , s t r a n g e l y e n o u g h , n o b o d y rose against T o g l i a t t i ' s revisionist viewpoints. N . K h r u s h c h e v , w h o speak s o m u c h o f d e m o cratic methods, p a t i e n c e a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , h a s resorted against o u r p a r t y t o t h e m o s t a n t i - M a r x i s t methods, m e t h o d s w h i c h are e n t i r e l y a l i e n t o t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s . I n o r d e r t o s u b d u e the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , t o p r e v e n t i t f r o m h a v i n g its o w n v i e w p o i n t , t o i m p o s e o n i t his a n t i - M a r x i s t v i e w p o i n t s , h e a n d h i s f o l l o wers h a v e n o t stopped b e f o r e a n y measure, n o t o n l y a s concerns the r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n o u r p a r t i e s , b u t also a s c o n c e r n s t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n o u r s o cialist states. T o d a y w e d o n o t w a n t t o e n t e r i n t o

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d e t a i l a n d t o d w e l l l o n g o n these questions, because t h e r e are m a n y facts a n d countless d o c u m e n t s , w h i c h i l l u s t r a t e o b j e c t i v e l y these, b u t w i l l m e n t i o n that as a r e s u l t of the a d o p t i o n of a n t i - M a r x i s t m e thods b y the s o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p f o r the s e t t l e m e n t o f e x i s t i n g d i s a g r e e m e n t s , as a r e s u l t of t h e c o n s e c u tive pressure both in the economic and the political a n d m i l i t a r y fields, the r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n o u r c o u n t r y a n d the S o v i e t U n i o n h a v e b e e n g r e a t l y a g g r a v a t e d . T h i s process has s t a r t e d since t h e s e c o n d h a l f o f last year, t h a t i s a f t e r t h e B u c h a r e s t m e e t i n g . Since then, N. K h r u s h c h e v , instead of agreeing to settle p a t i e n t l y t h e i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l d i s a g r e e ments e x i s t i n g b e t w e e n o u r P a r t y a n d the S o v i e t leadership, made them public and extended them to the state r e l a t i o n s also. T h u s i n t h e e c o n o m i c f i e l d , a l l the c r e d i t s t h e S o v i e t U n i o n h a d a c c o r d e d t o o u r c o n t r y f o r the t h i r d f i v e y e a r p l a n w e r e s u s p e n d e d a n d this w a s done w i t h a v i e w o f s a b o t a g i n g the e c o n o m i c p l a n of our country, w i t h o u t any reason and one-sidedly w e r e w i t h d r a w n f r o m A l b a n i a a l l t h e soviet s p e c i a lists w h o m o u r e c o n o m y b a d l y needed a n d w e h a d officially asked to stay; u n d e r the pretext of starting f r o m this year w i t h the repayment of the old credists ( a l t h o u g h a c c o r d i n g t o the e x i s t i n g d o c u m e n t s , this w o u l d b e g i n a f t e r 1970), t h e S o v i e t side has a l m o s t e n t i r e l y s u s p e n d e d t h e t r a d e r e l a t i o n s on a c l e a r i n g basis, s c h o l a r s h i p s w e r e cut t o a l l the A l b a n i a n c i v i l i a n a n d m i l i t a r y students studying i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , etc., etc. T h e e c o n o m i c p r e s s u -

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res h a v e b e e n a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h p r e s s u r e a n d r e s t r i c t i v e m e a s u r e s i n the m i l i t a r y f i e l d , too. O n the other h a n d , i t i s w e l l k n o w n b y a l l t h a t the press o f the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a i s c o n t i n u o u s l y w r i t i n g o n t h e l i f e a n d the successes o f the S o v i e t U n i o n i n t h e c o m m u n i s t b u i l d i n g , s u p p o r t s the v a r i o u s m o v e s a n d p r o p o s a l s the C o m m u nist P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e S o v i e t G o vernment concerning various international questions, w h e r e a s the S o v i e t press, t o t h e c o n t r a r y , s i n ce almost one a n d a h a l f y e a r s has established a s t r i c t silence b l o c k a d e against A l b a n i a . W h i l e i t does not let escape the least chance to w r i t e e v e n c o n c e r n i n g a s i n g l e p o s i t i v e w o r d w h i c h some B r i t i s h l o r d has occassionally said, the S o v i e t press does no w r i t e a s i n g l e l i n e a b o u t A l b a n i a , let a l o n e the P a r t y o f L a bor of A l b a n i a , as if it did not exist at all on the earth e i t h e r t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a o r the A l b a n i a n people, w h o are b u i l d i n g u p s o c i a l i s m a n d s t r u g g l i n g f o r peace i n t h e w o l f ' s m o u t h , s u r r o u n ded o n a l l sides b y the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e i r tools. T h e ice o f silence w a s b r o k e n o n l y a t t h e 22nd C o n gress o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n by N. Khrushchev, but it was broken only to sland e r a n d v o m i t g a l l against the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a . I n these a n t i - M a r x i s t a n d h o s t i l e actions t o w a r d s the A l b a n i a n people, N . K h r u s h c h e v has b e e n f o l l o w e d also by some leaders of the socialist c o u n tries o f E u r o p e . T h e y are a l l together d o i n g t h e i r u t m o s t t o isolate A l b a n i a e c o n o m i c a l l y , p o l i t i c a l l y a n d

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militarily, by creating around her a sanitary cordon. N . K h r u s h c h e v f o r g e t s t h a t i n t h e c e n t u r y o f the t r i u m p h o f L e n i n i s m t h e r e c a n b e n o cordon t o isolate a p e o p l e a n d a p a r t y w h i c h are f i r m l y f i g h t i n g f o r the t r i u m p h o f s o c i a l i s m a n d o f c o m m u n i s m , t h e r e c a n b e n o cordon, r e g a r d l e s s o f h o w o r g a n i s e d a n d s t r o n g i t m a y be, t o resist t o the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t r u t h . A n y cordon w i l l b e s m a shed a n d its o r g a n i s e r s w i l l s h a m e f u l l y f a i l . T h e f i r s t s e c r e t a r y o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y and C h a i r m a n of the C o u n c i l o f M i n i s t e r s o f the S o v i e t U n i o n d i d n o t c o n f i n e h i m s e l f t o this. S e e i n g t h a t a l l h i s pressure, b l o c k a des a n d b l a c k m a i l d i d n o t b r i n g the r e s u l t h e d e s i red, c o u l d n o t k n e e l d o w n o u r P a r t y a n d people, f r o m the r o s t r u m o f t h e 22nd C o n g r e s s h e m a d e a n open c a l l f o r the o v e r t h r o w i n g b y m e a n s o f a c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o u p t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a , for the liquidation of the P a r t y , s o m e t h i n g w h i c h h e reserves h i m s e l f t o d o e v e n w h e n i t i s the q u e s t i o n o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t s o f the c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , because h e c o n s i d e r s i t a n interference in the i n t e r n a l affairs. He said: To p u t a n e n d t o the p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t m e a n s f o r S h e h u , H o x h a a n d o t h e r s t o g i v e u p i n essence the c o m m a n d i n g posts i n t h e p a r t y a n d t h e state. B u t t h e y d o n o t w a n t t o d o this. H o w e v e r w e are c o n v i n c e d that t h e t i m e w i l l c o m e w h e n t h e A l b a n i a n c o m m u nists, w h e n the A l b a n i a n people, w i l l h a v e t h e i r s a y a n d t h e n t h e A l b a n i a n leaders w i l l h a v e t o g i v e account f o r the d a m a g e t h e y h a v e caused t o t h e i r c o u n t r y , to t h e i r people, to t h e cause of b u i l d i n g of

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s o c i a l i s m i n A l b a n i a . T h e A l b a n i a n people a n d the Albanian communists g a v e the reply to N. K h r u s h c h e v by means of hundreds a n d t h o u sands of t e l e g r a m s a n d letters, a p a r t of w h i c h h a s been p u b l i s h e d b y o u r press. O u r P a r t y and people have heard continuously f o r 1 7 y e a r s i n succession calls f o r t h e o v e r t h r o w o f o u r P e o p l e ' s P o w e r , f o r the l i q u i d a t i o n o f o u r P a r t y a n d its l e a d e r s h i p . T h e y h a v e h e a r d a n d are h e a r i n g t h e m e v e r y y e a r f r o m the U . S . A . S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t , f r o m the U.S., B r i t i s h a n d o t h e r i m perialists, f r o m F r a n c o ' s N a t i o n a l i s t S p a i n r a d i o , f r o m T i t o ' s t r a i t o r o u s r e v i s i o n i s t g a n g , f r o m the G r e e k m o n a r c h o - f a s c i s t s , etc. T h e s e h a v e e v e n h a t c h e d u p plots t o achieve t h e i r a i m s . W e h a v e h e a r d n o w s u c h calls also f r o m N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v , w h o i n fact i s j o i n i n g t h e m i n the hostile a c t i v i t y a g a i n s t the A l b a n i a n people a n d its P a r t y o f L a b o r . O n w h a t h a v e the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e i r tools r e l i e d i n t h e i r a c t i v i t y against the people's p o w e r a n d t h e P a r t y i n o u r c o u n t r y ? T h e i r a r m y has been t h e s c u m o f o u r society, t h e degenerate a n d a n t i - p a r t y elements, people s o l d t o the f o r e i g n i m p e r i a l i s t i n telligence services, w h o m o u r people recalls o n l y w i t h a f e e l i n g of deep hate, c o n t e m p t a n d s c o r n . T h i s w i l l b e also the a r m y o f N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v . A n d i t c a n not b e o t h e r w i s e . T h e w h o l e o u r people, old a n d y o u n g , a l l the honest a n d p a t r i o t i c people o f o u r h o m e l a n d , p a r t y a n d n o n - p a r t y people, h a v e rallied today more than ever a r o u n d our glorious P a r t y a n d its correct M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t line, w h i c h expresses the v i t a l interests o f our people and

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meets the c o m m o n i n t e r e s t s of o u r great cause, soc i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m . I n the face o f the i r o n u n i t y o f o u r P a r t y a n d people, i n the face o f this i n v i n c i b l e force, w i l l s h a m e f u l l y f a i l a l l t h e h o s t i l e actions a n d the brutal interferences of N i k i t a Khrushchev, as have failed earlier and w i l l always f a i l t h e e n t i r e h o s t i l e a c t i v i t y a n d a l l the p l o t s o f the i m p e r i a l i s t s , t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , the G r e e k m o n a r c h o - f a s c i s t s a n d o t h e r enemies o f t h e A l b a n i a n people, its P a r t y o f L a b o r a n d the P e o p l e ' s Republic of Albania. A t t h e 22nd C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , N . K h r u s h c h e v accused o u r P a r t y a n d its l e a d e r s h i p o f a n t i - S o v i e t i s m , c o n s i dering any remark and criticism towards his a n t i M a r x i s t v i e w p o i n t s a n d actions, m a d e i n p a r t y m e e t ings a n d a c c o r d i n g t o L e n i n i s t rules, a n a t t a c k against t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the S o v i e t peoples. This is a monstrous slander and distortion. O u r P a r t y a n d people f o r 2 0 y e a r s i n succession h a v e been e d u c a t e d i n t h e s p i r i t o f u n b o u n d e d l o v e a n d f i r m l o y a l t y t o w a r d s the g l o r i o u s S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e y h a v e d e m o n s t r a t e d t h i s l o v e a n d l o y a l t y b y deeds i n t h e i r c o m m o n s t r u g g l e against f a s c i s m , i n t h e i r j o i n t e f f o r t s t o b u i l t u p the socialist a n d c o m m u n i s t society, f o r peace a n d the f r e e d o m o f peoples, t h e y have shown it by their u n s w e r v i n g and principled s t r u g g l e against o u r c o m m o n enemies t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , e s p e c i a l l y a f t e r the 20th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e Soviet U n i o n and after the counter-revolution in

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H u n g a r y , w h e n the enemies o f s o c i a l i s m l a u n c h e d w i l d attacks a n d s l a n d e r s against t h e S o v i e t o r d e r a n d S o v i e t soldiers w e r e a t t a c k e d o n the back. T h e entire 20 year old heroic struggle and u n t i r i n g act i v i t y o f o u r p a r t y a n d people f o r the c o n t i n u o u s tempering a n d strengthening of the sacred A l b a n ian-Soviet friendship can not be liquidated so easily b y m e a n s o f some u n f o u n d e d accusations a n d base s l a n d e r s . T h e A l b a n i a n - S o v i e t f r i e n d s h i p has deep roots, i t w i l l l i v e i n centuries, c o n t r a r y t o the d e sires a n d a t t e m p t s o f o u r c r i t i c i z e r s . W h o does i n d e e d d e f e n d the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d its prestige, N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v , w h o w i t h h i s u n p r i n c i p l e d attacks a n d s l a n d e r s against J . V . S t a l i n has d i s c r e d i t e d the g l o r i o u s S o v i e t U n i o n , p r e s e n t i n g i t l i k e a c o u n t r y w h e r e the fiercest t e r r o r has r e i g n e d , the s a m e a s i n the H i t l e r i t e G e r m a n y , o r the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t h a t has d e f e n d e d a n d i s d e f e n d i n g the S o v i e t U n i o n f r o m the fierce a t t a c k s o f the i m p e r i a l i s t a n d r e v i s i o n i s t p r o p a g a n d a , w h i c h N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v has provided w i t h w e a p o n s ? W h o does d e f e n d t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d its prestige, N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v w h o w i t h his a n t i - M a r x i s t actions, a t t a c k s , p r e s s u r e a n d b l o c k a d e s against the People's Republic of A l b a n i a is p r o v i d i n g w i t h w e a p o n s the i m p e r i a l i s t s t o s t a i n b e f o r e the w o r l d p u b l i c o p i n i o n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d its C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , o r the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , w h i c h has s h o w n a n d i s s h o w i n g t h a t h i s a n t i - M a r x i s t actions h a v e n o t h i n g i n c o m m o n w i t h the p r i n c i p l e s a n d the internationalist traditions of the glorious Soviet U n i o n a n d its great P a r t y o f L e n i n , t h a t t h e y a r e

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a n u n f o r t u n a t e a n d t e m p o r a r y sickness i n t h e i r sound body. O u r P a r t y heard w i t h patience what was said a t the 22nd C o n g r e s s i n its address. W e , too, a r e s a y i n g o u r o w n v i e w p o i n t c o n c e r n i n g these q u e s tions. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , w i t h c a l m a n d p u r e conscience, appeals t o the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , appeals to the n e w C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e elected b y the 22nd C o n g r e s s t o j u d g e w i t h L e n i n i s t e q u i t y , w i t h o b j e c t i v i t y a n d calmness, n o t o n e - s i d e d l y , o n the s i t u a t i o n c r e a t e d i n the r e l a tions between o u r two parties and our two countries. O u r P a r t y has a l w a y s been r e a d y , f o r the sake o f the u n i t y o f the C o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d t h e socialist c a m p , o f the i n t e r e s t s o f o u r c o u n t r i e s , t o settle t h e e x i s t i n g d i s a g r e e m e n t s . B u t i t h a s a l w a y s been a n d is of the o p i n i o n t h a t these q u e s t i o n s should be solved correctly and only in a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t w a y , i n the c o n d i t i o n s o f e q u a l i t y a n d n o t o f p r e s s u r e a n d dictate. W e hope f o r a n d a r e c o n f i d e n t i n t h e sense o f j u s t i c e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . O u r P a r t y a n d people, r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e a t tacks, s l a n d e r s a n d the h o s t i l e actions d i r e c t e d against t h e m , w i l l g u a r d u n t o u c h e d i n t h e i r h e a r t s the p u r e f e e l i n g s o f f r i e n d s h i p w i t h the f r a t e r n a l peoples o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . O u r P a r t y has t a u g h t u s t o l o v e the S o v i e t U n i o n , the h o m e l a n d o f t h e great L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , b o t h i n good a n d b a d t i m e s . F o r u s the g l o r i o u s S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the S o v i e t people, t h e g r e a t p a r t y o f b o l s h e v i k s , h a v e b e e n , a r e a n d r e m a i n the m o s t b e l o v e d f r i e n d s o f o u r

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hearts, o u r l i b e r a t o r s f r o m the fascist y o k e , o u r l o y a l a n d resolute allies i n the s t r u g g l e f o r the u p b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m i n o u r c o u n t r y . W i t h the S o v i e t U n i o n , w i t h t h e S o v i e t people, w i t h t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n w e h a v e been a n d w i l l b e l i n k e d f o r ever. O u r P a r t y a n d people h a v e a n d are f o l l o w i n g w i t h a s p e c i a l s y m p a t h y t h e g l o r i o u s successes a n d e f f o r t s a c h i e v e d b y the S o v i e t peoples, u n d e r the l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e i r g l o r ious C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , i n a l l the f i e l d s o f c o m m u n i s t c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d c o n s i d e r t h e m also as v i c t o r i e s of the A l b a n i a n people i n the j o i n t s t r u g g l e f o r the t r i u m p h o f the great cause o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m . W e are d e e p l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t the o b j e c t i ves a n d the tasks set by the 22nd C o n g r e s s of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n w i l l b e a c h i e v e d a s a l w a y s s u c c e s s f u l l y , f o r the g o o d o f the peoples o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f the e n t i r e socialist camp, to the b e n e f i t of t h e sacred cause of s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m , o f peace a n d the f r e e d o m o f the people o f the w h o l e w o r l d . O u r P a r t y a n d people, a s a l w a y s , w i l l s t r u g g l e f o r t h e cause o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m u n i t e d i n t h e socialist c a m p , a l o n g s i d e the f r a t e r n a l peoples o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , a l o n g s i d e the f r a t e r n a l C h i n e s e people, a l o n g s i d e a l l the peoples of the c o u n t r i e s of t h e socialist c a m p . Comrades! T h e e n t i r e 20-year o l d l i f e a n d a c t i v i t y o f o u r P a r t y , a s w e l l a s t h e facts o f t h e present d a y r e a l i t y , s h o w c l e a r l y t h a t o u r P a r t y has a l w a y s h a d a c o r -

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rect g e n e r a l line, t h a t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e present d a y i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n s p r e o c c u p y i n g the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t too, p a r t i c u l a r l y i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e q u e s t i o n o f the A l b a n i a n - S o v i e t r e l a t i o n s , i t s t a n d s o n correct m a r x i s t - l e n i n i s t a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t positions. D e e p l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e y s t a n d f o r the t r u t h , o u r people a n d P a r t y , u n i t e d l i k e a s i n g l e body, w i t h a c a l m a n d p u r e conscience a n d a f i r m d e t e r m i n a t i o n , w i l l i n t h e f u t u r e too, f o l l o w u n s w e r v i n g l y their correct path. A n d i n this path they w i l l w i n . A guarantee for this is our heroic and i n d o m i table people, o u r g l o r i o u s p a r t y , t h e P a r t y o f the p o p u l a r r e v o l u t i o n , the P a r t y w h i c h d u r i n g these 20 years w o n over fascism and brought freedom to o u r people and homeland, w h i c h triumphed over the backwardness, o v e r hunger and ignorance, and has e m b a r k e d o u r c o u n t r y o n t h e r o a d t o s o c i a l i s m , to p r o g r e s s a n d c u l t u r e , the P a r t y w h i c h , as a l o y a l o f f s p r i n g o f o u r h e r o i c people, has f r u s t r a t e d a n y provocation and plot w h i c h was aimed at b r i n g i n g back t h e e n s l a v e m e n t a n d p o v e r t y t o o u r h o m e s . A guarantee for our future victories w i l l be our s u p p o r t a n d f r i e n d s h i p w i t h the S o v i e t peoples, w i t h t h e C h i n e s e people, w i t h a l l t h e f r i e n d l y peoples o f t h e socialist c a m p a n d others, w i t h w h i c h o u r P a r t y , as a p a r t y l o y a l to t h e p r i n c i p l e s of the p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , has l i n k e d w i t h a n e v e r lasting and invincible friendship our small but her o i c people. W e a r e e x p e r i e n c i n g some t e m p o r a r y d i f f i c u l ties d u e t o t h e fact t h a t w e h a v e t o face n o t o n l y

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the attacks a n d t h e i n t r i g u e s o f o u r s w o r n enemies, the U.S. a n d o t h e r i m p e r i a l i s t s , t h e i r a l l i e s a n d l a c k e y s t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , b u t because w e h a v e t o r e p u l s e also t h e n e w s l a n d e r s a n d a t t a c k s w h i c h are b e i n g m a d e against us. B u t the d i f f i c u l ties h a v e n e v e r s c a r e d a n d b e n t e i t h e r o u r P a r t y , o r o u r people. B y c l o s i n g o u r r a n k s a r o u n d the P a r ty, b y s t r e n g t h e n i n g the v i g i l a n c e , b y m u l t i p l y i n g o u r e f f o r t s t o s u c c e s s f u l l y realise, b e t t e r t h a n ever, t h e tasks f o r the f u l f i l m e n t o f the state p l a n i n a l l the fields, w e s h a l l succeed. W e are c o n v i n c e d t h a t i n this s t r u g g l e a n d i n these e f f o r t s w e s h a l l h a v e the s u p p o r t o f a l l o u r f r i e n d s , o f a l l the peoples o f the socialist countries, i n c l u d i n g f i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t the S o v i e t people, o f a l l the c o m m u n i s t s o f the w o r l d , i n c l u d i n g f i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t the S o v i e t c o m m u n i s t s , w h o sooner o r l a t e r w i l l see t h a t the b l o w d i r e c t e d against o u r P a r t y a n d people i s u n j u s t , i s d a n g e r o u s for a l l the c o m m u n i s t s o f the w o r l d . W i t h this c o n f i d e n c e w e are c e l e b r a t i n g t h e great h o l i d a y of the 44th a n n i v e r s a r y of t h e O c t o ber S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u t i o n a n d the g r e a t h o l i d a y o f the 20th a n n i v e r s a r y o f the f o u n d i n g o f o u r g l o r i o u s P a r t y . W i t h this confidence, w i t h the r e v o l u t i o n a r y b a n n e r o f the v i c t o r i o u s L e n i n i s m , w i t h t h e u n f u r l e d b a n n e r o f o u r h e r o i c P a r t y , w e , the A l b a n i a n c o m m u n i s t s , together w i t h o u r e n t i r e p a t r i o t i c a n d f i g h t i n g people, s h a l l m a r c h f o r w a r d w i t h s u r e steps t o w a r d s n e w victories, f o r t h e g l o r y o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , f o r the g l o r y o f c o m m u n i s m , f o r the g l o r y o f o u r socialist h o m e l a n d .

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L o n g l i v e the 44th a n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e G r e a t October Socialist R e v o l u t i o n ! L o n g l i v e the 20th a n n i v e r s a r y o f the P a r t y of Labor of Albania!. G l o r y t o the v i c t o r i o u s M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the banner of the victories of our P a r t y and people! L o n g live our heroic and indomitable people! G l o r y t o the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a !

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ENVER

HOXHA
Committee of t h e

First Secretary of the C e n t r a l

P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a

EXCERPTS FROM THE REPORT ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY OF LABOR OF ALBANIA

S u b m i t t e d to the 5th Congress of the P L A o n N o v e m b e r 1,1966

THE STRUGGLE OF THE PARTY OF LABOR OF ALBANIA AGAINST MODERN REVISIONISM, IN DEFENSE OF THE PURITY OF MARXISM-LENINISM
D u r i n g t h e p e r i o d b e t w e e n the 4 t h C o n g r e s s a n d t h i s one, o u r P a r t y has w a g e d a r e s o l u t e a n d p r i n c i p l e d s t r u g g l e i n defence o f t h e p u r i t y o f Marxism-Leninism, a blow for blow struggle against K h r u s h c h e v i t e and Titoite revisionists and their followers. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a considers that it is the right and d u t y of every M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t y to defend the teachings of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m f r o m a n y r i g h t o r l e f t d e v i a t i o n w i t h i n its o w n ranks or w i t h i n the international C o m m u n i s t movement a n d to m a k e a principled criticism of any M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t y w h i c h violates and distorts the M a r x i s t principles and the laws of the proletarian revolution. This derives f r o m the fundamental p r i n c i p l e s a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a t u r e o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t d o c t r i n e , f r o m t h e c o m m o n interests and aims of a l l the detachments of the w o r k i n g class, f r o m t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y s p i r i t , a n d f r o m

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the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of e v e r y p a r t y f o r the fate of the international communist movement. A t t h e s a m e time, the correct u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d its a p plication in practice in different countries is not a n d cannot be a m o n o p o l y of one p a r t y or a f e w i n d i v i d u a l s , b u t i s the r i g h t a n d d u t y o f e a c h p a r t y and each communist or revolutionary group and a t t h e same t i m e o f a l l o f t h e m together. E a c h s h o u l d a n d does m a k e its o w n c o n t r i b u t i o n t o this great q u e s t i o n of p r i n c i p l e . It is a l i e n to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m to c l a s s i f y the parties i n t o b i g a n d s m a l l parties, the m o t h e r p a r t y a n d the d a u g h t e r p a r t y , the l e a d i n g P a r t y a n d t h e l e d . A l l the t r u e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s are e q u a l a n d i n d e p e n d e n t of one another, are u n i t e d to the e n d w i t h one a n o t h e r i n the great cause o f the r e v o l u t i o n , s u p p o r t a n d m u t u a l l y assist one a n o t h e r , consult a n d cooperate w i t h one a n o t h e r , c o o r d i n a t e their thought and action in order to achieve their c o m m o n goal, i n s p i r e d a n d g u i d e d i n e v e r y t h i n g by revolutionary Marxism-Leninism. The Party of Labor of A l b a n i a has always u p h e l d these p r i n c i p l e s a n d this h e a l t h y r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t , a n d since i t s f o u n d a t i o n i t has acted i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h t h e m . M a r c h i n g r e s o l u t e l y o n this correct r o a d , w i t h o u t a n y i n t e n t i o n o f i m p o s i n g its v i e w s o n others, the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a o p e n l y expresses its v i e w s o n t h e great p r o b l e m s t h a t preoccupy the international communist movement. E v e r y b o d y has t h e r i g h t a n d the d u t y t o c r i t i c i z e u s openly, i f w e are n o t r i g h t o n a c e r t a i n q u e s t i o n , o r

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s o m e b o d y does n o t s h a r e o u r v i e w s . W e w o u l d w e l come any just and principled criticism.

1. Modern Revisionism an Offshoot and A l l y of the Bourgeoisie and Imperialism T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a considers t h e open a n d u n i n t e r r u p t e d s t r u g g l e against m o d e r n revisionism, w i t h the Soviet revisionist leadership a s its c e n t e r , a s o n e o f t h e m a i n d u t i e s o f a l l the Marxist-Leninists, for modern revisionism is the m a i n e n e m y o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , the T r o j a n H o r s e o f w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m a n d c a p i t a l i s m , the second f r o n t o f i m p e r i a l i s m i n o p p o s i n g s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m . Its s t r a tegic a i m i s t o p e r p e t u a t e t h e c a p i t a l i s t r u l e w h e r e i t i s s t i l l i n p o w e r a n d t o restore c a p i t a l i s m w h e r e i t has b e e n o v e r t h r o w n . The present Khrushchevite revisionism is a d i rect successor a n d f o l l o w e r of the r e v i s i o n i s m of Bernstein and Kautsky, Trotsky and Bukharin, B r o w d e r a n d T i t o , against w h i c h M a r x , E n g e l s , Lenin and Stalin, the Communist T h i r d Internation a l a n d t h e I n f o r m a t i o n B u r e a u o f the C o m m u n i s t and Workers Parties waged a sharp and principled struggle. T h e present day modern revisionists a r e f o l l o w i n g i n the footsteps o f social-democracy, w h i c h is a s e r v a n t of the b o u r g e o i s i e a n d a w e a p o n t o c o n s o l i d a t e t h e c a p i t a l i s t order, s u p p r e s s the r e volution, and undermine socialism. R e v i s i o n i s m a n d s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y are t w o m a -

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nifestations of the same b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y : t h e f i r s t i n the communist m o v e m e n t , a n d the second in the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t . It is t h e i r c o m m o n i d e o l o g i c a l basis a n d c o m m o n p o l i t i c a l a i m s t h a t b r i n g r e v i s i o n i s m a n d social d e m o c r a c y together, u n i t e a n d i n t e g r a t e t h e m i n t o a s i n g l e a n t i - M a r x i s t , anti-socialist, a n d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o nary trend. T h e h i s t o r y o f the emergence, d e v e l o p m e n t a n d t r i u m p h of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m is a history of u n i n t e r r u p t e d s t r u g g l e against a l l its i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l opponents, against a l l b e t r a y e r s a n d s p l i t ters, against o p p o r t u n i s t s a n d r e v i s i o n i s t s of e v e r y shade. T h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t exists a n d develops in a society d i v i d e d i n t o o p p o s i n g classes a n d systems, b e t w e e n w h i c h there is s t e r n class s t r u g g l e . T h i s s t r u g g l e f i n d s its e x p r e s s i o n e v e n w i t h i n the r a n k s o f the c o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s a n d the I n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a s the s t r u g gle b e t w e e n M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d v a r i o u s o p p o r tunist and revisionist trends. Since the dialectical l a w o f d e v e l o p m e n t t h r o u g h the s t r u g g l e o f o p posites, is a u n i v e r s a l l a w it operates also w i t h i n the C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s a n d t h e C o m m u n i s t m o v e ment. O p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m h a v e a l w a y s been and remain the ideological and polic a l source o f d i s r u p t i o n o f t h e u n i t y o f t h e C o m m u n i s t Parties and the communist movement i n g e n e r a l . I n the c o u r s e o f its h i s t o r y t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t has w i t n e s s e d a transition f r o m unity to division and f r o m division to a n e w u n i t y on a h i g h e r basis. V i c t o r y in t h e

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struggle between M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and opportun i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m has a l w a y s b e e n o n t h e side o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . A f t e r e a c h b a t t l e against o p p o r t u n i s m and revisionism, the C o m m u n i s t mov e m e n t has w o n great h i s t o r i c a l v i c t o r i e s a n d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m has b e e n d e v e l o p e d a n d r a i s e d to a higher level. I t w a s p r e c i s e l y the s t r u g g l e o f g r e a t L e n i n a t the h e a d o f t h e B o l s h e v i k s a g a i n s t the o p p o r t u n i s m of the treacherous Second International, that ensured that victory of w o r l d historic importance the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia, w h i c h m a r k e d t h e greatest t u r n i n g - p o i n t i n t h e h i s t o r y o f m a n k i n d , opened t h e e r a o f t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i talism to communism, ensured the t r i u m p h of Marxism-Leninism over opportunism, revisionism a n d s o c i a l d e m o c r a c y , a n d l e d t o the f o r m a t i o n o f the C o m m u n i s t T h i r d I n t e r n a t i o n a l , w h i c h r a i s e d the w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t o a s t i l l h i g h e r l e v e l . I t w a s d u e t o the s t r u g g l e w a g e d b y J . V . S t a l i n , the g r e a t f o l l o w e r o f L e n i n ' s w o r k , a t the h e a d o f the C P S U a n d o f the s t r u g g l e o f the C o m m i n t e r n , t h a t t h e T r o t s k y i t e s , B u k h a r i nites, the b o u r g e o i s n a t i o n a l i s t s a n d a l l o t h e r o p p o r t u n i s t s w e r e smashed, t h u s e n s u r i n g t h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f the p r o l e t a r i a n d i c t a t o r s h i p a n d the v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , a n d p u s h i n g f o r w a r d the w o r l d revolutionary and liberation movement. This struggle was a direct contribution to the creation and tempering of the C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s ; i t c o n f i r m e d t h e basic p r i n ciples o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r -

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ties, s t r e n g t h e n e d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y u n i t y o f the communist movement against bourgeois ideology i n its v a r i o u s m a n i f e s t a t i o n s , a n d a r m e d the P a r ties w i t h great e x p e r i e n c e i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d applying M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m correctly in accordance w i t h the national and international conditions. T h e r e s u l t s o f the w o r k a n d s t r u g g l e w a g e d b y the C P S U , the C o m i n t e r n , a n d the i n d i v i d u a l C o m m u n i s t Parties, were reflected especially in the s t r u g g l e against f a s c i s m a n d after the S e c o n d W o r l d War, w h i c h ended in the complete political a n d m i l i t a r y defeat o f fascism, in the g e n e r a l w e a k e n i n g o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t f r o n t , i n the great v i c t o r y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , i n the e m b a r k i n g o f m a n y c o u n t r i e s o f E u r o p e a n d A s i a o n the r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m , i n the u p s u r g e o f the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t , i n the g r o w t h o f t h e r o l e a n d a u t h o r i t y o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d , in numerous political and economic victories of the i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g class. T h e S o v i e t U n i o n came out o f t h e w a r s t r o n ger t h a n ever, a l t h o u g h i t h a d s u f f e r e d great m a t e r i a l a n d h u m a n losses. Its e c o n o m y r e c o v e r e d q u i c k l y . G r e a t successes w e r e a c h i e v e d b y t h e other socialist c o u n t r i e s , too. As a result, t h e e c o nomic and political potential of socialism in the w o r l d increased, its defence m i g h t , t h e a t t r a c t i v e force of the ideas of s o c i a l i s m a n d t h e i n f l u e n c e of the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s , g r e w . T h e M a r x i s t Leninist u n i t y of the C o m m u n i s t and W o r k e r s ' P a r ties a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o l i d a r i t y o f t h e c o m m u -

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nists a n d peoples w a s s t r e n g t h e n e d a n d f o r g e d o n a h e a l t h y basis, the m u t u a l c o o p e r a t i o n a n d assistance a m o n g t h e f r a t e r n a l socialist c o u n t r i e s were developed and strengthened by new M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t m e t h o d s , t h e socialist c a m p w a s created a n d consolidated, a n d it became the defender of the peoples a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m a n d a m i g h t y s u p porter of the revolutionary and national liberation struggle, a great s c h o o l f o r t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d peoples o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d f o r t h e i r l i b e r a t i o n f r o m the y o k e o f the i m p e r i a l i s t oppressors a n d o t h e r enslavers. T h e R e v o l u t i o n w a s o n the rise a n d m a r c h i n g ahead, w h i l e i m p e r i a l i s m w a s m o v i n g t o w a r d s its d o o m , d e c a y i n g , a n d e n c i r c l e d b y the i r o n a n d f i r e o f t h e peoples o f the w h o l e w o r l d . T o e x t r i c a t e itself f r o m t h e d i f f i c u l t s i t u a t i o n a n d t o a c c o m p l i s h its c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d aggressive g l o b a l strategy, t h e h e a d o f w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m U S i m p e r i a l i s m , p u t i n m o t i o n a l l its e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l , military, and ideological potential. A t these v e r y d i f f i c u l t m o m e n t s f o r i m p e r i a l i s m , w h e n i t h a d t o s o l v e the crisis f a c i n g i t f r o m t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y i m p e t u s o f the w o r k i n g people, f r o m the political, ideological, economic and m i l i t a r y m i g h t o f the socialist c a m p , a n d t h e n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e o f t h e peoples, the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s h e a d e d b y the T i t o i t e a n d S o v i e t r e v i sionists c a m e t o the a i d o f i m p e r i a l i s m t o rescue i t f r o m c r i s i s a n d defeat. T h i s i s t h e great b e t r a y a l by the revisionists and their historical responsibil i t y b e f o r e the peoples.

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B e i n g ideologically and m o r a l l y on the same r a i l s a s U S a n d w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m i n g e n e r a l , despite the great m i l i t a r y p o t e n t i a l o f t h e c o u n t r i e s they r u l e d , the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s w e r e t e r r i f i e d by the w a r threats and atomic b l a c k m a i l of US i m p e r i a l i s m a n d s u r r e n d e r e d t o it. T h e y p r e s e n t e d themselves to w o r l d c a p i t a l i s m as obedient l a c keys a n d tested agents, w i t h a p o l i t i c a l p l a t f o r m , bourgeois f r o m t o p t o b o t t o m , b u t c a m o u f l a g e d w i t h M a r x i s t phraseology, i n o r d e r t o deceive t h e people m o r e easily. T h u s w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m a c h i e v e d a m u c h g r e a t e r success t h a t it h a d e x p e c t e d . T h e r e f o r e , i t r e a d i l y a p p r o v e d a l l the steps a n d actions o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s , cheered a n d a p p l a u d e d them, supported and exploited them to the f u l l w h i l e t r y i n g w i t h b l a c k m a i l a n d concessions, w i t h threats a n d l o a n s t o d r a g t h e m f u r t h e r a n d f u r t h e r d o w n the r o a d o f b e t r a y a l . T h e f i r s t a n d most d a n g e r o u s o f f s p r i n g o f i m p e r i a l i s m w a s T i t o i s m , w h i c h , w i t h the h e l p o f t h e bourgeoisies, the T r o t s k y i t e s , a n d social d e m o c r a c y , seized p o w e r i n Y u g o s l a v i a . I t w a s u s e d b y i m p e r i a l i s m as a p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l m e a n s to f i g h t the socialist countries, t o o r g a n i z e s u b v e r s i v e a c t i v i t i e s i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t o u n d e r m i n e the a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t s t r u g g l e o f t h e p e o ples, a n d t o f o r m u l a t e t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m u n d e r the c o n d i t i o n s w h e n a P a r t y o f T r o s k y i t e s a n d renegades i s i n p o w e r . B u t t h a n k s t o t h e acute farsightedness o f S t a l i n t h i s s e r i o u s threat w a s d i s c o v e r e d i n time, a n d a f i r m , m i l i t a n t ,

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Marxist-Leninist s t a n d against this t r e a c h e r o u s trend was adopted. The Titoite clique was exposed a s a b a n d o f agents o f U S i m p e r i a l i s m a n d the i n ternational bourgeoisie, it was fought unanimously b y the w h o l e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s m a n d w a s i s o l a t e d i n its l a i r . A f t e r t h e d e a t h o f S t a l i n , the c a m o u f l a g e d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s w i t h i n the r a n k s o f the C P S U , h e a d e d b y N . K h r u s h c h e v , b e g a n t o stir, t o p l o t a n d t o r e o r g a n i z e t h e m s e l v e s i n o r d e r t o seize p o w e r . T h e S o v i e t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d the l e a d e r s h i p o f the C P S U w e r e l a c k i n g i n r e v o l u t i o n a y v i g i l a n c e a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n . T h e y f e l l into the net o f i n t r i g u e o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d renegades, K h r u s h c h e v . M i k o y a n , B r e z h n i e v , etc, w h o c a r r i e d out t h e i r c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y coup. T h e people w i t h i n the l e a d e r s h i p o f the C P S U , not o n l y g r a d u a l l y lost t h e i r v i g i l a n c e b u t p r o v e d t h e m s e l v e s a s a p a thetic a s t h e y w e r e f r i g h t e n e d , i n the face o f the r i s e o f the r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n . T h e y dit n o t r e l y o n the P a r t y a n d the masses, but, b e g a n b a r g a i n i n g , m a k i n g concessions, a n d i n d u l g i n g i n i l l u sions a b o u t a false a n d o p p o r t u n i s t d e m o c r a t i c sol u t i o n , a l l e g e d l y t o save the u n d e r m i n e d u n i t y a n d prestige w h i c h w a s b e i n g d e s t r o y e d . A n d a l l this a t a t i m e w h e n the t r a i t o r s N . K h r u s h c h e v and Co, were taking everything into their own hands, b r i n g i n g the r e v i s i o n i s t p l o t t e r s t o k e y p o s i tions, a n d the w h o l e o f t h i s u n d e r m i n i n g a c t i v i t y was covered w i t h a deafening propaganda about

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plenty, strength, the newly established democracy, about t h e s p l e n d i d prospects f o r the d e v e l o p m e n t of the economy, c u l t u r e , a n d well-being; it was covered w i t h an unrestrained e u p h o r i a about the lost freedom regained about the sensational successes i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l f i e l d , a n d w i t h the b o m b a s t i c a n d a l m o s t d a i l y speeches of the greatest c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y t h a t h i s t o r y has ever k n o w n , the charlatan clown, N. Khrushchev. The Khrushchevite revisionists carried out intensive preparatory activity, openly and behind the scenes, b o t h i n s i d e the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n t h e o t h e r socialist c o u n t r i e s a s w e l l a s i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l arena, i n o r d e r t o p r e p a r e the coups, c o n d i tions, a n d people f o r their great action. T h e 20th, 21st, a n d 22nd Congresses o f the C P S U , are the k e y m o m e n t s w h e n the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s c a m e o u t t h e open w i t h t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l p l a t f o r m . T h e y began their onslaught against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the r e v o l u t i o n a n d s o c i a l i s m , b y l a u n c h i n g the attack o n the l i f e a n d w o r k o f J . V . S t a l i n , w h o , a s the great successor o f t h e cause o f L e n i n h a d d e f e n d e d a n d i m p l e m e n t e d a consistant r e v o l u t i o n a r y g e n e r a l line, w h i c h e n s u r e d the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s o c i a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , the v i c t o r y o v e r f a s c i s m i n the G r e a t P a t r i o tic W a r , a n d t h e p u t t i n g o f the S o v i e t U n i o n o n the r o a d t o the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f c o m m u n i s m . S i n c e that t i m e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d a n d e l a b o r a t e d u n t i l i t has become a n e n t i r e t h e o r e t i c a l a n d p r a c t i c a l system, w h i c h h a s

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been c o n c r e t i s e d i n t h e n e w P r o g r a m C P S U - t h e code o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m .

of

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Just as K h r u s h c h o v i t e revisionism did not a r i s e i n o n e d a y , b u t w e n t t h r o u g h its process o f formation, of organization a n d g r o w t h into a system, n e i t h e r d i d t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s recognise the n a t u r e o f r e v i s i o n i s m i n one day, b u t t h r o u g h a w h o l e h i s t o r i c a l process. I n o r d e r t o h i d e t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s a i m s , t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s use r e f i n e d f o r m s , m a n o e u v r e s , tactics a n d m e t h o d s , dressed t h e m s e l ves i n a l l k i n d s o f disguises i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h t h e international a n d national situations, w i t h the dev e l o p m e n t o f the class s t r u g g l e , a n d t h e i r t e m p o r a r y v i c t o r i e s a n d t h e i r defeats. A s t h e A l b a n i a n s a y i n g goes t h e s e r p e n t n e v e r s h o w s i t s feet. Thus it was proved that the most suitable f o r m for the penetration of bourgeois ideology into the socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s i s t h e f o r m of revisionism, w h i c h is nothing but bourgeois ideology, c a m o u f l a g e d w i t h M a r x i s t a n d socialist phraseology. T h e history of the international communist m o v e m e n t has n e v e r b e f o r e k n o w n a r e v i s i o n i s m d e v e l o p e d to s u c h p r o p o r t i o n s a n d so d a n g e r o u s as present d a y K h r u s h c h o v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m . T h i s i s c o n nected w i t h t h e fact t h a t one o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t features o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m i s t h a t i t i s r e v i s i o n i s m i n p o w e r w h i c h has a f f e c t e d t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s o f s e v e r a l socialist c o u n t r i e s , t h e C o m m u nist P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i n t h e f i r s t place, a n d thus, a l l t h e m i g h t , a u t h o r i t y a n d m e a n s o f the socialist state are u s e d t o d e f e n d a n d p r o p a -

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gate r e v i s i o n i s m . T h i s is a g r e a t m i s f o r t u n e , as w e l l as a great lesson, f o r the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , w h o must k n o w not only h o w to combat this revisionism w h i c h has p o w e r i n i t s h a n d s , b u t also, h o w t o p r e v e n t a r e p e t i t i o n of the r e v i s i o n i s t t r a g e d y of t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i n t h e o t h e r c o u n t r i e s t h a t are building socialism now, or w i l l enter the road of socialism in the future.

2. The Strategic A i m s of Khrushchovite Revisionism N o w t h e r e are innumerable facts t o p r o v e w h a t the strategic a i m s o f t h e K h r u s h c h o v i t e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s are, a n d w h a t e n o r m o u s d a m a g e a n d e v i l t h e y h a v e b r o u g h t a n d are b r i n g i n g t o s o c i a l i s m , the r e v o l u t i o n , a n d t h e peoples. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s d i r e c t e d the m a i n s p e a r h e a d of t h e i r s t r u g g l e against Marxism-Leninism as the r e l i a b l e t h e o r y o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a n d o f t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e defeat o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d c a p i talism. T h e y replaced this theory w i t h an opport u n i s t a n d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y t h e o r y i n the service o f the b o u r g e o i s i e a n d i m p e r i a l i s m . U n d e r t h e false slogans of t h e s t r u g g l e against d o g m a t i s m and of the creative development of M a r x i s m u n d e r the n e w c o n d i t i o n s t h e y a c t u a l l y d e c l a r e d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m to be outdated, n e g a t e d its f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e s , d e p r i v e d i t o f its r e v o l u tionary spirit, turned it into a doctrine w h i c h is not o n l y harmless but even h e l p f u l to the b o u r -

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geoisie. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s r e p l a c e d m a t e r i a l i s m w i t h i d e a l i s m , dialectics w i t h m e t a p h y s i c s , accepted t h e reactionary philosophy of pragmatism. They rej e c t e d t h e class s t r u g g l e , t h e socialist r e v o l u t i o n and the proletarian dictatorship, a n d replaced t h e m w i t h b o u r g e o i s a n d o p p o r t u n i s t t h e o r i e s o f class conciliation, social reform, peaceful transition, and liberal bourgeois democracy. T h e r e is no field of M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t theory w h e r e the revisionists h a ve not introduced bourgeois social-democratic ideology, w h i c h i s t h e i r s p i r i t u a l n o u r i s h m e n t . T h e a i m of the revisionists is the ideological disarmament o f t h e P a r t y a n d t h e w o r k i n g class i n o r d e r t o o p e n the w a y to the degeneration of socialism and the international communist movement. T h e second d i r e c t i o n o f t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s is to promote the degeneration and step up the destruction of the Marxist-Leninist parties , to t u r n them into social-democratic parties w h i c h s u p p o r t t h e c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , t o u n d e r m i n e socialism and defend and reestablish capitalism. They trampled underfoot the Leninist principles f o r the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e p a r t y o f a n e w t y p e , i n troduced into the p a r t y life forms a n d methods of w o r k alien to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , eliminated the old revolutionary cadres a n d brought opportunists, careerists, a n d a d v e n t u r e r s t o l e a d i n g positions, s t a r t e d o n t h e r o a d o f a l l i a n c e s w i t h t h e bourgeois, liberal and socialdemocratic parties, a n d n o w are preparing for the liquidation of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s u n d e r the p r e t e x t o f c r e a t i n g u n i t e d p a r ties o f t h e w o r k i n g class. T h e K h r u s h c h o v i t e s n e -

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gated t h e p r o l e t a r i a n class n a t u r e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d d e c l a r e d i t the p a r t y o f the e n t i r e people. T h e y d e n y t h e l e a d i n g role of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y armed w i t h M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t t h e o r y i n the socialist r e v o l u t i o n a n d i n the s y s t e m o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n d i c t a t o r s h i p , p r e a c h that the t r a n s i t i o n t o s o c i a l i s m a n d its c o n s t r u c t i o n c a n b e c a r r i e d out u n d e r t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f o t h e r p a r t i e s a n d classes, e v e n b o u r g e o i s ones. It is a b i t t e r fact t h a t t o d a y t h e p a r t i e s l e d b y t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s s c a r c e l y d i f f e r a t a l l f r o m t h e social-democratic parties; they have been transformed i n t o b o u r g e o i s parties o f t h e w o r k i n g class, a c c o m plices a n d s e r v a n t s o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e a n d i m p e r i a l i s m . T h u s t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s t r y t o d e p r i v e the w o r k i n g class a n d t h e w o r k i n g masses n o t o n l y o f t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n a r y i d e o l o g y b u t also o f t h e i r m i l i t a n t v a n g u a r d a n d t h e i r l e a d i n g p o l i t i c a l staff, a n d this at a time w h e n i m p e r i a l i s m and the bourgeoisie and reaction are organized and a r m e d to the teeth and have h u r l e d themselves into attack on the w o r k i n g class a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y peoples. A n o t h e r a i m of the K h r u s h c h o v i t e revisionists is the degeneration of the socialist system and the liquidation of the proletarian dictatorship , t h e r a d i c a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d socialist c o u n t r i e s i n t o b o u r g e o i s c o u n t r i e s a n d s t a tes o f a n e w T i t o i t e a n d T r o t s k y i t e t y p e . U n d e r the false s l o g a n of t h e s t r u g g l e against t h e c u l t o f the i n d i v i d u a l a n d its consequences the r e v i sionists m a d e t h e m o s t m o n s t r o u s s l a n d e r s against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , against t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y

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a n d the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t , against the w h o l e socialist o r d e r a n d w o r l d c o m m u n i s m . T h e K h r u s h c h o v i t e revisionists attacked the construct i o n o f s o c i a l i s m i n t h e U S R R , d e n i g r a t e d its v i c t o ries, d i s c r e d i t e d t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e ; t h e y t r i e d t o make people believe that S t a l i n w i t h his arbitrariness a n d his c u l t h a d d i s t o r t e d L e n i n ' s t e a c h ings. T h u s , S t a l i n i s t S o c i a l i s m h a d t o b e c o m p l e tely uprooted a n d t u r n e d into a genuine social i s m i n t h e r e v i s i o n i s t style, w h i c h w a s a c c e p t a b l e to t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s , the b o u r g e o i s l i b e r a l s , i m p e r i a l i s m a n d the bourgeoisie. U n d e r the cover o f t h e state o f t h e w h o l e people t h e K h r u s h c h o v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s e l i m i n a t e d the p r o l e t a r i a n d i c t a t o r s h i p i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d e s t a b l i s h e d t h e i r o w n d i c t a t o r s h i p w h i c h i s the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the n e w b o u r g e o i s i f i e d s t r a t u m , w h i c h h o l d s p o w e r i n its h a n d s a n d oppresses a n d e x p l o i t s t h e S o v i e t people. T h i s n e w b o u r g e o i s s t r a t u m , w h i c h i s the s o c i a l basis o f r e v i s i o n i s m a n d o f w h i c h the p o l i t i c a l r e p r e s e n tatives a r e the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders, has n o w p a v e d the w a y t o t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m i n the Soviet U n i o n . It has undertaken radical m e a sures to t r a n s f o r m the socialist e c o n o m y i n t o a c a pitalist economy of a n e w type after the example of Titoite Yugoslavia, to bastardise the education, culture, the w a y of life, the healthy proletarian morality, and to spread corruption and dissipation, t o o p e n t h e w a y t o the p e n e t r a t i o n o f b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y a n d m o r a l i t y a n d f o r e i g n i n v e s t m e n t s , especially of the US dollar. That w h i c h the i m p e r i a l i s t i n t e r v e n t i o n , t h e w h i t e g u a r d s , the T r o t s k y i -

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tes a n d a l l other e n e m i e s o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i n t h e i r t i m e w e r e q u i t e u n a b l e t o do, i s b e i n g c a r r i e d out b y the K h r u s h c h o v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s t o d a y . I t has b e e n a n d s t i l l i s t h e a i m o f the K h r u s h chevite r e v i s i o n i s t s to liquidate the socialist camp the greatest r e v o l u t i o n a r y v i c t o r y of the w o r k i n g class a n d a l l the w o r k i n g p e o p l e o f the w o r l d , t o replace i t w i t h the b r o a d i d e a o f t h e great socialist f a m i l y o f the peoples, t o d i s r u p t t h e f r a t e r n a l M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t b o n d s a m o n g the socialist countries and to replace t h e m w i t h bonds of domination and chauvinism, of blackmail, and the economic, p o l i t i c a l a n d m i l i t a r y p r e s s u r e o f the great u p o n the s m a l l , o f t h e s t r o n g u p o n t h e w e a k . T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders t r a m p l e u p o n t h e s o v e r e i g n t y o f t h e o t h e r socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d peoples, b r u t a l l y i n t e r f e r e i n t h e i r i n t e r n a l a f f a i r s , organize s u b v e r s i v e a c t i v i t y against t h e m , t r y t o i m p o s e u p o n t h e m t h e i r d i c t a t e t o p u t the socialist countries u n d e r the c o n t r o l a n d h e e l o f the t r a n s f o r m e d T r o s k y i t e S o v i e t State. I n the r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n the socialist c o u n t r i e s t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f p r o letarian internationalism have been replaced w i t h n e w bourgeois a n d c a p i t a l i s t p r i n c i p l e s o f o p p r e s sion a n d d o m i n a t i o n . F o l l o w i n g this r o a d , the S o viet r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d t h e i r f o l l o w e r s v i o l a t e d a l l the economic, p o l i t i c a l , a n d m i l i t a r y a g r e e m e n t s c o n c l u d e d w i t h t h e P.R. o f A l b a n i a , a n d p u r s u e d a savagely chauvinist and imperialist policy tow a r d s it. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t t r a i t o r s h a v e f o l l o w e d t h e l i n e of s a b o t a g i n g s o c i a l i s m , of e c o n o m i c p r e s s u r e a n d blockades, p r o v o c a t i o n s a n d plots t o w a r d s P R

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o f C h i n a also. T h e y f o l l o w the same policy in various forms and to various extents even towards t h e i r f r i e n d s a n d allies. A n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t aspect of the s t r a t e g y of the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s i s d i s r u p t i o n , o n a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l scale, o f t h e w o r k e r s ' i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t u n i t y , the smashing of the international communist movement , t h e s u b j u g a t i o n o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r ties t o the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p . T h e l e a d i n g S o v i e t g r o u p has i n t r o d u c e d t o the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t h e concept a n d method of the conductor's baton and the mother p a r t y . I t has v i o l a t e d t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t n o r m s and principles of relations between fraternal parties a n d has e s t a b l i s h e d f e u d a l a n d p a t r i a r c h a l r e l a t i o n s o f s u b m i s s i o n a n d d o m i n a t i o n . I t has d i r e c ted t h e w h o l e o f its struggle, n o t against the b o u r geoisie a n d the class enemy, but against the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s a n d f i r s t o f a l l against the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a n d t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a . The Soviet revisionist leadership, o r g a n i z e d t h e p u b l i c a t t a c k a t t h e 22nd congress o f t h e C P S U a g a i n s t the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a nia. T h e y and their followers transformed the rost r u m o f c e r t a i n o t h e r parties i n t o arenas o f w i l d s l a n d e r s a n d f i e r c e a t t a c k s n o t o n l y against o u r P a r t y , b u t also against the C P o f C h i n a a n d other M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s . I n M a r c h last year, the K h r u s h c h o v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s o r g a n i z e d the s p l i t t i s t and factional meeting of Moscow. They have supp o r t e d a n d i n c i t e d a n t i - p a r t y a n d h o s t i l e elements t o u n d e r t a k e f a c t i o n a l a c t i v i t y against t h e f r a t e r -

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n a l parties, h a v e c a r r i e d o u t a n d are c a r r y i n g o u t s p l i t t i n g a c t i v i t y o n a b r o a d scale w i t h i n the i n ternational democratic organizations, d o i n g their best t o i m p o s e o n t h e m t h e i r o p p o r t u n i s t a n d p r o imperialist line. Soviet-U.S. friendship and cooperation and the establishment of a new alliance between U.S imperialism and Soviet revisionist imperialism for world domination is t h e essence of the K h r u s h chevite r e v i s i o n i s t s ' line, t h e i r loftiest i d e a l a n d d r e a m . T h i s n e w a l l i a n c e a i m s a t d i v i d i n g the s p h e res of i n f l u e n c e a n d p u t t i n g a l l t h e states of t h e w o r l d u n d e r the dictate o f these t w o b i g p o w e r s . It is an u n d e n i a b l e fact t h a t n o w the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s , h e a d e d b y the S o v i e t leaders, d o not m a k e a n y d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e f r i e n d s a n d enemies o f s o c i a l i s m a n d the peoples, t h e y h a v e broken any bonds w i t h M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , w i t h the r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d peoples. T h e y h a v e u n i t e d w i t h imperialism in opposing socialism, w i t h the U S A , w i t h a l l t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s against t h e p e o ples, w i t h a l l the r e a c t i o n a r i e s i n o p p o s i n g t h e revolutionaries. They have united w i t h the Titoite clique a n d a l l the o t h e r renegades f r o m t h e w o r k i n g class against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a n d t h e P a r ties a n d forces w h i c h are l o y a l t o i t a n d t o t h e cause o f r e v o l u t i o n . S u c h is the anti-Marxist, anti-socialist and c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y force o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists. S u c h are t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s s t r a t e g i c a i m s . T h e m a i n p u r p o s e o f the r e s o l u t e a n d p r i n cipled struggle of our Party was precisely the

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u n m a s k i n g of t h e t r e a c h e r o u s f e a t u r e s of the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s b e f o r e t h e eyes o f a l l c o m m u n i s t s a n d peoples, t h e u n m a s k i n g o f t h e hostile aims of the Soviet revisionists leadership. O u r P a r t y is determined to carry this struggle through to the end, to the complete victory of Marxism-Leninism over Khrushchevite, Titoite, and other m o d e r n revisionism.

3. The Struggle of the Party of Labor of Albania and all the Marxist-Leninists Against Revisionism and its Results T h e Soviet revisionist leaders thought, that because o f t h e e c o n o m i c a n d m i l i t a r y p o t e n t i a l a n d the prestige a n d a u t h o r i t y o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d o f t h e S o v i e t State, resistance t o t h e i r b e t r a yal w o u l d be weak a n d easily eliminated. Being anti-Marxist, they under-estimated the strength o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , its d y n a m i s m a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t . I n fact t h i n g s t u r n e d o u t q u i t e t h e contrary, and it could not happen otherwise. Against this g r e a t b e t r a y a l o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s t h e r e stood u p w i t h a l l t h e i r m i g h t the g l o r i o u s C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a , the P a r t y o f Labor of A l b a n i a , the other M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r ties, a n d a l l t h e t r u e c o m m u n i s t s a n d r e v o l u t i o n a ries, w h o s a i d stop to r e v i s i o n i s m a n d b e g a n a stern, p r i n c i p l e d and uncompromising struggle against it. T h i s s t r u g g l e i n f u r i a t e d a n d t e r r i f i e d the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , f o r i t t h r e a t e n e d t h e m

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w i t h destruction a n d death. T h a t is w h y they d i rected a l l t h e i r f i r e - p o w e r against the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s a n d forces, w i t h t h e R P o f C h i n a a n d t h e P R o f A l b a n i a a s t h e i r m a i n targets. T h e y h a v e s t r i v e n b y e v e r y m e a n s t o s u b d u e us, u s e d a l l t h e i r d e m a g o g y t o isolate t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i nists a n d t o n e u t r a l i z e t h e i r h e r o i c struggle, w h i c h w a s t h e i r resolute response t o t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s ' b e trayal; they manoeuvred in a thousand and one w a y s t o stop the p o l e m i c s w h i c h t h e y t h e m s e l v e s h a d started. T h e y left n o stone u n t u r n e d b u t h a d n o v i c t o r y , o n l y losses, f a i l u r e a n d defeat, u p t o the elimination of their chieftain Khrushchov, and this w a s a t e r r i b l e c a l a m i t y f o r t h e w h o l e o f m o dern revisionism. O u r P a r t y u n d e r t o o k the o p e n s t r u g g l e i m p o sed o n i t b y m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , w i t h c o m p l e t e confidence a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , w i t h w i s d o m a n d m a t u r i t y . I t assessed this struggle, p r o p e r l y , a n d took account o f the sacrifices i n v o l v e d , because this w a s a m a j o r q u e s t i o n of p r i n c i p l e , u p o n w h i c h its fate a n d the fate o f its b e l o v e d people w h o h a d r a i s e d a n d t e m p e r e d it, the fate o f s o c i a l i s m , a n d t h e f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e o f the M o t h e r l a n d w e r e dependent. T h i s w a s a s t r u g g l e i n defence o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m , i n defence o f t h e v i t a l interests o f the w o r k i n g class a n d peoples. Its l o y a l t y to the r e v o l u t i o n a r y cause of its people a n d its l o f t y i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , its loyalty to the teachings of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e 1957 a n d 1960 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n s , a r e what inspired and still inspire our party in the

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w h o l e o f its s t a n d , a n d i n t h e r e s o l u t e a n d consistent s t r u g g l e against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m o f K h r u s h chov, T i t o a n d others. The Khrushchevites under-estimated this correct d e c i s i o n o f o u r P a r t y t o resist a n d t o f i g h t b l o w for blow, against revisionism considering it a n a d v e n t u r e t h a t w o u l d f l a r e u p b u t d i e out a f t e r a few moments, like a fire in straw. They thought t h a t w i t h t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d the A l b a n i a n people, a s m a l l P a r t y a n d p e o p l e of a s m a l l socialist c o u n t r y , t h e y w o u l d q u i c k l y settle a c c o u n t s a n d w o u l d thus p r o v i d e a g o o d lesson f o r a l l those w h o m i g h t d a r e t o oppose the r e v i s i o nist betrayal. F o r this purpose they undertook a h o s t i l e a c t i v i t y a g a i n s t us s u c h as e v e n the m o s t r a b i d i m p e r i a l i s t s m i g h t e n v y . N e v e r since l i b e r a t i o n h a d the A l b a n i a n people b e e n p l a c e d i n a more difficult position than that brought about by the r e v i s i o n i s t t r a i t o r s h e a d e d b y the K h r u s h c h o v g r o u p . B u t o u r P a r t y a n d p e o p l e passed this great h i s t o r i c test w i t h c o m p l e t e success, a n d i n f l i c t e d a shameful defeat on the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists a n d t h e i r f o l l o w e r s . L i f e p r o v e d t h a t t h e i r c a l c u l a t i o n s w e r e b u i l t o n s a n d , t h a t i n this m a t t e r , too, t h e y t h o u g h t a n d acted a s a n t i - M a r x i s t s a n d c h a u v i n i s t s a n d t h a t i s w h y t h e y b r o k e t h e i r heads. T h e r e h a v e b e e n people f r i e n d l y a n d w e l l i n t e n t i o n e d t o w a r d s o u r P a r t y a n d people, w h o d i d not understand at first that o u r P a r t y w a s correct in its decisions to resist r e v i s i o n i s m by e v e r y m e a n s a n d t o f i g h t a b l o w f o r b l o w s t r u g g l e against i t . Some among them even considered o u r Party's

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stand i m m a t u r e , hasty, tactically wrong, heads t r o n g a n d a r r o g a n t . W e l i s t e n e d p a t i e n t l y t o these groundless j u d g e m e n t s a n d w e r e c o n v i n c e d t h a t we would eventually be understood and supported, as a c t u a l l y h a p p e n e d . It is n o t d i f f i c u l t f o r those w h o are a w a r e o f t h e h i s t o r y o f o u r r e l a t i o n s w i t h the S o v i e t leaders to see h o w correct a n d c a r e f u l , h o w c a l m a n d cool-headed o u r P a r t y ' s s t a n d has been. T h e s t r u g g l e o f o u r P a r t y a g a i n s t K h r u s c h e vite revisionism was not guided by economic or other t r i v i a l a n d p r a c t i c a l considerations, u n h e a l t h y p r i d e o r n a r r o w n a t i o n a l interests, w h i c h , some people t h o u g h t , c o u l d b e e a s i l y settled i n one o r t w o meetings w i t h t h e S o v i e t leaders. O u r d i f ferences w i t h t h e S o v i e t leaders w e r e n o t o n l y as a consequence o f the g r a v e m i s t a k e s w h i c h t h e y h a d committed towards our P a r t y and our country. The Soviet revisionist leadership committed mistakes i n r e g a r d t o A l b a n i a because t h e y h a d b e trayed M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and their mistakes were the consequence o f t h i s b e t r a y a l a n d d e p a r t u r e from principle. Therefore, the mistakes of the Khrushchevites in regard to us could not be rectified separately f r o m their treacherous general line. T h e differences w e r e o f p r i n c i p l e a n d g e n e r a l , b e f o r e they w e r e p a r t i c u l a r a n d p a r t i a l . T h e y w e r e d i f f e rences b e t w e e n t w o l i n e s i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m munist movement, a n d not simply between the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d the l e a d e r s h i p o f the CPSU. Where did o u r P a r t y f i n d such confidence and clarity, such strength a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n i n its

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struggle against m o d e r n revisionism? O u r P a r t y is relatively young a n d small, but it is a P a r t y created and tempered amidst struggle and rev o l u t i o n ; it is a consistent and r e v o l u t i o n a r y party, w h i c h , t h r o u g h o u t its l i f e , has r i g o r o u s l y a n d l o y a l l y u p h e l d the p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t i d e o l o g y . O u r P a r t y ' s s t r e n g t h a n d i n v i n c i b i l i t y lies i n t h e i n vincibility of Marxism-Leninism, which our Party defends, i n the r e v o l u t i o n a r y cause f o r w h i c h i t f i g h t s , i n t h e s t e e l - l i k e u n i t y o f its r a n k s t e m p e r e d i n f i e r c e class b a t t l e s ; i t lies i n its u n b r e a k a b l e l i n k s w i t h t h e people, f o r g e d b y the P a r t y w i t h its correct l i n e , a n d i n the g r e a t i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o letarian solidarity. The great experience gained by our P a r t y in the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m p l a y e d a p a r t i c u l a r r o l e i n the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t the K h r u s h chevites. F o r m o r e t h a n 2 0 y e a r s o u r P a r t y h a s been r e s o l u t e l y a n d c o n s i s t e n l y f i g h t i n g against t h e T i t o i t e renegades w h o h a v e p l o t t e d a g a i n s t o u r P a r t y a n d o u r R e p u b l i c , sabotaged t h e h i s t o r i c v i c tories of the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e of the peoples o f Y u g o s l a v i a , d e s t r o y e d e v e r y t h i n g socialist, p a v e d t h e w a y f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f c a p i t a l i s m b o t h i n t h e c o u n t r y s i d e a n d i n the cities, m a d e Yugoslavia dependent economically and politically on i m p e r i a l i s t a i d a n d credits, t u r n e d it i n t o a t o o l o f U S i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its aggressive a n d w a r mongering policy. T h e treacherous Titoite policy r e v i v e d a n d i n c i t e d n a t i o n a l c o n f l i c t s a m o n g the peoples o f Y u g o s l a v i a . O u r P a r t y has n e v e r w a v e red i n its s t e r n a n d p r i n c i p l e d s t r u g g l e against the

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T i t o i t e b e t r a y a l . A n d life, w h i c h i s the best j u d g e , has c o m p l e t e l y p r o v e d the correctness o f the s t r u g g l e a n d o f the p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l s t a n d o f o u r P a r t y in opposing Titoite revisionism. T h e struggle of o u r P a r t y a g a i n s t T i t o i s m w a s a great s c h o o l w h i c h t e m p e r e d us, s t r e n g t h e n e d o u r f a i t h i n v i c tory, taught us to clearly distinguish enemies no m a t t e r h o w w e l l c a m o u f l a g e d t h e y m a y be, t o see t h r o u g h t h e i r sinister p l a n s , tactics, d e m a g o g y a n d m e t h o d s of struggle. As a consequence, in the s t r u g gle against K h r u s h c h e v i t e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , o u r P a r t y was not a y o u n g and inexperienced party. H a d i t f o l l o w e d a n a d v e n t u r o u s l i n e i n the s t r u g gle against the Y u g o s l a v revisionists, r e a c t i o n a r i e s , enemies, a n d i m p e r i a l i s t plotters, o u r P a r t y w o u l d h a v e b r o k e n its neck l o n g ago. T h i s d i d not h a p p e n a n d w o u l d not h a p p e n i n t h e great s t r u g g l e against the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s either. F o r m o r e t h a n s i x y e a r s n o w o u r P a r t y has been c o n d u c t i n g a b i t t e r a n d u n r e l e n t i n g s t r u g g l e against K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m . D u r i n g these y e a r s the l o f t y features a n d v i r t u e s o f o u r P a r t y , its i d e o l o g i c a l farsightedness, the s t e e l - l i k e u n i t y o f the r a n k s o f the P a r t y a n d o f the P a r t y w i t h t h e people, its r e v o l u t i o n a r y courage w e r e d e m o n s t r a ted once a g a i n w i t h u n p r e c e d e n t e d v i g o u r . B e c a u s e o f its p r i n c i p l e d s t a n d a n d the r e s o l u t e s t r u g g l e against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , o u r P a r t y has w o n the h a t r e d o f the r e v i s i o n i s t e n e m i e s a n d the l o v e a n d respect o f its f r i e n d s , o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d revolutionaries of the w h o l e w o r l d . We highly a p p r e c i a t e this fact a n d w i t h due modesty,

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w i l l stand u n y i e l d i n g on o u r correct r e v o l u tionary positions a n d w i l l m a k e our contribut i o n t o the great s t r u g g l e w h i c h i s g o i n g o n t o d a y between M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and modern revisionism. T h e struggle against revisionism, like that against imperialism, develops gradually, w i t h zigzags. B u t t h e g e n e r a l t r e n d o f t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f this s t r u g g l e has b e e n a n d is at p r e s e n t t h e rise of t h e a n t i - r e v i s i o n i s t tide, t h e g r o w t h o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces a n d t h e f a l l o f the r e v i s i o n i s t t i d e a n d a n t i - M a r x i s t forces. K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m i s i n decline, because o f the o p e n resistance a n d t h e s t r u g g l e against it, w h i c h has i n f l i c t e d great defeats o n the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d h a s f a c e d r e v i s i o n i s m w i t h a deep a n d g e n e r a l crisis. W h a t are t h e m a i n r e s u l t s o f this h i s t o r i c s t r u g gle between M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d m o d e r n revisionism? First , w h i l s t a t f i r s t r e v i s i o n i s m w a s d e v e l o p i n g q u i e t l y , c o v e r e d w i t h the m a s k o f M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m , s p e c u l a t i n g o n t h e p r e s t i g e a n d the a u thority of the Communist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , t h e s t r u g g l e o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s a n d forces tore the m a s k f r o m the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists, a n d exposed their treacherous real face. N e v e r since t h a t t i m e h a v e the r e v i s i o n i s t s been a b l e t o act q u i e t l y , u n d e r t h e rose, w i t h o u t being condemned and punished. T h e struggle against r e v i s i o n i s m made it possible to d r a w a clear-cut line between truth and falsehood, between M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and revisionism, between revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries.

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I t h e l p e d t h e c o m m u n i s t s a n d t h e peoples t o f u l l y r e a l i z e w h a t the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d t h e i r l i k e are, w h a t t h e y represent, a n d w h o m t h e y serve, w i t h t h e i r p o l i c y a n d a l l t h e i r a c t i v i t y . Second , w h i l s t a t t h e b e g i n n i n g the r e v i s i o n i s t s succeeded i n d e c e i v i n g a l o t o f people w i t h t h e i r boastful promises of creating abundance, material wealth, w i t h their bombastic plans of achieving c o m m u n i s m w i t h i n a short period, w i t h their dem a g o g i c slogans a b o u t the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a n e v e r l a s t i n g peace a n d of the c r e a t i o n , n o t l a t e r t h a n 1960, of a w o r l d w i t h o u t w e a p o n s , w i t h o u t a r m i e s a n d w i t h o u t w a r s , etc. etc., n o w , t h e i r d o m e s t i c a n d f o r e i g n policies h a v e s u f f e r e d a c o m p l e t e fiasco, t h e i r l o u d p r o m i s e s r e m a i n e m p t y w o r d s , a n d t h e i r d e m a g o g y h a s been u t t e r l y d i s credited. As a r e s u l t of t h e i r b o u r g e o i s c a p i t a l i s t d o m e s tic p o l i c y , w h i c h has caused e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l , ideological, m i l i t a r y and c u l t u r a l chaos a n d conf u s i o n a n d has p a v e d t h e w a y t o t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m , the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e i n v o l v e d i n a deep a n d i r r e c o n c i l a b l e c o n t r a d i c t i o n w i t h t h e S o v i e t c o m m u n i s t s a n d people, w h o d e f e n d t h e socialist r o a d o f d e v e l o p m e n t o p e n e d b y t h e O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n against the c a p i t a l i s t r o a d followed by the revisionist counter-revolution. At the same t i m e , as t h e r e s u l t of t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s counter-revolutionary capitulationist foreign policy, t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e become i n volved in a general conflict w i t h all anti-imper i a l i s t forces i n t h e w o r l d , w h i c h see i n the l i n e o f

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Soviet-US collaboration the big imperialist-revision i s t p l o t o f o p p r e s s i n g t h e peoples a n d e s t a b l i s h i n g the domination of the two great powers in the world. Third , w h i l s t e a r l i e r t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s seemed t o h a v e a m o r e o r less u n i t e d s i n g l e f r o n t , n o w t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s l i n e a n d the s t r u g g l e o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d forces h a v e caused t h e m great difficulties a n d contradictions that are eroding the revisionist front f r o m w i t h i n . N o w the revisionist f r o n t has b e e n u n d e r m i n e d t o its f o u n d a t i o n s , a n d t h e y are l i k e a p a c k of h u n g r y w o l v e s r e a d y to t e a r one a n o t h e r t o pieces. T h e c o n d u c t o r ' s b a t o n n o l o n g e r has a l l t h e r e v i s i o n i s t o r c h e s t r a u n d e r its c o n t r o l . C e n t r i f u g a l a n d p o l y c e n t r i s t tendencies are i n c r e a s i n g , b i g - p o w e r chauvinism has b r e d n a r r o w local nationalism as an inevitable reaction. T h e d i f f e r e n t v a r i a n t s o f r e v i s i o n i s m are q u a r r e l i n g w i t h o n e a n o t h e r f o r spheres o f i n f l u e n c e , a n d dem a n d t o b e m o r e free, m o r e i n d e p e n d e n t f r o m the r o u b l e so as to b e c o m e d e p e n d e n t on the d o l l a r . E a c h i s m a k i n g e f f o r t s t o d e f e n d its o w n e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l a n d m i l i t a r y i n t e r e s t a n d t o oppose t h e m to t h e i n t e r e s t s of o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders a r e t r y i n g b y h o o k a n d b y crook, n o w b y t h r e a t s a n d pressure, n o w b y concessions a n d roubles, t o stop t h e c r a c k s i n the l e a k i n g r e v i s i o n i s t boat. B u t none o f these e f f o r t s h a v e succeeded n o r e v e r w i l l succeed, b e cause t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e u n p r i n c i p l e d people, b e a rers a n d t r a n s m i t t e r s o f b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y , n a t i o -

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nalists a n d c h a u v i n i s t s ; t h e r e f o r e t h e r e c a n n e v e r be unity among them. T h e f i r m a n d p r i n c i p l e d s t r u g g l e w a g e d b y the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s w i l l s h a r p e n these c o n t r a d i c t i o n s m o r e a n d m o r e , s o t h a t the r e v i s i o n i s t f r o n t w i l l b e w e a k e n e d a n d the w a v e o f r e v o l u t i o n w i l l r i s e . This struggle, however, should be w a g e d w i t h o u t o v e r e s t i m a t i n g these c o n t r a d i c t i o n s , o r n u r t u r i n g i l l u s i o n s , because, i r r e s p e c t i v e of the shades of d i f ference b e t w e e n t h e m a n d c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a m o n g t h e m , a l l the r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d i n g g r o u p s r e p r e s e n t a single retrogressive a n t i - M a r x i s t trend they all h a v e the c o m m o n g o a l o f s t r u g g l i n g against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d the r e v o l u t i o n , a l l t h e i r m a n o e u vres a n d p r e o c c u p a t i o n s are a i m e d a t s a v i n g r e v i s i o n i s m , a t c o n s o l i d a t i n g its positions a n d p r o l o n g i n g its l i f e . Fourth , w h i l s t e a r l i e r the r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p s seemed t o b e p o w e r f u l , stable, a n d w i t h c o n s o l i d a t e d positions a t h o m e , n o w e v e r y o n e c a n see t h a t t h e y a r e w e a k , unstable, a n d t h e i r positions are s h a k y , W i t h o u t m e n t i o n i n g each g r o u p separately, let u s d w e l l b r i e f l y o n the t w o m a i n ones: the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p a n d the T i t o i t e g r o u p . T h e g e n e r a l weakness of the Soviet leading group became e v i dent w i t h t h e s h a m e f u l b a n k r u p t c y o f its l e a d e r and inspirer, the a r c h t r a i t o r N. Khrushchev. Khrushchov's failure was an inevitable consequence of the r e v i s i o n i s t course, of the deep c o n tradictions of revisionism, of the resistance b y the g e n u i n e S o v i e t r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d the s t r u g gle of the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties a n d forces t h a t

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exposed and completely defeated this traitor. The followers of N. Khrushchev, his loyal disciples a n d c o l l a b o r a t o r s , r e m o v e d h i m f r o m t h e political scene to save revisionism and to practice Khrushchovism without Khrushchov. Together w i t h K h r u s h c h o v i s m , however, they i n h e r i t e d a l l t h e p r o b l e m s left u n s o l v e d b y K h r u s h chev, a s w e l l a s a l l the d i f f i c u l t i e s a n d c o n t r a d i c tions t o w h i c h t h e i r r e v i s i o n i s t c o u r s e gives b i r t h a n d w h i c h are d a i l y b e c o m i n g m o r e serious. T h e n e w S o v i e t l e a d i n g g r o u p , m a k i n g use o f d e m a g o g y a n d v a r i o u s m a s k s , t r i e d t o get o u t o f its d i f f i c u l t situation, but there is nothing to help them. Their t r i c k s h a v e b e e n e x p o s e d b y the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties a n d forces, w h i l e i n the S o v i e t U n i o n itself the g e n u i n e c o m m u n i s t s a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s i n the cities a n d k o l k h o z e s , i n t h e a r m y a n d e l s e w h e r e , have increased their anti-revisionist activities in various forms: here setting up Committees in defence o f S t a l i n , there, C o m m i t t e e s f o r t h e defeat o f r e v i s i o n i s m , a n d s o o n . O u r P a r t y i s c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e d a y w i l l c o m e w h e n t h e peoples a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s i n the S o v i e t U n i o n w i l l s m a s h t h e r e v i s i o n i s t t r a i t o r c l i q u e t h a t has u s u r ped p o w e r , a n d w i l l a g a i n r a i s e h i g h t h e v i c t o r i o u s b a n n e r o f the O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n , the b a n n e r o f Lenin and Stalin. We were given another example that is eloquent o f t h e w e a k e n i n g o f t h e v a r i o u s r e v i s i o n i s t groups b y t h e recent e v e n t s i n T i t o i t e Y u g o s l a v i a . A m o n g the Titoite leading group squabbles a n d fights for power, as w e l l as national rivalries have

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b r o k e n out. T h e T i t o - K a r d e l j - B a k a r i c h g r o u p t h a t represents the i n t e r e s t s o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i sie a n d C r o a t - s l o v e n i a n c h a u v i n i s m e l i m i n a t e d t h e other r i v a l g r o u p o f R a n k o v i c h , t h a t r e p r e s e n t e d great S e r b c a p i t a l i s t c h a u v i n i s m r e l y i n g o n U D B , w h i c h w a s u s e d n o t o n l y t o suppress a n d m u r d e r the Y u g o s l a v i a n c o m m u n i s t s a n d people a t h i n g that s e r v e d the c o m m o n i n t e r e s t s o f the w h o l e Titoite clique but was used by R a n k o v i c h to ensure the g r e a t - S e r b h e g e m o n y i n Y u g o s l a v i a , a n d to e l i m i n a t e a n y resistance to it. T h e recent e v e n t s are the n a t u r a l course o f d e v e l o p m e n t i n T i t o i t e Y u g o s l a v i a w h i c h has b e c o m e i n v o l v e d i n c o m p l e t e c a p i t a l i s t chaos a n d degener a t i o n . T h e b e t r a y a l b y the T i t o c l i q u e o f M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m c o u l d n o t f a i l t o l e a d a n d i n fact d i d l e a d , t o the g r o w t h o f the m o s t r a b i d n a t i o n a l i s m a n d c h a u v i n i s m . T h e d i r e c t d e m o c r a c y a n d the w o r k e r s ' self-administration as w e l l as t h e e c o n o m i c r e f o r m s , etc. w e r e n o t h i n g b u t the d e v i c e b y w h i c h the e c o n o m i c a l l y s t r o n g e r g r o u p , m a i n l y the C r o a t Slovenian group tried to sanction their domination over the o t h e r r e p u b l i c s o f t h e Y u g o s l a v F e d e r a t i o n , w h i c h w e r e t o r e m a i n m e r e l y sources o f r a w m a t e r i a l s a n d m a n p o w e r . T h e r i v a l r i e s t h a t are developing in Y u g o s l a v i a n o w are closely b o u n d u p w i t h the r i v a l r i e s o f t h e e x t e r n a l w o l v e s , i n t h e f i r s t place, b e t w e e n the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s leaders, w h o are s t r u g g l i n g f o r zones o f i n f l u e n c e , f o r c a p i t a l i n v e s t m e n t s a n d t o establish t h e i r d o m i n a t i o n a t the e x p e n s e o f t h e Y u g o s l a v peoples. F r o m t h e last clash those w h o

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came out v i c t o r i o u s w e r e t h e U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s w h o s u p p o r t e d the T i t o - K a r d e l j g r o u p o f t h e richest S l o v e n o - C r o a t bourgeoisie. B u t this i s n o t the e n d o f t h e a f f a i r . N o t o n l y because t h e R a n k o v i c h S e r b o m a n i a c c h a u v i n i s t i s w i l l not l i g h t l y l a y d o w n t h e i r a r m s , b u t because, i n t h e f i r s t place, the Y u g o s l a v people a n d the g e n u i n e Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t s w i l l not a l l o w these chauvinistic groups, Serbomaniacs or Croat-Slovens, no matter w h o they are to p e r f o r m at their e x pense. T h e Yugoslav peoples a n d the g e n u i n e Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t s are r e a l i z i n g e v e r m o r e clearly that the Titoite regime, no matter w h i c h c h a u v i n i s t i c g r o u p stands at the top, represents a c r u e l , b l o o d y , p o l i c e r e g i m e , w h i c h keeps u n d e r the y o k e a n d m e r c i l e s s l y oppresses not o n l y the peoples o f M o n t e n e g r o a n d M a c e d o n i a , o f K o s o v a a n d B o s n i a - H e r z e g o v i n a , b u t also the w o r k i n g p e o p l e o f S e r b i a , C r o a t i a , a n d S l o v e n i a , a n d a l l the other peoples of Y u g o s l a v i a . T h e e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e T i t o i t e b e t r a y a l h a s served a s a n e x a m p l e f o r a l l t h e o t h e r m o d e r n r e v i sionists. A l l o f t h e m , one m o r e z e a l o u s l y t h a n t h e other, h a v e t r i e d t o c o p y i t a n d a p p l y i t i n t h e i r o w n c o u n t r i e s . A n d n o w i n the Y u g o s l a v chaos, i n the s t r u g g l e f o r p o w e r , i n t h e c h a u v i n i s t i c r i v a l r i e s , w e s h o u l d see t h e i r f u t u r e too, the m i n e i n w h i c h they w i l l end up. Fifth. W h i l e , p r e v i o u s l y , the r e v i s i o n i s t s h a d m a n a g e d t o some e x t e n t t o e s t a b l i s h t h e i r d o m i n a tion over the C o m m u n i s t Parties and the i n t e r n a tional communist movement and impose their

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t r e a c h e r o u s l i n e u p o n t h e m , n o w , t h a n k s t o the s t r u g g l e o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d forces, a n d as a r e a c t i o n a g a i n s t the r e v i s i o n i s t l i n e a n d methods, a g r e a t process of d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n b e t w e e n the forces o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m o n b o t h a n a t i o n a l a n d a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l scale h a s d e v e l o p e d a n d i s b e c o m i n g deeper. T e n s o f n e w parties a n d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t groups h a v e been f o u n d e d i n d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s o f the w o r l d , i n c l u d i n g some socialist countries. W e w h o l e h e a r t e d l y h a i l these M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties a n d g r o u p s a n d w i s h t h e m e v e r g r e a t e r successes i n t h e i r just s t r u g g l e f o r the great r e v o l u t i o n a r y ideals of the w o r k i n g class. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , c a r i n g not a s n a p f o r the r e v i s i o n i s t s l a n d e r s a n d a c cusations that w e h a v e been a l l e g e d l y c a r r y i n g out factionist a n d s p l i t t i n g activities, has done a n d w i l l continue to do everything it can to help the n e w M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces, a l l those w h o f i g h t against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m a n d w h o a r e f o r r e v o l u t i o n . W e r e g a r d this a s o u r l o f t y i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t d u t y , f o r i n the g r o w t h o f these n e w r e v o l u t i o n a r y forces w e see the o n l y correct w a y t o the t r i u m p h o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e d e s t r u c t i o n of r e v i s i o n i s m . F r o m t h e a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d results o f the s t r u g gle b e t w e e n M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d m o d e r n r e v i sionism, it is evident that revisionism is undergoing a deep crisis w i t h o u t a w a y out, a n d its t o t a l defeat i s i n e v i t a b l e . O u r P a r t y , l i k e a l l the t r u e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , has the duty of intensifying the s t r u g g l e f o r t h e defence o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t

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positions a n d the e x p o s u r e o f r e v i s i o n i s m . W e m u s t h e l p t o m a k e the crisis w h i c h r e v i s i o n i s m i s u n d e r g o i n g , b e c o m e deeper a n d d e v e l o p m o r e r a p i d l y . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t h i n k s that the s t r u g g l e against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m i n g e n e r a l , a n d against K h r u s h c h e v i t e a n d T i t o i t e r e v i s i o n i s m in particular should be raised to a n e w higher l e v e l . T h e p h e n o m e n a o f d i s i n t e g r a t i o n a n d degener a t i o n t o b e f o u n d a m o n g the r e v i s i o n i s t s , the s u c cessive defeats t h e y are s u f f e r i n g , t h e n a t i o n a l r i v a l r i e s a n d the struggles f o r p o w e r t h a t are a p p e a r i n g e v e r y w h e r e , w i l l u n d o u b t e d l y b r i n g about i n c r e a s i n g resistance f r o m t h e peoples a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s i n the c o u n t r i e s w h e r e the r e v i s i o n i s t s r u l e . T h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e against the r e v i s i o n i s t cliques w i l l f i n d a c t i v e s u p p o r t i n the b r o a d w o r k i n g masses, i n the r a n k s o f w o r k i n g class a n d e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e p e a s a n t r y w h o are b e i n g c o n t i n u a l l y oppressed to a g r e a t e r or lesser degree by the revived k u l a k s and bourgeois elements backed up by revisionism. O u r P a r t y is confident that the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m w i l l g r o w a n d dev e l o p w i t h a n e w u n p r e c e d e n t e d force, e v e n r i g h t i n the t r a i t o r s ' l a i r s .

4. Intensify the Struggle against Khrushchevite and Titoite Modern Revisionism The further extension and intensification of the s t r u g g l e against r e v i s i o n i s m are closely c o n n e c ted w i t h u n h e s i t a t i n g rejection of any illusions

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a b o u t the changes t h a t t h e n e w S o v i e t leaders h a v e a l l e g e d l y m a d e a b o u t t h e about t u r n a n d corrections t h e y a r e a l l e g e d l y m a k i n g i n r e g a r d t o K h r u s h c h e v ' s m i s t a k e s . S u c h i l l u s i o n s are v e r y h a r m f u l . T h e present S o v i e t leaders are t h e closest c o l l a b o r a t o r s o f K h r u s h c h e v ! I t w a s t h e y together w i t h Khrushchev, w h o prepared and carried out the counter-revolution in the Soviet U n i o n , w h o w o r k e d out t h e r e v i s i o n i s t l i n e a n d p u t i t i n t o practice, w h o launched the frenzied attack on M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m i n i d e o l o g y , politics, economics, o r g a n i z a t i o n , art a n d c u l t u r e , etc. I t w a s t h e y w h o a t t a c k e d a n d are f i g h t i n g against the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties, w h o l i n k e d t h e m s e l v e s w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , the b o u r g e o i s i e a n d w o r l d r e a c t i o n , w h o are d o i n g e v e r y t h i n g i n t h e i r p o w e r t o set u p a n i m p e r i a l i s t - r e v i s i o n i s t H o l y A l l i a n c e against C o m m u n i s m a n d t h e peoples o f the w o r l d . M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a r e n o t t o b e d e c e i v e d b y the o u t w a r d appearances, o r the d e m a g o g y t h a t t h e n e w S o v i e t leaders use s o f r e e l y . B e h i n d i t t h e y s h o u l d l o o k f o r t h e content, the essence of things, a n d d i s t i n g u i s h w o r d s f r o m deeds. I f w e l o o k a t things in this way, then it is clear that the present S o v i e t leaders h a v e not c h a n g e d a n d d o n o t i n t e n d t o change. T h e y a r e d e t e r m i n e d t o f o l l o w t h e i r r o a d o f b e t r a y a l . A n d this i s o n l y r e a s o n a b l e . T h e y c a n n o t t u r n b a c k o n t o a correct r o a d w i t h o u t sentencing themselves to death. So there can be no h o p e t h a t t h e r e v i s i o n i s t t r a i t o r s w i l l change t h e i r course. C h a n g e w i l l c e r t a i n l y come a b o u t some day, but i t w i l l n o t b e t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o w i l l m a k e i t ,

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but t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , w h o w i l l p u t a n e n d t o the r e v i s i o n i s t s r u l e a n d w i l l b r i n g t h e m b e f o r e the c o u r t of r e v o l u t i o n . I n w h a t d o those w h o h a v e i l l u s i o n s o n t h i s q u e s t i o n see the change a n d about t u r n of the n e w S o v i e t l e a d e r s ? N o t i n a n y t h i n g concrete, b u t o n l y i n the K h r u s h c h e v i t e d e m a g o g y , i n w h i c h , w i l l y - n i l l y they have been trapped. A n d it must be a d m i t t e d t h a t as f a r as d e m a g o g y is c o n c e r n e d the n e w S o v i e t leaders, B r e z h n i e v , K o s y g i n , a n d t h e i r i l k , are m u c h m o r e c u n n i n g a n d b e t t e r m a s ters t h a n t h e i r teacher. T h e y s w e a r b y L e n i n i s m , and even allow Stalin to be spoken about more objectively, b u t a t t h e same t i m e t h e y s w e a r b y the 20th a n d 22nd C o n g r e s s e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . C a n it be s a i d t h a t t h i s constitutes a t u r n ? C e r t a i n l y n o t ! It w o u l d be p o s s i b l e to speak a b o u t of a t u r n o n l y i f t h e y o p e n l y rejected r e v i s i o n i s m a n d b e t r a y a l , p u b l i c l y d e n o u n c e d the decisions o f the 20th, 21st, 22nd Congresses, as a n t i - M a r x i s t a n d p r o c l a i m e d t h a t the p r o g r a m o f t h e C . P . S . U . w h i c h w a s w o r k e d o u t d u r i n g t h e 22nd C o n g r e s s , a n d a l l its theses o n t h e p a r t y a n d state o f t h e w h o l e people etc. a r e r e v i s i o n i s t . I t w o u l d b e p o s sible to speak of a t u r n , o n l y if t h e y w e r e to fully and unequivocally rehabilitate Stalin. Our Party has stressed and stresses it a g a i n t h a t the q u e s t i o n o f S t a l i n i s a f u n d a m e n t a l q u e s t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y because t h e r e v i s i o nists c o n c r e t i z e d t h e i r a t t a c k o n M a r x i s m - L e n i nism and the proletarian dictatorship w i t h their attack o n J . V . S t a l i n . O u r P a r t y i s o f the o p i n i o n

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that the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d a l l t h e r e v o l u t i o n a ries s h o u l d d e f e n d S t a l i n f r o m a l l t h e s l a n d e r s a n d attacks o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d w i t h t h e i r s t r u g g l e s h o u l d succeed i n p u t t i n g t h e n a m e a n d deeds o f Stalin in the place of honor t h e y deserve. F o r Stalin was a n d remains a great revolutionary and a great M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t . He pursued a correct r e v o l u t i o n a r y g e n e r a l line, b o t h i n i n t e r n a l a n d foreign policy. He consistently upheld the line of class s t r u g g l e a n d o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t d i c t a t o r s h i p , the line of b u i l d i n g socialism and c o m m u n i s m and the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t b u r e a u c r a c y a n d the degener a t e d b o u r g e o i s e l e m e n t s . H e l e d the S o v i e t people f r o m one victory to another in stern struggle w i t h a l l the enemies o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d s o c i a l i s m . J. V. Stalin made an invaluable contribution to t h e f o r m a t i o n a n d c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f the socialist camp and to the g r o w t h and strengthening of the international communist movement. Throughout h i s l i f e as a r e v o l u t i o n a r y m i l i t a n t , S t a l i n w a g e d a resolute s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m , i n defence o f peace a n d the people's security, h e f a i t h f u l l y p u r s u e d a p o l i c y of p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m of a i d a n d s u p p o r t f o r the oppressed peoples a n d t h e revolutionary national-liberation movement. S t a l i n was a modest person. As a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t , he a l w a y s m a d e a c o r r e c t assessment of the role of the masses and place of the individual . H e opposed t h e cult o f the i n d i v i d u a l a n d m o r e t h a n once c r i t i c i z e d it as a l i e n to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . H o w e v e r , the S o v i e t p r o p a g a n d a , e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g the last y e a r s of S t a l i n ' s life, b o o s t e d h i s cult to

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great p r o p o r t i o n s , a n d this w a s u s e d l a t e r b y t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e w h o , o u t o f fear, h a d t h e m selves p l a y e d a n a c t i v e p a r t i n the e x a l t a t i o n o f Stalin, for their a n t i - M a r x i s t and anti-socialist aims. T h e only grounds o n w h i c h S t a l i n m i g h t b e c r i t i c i z e d are n o t t h a t h e d e v e l o p e d a n d p r a c t i s e d h i s o w n cult, b u t t h a t h e d i d n o t t a k e the p r o p e r measures to restrain this unnecessary propaganda, especially t a k i n g into consideration that the great personality w h i c h Stalin had w o n by his struggle a n d deeds, a n d the u n l i m i t e d c o n f i d e n c e a n d l o v e t h a t the P a r t y a n d people h a d f o r h i m , w e r e s u f f i c i e n t to d e a l a t e l l i n g b l o w to t h e b u r e a u c r a t i c elements w h o were jeopardizing the dictatorship o f the p r o l e t a r i a t . O u r P a r t y o f L a b o r has r e s o l u t e l y a d h e r e d a n d adheres t o the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p r i n c i p l e s o n t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e masses, the class, t h e p a r t y a n d the leaders, b o t h f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t the cult o f the i n d i v i d u a l , a n d o p p o s i n g t h e n e g a t i o n o f the r o l e a n d a u t h o r i t y o f leaders w h o e n j o y the s y m p a t h y a n d respect o f the masses, w h o f a i t h f u l l y d e f e n d t h e i r interests, a n d s u c c e s s f u l l y l e a d t h e m i n the r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e . I n t h i s matter we always bear in m i n d M a r x ' s words w h e n speaking of himself and of Engels, he s a i d : Neit h e r o f u s g i v e a brass f a r t h i n g f o r o u r p o p u l a r i z a t i o n . . . F r o m the b e g i n n i n g t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f E n g e l s a n d m e i n the c l a n d e s t i n e c o m m u n i s t association, w a s o n the c o n d i t i o n t h a t a n y t h i n g i n its constitution w h i c h contributed to mystical k o w t o w i n g t o a u t h o r i t y w a s t o b e rejected (K. M a r x a n d F . E n g e l s , W o r k s , vol. X X V I p p . 487-488, R u s s i a n editions 1935).

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T h e h i s t o r i c m e r i t s o f S t a l i n are u n d e n i a b l e . These merits constitute his f u n d a m e n t a l character i s t i c as a great l e a d e r a n d a g r e a t r e v o l u t i o n a r y . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s l a n d e r s against S t a l i n c a n n o t t a r nish his outstanding figure and his monumental w o r k w h i c h w i l l shine for ever a n d w i l l a l w a y s serve as a great e x a m p l e of i n s p i r a t i o n a n d a f i g h t i n g b a n n e r f o r a l l t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s o f the world. T h e n e w S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders speak o f the unity o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d the f a m i l y o f socialist countries, b u t a t t h e s a m e t i m e t h e y declare t h a t i n m a t t e r s o f p r i n c i p l e c o n c e r n i n g f o r e i g n p o l i c y a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t movement they h a d n o differences w i t h N . K h r u s h chev. C a n i t b e s a i d t h a t these w o r d s c o n s t i t u t e t h e s o c a l l e d turn? C e r t a i n l y , not. I t w o u l d b e possible t o speak a b o u t a t u r n o n l y i f t h e y w e r e to p u b l i c l y refute a l l the slanders and the attacks, also m a d e p u b l i c l y , against t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a n d t h e other M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , o n l y i f t h e y w e r e t o a d m i t o p e n l y the e r r o r s , crimes, a n d plots, p r e s s u res a n d b l a c k m a i l , t h a t h a v e b e e n c o m m i t t e d b y the Soviet chauvinists against the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties, a g a i n s t t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s , a n d i n t h e f i r s t place t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a a n d the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a . B u t w h a t i s t h e reality? Actually, f r o m the day Brezhniev, K o s y gin and Co took power, they have continuously increased their a c t i v i t y against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d the p a r t i e s w h i c h d e f e n d it, t h e i r p r o v o c a t i o n s

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a n d s u b v e r s i v e a c t i v i t i e s h a v e b e e n e x t e n d e d , the unity both w i t h i n the communist movement and w i t h i n t h e s o c i a l i s t f a m i l y has b e e n e v e n m o r e systematically undermined. The unity in the comm u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d the socialist c a m p w i l l b e r e established, b u t i t w i l l b e e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s w i t h o u t the t r e a c h e r o u s r e v i s i o n i s t s and in resolute struggle against them. T h e Soviet revisionists raise a hue and cry for unity of action against the imperialists, e x p l a i n i n g that there are m o r e things that unite us than d i v i d e us, b u t a t t h e same t i m e t h e y l o u d l y p r o claim that they are w o r k i n g actively for all-round S o v i e t - A m e r i c a n c o o p e r a t i o n . C a n i t b e s a i d that these statements m e a n w e a r e f a c e d h e r e w i t h some t u r n ? C e r t a i n l y n o t . T h e n u m e r o u s facts s h o w that the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists are a n t i - i m p e rialists, o n l y i n w o r d s , while in deeds t h e y a r e pro-imperialists. They are more and more extending their economic, political and scientific relations w i t h t h e U . S . A . A l l t h e i r d i p l o m a t i c a c t i v i t y , especially their secret diplomacy, is a i m e d at s t r e n g t h e n i n g the a l l - r o u n d l i n k s a n d c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e v a r i o u s i m p e r i a l i s t s : the A m e r i c a n s , the Japanese, the W e s t - G e r m a n s , t h e B r i t i s h , etc., w i t h the I n d i a n reactionaries, w i t h the Indonesian fascist clique, w i t h a l l t h e enemies o f t h e peoples, of socialism a n d the r e v o l u t i o n . T h u s w h a t is there to unite the Marxist-Leninists w i t h the modern revisionist? Nothing. Everything divides them. Their ideology, politics and final a i m s are d i a metrically opposed.

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T h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f r o n t o f t h e peoples m u s t be a c h i e v e d on a s o u n d basis. It m u s t be a t r u e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f r o n t , i n w h i c h a l l those, w h o t o t h i s o r t h a t e x t e n t are e f f e c t i v e l y f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m , h e a d e d b y U.S. imperialism are to be united. W i t h their entire policy and activities the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e e x c l u d e d t h e m selves f r o m t h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f r o n t . T o i n c l u d e the r e v i s i o n i s t s i n t h i s f r o n t m e a n s t o i n t r o d u c e the f i f t h c o l u m n , the T r o j a n H o r s e , t o undermine it from within. O u r Party firmly uph o l d s the great L e n i n ' s i d e a t h a t i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o f i g h t s u c c e s s f u l l y against i m p e r i a l i s m w i t h o u t , a t the s a m e time, r e s o l u t e l y f i g h t i n g against its o f f s p r i n g a n d close a l l y , r e v i s i o n i s m . If t h e s t r u g gle against i m p e r i a l i s m , i s n o t closely c o n n e c t e d w i t h the f i g h t against o p p o r t u n i s m e m p h a s i s e s L e n i n , the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m becomes an empty phrase a n d a fraud (Lenin, Works, v o l . 2 2 , p . 367, A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n ) . F o r o u r P a r t y of Labor, the idea that unity of action w i t h the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s against U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m is a touchstone a n d a p o s i t i v e a n d e f f e c t i v e f o r m o f s t r u g g l e against r e v i s i o n i s m , i s a b s o l u t e l y u n a c ceptable. I n fact, t o cooperate w i t h the r e v i s i o n i s t s , t o enter into u n i t y of action w i t h them, is to slip g r a d u a l l y i n t o t h e r e v i s i o n i s t positions, t o accept t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s l i n e . T h i s w o u l d m e a n t o accept t h a t U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m i s n o t t h e n u m b e r o n e e n e m y o f the peoples a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l g e n d a r m e , b u t t o consider that the K h r u s h c h e v i t e p o l i c y o f peace-

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f u l c o - e x i s t e n c e w i t h i m p e r i a l i s m , the S o v i e t A m e r i c a n c o o p e r a t i o n , the M o s c o w T r e a t y , a n d a l l the o t h e r o p e n a n d secret a g r e e m e n t s o f the S o viet l e a d e r s w i t h the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d the r e a c tionaries of other countries are correct. This w o u l d m e a n g i v i n g u p the s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d a d a p t i n g oneself t o the i n t e r e s t s o f S o v i e t - A m e r i c a n c o o p e r a t i o n , t h u s s a c r i f i c i n g the l i b e r t y a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e peoples. T h i s i s j u s t w h a t t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s are t r y i n g t o a t t a i n b y t h e i r e f f o r t s f o r u n i t y o f action. W i t h t h e i r s l o g a n f o r u n i t y o f action the r e v i s i o n i s t s are t r y i n g t o a t t a i n t h e i r s i n i s t e r a i m s o f p u t t i n g a s i d e t h e deep i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l d i f f e r e n c e s of p r i n c i p l e , f o r the s a k e of the a l l e g e d struggle against i m p e r i a l i s m headed by the U.S.A. This w o u l d be nothing but complete capitulation t o r e v i s i o n i s m , g i v i n g u p the s t r u g g l e against it, a n acceptance o f i d e o l o g i c a l co-existence w i t h it. There is another reason w h y united action w i t h the r e v i s i o n i s t s is a d e c e i t f u l a n d d e m a g o g i c m a n o e u v r e . U n i t y i n the s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m supposes c o o r d i n a t i o n o f t h e e c o n o m i c p o t e n t i a l a n d m i l i t a r y forces w h i c h w i l l c o n f r o n t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t p o l i c y o f w a r a n d aggression. B u t w h a t d o the facts s h o w ? T h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e d i r e c t e d a l l t h e i r s p e a r h e a d a g a i n s t t h e P.R. o f C h i n a , the P.R. o f A l b a n i a , a n d o t h e r socialist countries, against the cause o f the r e v o l u t i o n a n d the peoples. T h e y h a v e p u t t h e i r e c o n o m i c a n d m i l i t a r y p o t e n t i a l a t the service o f t h e i r g e n e r a l l i n e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f the S o v i e t - A m e r i c a n d o mination of the w o r l d .

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Those w h o support the illusions of the alleged turn o f t h e n e w S o v i e t l e a d e r s a r e v e r y e n t h u siastic a b o u t t h e i r readiness t o g i v e u p t h e o p e n polemics. C a n t h i s c o m p r i s e a n o t h e r s e r i o u s p r o o f to convince us of the alleged turn of the revisionists? C e r t a i n l y not. I n t h e f i r s t place, i t i s n o t true that the revisionists have given up open polemics. Isn't the fact t h a t t h e y f o l l o w a l i n e c o m p l e tely i n o p p o s i t i o n t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e interests of s o c i a l i s m , a c o n t i n u a t i o n of t h e p o l e m i c s in deeds? Is it n o t open p o l e m i c s to use t h e so-called a i d f o r V i e t n a m t o s p r e a d the s l a n d e r that P.R. o f C h i n a i s h o l d i n g u p t r a n s p o r t ? I s t h e i r subversive activity to split the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d h e l p the deserters n o t open p o l e m i c s ? A n d f i n a l l y , the f a b r i c a t i o n s a n d attacks i n t h e i r d a i l y press, the p r o p a g a n d a , t h e letters, a n d lectures, d e l i v e r e d n o t o n l y i n t h e P a r t y o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , b u t a l s o sent t o o t h e r p a r t i e s t o b e s t u d i e d , a r e t h e y n o t a c o n t i n u a t i o n of o p e n p o l e m i c s ? B u t besides this i t s h o u l d n o t b e f o r g o t t e n that the K h r u s h c h e v i t e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s w e r e the f i r s t t o s t a r t t h e open p o l e m i c s . A n d a t t h a t time all of t h e m parrotted that this was Leninist. O n l y w h e n they saw that open polemics w e r e y i e l d i n g n e g a t i v e results f o r t h e m , because t h e i r t r e a cherous faces, w e r e b e i n g u n m a s k e d , o n l y t h e n did they call them harmful. O u r P a r t y is of the opinion that open polem i c s a r e necessary. T h e y a r e a s c h o o l f o r a l l t h e communists helping them to distinguish between t r u t h and falsehood. The revisionists w o u l d be very

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s a t i s f i e d e v e n i f w e spoke a b o u t t h e m i n g e n e r a l terms, o n the c o n d i t i o n t h a t t h e y w e r e n o t o p e n l y attacked and things were not called by their p r o p e r n a m e s . B u t r e v i s i o n i s m a n d b e t r a y a l are n o t imaginary, they are l i v i n g reality w h i c h is underm i n i n g s o c i a l i s m a n d the people's s t r u g g l e . T h u s i t i s t h i s r e a l i t y a n d n o t some p h a n t a s y t h a t m u s t b e opposed, i f the M a r x i s t s w a n t t o a v o i d f a l l i n g i n t o the p o s i t i o n o f D o n Q u i x o t e . O u r P a r t y t h i n k s , that n o t f o r one m o m e n t s h o u l d w e a l l o w t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s m a k e use of a state of peace to c o n s o l i d a t e t h e i r p o s i t i o n s a n d to c a r r y on their treacherous activity unhindered. The slightest w e a k e n i n g o f the s t r u g g l e against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , w h a t e v e r the p r e t e x t , m e a n s t o d e viate f r o m principle. A n d principles cannot and should not be sacrificed, for m o m e n t a r y interests a n d benefits, of economic, or a n y other c h a r a c t e r w h a t so ever. O u r P a r t y t h i n k s t h a t the s i t u a t i o n i s s u c h that a n y p a r t y o r p e r s o n w h o calls h i m s e l f a c o m m u n i s t a n d a r e v o l u t i o n a r y s h o u l d n o t be a m e r e o n - l o o k e r , w a i t i n g u n t i l the r e v i s i o n i s t s a t t a c k a n d satisfied j u s t t o h a i l t h e s t r u g g l e t h a t the others are w a g i n g a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m . T i m e does not wait. T h e Marxist-Leninists should be o n the o f f e n s i v e a n d n o t o n the d e f e n s i v e : o n attack and not i n retreat. T h e y w e r e n o t a n d are not a f r a i d o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s , o f t h e i r t h r e a t s a n d pressure. F e a r i s a l i e n t o M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s . T h e y d o not recognize i t e i t h e r i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m o r i n the s t r u g g l e against r e v i s i o n i s m .

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I t i s the r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o are a f r a i d o f i m p e r i a l i s m and of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . To be afraid of revision i s m is to be even more afraid of imperialism, and t o h a v e n o c o n f i d e n c e i n the s t r e n g t h a n d t r i u m p h of Marxism-Leninism. We t h i n k t h a t it is h i g h t i m e to d r a w a clear line of demarcation w i t h modern revisionism, w i t h a l l its g r o u p s a n d especially w i t h the S o v i e t l e a d i n g g r o u p , a n d t o f i g h t w i t h the greatest s e v e r i t y t o isolate t h e m c o m p l e t e l y f r o m the people a n d f r o m the revolutionary Soviet communists. We have nev e r c o n f u s e d the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p w i t h t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the S o v i e t people, w i t h w h o m w e h a v e been a n d a l w a y s w i l l b e g o o d f r i e n d s i n g o o d days or b a d . B u t it is a fact t h a t r e v i s i o n i s m i s i n p o w e r i n the S o v i e t U n i o n n o w a n d a stern and principled fight must be waged a g a i n s t this r e v i s i o n i s m . T h i s i s i n the d i r e c t i n t e rest o f the S o v i e t C o m m u n i s t s a n d p e o p l e ; this is a great assistance t h a t we g i v e t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e t o p u t a n e n d t o the r e v i s i o n i s t b e t r a y a l w h i c h has u n d e r m i n e d the v e r y f o u n d a t i o n s o f the v i c t o r i e s o f the O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n a n d the construction of socialism and c o m m u n i s m in the Soviet U n i o n . I n the s t r u g g l e against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , a s i n a l l o t h e r p r o b l e m s , the o n l y c o r r e c t s t a n d i s t h e principled stand. There is no r o o m for b a r g a i n i n g i n m a t t e r s o f p r i n c i p l e , i n d e f e n d i n g p r i n c i p l e s one must n o t stop half-way; must never adopt a w a v e r i n g , opportunist stand. The struggle between

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M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and revisionism is an express i o n of the class s t r u g g l e b e t w e e n the p r o l e t a r i a t a n d the bourgeoisie, b e t w e e n s o c i a l i s m a n d c a p i talism. There is no m i d d l e road in this struggle. T h e g o l d e n m i d d l e w a y , a s the h i s t o r i c a l e x p e rience of t h o u s a n d s of y e a r s has s h o w n , is t h e l i n e of the r e c o n c i l i a t i o n of opposites, w h i c h can never be reconciled. It is an unstable and tempor a r y p o s i t i o n . N o r c a n the m i d d l e course serve t o diguise deviations f r o m M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t principles, f o r i f the s t r u g g l e against r e v i s i o n i s m i s n o t i n s p i r e d b y i d e o l o g i c a l m o t i v e s , b u t o n l y b y some e c o nomic and political contradictions and by national chauvinistic motives, it is but a b l u f f that w i l l soon b e c a l l e d . W h o e v e r h o l d s t o this l i n e i n the s t a n d against the renegades f r o m M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m w i l l sooner o r l a t e r b e i n d a n g e r o f s l i p p i n g i n t o t h e p o s i t i o n of those renegades h i m s e l f . J . V . S t a l i n has s t r o n g l y stressed: T h e r e i s n o t a n d c a n n o t b e a n y m i d d l e course i n m a t t e r s o r p r i n c i p l e . O n e o r the o t h e r set o f p r i n c i p l e s m u s t b e the f o u n d a t i o n o f the P a r t y a c t i v i t y . T h e m i d dle course in m a t t e r s of p r i n c i p l e is the l i n e t h a t b e n u m b s the b r a i n , the line t h a t covers u p t h e differences, the line w h i c h leads t o the i d e o l o g i c a l d e g e n e r a t i o n o f the P a r t y , the line w h i c h leads t o the i d e o l o g i c a l d e a t h o f t h e P a r t y (J, V. S t a l i n , W o r k s , v o l . 9, p. 4, A l b a n i a n editions). In our Party's opionin, the u r g e n t c u r r e n t p r o b l e m o f the d a y i s n o t r e c o n c i l i a t i o n a n d u n i t y w i t h the revisionists, but separation, a clean break

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f r o m t h e m . L e n i n s a i d : U n i t y i s a great cause a n d a g r e a t s l o g a n . B u t the w o r k e r s ' cause needs t h e u n i t y o f M a r x i s t s not the u n i t y o f M a r x i s t s w i t h the opponents a n d distorters of M a r x i s m . U n i t y w i t h the o p p o r t u n i s t s a n d the r e v i s i o n i s t s , L e n i n said, i s u n i t y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t w i t h the n a t i o n a l bourgeoisie a n d s p l i t t i n g o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a t , the u n i t y o f l a c k e y s a n d d i v i s i o n o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s (V. I. L e n i n , W o r k s , v o l . 20, p. 256 a n d v o l . 21, p. 387, A l b . edition). In the face of the u n i t e d i m p e r i a l i s t - r e v i s i o n i s t f r o n t , t h e i r attacks, plots a n d threats, t h e i r sabre r a t t l i n g , the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s m u s t s t r e n g then their u n i t y on a national and international scale, a n d t h e i r resolute s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a lism and revisionism. T h e t i m e w e are p a s s i n g t h r o u g h is no t i m e for, endless, sterile, a c a d e m i c discussions, b u t for daring militant revolution a r y actions o f self d e n i a l a n d sacrifice. M o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m a n d t h e b o u r g e o i s i e w i t h their parties are l o u d l y p r o p a g a t i n g p a c i f i s m a n d b o u r geois h u m a n i s m , t o create a m o n g the people, e v e n a m o n g some c o w a r d l y a n d w a v e r i n g c o m m u n ists, t h e i m p r e s s i o n that allegedly our militant a n d revolutionary spirit is sectarianism adventurism, dogmatism, f a n a t i c i s m , etc. W e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , are n e i t h e r sectarians a n d a d v e n t u r e r s , n o r dogmatists a n d f a n a t i c s . W e f i g h t a g a i n s t these m a n i f e s t a t i o n s a s a l i e n a n d u n n a c ceptable t o c o m m u n i s t s , b u t a t t h e s a m e t i m e , w e d o n o t f a l l i n t o the p o s i t i o n o f o u r enemies, w h o ,

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w i t h these false accusations a n d f o r d e f i n i t e p u r poses a r e t r y i n g t o cause u s t o d i s i n t e g r a t e i d e o logically, politically and organizationally, thus w e a k e n i n g a n d e x t i n g u i s h i n g o u r s t r u g g l e against them. T h e r a n k s o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d forces m u s t b e c l o s e l y u n i t e d a n d w e l l o r g a n i z e d , trained and tempered for countinous fighting. We must be perfectly trained politically, ideologically, economically a n d m i l i t a r i l y for struggle, f o r r e v o l u t i o n a r y actions, mastering, o u r t r i u m p h a n t d o c t r i n e profoundly and in a creative manner. The w o r l d comm u n i s m o f o u r d a y s m u s t b e c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y the m i l i t a n t revolutionary spirit of the heroic days of L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , o f t h e C o m i n t e r n . I t w a s not w i t h o u t definite hostile purposes, that K h r u s h c h e v and his followers undertook the struggle to discred i t t h e C o m i n t e r n a n d its i m m o r t a l w o r k . N a t u rally, times have changed, a n d the question here is not that we must adopt or copy the forms and methods of work, of organization, and leadership suitable for the time of the C o m i n t e r n , w i t h their merits and shortcomings. B u t the establishment o f l i n k s f o r c o o p e r a t i o n a n d c o o r d i n a t i o n o f actions in c o n f o r m i t y w i t h the n e w actual conditions, i n o u r P a r t y ' s o p i n i o n , i s a n u r g e n t a n d essential question. N a t u r a l l y , a l l the p a r t i e s a r e e q u a l a n d i n d e pendent. E a c h p a r t y , a s has b e e n stressed i n t h e M o s c o w statement, w o r k s o u t f o r i t s e l f its g e n e r a l l i n e based u p o n t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p r i n c i p l e s and in c o n f o r m i t y w i t h the special features a n d

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concrete c o n d i t i o n s o f its c o u n t r y a n d t i m e . E v e n the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e these correct M a r x i s t p r i n c i p l e s o n the t i p o f t h e i r tongues, b u t w h i l e they are for independence in words, in reality they want all the other parties to be dependent on them and under their direction; while they are f o r p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , in words, in reality they strive to prevent the M a r xists f r o m uniting, from upholding a comm o n l i n e f o r m u l a t e d o n the b a s i s o f a p r o f o u n d , p r i n c i p l e d , o b j e c t i v e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t class a n a l y sis. T h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s t r y b y e v e r y m e a n s t o split us, f o r o u r M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t u n i t y m e a n s t h e e n d f o r t h e m a n d f o r t h e i r m a s t e r s - U.S. i m p e r i a lists. T h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s m u s t c r u s h the r e v i s i o nist attempts, o v e r c o m e a l l the obstacles a n d s t r e n g then their revolutionary unity on the basis o f Marxism-Leninism and proletarian international i s m . T h e y m u s t consolidate t h e i r c o l l a b o r a t i o n a n d coordination, must w o r k out a common line and a c o m m o n s t a n d on the basic questions, e s p e c i a l l y i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the n e w a l l i a n c e s concretized i n the r e a l c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e a c t u a l s i t u a t i o n , b u t a l w a y s based o n M a r x i s t - L e ninist principles. I t i s a n u n d e n i a b l e h i s t o r i c fact a n d great g o o d f o r t u n e f o r the peoples a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s m , t h a t i n the f o r e f r o n t o f p r e s e n t d a y s t r u g g l e against the U S - l e d i m p e r i a l i s m , against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m w i t h t h e S o v i e t leaders a t t h e h e a d , stands, s t r o n g a n d steadfast, t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y

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o f C h i n a a n d the g r e a t P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a , h e a d e d b y the o u t s t a n d i n g M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t , c o m rade M a o Tsetung. T h e role and contribution of the C.P.C. and the PR of C h i n a in the struggle for t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y cause o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a t a n d peoples o f a l l t h e w o r l d i s colossal. T o day, C h i n a is an invincible stronghold of socialism, t h e p o w e r f u l base o f r e v o l u t i o n , the s t a n d a r d b e a r e r o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , t h e steel p i l l a r a n d r e l i a b l e s h i e l d o f o u r r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m o n cause. T h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s are t r y i n g t o defeat, t h e C . P . o f C h i n a a n d t h e P R o f C h i n a , because i t i s t h e i r greatest and most p o w e r f u l e n e m y , the u n s u r m o u n t a b l e obstacle t o the r e a l i zation of their hegemonic aims of w o r l d dominat i o n . T h e y are t r y i n g t o d i v i d e the peoples, t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s f r o m the C . P . o f C h i n a , t o isolate i t the m o r e e a s i l y a n d more quickly to liquidate us. World imper i a l i s m a n d the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s t o gether, are a t t a c k i n g P e o p l e ' s C h i n a , s l a n d e r r i n g China's great P r o l e t a r i a n C u l t u r a l R e v o l u t i o n . T h e e n e m i e s are h o p i n g i n v a i n t o d i s c r e d i t g r e a t P e o p l e ' s C h i n a . U n d e r the l e a d e r s h i p of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of C h i n a and M a o Tset u n g ' t h o u g h t she i s m a r c h i n g t r i u m p h a n t l y a h e a d . T h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a welcomes the C h i nese P r o l e t a r i a n C u l t u r a l R e v o l u t i o n , w h i c h has a s its a i m t h e m e r c i l e s s f i g h t a g a i n s t b o u r g e o i s a n d revisionist ideology manifested in the consciousness o f m e n i n t h e f i e l d o f c u l t u r e , a n d i n e v e r y o t h e r sphere o f t h e c o u n t r y ' s life, against

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the class enemies a n d a l l r e v i s i o n i s t s , o p e n o r c a mouflaged, w h o are t r y i n g to t u r n People's C h i n a back t o the c a p i t a l i s t r o a d , a s w e l l a s against U S imperialism, Khrushchevite revisionism and all reactionaries. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a t h i n k s that a l l the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d forces, a s e q u a l s a n d i n d e p e n d e n t , s h o u l d u n i t e t h e m s e l v e s closely w i t h the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a n d the P R o f C h i n a t o f o r m a steel b l o c k against w h i c h a l l o u r enemies w i l l b r e a k t h e i r heads. W e are n o t c o n c e r n e d at a l l about the s l a n d e r s of the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d their imperialist masters that by uniting with C h i n a w e h a v e b e c a m e h e r satellites a n d lost our independence. S l a n d e r s o f this k i n d n e v e r h a v e a n d n e v e r s h o u l d p r e v e n t the M a r x i s t - L e n i nists f r o m s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e i r u n i t y w i t h P e o p l e ' s C h i n a a n d its M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t y . The international situation and the situation i n the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i s d e v e l o p i n g i n o u r f a v o r a n d t o the d e t r i m e n t o f o u r enemies. B u t w e m u s t l o o k t h i n g s s t r a i g h t i n the eye a n d face u p t o t h e m w i t h courage, because, despite the f a i l u r e s t h e y h a v e s u f f e r e d , the i m p e r i a l i s t a n d r e v i s i o n i s t enemies h a v e n o t l a i d d o w n t h e i r a r m s . O n t h e contrary, they are intensifying their cooperation and activity. T h e situation is such that sluggishnesh, h e s i t a t i o n a n d w a v e r i n g c a n n o t b e t o l e r a t e d , w h i l e courage, d e t e r m i n a t i o n , a n d m a t u r i t y are r e q u i r e d . Soft, flabby, opportunist tactics a n d phraseology cannot be tolerated, but quick m i l i t a n t actions, f i g h t i n g tactics, are necessary, tactics

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w h i c h w i l l assist o u r r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r a t e g y d a i l y , h o u r l y , a n d w h i c h a t the s a m e t i m e are w i s e a n d w e l l thought out in accordance w i t h the situation a n d the c i r c u m s t a n c e s in w h i c h each party is struggling. A n d there is no doubt that w i t h rev o l u t i o n a r y s t r a t e g y a n d tactics b a s e d o n o u r v i c t o r i o u s i d e o l o g y , the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d forces w i l l a l w a y s m a r c h f o r w a r d a n d score n e w victories in their sacred struggle, together w i t h t h e w o r k i n g class a n d the oppressed n a t i o n s a n d peoples, against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m , f o r the t r i u m p h of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , socialism, rev o l u t i o n , a n d peace i n the w o r l d . As far as the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a is concerned, as an active partner among the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces o f the w o r l d , i t i s f u l l y conscious o f the g r e a t h i s t o r i c task t h a t t o d a y c o n f r o n t t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t f o r the defence o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e a d v a n c e o f t h e cause o f revolution and socialism. In f u l l u n i t y a n d shoulder to shoulder w i t h the great Chinese Communist P a r t y of M a o Tse-tung, w i t h all the other parties a n d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces o f t h e w o r l d , t h e A l b a n i a n P a r t y o f L a b o r w i l l f i g h t w i t h a l l its m i g h t , a s i t has b e e n d o i n g h i t h e r t o , against U.S.-led imperialism and modern revisionism headed by t h e S o v i e t leaders, a n d w i l l s p a r e n o e f f o r t t o support the just revolutionary struggle of the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d forces. I t w i l l w o r k untiringly for the consolidation and strengthening o f the a n t i - r e v i s i o n i s t u n i t y o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t

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movement and the anti-imperialist unity of the peoples o f t h e w o r l d , c o n f i d e n t t h a t t h e v i c t o r y belongs t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , t o s o c i a l i s m , t o t h e peoples. T h i s i s t h e t a s k t h a t t h i s congress p u t s before the w h o l e P a r t y f o r t h e c o m i n g y e a r s .

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AN OPEN LETTER TO THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION
P u b l i s h e d in the Z r i i P o p u l l i t d a i l y , o r g a n of the C C o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , o n O c t o b e r 5 , 1964

Dear Comrades, A g r a v e s i t u a t i o n has b e e n c r e a t e d i n t h e i n ternational communist and workers' movement, t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , the socialist c a m p , t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s . T h e cause f o r w h i c h the c o m m u nists a n d p r o l e t a r i a n s o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d h a v e fought heroically, r i s k i n g their v e r y lives, the c a u se of s o c i a l i s m a n d of c o m m u n i s m , is f a c i n g a great danger, is passing t h r o u g h one of the most d i f f i c u l t p e r i o d s o f its h i s t o r y . O p e n r e v i s i o n i s m , complete division, betrayal and denegeration are threatening t h e m today more than at any other time. T h e originators and principal culprits for this grave situation are the K h r u s h c h e v group. A f t e r h a v i n g u s u r p e d t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f the g l o r i o u s p a r t y set u p b y t h e g r e a t L e n i n , a n d o f t h e f i r s t a n d m o s t p o w e r f u l socialist state i n the w o r l d , t h e S o viet U n i o n , b y p u t c h i s t a n d c o n s p i r a t o r i a l m e t h o d s , this g r o u p h a v e n o w e m b a r k e d o n t h e greatestb e t r a y a l o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d the cause o f socialism, have n o w become the p r i n c i p a l bearers a n d d i s s e m i n a t o r s o f the o p p o r t u n i s t a n d r e v i s i o nist trend that is eroding the international c o m m u -

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nist a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t today, a n d w h i c h has u n d e r m i n e d the v e r y f o u n d a t i o n s o f its u n i t y . The P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a and other M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties h a v e t i m e a n d a g a i n u r g e d the l e a d e r s h i p o f y o u r p a r t y , w i t h N . K h r u s h c h e v a t the head, t o g i v e u p t h e l i n e o f r e v i s i o n i s m a n d disruption, to courageously reexamine their position, a n d r e t u r n t o the r o a d o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and proletarian internationalism, to condemn their o w n c h a u v i n i s t i c a t t i t u d e s a n d hostile a c t i v i t i e s towards sister p a r t i e s a n d fraternal socialist countries, a n d t o r e e s t a b l i s h r e l a t i o n s o f f r i e n d ship and proletarian solidarity w i t h them. E v e n since the 22nd C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u nist P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , w h e n N . K h r u s h chev l a u n c h e d h i s v i l e s t p u b l i c a t t a c k s a n d m o s t m o n s t r o u s s l a n d e r s against t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d its l e a d e r s h i p , o u r p a r t y has c a l l e d o n the leaders o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o viet U n i o n t o r e e x a m i n e t h e i r l i n e a n d t o r e t u r n t o the r i g h t r o a d . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l bania, said C o m r a d e E n v e r H o x h a , i n h i s a d dress to the s o l e m n m e e t i n g on N o v e m b e r 7, 1961, c o m m e m o r a t i n g the 20th a n n i v e r s a r y o f the f o u n d i n g o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d the 44th a n n i v e r s a r y o f the G r e a t O c t o b e r S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u t i o n , c a l m l y , a n d w i t h a clear conscience, a p p e a l s t o the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , a p peals t o its C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e n e w l y elected b y the 22nd Congress, t o j u d g e the s i t u a t i o n c r e a t e d i n the relations between our two parties a n d our two c o u n t r i e s w i t h L e n i n i s t justice, o b j e c t i v e l y , w i t h o u t

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heat a n d a n g e r o r i n a b i a s e d w a y . O u r P a r t y has a l w a y s been r e a d y t o settle the e x i s t i n g d i f f e r e n ces, f o r the sake of the u n i t y of t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d the socialist camp, a n d i n the i n terests o f o u r t w o c o u n t r i e s . B u t i t has a l w a y s been a n d r e m a i n s o f the o p i n i o n t h a t these m a t t e r s m u s t b e settled c o r r e c t l y a n d o n l y i n a M a r x i s t - L e ninist way, under conditions of equality a n d not o f p r e s s u r e a n d dictate. W e h a v e h o p e a n d f a i t h i n t h e j u s t i c e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t Union. A s l a t e a s A p r i l 1963 i n a n a r t i c l e p u b l i s h e d i n the o r g a n s o f its C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e , Zri i P o p u l l i t o u r P a r t y e m p h a s i s e d : If N . K h r u s h c h e v is in favor of the settlement of differences a n d consolidation of unity, he should show this by deeds, s h o u l d t a k e r e a l a n d n o t f i c t i t i o u s steps, t o r e m o v e a l l t h e obstacles h e has c r e a t e d i n t h e r e lations between o u r t w o parties and our t w o c o u n tries. J u s t a s h e d a r e d t o a t t a c k o u r P a r t y a n d o u r country in a slanderous way, to interfere in our i n ternal affairs, and to undertake hostile activities a g a i n s t us, h e s h o u l d t a k e the c o u r a g e t o p u b l i c l y d e n o u n c e these a n t i - M a r x i s t stands a n d acts a n d r e t u r n t o r i g o r o u s respect f o r the i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t ; n o r m s of r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n c o m m u n i s t a n d work e r s ' p a r t i e s a n d b e t w e e n socialist c o u n t r i e s . W e w o u l d w e l c o m e a n y sincere step i n this d i r e c t i o n . H o w e v e r the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p n o t o n l y f a i l e d to l i s t e n to t h e v o i c e of reason, a n d s c o r n e d t h e comradely advice of our party and the other f r a t e r n a l parties, b u t t h e y p e r s i s t e d w i t h e v e n m o r e

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v e h e m e n c e i n t h e i r course o f b e t r a y a l , i n c r e a s e d t h e i r assaults a n d h o s t i l e acts against o u r p a r t y , against the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a n d other f r a t e r n a l parties, against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a g a i n s t the u n i t y o f t h e socialist c a m p and the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . E v e n t s a n d facts h a v e p r o v e d i n d i s p u t a b l y t h a t N. Khrushchev is a conscious traitor and enemy, determined to pursue his c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y l i n e t o the e n d . T h e i r recent a r b i t r a r y d e c i s i o n t o c a l l a n i l l e g a l s p e c i a l m e e t i n g o f the p a r t i e s t h a t f o l l o w o n t h e i r footsteps i s a n o t h e r g r e a t p l o t t h a t t e s t i f i e d m o s t c l e a r l y that the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p a r e the greatest s p l i t t e r s that the h i s t o r y o f the i n t e r n a tional c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t has ever k n o w n . N. K h r u s h c h e v is trying to drag as m a n y parties a s h e c a n i n t o this n e w a n t i - c o m m u n i s t p l o t w h i c h i s i n t e n d e d t o s a n c t i o n the f u l l a n d o p e n s p l i t t i n g o f the socialist c a m p a n d the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . In c o n n e c t i o n w i t h this he has sent a l e t t e r to a l l parties, a n d t h r o u g h t h e m t o o u r p a r t y a s w e l l , i n f o r m i n g them that he has decided to c a l l a meeti n g o f the e d i t o r i a l c o m m i s s i o n o n D e c e m b e r 1 5 this year, a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s t o w a r d s the m i d d l e o f the c o m i n g y e a r . I n this l e t t e r o u r p a r t y i s i n v i t e d t o s e n d its d e l e g a t i o n t o M o s c o w t o t a k e p a r t i n the w o r k o f the e d i t o r i a l c o m m i s s i o n a n d t o a n n o u n c e t h e c o m p o s i t i o n of this d e l e g a t i o n as e a r l y as p o s sible. T a k i n g into account t h a t the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p has c o m p l e t e l y a n d i n c o r r i g i b l y b e t r a y e d the

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cause o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d s o c i a l i s m , a n d t h a t a l l e f f o r t s a n d hopes o f b r i n g i n g t h e m b a c k t o the r i g h t w a y h a v e t o t a l l y f a i l e d , the C e n t r a l C o m m i tee o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , has d e c i d e d n o t to r e p l y to t h e i r l e t t e r of J u l y 30, 1964. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has n o m o r e t o d o w i t h N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s g r o u p o f renegades. O n t h i s occasion, a n d u n d e r these c i r c u m s t a n ces, t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has d e c i d e d t o address this open l e t t e r t o y o u , m e m b e r s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , pioneers o f t h e great cause o f c o m m u n i s m , f o r w h o m w e h a v e a l w a y s h a d a p r o f o u n d respect a n d a f f e c t i o n . I n this l e t t e r w e w a n t t o t e l l y o u w i t h o p e n h e a r t s a n d f r a t e r n a l sincerity that t r u t h w h i c h N . K h r u s h chev has h i d d e n f r o m y o u f o r y e a r s o n e n d . H e has d e c e i v e d y o u a n d c o n t i n u e s t o d o so. H e has d e n i e d y o u a n y r i g h t t o a c q u a i n t y o u r s e l v e s w i t h the m a terials of our party, of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of C h i n a , a n d o f other M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties. The P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a is addressing itself t o y o u , f o r i t i s o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t i n this s i t u a t i o n y o u r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d r o l e are o f h i s toric significance. It is up to you to say your w o r d . W e h a v e f a i t h i n y o u . I n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n n o one else b u t y o u c a n c a l l a h a l t t o N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s revisionist line of action. Y o u are the only force w h i c h c a n save t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , the F a t h e r l a n d o f t h e G r e a t O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n , a n d the g l o r i o u s P a r t y o f the B o l s h e v i k s f r o m t h e b l i n d a l l e y i n t o w h i c h N . K h r u s h c h e v h a s l e d it, y o u m u s t d e f e n d

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M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the h o n o r a n d d i g n i t y o f the Soviet U n i o n a n d raise a l o f t the r e v o l u t i o n a r y b a n n e r o f y o u r p a r t y w h i c h N . K h r u s h c h e v has s u l l i e d w i t h disgrace. Dear Comrades, T h e K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p a r e m a k i n g a great fuss about t h e socalled i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties. T h e y a r e t r y i n g to persuade you and all the communists of the w o r l d t h a t a l l e g e d l y t h i s m e e t i n g i s necessary, t h a t a l l e g e d l y i t w i l l h e l p t o settle d i f f e r e n c e s a n d c o n s o l i d a t e t h e u n i t y o f t h e socialist c a m p a n d t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h i s is a b i g f r a u d , a b l u f f , a dangerous maneuver. I n fact t h i s m e e t i n g b y n o m e a n s helps t h e cause of M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t u n i t y , e i t h e r as to t h e w a y i t i s b e i n g p r e p a r e d o r a s t o its p o l i t i c a l p l a t f o r m . Its a i m i s t o u n d e r m i n e u n i t y , t o c o m p l e t e l y split t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t o c o n s o l i d a t e t h e shaky position of revisionism, to intensify the s t r u g g l e against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , i n t h i s w a y c a r r y i n g o u t the greatest service f o r t h e i m p e r i a list bourgeoisie. T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a declares t h a t the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s f i r m l y o p p o s e d t o this d i s r u p t i v e m e e t i n g o f the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , a n d c a t e g o r i c a l l y d e nounces this n e w p l o t o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e . F o r w h a t r e a s o n does the P a r t y o f L a b o r r e f u s e t o t a k e p a r t i n t h i s m e e t i n g a n d w h y does i t condemn it?

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First , the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a i s c o n v i n c e d that the h a s t y c a l l i n g o f the m e e t i n g o f the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r ties u n d e r the present c o n d i t i o n s a n d c i r c u m s t a n ces, w h e n deep d i v e r g e n c e s on basic s t r a t e g i c issues e x i s t i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t b e tween Marxist-Leninists and revisionists, a b o u t w h i c h a great p o l e m i c is b e i n g c a r r i e d o n , is n o t i n the i n t e r e s t s o f s e t t l i n g differences a n d o f c o n s o l i d a t i n g u n i t y o n a s o u n d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t basis, i s b y n o m e a n s the most effective w a y o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g the s o l i d a r i t y o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , but, o n t h e c o n t r a r y , i s the w a y t o c o m p l e t e l y u n d e r m i n e it. T h r o u g h t h e i r v i e w s a n d deeds the m o d e r n r e visionists have made the existing differences i n c r e a s i n g l y s h a r p e r a n d deeper, h a v e c o n s t a n t l y u n d e r m i n e d u n i t y , h a v e p l u n g e d t h e m s e l v e s deeper a n d deeper i n t o the m i r e o f b e t r a y a l a n d d i s r u p t i o n . W i t h a l l this t h e y h a v e m a d e the c a l l i n g o f the international meeting of the communist and w o r kers' parties even more difficult, they have postponed it even further. Greater efforts and a longer t i m e a r e n o w r e q u i r e d t o p r e p a r e the necessary conditions for the calling of a meeting that w o u l d t r u l y s e r v e the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t u n i t y o f the socialist c a m p a n d t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . Second , the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a declares t h a t t h e m e e t i n g w h i c h is n o w being called on the initiative o f the N. K h r u s h c h e v group is absolutely arbitrary and i l l e g a l , since t h e n o r m s a n d p r i n c i p l e s s a n c t i o n e d

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i n the 1960 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n g o v e r n i n g r e l a tions between parties have been b r u t a l l y violated. No one is e n t i t l e d to c a l l a g e n e r a l m e e t i n g of t h e communist and w o r k e r s ' parties to suit his w h i m s w i t h o u t c o n s u l t i n g the o t h e r p a r t i e s a n d r e c e i v i n g t h e i r p r i o r consent. W e p u b l i c l y d e c l a r e t h a t n o p r e l i m i n a r y c o n s u l t a t i o n o n this m a t t e r has t a k e n place w i t h t h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a . N . K h r u s h c h e v has q u i t e a r b i t r a r i l y d e c i d e d that t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n c t i o n e d i n the M o s c o w m e e t i n g of 1960 of a r r i v i n g at u n i f i c a t i o n of v i e w s through equal a n d comradely consultations, should b e r e p l a c e d w i t h the p r i n c i p l e o f s u b j e c t i n g the m i n o r i t y t o the m a j o r i t y . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has a l w a y s o p p o s e d s u c h a p r i n c i p l e because this is a flagrant violation of the equality and i n dependence o f f r a t e r n a l parties, a n a t t e m p t t o i m pose the w i l l o f t h e so-called m a j o r i t y o n o t h e r s . B u t e v e n i f w e speak o f m a j o r i t i e s , the r e a l a n d n o t the false a n d f i c t i t i o u s m a j o r i t y , i s b y n o m e a n s on the side of the r e v i s i o n i s t s . A c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b e r o f sister parties w h o s e r a n k s c o n t a i n a b o u t h a l f the c o m m u n i s t s o f the e n t i r e w o r l d , are q u i t e d e f i n i t e l y opposed t o t h e c a l l i n g o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t u n d e r the p r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n s and circumstances w i t h o u t reckoning here a w h o l e a r m y of revolutionary communists enrolled in the parties o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s w h e r e the l e a d e r s h a v e s l i p p e d i n t o the r e v i s i o n i s t p o s i t i o n , a n d w h o also c o n d e m n the s p l i t t i n g a n d t r e a c h e r o u s a c t i v i t i e s of N. K h r u s h c h e v . Third the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y o f

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L a b o r o f A l b a n i a declares t h a t b y o r g a n i z i n g the so-called i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g i n a h a s t y , a r b i t r a r y a n d i l l e g a l m a n n e r , the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p a r e i n fact t r y i n g to o r g a n i z e a m e e t i n g of f a c t i o n i s t s . T h i s is clearly evident in the J u l y 30 letter of the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o viet U n i o n w h i c h r u n s : I n o u r o p i n i o n t h e C o m m i s s i o n s h o u l d s t a r t its w o r k e v e n i f a n y o f the 26 C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s f a i l s to send its d e l e g a t i o n a t the a p p o i n t e d t i m e . A n d t h e l e t t e r c o n t i n u e s : The r e f u s a l o f t h i s o r t h a t p a r t y t o t a k e p a r t i n this c o l l e c t i v e w o r k m u s t n o t serve as a j u s t i f i c a tion for further postponement of measures a i m e d a t w o r k i n g out the w a y s a n d m e t h o d s o f c o n s o l i d a t i n g t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t u n i t y o f the M a r x i s t - L e ninists o f the w h o l e w o r l d . T h u s i t i s c l e a r t h a t N . K h r u s h c h e v has m a d e u p h i s m i n d t o c o n v e n e the m e e t i n g e v e n w i t h o u t the p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f m a n y parties w h i c h h a v e a l r e a d y e x p r e s s e d t h e i r o p p o sition t o a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g u n d e r the present conditions a n d c i r c u m s t a n c e s . T h i s m e a n s t h a t the meeting w h i c h is being called n o w w i l l only be a m e e t i n g of t h e l e a d e r s of a f e w parties a n d m a i n l y of those w h o f o l l o w N. K h r u s h c h e v , a m e e t i n g of revisionists. And this fact alone refutes all N. Khrushchev's demagogy about alleged unity and s o l i d a r i t y a n d l a y s b a r e h i s a n t i - M a r x i s t a n d divisive aims. N o w i t i s b e c o m i n g clear t o a l l that b y h a s t i l y convening the so-called international meeting of the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s the K h r u s h -

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chev g r o u p are a i m i n g t o achieve t w o m a i n o b j e c tives. O n o n e h a n d , t o i n t e n s i f y t h e i r f i g h t against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , to condemn c e r t a i n socialist countries a n d c e r t a i n c o m m u n i s t parties, a n d to e x p e l t h e m f r o m the socialist c a m p a n d the c o m m u nist m o v e m e n t ; and, o n the o t h e r h a n d , t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e r a n k s of t h e r e v i s i o n i s t f r o n t , to subject a l l t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s t o t h e i r dictate, t o f o r c e a n e w m e n u o n t h e m , w h i l e b i n d i n g t h e m h a n d a n d foot. T h e a t t a i n m e n t of these objectives is d e c i s i v e f o r the f a t e o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p w h o are facing grave difficulties. The determined and principled struggle waged by the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d the r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s o f the w o r l d has not o n l y t o r n the m a s k o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d is f r u s t r a t i n g their hostile schemes, b u t has b r o u g h t about a g r a v e situation w i t h i n the r a n k s o f the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s t h e m s e l v e s . D e e p c o n t r a d i c t i o n s h a v e a r i s e n b e t w e e n t h e m w h i c h are expressed p a r t i c u l a r l y c l e a r l y b y the t e n d e n c y t o oppose the h e g e m o n y a n d p a t e r n a l i s m of the Khrushchev group. U n d e r these c i r c u m s t a n c e s t h e r e i s n o o t h e r w a y left f o r the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s : t h e y m u s t c a r r y the s p l i t w i t h M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s t h r o u g h t o t h e e n d a n d a t t h e same t i m e h o b b l e the other revisionists, i m p o s e t h e i r c o n t r o l a n d d o m i n a t i o n o v e r t h e m , check a n y a t t e m p t o n t h e i r p a r t f o r even f o r m a l independence. T h e s e plans, w h i c h N. Khrushchev aims to achieve w i t h the m e e t i n g t h a t i s b e i n g p r e p a r e d ,

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h a v e e n c o u n t e r e d g r e a t obstacles, n o t o n l y f r o m the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties, w h i c h are q u i t e c l e a r a b o u t N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s t r e a c h e r o u s a i m s t o t h e det r i m e n t o f c o m m u n i s m a n d the socialist c a m p , b u t also f r o m some o f his r e v i s i o n i s t allies. I n the f i r s t p l a c e i t m u s t b e s a i d t h a t some o f the revisionist opponents to N. Khrushchev's proposed meeting, in the p r e p a r a t o r y stage o f which they are nevertheless p a r t i c i p a t i n g , are just a s r e v i s i o n i s t , e v e n m o r e c o n s i s t e n t l y r e v i s i o nist, t h a n K h r u s h c h e v h i m s e l f . T h e i r o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e h o l d i n g o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g , i s n o t i n s p i r e d b y a n y c o n c e r n a b o u t the u n i t y o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d the socialist camp, b u t f r o m t h e i r a i m t h a t the c o m p l e t e l y s p l i t a n d f i g h t against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m s h o u l d b e c a r r i e d out b y methods d i f f e r e n t f r o m those o f N . K h r u s h c h e v , methods w h i c h they consider more effective and w i t h f e w e r d a n g e r o u s consequences f o r t h e m b y trying to prolong their o w n lives through creating false i l l u s i o n s about t h e i r p o s i t i o n , a n d so o n . M o r e o v e r , t h e i r o p p o s i t i o n i s i n s p i r e d b y t h e fact that t h e y d o n o t w a n t t o b e t i e d d o w n ; t h e y w a n t t o g a i n t h e i r independence f r o m the K h r u s h chevite clique, to be f r e e to l i n k t h e m s e l v e s d i r e c t l y w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s o r the i m p e r i a l i s t bourgeoisie, h o w a n d w h e n t h e y w a n t . The maneuver w h i c h N. K h r u s h c h e v and his f o l l o w e r s a r e n o w r e s o r t i n g to, t h e tactics t h e y a r e using, c a n n o t c o n c e a l t h e a n t i - M a r x i s t a i m s o f t h e modern revisionists, their hostility to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . T h e y w i l l not succeed i n d e c e i v i n g a n y one.

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W h e t h e r o r n o t the r e v i s i o n i s t s h o l d t h e i r m e e t i n g , w h e t h e r t h e y h o l d i t n o w o r later, m a k e s n o d i f ference. T h e t r u e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s w i l l i n t e n s i f y t h e i r p r i n c i p l e d s t r u g g l e f o r the e x p o s u r e o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e and other m o d e r n revisionists, a s t r u g g l e that w i l l b r i n g defeat a n d t o t a l d e s t r u c t i o n to these d a n g e r o u s enemies of c o m m u n i s m . T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has b e e n a n d continues t o b e i n f a v o r o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g o f the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties. B u t it has been a n d c o n t i n u e s to be in f a v o r of a m e e t i n g that w o u l d serve the r e a l u n i t y o f the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t o n the basis o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , o n t h e basis o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s l a i d d o w n i n the 1957 a n d 1960 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n s . It has o p posed a n d c o n t i n u e s t o oppose a n y m e e t i n g t h a t w o u l d s a n c t i o n a n open r i f t o r w o u l d create a false u n i t y o n a n a n t i - M a r x i s t r e v i s i o n i s t basis. The P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a has s t a t e d earlier and is repeating now, that in order to prepare a m e e t i n g of the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t u n i t y of t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t it is essential to t a k e i n t o account the present s i t u a t i o n o f the c o m m u n i s t m o vement, t h e changes t h a t h a v e t a k e n place, a n d the process t h a t h a v e gone o n i n i t since the i 9 6 0 m e e t i n g , a n d i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h these c i r c u m s t a n ces a n d c o n d i t i o n s t o s p e c i f y t h e m e a s u r e s a n d steps t h a t s h o u l d b e t a k e n t o a c h i e v e a n i n t e r n a tional meeting which would r e a l l y e x p r e s s the o p i n i o n a n d w i s h e s o f a l l the c o m m u n i s t s o f the

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w o r l d , a n d w o u l d achieve a n d s t r e n g t h e n t h a t m i litant u n i t y of w h i c h our movement stands in greater n e e d t o d a y t h a n e v e r before. T h e o n l y basis f o r t r u e u n i t y o f the socialist c a m p a n d the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t lies i n M a r xism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism. N o u n i t y c a n b e a c h i e v e d o n the basis o f r e v i s i o nism. There can be no u n i t y between M a r x i s t s and r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o h a v e b e t r a y e d the cause o f M a r xism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism. N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s p l a n t o u n i t e the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t on the basis of r e v i s i o n i s m is a p l a n of d i s r u p t i o n , a n d i t i s d o o m e d t o f a i l u r e a n d disgrace. L i k e w i s e , a n y a t t e m p t , a n y hope, a n y i l l u s i o n o f finding an intermediary platform, satisfactory to all, that w o u l d unite both M a r x i s t s and revisionists is f u t i l e a n d d e t r i m e n t a l to the a t t a i n m e n t of t r u e p r i n c i p l e d u n i t y o f the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , w h i c h i s the o n l y u n i t y possible. T h e t r e a c h e r o u s a i m s w h i c h the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p are s t r i v i n g to a t t a i n at the present m e e t i n g are b y n o m e a n s a c c i d e n t a l . T h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e visionists have always striven towards attaining these objectives. T h e y b e g a n the s p l i t b y s p r e a d i n g their revisionist line. T h e y deepened it w i t h their a n t i - M a r x i s t a n d a n t i - s o c i a l i s t activities. A n d they are n o w c a r r y i n g this d i v i s i o n t o its l o g i c a l c o n clusion. B u t the revisionists should bear w e l l in m i n d t h a t the h e a v e n s w i l l not b e o v e r t u r n e d b e cause of t h e i r separatist m e e t i n g a n d because of the collective measures t h a t they m a y take. Their meeting w i l l be f r u i t f u l and very favorable

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t o the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e d a y o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s ' m e e t i n g w i l l g o d o w n i n h i s t o r y a s the d a y o f t h e i r c o m p l e t e a n d o p e n b e t r a y a l , a n d a t the same t i m e a s the d a y t h a t w i l l m a r k t h e i r f i n a l catastrophe. T h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t w i l l f o r g e a h e a d , w i t h o u t the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d i n s t r u g g l e against the r e v i s i o n i s t s , a n d i t w i l l c e r t a i n l y achieve its u n i t y i n this m i l i tant way. This w i l l be true Marxist-Leninist u n i t y f o r w h i c h the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s o f the w o r l d are f i g h t i n g a n d w i l l f i g h t courageously. Dear Comrades, N . K h r u s h c h e v tries t o p e r s u a d e y o u , c o m m u nists of the S o v i e t U n i o n , the peoples of the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d a l l peoples o f the w o r l d , t h a t w i t h h i s a s s u m p t i o n of p o w e r a n e w epoch has b e g u n , a great t u r n i n h i s t o r y . T h e decade o f h i s r u l e i s d e s c r i b e d as the decade of the b l o o m i n g of t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f the t r i u m p h a l m a r c h t o w a r d s c o m m u n i s m , as the decade of the t r i u m p h of peace a n d p e a c e f u l coexistence, as the decade of the c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d o f the c r e a t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t o f M a r x i s m . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s b e g i n the r e a l h i s t o r y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n i n 1953. T h e s e are a l l lies, n o t h i n g b u t lies. It is true that an historical turn started w h e n the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p took the r e i n s o f state i n t h e i r hands, b u t this w a s a b i g r e t r o g r e s s i v e t u r n , a t u r n that f l u n g the doors o p e n t o o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e visionism, to treachery and degeneration, to the

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u n d e r m i n i n g o f u n i t y a n d b e g i n n i n g the r i f t i n the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , to a p p r o a c h e s to a n d u n i t y w i t h the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d o t h e r enemies o f peoples a n d of s o c i a l i s m , t o w a r d s sabotage of the revolution and restoration of capitalism. N o o t h e r p e r s o n o r g r o u p has caused s o m u c h h a r m a n d s o m u c h e v i l t o the S o v i e t U n i o n , t o the socialist c a m p , t o the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t o t h e cause of s o c i a l i s m and communism, as N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s g r o u p . T h e h i s t o r y o f the Soviet U n i o n and of international communism records n o g r e a t e r renegade, n o m o r e r a b i d a n d d a n g e r o u s e n e m y t h a n the g r o u p o f K h r u s h c h e v i te r e v i s i o n i s t s . W h a t the imperialists were unable to do through their armed intervention, w h a t Trotsky, B u k h a r i n a n d o t h e r enemies o f the S o v i e t r e g i m e c o u l d not d o i n t h e i r time, w h a t the G e r m a n fascists c o u l d n o t d o d u r i n g the S e c o n d W o r l d W a r , N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s g r o u p are set o n d o i n g n o w . W h o has d e f a m e d , d i s c r e d i t e d , assailed s o v e h e m e n t l y , w h o has s l a n d e r e d the S o v i e t p o w e r , the S o v i e t socialist order, as m u c h as N. K h r u s h c h e v has d o n e ? I t w a s N . K h r u s h c h e v w h o c a n c e l l e d o u t the most g l o r i o u s p e r i o d o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , w h e n the S o v i e t peoples, l e d b y the P a r t y w i t h S t a l i n a t the head, o v e r c a m e colossal d i f f i c u l t i e s , c o u r a geously c o p e d w i t h the r u t h l e s s c a p i t a l i s t e n c i r c l e ment, s m a s h e d the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , b u i l t the first socialist society i n the w o r l d , r e a p e d the great h i s t o r i c v i c t o r y i n the p a t r i o t i c w a r , a n d t r a n s f o r -

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m e d the S o v i e t U n i o n i n t o a p o w e r f u l , d e v e l o p e d , a n d a d v a n c e d socialist state w i t h a n u n p a r a l l e l e d a u t h o r i t y a n d r o l e i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a . H e presented the w h o l e o f t h i s p e r i o d a s o n e d u r i n g w h i c h t e r r o r a n d persecution, p r i s o n s a n d c o n c e n t r a t i o n camps, v i o l a t i o n s o f t h e l a w a n d d e m o cracy, a r b i t r a r i t y and despotisms, poverty and h u n g e r r e i g n e d i n the S o v i e t U n i o n . H e r e n d e r e d the i m p e r i a l i s t s great service t h r o u g h these deeds o f his, p r o v i d i n g t h e m w i t h w e a p o n s t o attack a n d d i s c r e d i t the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e i n f a m o u s secret report w h i c h N . K h r u s h c h e v d e l i v e r e d a t t h e 20th C o n g r e s s a n d his subsequent speeches b e c a m e t h e m a i n n o u r i s h m e n t , the i n e x h a u s t i b l e source o f a l l the most r e a c t i o n a r y a n t i - c o m m u n i s t a n d a n t i - S o viet p r o p a g a n d a . W h o can believe N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s slanders about the c r i m e s o f S t a l i n ? C a n w e h a v e a n y f a i t h i n t h e concoctions of i n v e s t i g a t i o n c o m m i t t e e s a p p o i n t e d b y K h r u s h c h e v , i n the w r i t i n g s o f t h e A d j u b e y s , the k n o w l e d g e o f the S o l z h e n y t s i n s , a n d t h e i r i l k ? C a n it be that imperialism and its agents, f o r w h o m t h e S o v i e t U n i o n has a l w a y s been a n acute i r r i t a t i o n w h i c h t h e y t r i e d t o get r i d o f b y s t r a n g l i n g i n its cradle, h a v e sat w i t h f o l d e d a r m s a l l this time, a n d h a v e d o n e n o t h i n g a b o u t i t ? I n t i m e s gone b y N . Khrushchev himself said, i n 1938: The J a k i r s , the B a l i t s k y s , t h e L y p u c h e n s k y s , Z a t o r s k y i t e s , a n d other rogues, i n t e n d e d t o b r i n g the P o l i s h a r i s t o c r a c y b a c k t o the U k r a i n e , t o b r i n g the G e r m a n fascists, the l a n d l o r d s a n d c a p i t a l i s t h e r e . . . W e h a v e e x t e r m i n a t e d m a n y enemies b u t s t i l l

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n o t a l l o f t h e m . T h e r e f o r e w e s h o u l d k e e p o u r eyes open. W e s h o u l d a l w a y s b e a r i n m i n d C o m r a d e S t a l i n ' s w o r d s t h a t so l o n g as the c a p i t a l i s t e n c i r c l e m e n t exists spies a n d s a b o t e u r s w i l l b e sent i n t o our country. T h e same K h r u s h c h e v , a y e a r before, in 1937. s a i d : Our P a r t y w i l l m e r c i l e s s l y c r u s h t h e b a n d o f t r a i t o r s , w i l l sweep a l l the T r o t z k y i t e corps o f r i g h t i s t s f r o m the face o f t h e e a r t h . T h e g u a r a n t e e o f this i s the u n w a v e r i n g l e a d e r s h i p o f o u r C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e , the u n w a v e r i n g l e a d e r s h i p of our leader Comrade S t a l i n . . . We shall complet e l y e x t e r m i n a t e the e n e m i e s f r o m the f i r s t t o the last, a n d s c a t t e r t h e i r ashes t o t h e w i n d s . B u t i n stead o f w i p i n g the T r o t z k y i t e c o r p s f r o m the f a c e o f the e a r t h o r e x t e r m i n a t i n g a l l the e n e m i e s a n d o f s c a t t e r i n g t h e i r ashes t o t h e w i n d s , t h e r e negade K h r u s h c h e v b u r n e d S t a l i n ' s r e m a i n s , scattered his ashes to the w i n d , t h e ashes of this great d e f e n d e r a n d l e a d e r o f the h i s t o r i c a c h i e v e m e n t s of the Soviet U n i o n . He rehabilitated all the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s f r o m f i r s t t o last, p r o c l a i m e d t h e m v i c t i m s o f S t a l i n , a n d d e c i d e d t o raise monuments to them. J u s t w h o these v i c t i m s are w h o m N . K h r u s h chev t a k e s u n d e r his p r o t e c t i o n , w e A l b a n i a n s , k n o w o n l y too w e l l f r o m o u r o w n e x p e r i e n c e . W h i l e N . K h r u s h c h e v has c a l l e d the leaders o f t h e Albanian P a r t y and State, w h o h a v e l e d the people i n the great f i g h t f o r l i b e r a t i o n a n d the b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m , agents o f i m p e r i a l i s m w h o h a v e sold t h e m s e l v e s f o r 30 pieces of s i l v e r , he

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has o p e n l y t a k e n u n d e r h i s p r o t e c t i o n s a c h m u r derers a n d terrorists, enemies o f o u r p a r t y a n d of o u r people as K. X o x e , P. P l a k u , T. S e j k o , L . G e g a , a n d others, d u b b i n g t h e m t r u e r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s , i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t s , patriots, a n d innocent victims. O n l y a traitor, an enemy of c o m m u n i s m , c o u l d h u r l such m o n s t r o u s s l a n d e r s a n d a t t a c k s o n S t a l i n , this great l e a d e r of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , the S o v i e t peoples, a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l communist movement. In his anti-communist attacks o n S t a l i n N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v has s u r p a s s e d the i m p e r i a l i s t s , the m o s t r a b i d r e a c t i o n a r i e s a n d renegades o f c o m m u n i s m , K a u t s k y , T r o t s k y , T i t o a n d G j i l a s . W h a t has h e n o t s a i d against S t a l i n ! He has c a l l e d h i m a m u r d e r e r , a c o m m o n c r i m i n a l , a despot of the t y p e of I v a n the T e r r i ble, t h e greatest d i c t a t o r i n the h i s t o r y o f R u s sia, a n d s o o n a n d s o f o r t h . J . V . S t a l i n , w h o f o r 30 years on e n d l e d the P a r t y of the B o l s h e v i k s a n d the S o v i e t peoples f r o m v i c t o r y t o v i c t o r y , w h o c o u r a g e o u s l y d e f e n d e d the l i n e o f the great L e n i n , w h o i n s p i r e d the S t a k h o n o v i t e s a n d heroes o f t h e socialist c o n s t r u c t i o n i n the S o v i e t Union, who a r o u s e d a n d r e s o l u t e l y l e d a l l the w o r k e r s a n d peasants, a l l the S o v i e t people, i n the great P a t r i o tic W a r , w i t h w h o s e n a m e o n t h e i r l i p s the M a t r a sovs, the K o s m o d e m y a n s k a y a s , the heroes of S t a lingrad, and hundreds of thousands of other heroes a n d fighters, t h r e w t h e m s e l v e s i n t o a t t a c k s o n the e n e m y a n d f e l l i n battle.

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H a v e y o u never stopped to think, Comrades, w h y such bitter hatred is expressed for Stalin, w h y h e i s a t t a c k e d , w i t h s o m u c h f r e n z y , w h y the w h o l e g l o r i o u s p e r i o d o f the S o v i e t people a n d its P a r t y w h e n S t a l i n w a s a t the h e a d i s b l a c k e n e d so s h a m e f u l l y ? D o n ' t y o u see a l o g i c a l connect i o n b e t w e e n a t t a c k s a n d s l a n d e r s against S t a l i n a n d songs o f praise f o r the l e a d e r s o f i m p e r i a l i s m , E i s e n h o w e r . K e n n e d y , J o h n s o n , a n d others w h o m N . K h r u s h c h e v has c a l l e d reasonable m e n w h o e n j o y the a b s o l u t e t r u s t o f t h e i r people, w h o are e a r n e s t l y c o n c e r n e d a b o u t the p r e s e r v a t i o n of peace, the d e a t h of o n e of w h o m as in the case of K e n n e d y , he d e s c r i b e d as a great loss f o r m a n k i n d a n d p r o c l a i m e d as a d a y of m o u r n i n g even for the communists? O n l y a charlatan, a m a n w i t h o u t character or shame could behave as N . K h r u s h c h e v has done t o w a r d s S t a l i n , t o w h o m , w h e n h e w a s a l i v e , h e u s e d t o s i n g the m o s t r a p t u r o u s praises, w h o m h e u s e d t o c a l l great L e n i n ' s close f r i e n d a n d c o m r a d e - i n - a r m s , f r i e n d o f the people a n d b e l o v e d father, the g r e a t M a r s h a l o f the v i c t o r y o v e r fascism, the greatest g e n i u s a n d leader of m a n k i n d . H o w c o u l d i t h a v e b e e n possible t h a t y o u , S o viet c o m m u n i s t s , the S o v i e t people, a c h i e v e d such colossal v i c t o r i e s o f h i s t o r i c s i g n i f i c a n c e w i t h y o u r p a r t y a n d state h e a d e d b y a m a n w h o d i d n o t h i n g but c o m m i t a l l k i n d s o f c r i m e s a n d m i s t a k e s ? C a n there b e a n y g r e a t e r a b s u r d i t y a n d m o r e c l u m s y f a l s i f i c a t i o n o f h i s t o r y t h a n t o d e n y S t a l i n ' s great m e r i t s a s t h e l e a d e r o f the P a r t y a n d the C o m m a n -

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d e r - i n - C h i e f o f the S o v i e t A r m y a n d t o p r a i s e t o the skies the role a n d m e r i t s o f N . K h r u s h c h e v , w h o is presented as a great strategist, not o n l y o f the P a t r i o t i c W a r b u t e v e n o f the c i v i l w a r , a s the p i o n e e r of the cosmic era, a n d so on a n d so f o r t h ? It is a r e g r e t t a b l e t h i n g that e v e n some c o m r a d e s - i n - a r m s o f S t a l i n w h o d i r e c t e d the m a j o r operations d u r i n g the w a r , w i t h h i m a n d u n d e r h i s leadership, are n o w f a l s i f y i n g h i s t o r y , u n d e r i n structions f r o m Khrushchev, are n o w denying what yesterday they admitted w i t h their o w n mouths. T h r o u g h his base c a l u m n i e s a n d attacks against Stalin, w o r t h y only of a hooligan, N. K h r u s h chev i n s u l t s the great S o v i e t people, t h e i r p a r t y , the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t a n d the S o v i e t socialist order, h e i n s u l t s the g l o r i o u s S o v i e t A r m y , the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d the w o r k e r s a n d peoples of the w o r l d , he i n s u l t s socialism and Marxism-Leninism. N. Khrushchev h i m s e l f used t o s a y : W h o e v e r raises h i s h a n d against C o m r a d e S t a l i n has r a i s e d i t against a l l of us, against the w o r k i n g class, against the w o r k i n g people. W h o e v e r raises h i s h a n d against C o m rade S t a l i n has r a i s e d i t against t h e d o c t r i n e o f M a r x , E n g e l s a n d Lenin. ( f r o m h i s speech at t h e M o s c o w r a l l y i n J a n u a r y 1937). T h i s i s p r e c i s e l y w h a t K h r u s h c h e v h i m s e l f has done. B y r a i s i n g h i s h a n d against S t a l i n h e r a i s e d i t against e v e r y t h i n g , against c o m m u n i s m , against Marxism-Leninism. B y r a i s i n g his h a n d against S t a l i n , N . K h r u s h c h e v r a i s e d his h a n d against the S o v i e t socialist

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s y s t e m itself. H e i s a f r a i d t o a d m i t t h i s i n p u b l i c i n spite t h e calls o f h i s m o s t consistent allies t o c a r r y the e l i m i n a t i o n o f t h e consequences o f t h e cult t h r o u g h t o the e n d . B u t the fact r e m a i n s t h a t b y c a l l i n g the t h r e e decades o f S t a l i n ' s l e a d e r s h i p an anomaly, a deviation f r o m the Leninist road, and b y w o r k i n g i n t e n s i v e l y t o u n d e r m i n e t h e socialist system, N . K h r u s h c h e v i s a c t u a l l y v i o l a t i n g t h e S o v i e t socialist s y s t e m i t s e l f a n d i s l e a d i n g the peaceful e v o l u t i o n t o t h e d e g e n e r a t i o n o f s o c i a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n . A n d , t h e i r o n y o f i t i s t h a t he calls this t r e a c h e r o u s s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c r o a d a return to Lenin, following the true Leninist road! This is the purpose a n d true significance of a l l o f N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s h u e a n d c r y a b o u t t h e so-called struggle a g a i n s t t h e c u l t o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l a n d its consequences. T h e K h r u s h c h e v group have raised their hand against t h e m o s t s a c r e d t h i n g , t h e m o s t p o w e r f u l w e a p o n of t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e f o r the defence of t h e achievements of the revolution and the construction of c o m m u n i s m , a g a i n s t t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p of the p r o l e t a r i a t a n d o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y . T h e y are t r y i n g t o d i s a r m t h e people, t o t a k e t h e p o w e r f r o m the people's h a n d s , t o cause t h e d e g e n e r a t i o n of the party. T h e y have t r a m p l e d u p o n a n d rejected t h e consistent M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e o f t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y , its r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n a n d s p i r i t , they h a v e i m p o s e d a n o p p o r t u n i s t a n d r e v i s i o n i s t course o n t h e p a r t y i n a l l f i e l d s o f its l i f e a n d a c t i vity, a course w h i c h j e o p a r d i z e s t h e h i s t o r i c v i c t o -

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ries o f s o c i a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , f o r w h i c h t h e party a n d the Soviet people have fought heroically, h a v e m a d e g r e a t sacrifices, h a v e s h e d t h e i r b l o o d . T o c a r r y t h e i r course t h r o u g h t h e K h r u s h c h e v r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e h a v e c a r r i e d out great a n d c o n t i n u o u s p u r g e s i n t h e r a n k s o f t h e cadres o f the p a r t y , a n d t h e state, f r o m b o t h t h e c e n t r a l o r g a n s a n d t h e base, h a v e d i s c u s s e d a l l those a b o u t w h o m they are d o u b t f u l and have replaced t h e m w i t h cadres l o y a l t o t h e i r course. W i t h i n ten years N . K h r u s h c h e v has r e m o v e d a b o u t 7 0 % o f t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e w h o w e r e elected a t t h e 19th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i n 1952, a n d a b o u t 5 0 % o f t h e members of the C e n t r a l Committee elected in the 20th C o n g r e s s . L i k e w i s e , o n t h e e v e o f t h e 22nd Congress, on t h e p r e t e x t of c i r c u l a t i o n of cadres, he replaced 45% of the members of the central c o m m i t t e e s o f t h e parties o f the F e d e r a t e d R e p u blics, a s w e l l a s 4 0 % o f the r e g i o n a l a n d d i s t r i c t p a r t y c o m m i t t e e s o f t h e cities a n d regions. I n 1963, u n d e r t h e p r e t e x t o f r e o r g a n i z i n g t h e p a r t y o n t h e basis o f p r o d u c t i o n , t h e K h r u s h c h e v c l i q u e once a g a i n r e p l a c e d m o r e t h a n h a l f o f t h e m e m b e r s o f the c e n t r a l c o m m i t t e e s o f the F e d e r a t e d R e p u blics a n d t h e r e g i o n a l p a r t y c o m m i t t e e s . T h e m e n around K h r u s h c h e v today w h o serve h i m , constitute a privileged stratum, degenerated f r o m the point of v i e w of ideology, w h o have bet r a y e d the r e v o l u t i o n a r y cause o f the S o v i e t w o r k i n g class, w h o are f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d s o c i a l i s m . T h e i r sole c o n c e r n i s t o c o n -

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solidate t h e i r e c o n o m i c p o s i t i o n a n d t h e i r p o l i t i c a l domination. R e l y i n g on this s t r a t u m the K h r u s h chev g r o u p a r e t u r n i n g t h e g l o r i o u s C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n into a revisionist party a n d t h e S o v i e t socialist state i n t o a d i c t a t o r s h i p of the K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e . T h e i r theses o n t h e s o - c a l l e d p a r t y o f t h e w h o l e people a n d t h e state o f the w h o l e people are a g r e a t f r a u d . T h e y h a v e n o t h i n g i n c o m m o n with M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d serve only to pave the w a y t o t h e restoration of capitalism. The march f o r w a r d , that is towards c o m m u n i s m , passes t h r o u g h t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , a n d i t cannot b e a c h i e v e d o t h e r w i s e , s a i d L e n i n . B y p r o c l a i m i n g t h a t t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e tariat i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n has b e e n l i q u i d a t e d , the Khrushchev group have taken a v e r y dangerous step b a c k t o w a r d s c a p i t a l i s m . N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s socalled state of t h e w h o l e people is n o t h i n g b u t a mask t o h i d e t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f h i s c l i q u e d i r e c t e d against t h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class a n d p e a s a n t r y , against t h e S o v i e t people. N . K h r u s h c h e v opposes the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t , a n d i s f o r t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f state p o w e r o n l y i n o r d e r t o use it as a m e a n s to a t t a i n h i s o w n c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y objectives a n d t o k e e p the S o v i e t p e o p l e and c o m m u n i s t s u n d e r o p p r e s s i o n a n d s u b j e c t i o n . E q u a l l y d a n g e r o u s i s h i s thesis a b o u t t h e party o f the w h o l e people w h i c h w i p e s out the p r o l e t a r i a n class c h a r a c t e r o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d opens t h e w a y t o t h e d e generation o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y i n t o a r e -

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visionist one. A l l the organizational a n d re-organ i z a t i o n a l steps, w h i c h N . K h r u s h c h e v h a s u n d e r t a k e n t i m e a f t e r t i m e s e r v e these a i m s . C o m r a d e s , t h e S o v i e t state, t h e f i r s t s o c i a l i s t s t a te in the w o r l d w h i c h the October R e v o l u t i o n established, the great C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet Union, are faced w i t h the grave risk of degener a t i n g i n t o a b o u r g e o i s state a n d i n t o a r e v i s i o n i s t bourgeois p a r t y . P a s s i v i t y a t these m o m e n t s i s inexcusable and fatal. It is the imperative, lofty, sacred a n d historic d u t y of a l l the members of the Communist P a r t y of the Soviet Union, of the Sov i e t people, t o d e f e n d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o letariat, t o d e f e n d t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y f o u n d e d by Lenin. S i n c e h e c a m e t o p o w e r N . K h r u s h c h e v has t a k e n a n u m b e r of steps a n d has m a d e a n u m b e r of reforms in the field of the economy, particularly i n a g r i c u l t u r e , a b o u t w h i c h h e h a s b r a g g e d a great deal. B u t w h a t is the purpose a n d real m e a n i n g of these m e a s u r e s a n d r e f o r m s ? T h e y a r e i n o p p o sition to the principles of socialism a n d c o m m u nism, they are an attempt to introduce into the S o v i e t socialist e c o n o m y o r g a n i z a t i o n a l f o r m s a n d methods of management borrowed f r o m the experience of Titoite Jugoslavia and the capitalist countries. T h e K h r u s h c h e v group have replaced the socialist p r i n c i p l e o f p a y m e n t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e w o r k done, w i t h t h e m a t e r i a l s t i m u l u s w h i c h t h e y a b s o l u t i s e a n d fetishise. T h e y h a v e u n d e r m i n e d t h e planned a n d centralized management of the econ o m y , are e n c o u r a g i n g t h e c a p i t a l i s t p r i n c i p l e o f

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the struggle for profits, incite unrestrained capitalist c o m p e t i t i o n , a r e d e s t r o y i n g t h e c o m m o n p r o p e r t y o f t h e w h o l e people, a n d a r e b r e a k i n g i t up, a s t h e y h a v e done w i t h the m a c h i n e a n d T r a c t o r Stations. In essence N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s c o m m u n i s m is a variety of bourgeois socialism. H i s hue and cry a b o u t h i s c o n c e r n f o r t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e people, for better l i v i n g conditions for every one, a r e hypocritical and demagogical f r o m f i r s t t o last. W h a t the K h r u s h c h e v group h a n k e r after is an easier l i f e , m o r e c o m f o r t a n d p r o s p e r i t y f o r t h e p r i v i l e g e d a n d degenerate s t r a t u m w h o secure f a t i n c o m e s i n the f o r m o f h i g h salaries, bonuses a n d h o n o r a r i a , a n d b y m e a n s o f abuses, b r i b e s , s t e a l i n g , and so on. N. K h r u s h c h e v has reduced the lofty i d e a l of c o m m u n i s m to a g o o d p l a t e of g o u l a s h . T h e U n i t e d States o f A m e r i c a , t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f the i n d u s t r i a l i s t s a n d recommendations of big ranch holders and farmers, of the Eatons, Hearsts, & C o . serve as a p a t t e r n f o r h i s c o m m u n i s m . He has gone s o f a r a s t o h o l d o u t h i s h a n d t o the a m e rican imperialists in order to build communism i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n w i t h t h e i r d o l l a r s a n d credits. The Khrushchevite revisionists have flung the doors open t o t h e p e n e t r a t i o n o f b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o gy, t h e b o u r g e o i s w a y o f l i f e , b o u r g e o i s decadence i n art, l i t e r a t u r e a n d c u l t u r e , t o t h e e n l i v e n m e n t o f a l l k i n d s o f a n t i - S o v i e t , a n t i - s o c i a l i s t tendencies, t o the s p r e a d i n g o f decadent W e s t e r n t r e n d s . T h e y loudly propagate bourgeois i n d i v i d u a l i s m a n d selfishness, b o u r g e o i s h u m a n i s m a n d p a c i f i s m .

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D o n ' t a l l these t h i n g s speak c l e a r l y a s t o where N. K h r u s h c h e v is leading the Soviet U n i o n ? T h e s e are n o t a t a l l steps a h e a d t o w a r d s c o m m u nism they all lead backwards to capitalism. U n d e r these c i r c u m s t a n c e s the q u e s t i o n arises b e f o r e t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y soviet c o m m u n i s t s , b e f o r e t h e Soviet people: w i l l they allow the K h r u s h c h e v group to realize their criminal, counter-revolution a r y w o r k i n peace, o r w i l l t h e y rise u p i n defence o f t h e v i c t o r i e s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d c a l l a h a l t t o the a n t i - S o v i e t , anti-socialist line of N. K h r u s h c h e v . Dear Comrades, A s l o n g a s y o u r p a r t y h e l d aloft, u n s u l l i e d , the banner of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a n d p u r s u e d a consistent r e v o l u tionary line in home and foreign affairs, the S o v i e t U n i o n w a s , f o r w h o l e decades, t h e b a s t i o n o f r e v o l u t i o n a n d s o c i a l i s m , t h e greatest d e f e n d e r a n d supporter of the freedom and independence of t h e peoples, the greatest f i g h t e r f o r t h e e m a n c i p a t i o n of t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t h e cause of peace in the world. The revolutionary communists and people o f the w o r l d l o o k e d u p o n the great S o v i e t U n i o n w i t h deep respect a n d s y m p a t h y , took a s t h e i r e x a m p l e a n d w e r e i n s p i r e d b y its s t a n d f o r r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e . T h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f the s o cialist c a m p , the g r o w t h o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , the great i m p e t u s o f t h e l i b e r a t i o n w a r s o f peoples, are closely b o u n d u p w i t h the i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t r o l e a n d c o n t r i b u t i o n o f

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t h e f i r s t c o u n t r y o f s o c i a l i s m , the S o v i e t U n i o n . A t this time there was f u l l u n i t y of views and action i n the socialist camp, i n the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , and in all the international democratic organizations o f the w o r l d . A l l t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y forces o f t h e w o r l d , w i t h t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a t the head, a c t e d u n i t e d as a s i n g l e b o d y a g a i n s t the forces of imperialism and of reaction. B u t N . K h r u s h c h e v u n d e r m i n e d the prestige, a u t h o r i t y , a n d r o l e o f the S o v i e t U n i o n i n the w o r l d w i t h h i s p o l i t i c a l course. I n t h e n a m e o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n h e splits the socialist c a m p a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , h e sabotages a n d strangles the r e v o l u t i o n a n d the l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e o f peoples, deceives a n d i n t i m i d a t e s t h e peoples, defends c a p i t a l i s m a n d i m p e r i a l i s m a n d p a i n t s t h e m i n b e a u t i f u l colors. See, C o m r a d e s , what a great t r a g e d y the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p are p l a y i n g w i t h y o u r c o u n t r y w h i c h has s u c h b r i l l i a n t r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s , s u c h g r e a t h i s t o r i c a l m e r i t s ! T h e y are c o n s t a n t l y l i n k i n g a n d u n i t i n g the S o v i e t U n i o n w i t h its m o s t r a v e n i n g enemies, w i t h those against w h o m t h e c o m m u n i s t s a n d peoples o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n h a v e w a g e d a resolute a n d h e r o i c w a r . T h e K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p h a v e m a d e allies a n d f r i e n d s o f those w h o w o u l d l i k e t o b u r y t h e S o viet U n i o n . T h e y h a v e m a d e a n a l l y a n d f r i e n d o f A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s m w h i c h i s the h e a d o f w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m , the c e n t r e o f r e a c t i o n , a n d the m a i n source of w a r and aggression, the i n t e r n a t i o n a l e x p l o i t e r a n d g e n d a r m e e n e m y N o . 1 o f the peoples o f the w h o l e w o r l d .

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T h e y have made a friend a n d brother of the T i t o clique, w h o h a v e l o n g since b e t r a y e d M a r xism-Leninism, who carry on activity to underm i n e t h e forces o f s o c i a l i s m , f r e e d o m , a n d peace i n the w o r l d , w h o serve the imperialists most zealously, w h o are m a i n t a i n e d o n a m e r i c a n d o l lars, a n d w h o m t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t has u n a n i m o u s l y d e n o u n c e d . T h e y have made friends and allies of the renegades of the w o r k i n g class, s e r v a n t s of t h e bourgeoisie a n d most rabid anti-communists, the r e a c t i o n a r y r i g h t w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l d e m o c r a c y l i k e G u y M o l l e t , S p a a k , W i l s o n , a n d others. T h e y h a v e m a d e f r i e n d s a n d allies o f t h e r e a c tionary Indian bourgeoisie w h o m N . K h r u s h c h e v is equipping w i t h armaments and w h o m he is i n c i t i n g t o oppress the I n d i a n p e o p l e a n d l a u n c h a g gression on s u c h a f r a t e r n a l socialist c o u n t r y as t h e People's R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a . They have made friends a n d allies o f the V a t i c a n i n R o m e , this o l d center o f r e a c t i o n a n d o b s c u r a n t i s m , w i t h a l l the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s of the w o r l d , including the B o n n revanchists w i t h w h o m N . K h r u s h c h e v i s t r y i n g t o come t o t e r m s . N . K h r u s h c h e v has t u r n e d the s h a r p edge o f h i s attacks against the t r u e a n d l o y a l f r i e n d s o f t h e Soviet U n i o n . He has launched ferocious attacks against t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a , a g a i n s t the C o m m u n i s t Party and the great Chinese people, h e i s s o w i n g d i s c o r d b e t w e e n t w o g r e a t peoples, b e t w e e n the t w o m o s t p o w e r f u l socialist countries. It is not t h e S o v i e t - A m e r i c a n a l l i a n c e

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for w h i c h N. K h r u s h c h e v is working hard and dreaming d a y a n d night, but the fraternal SovietChinese collaboration a n d friendship, w h i c h the S o v i e t people, t h e socialist c a m p , t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y and liberation movement in the w o r l d stand in need of. B u t i n s t e a d o f t h i s c o l l a b o r a t i o n a n d o f this f r i e n d s h i p , N . K h r u s h c h e v i s c o n t i n u a l l y i n tensifying his u n p r i n c i p l e d fight against the People's R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a a n d its C o m m u n i s t P a r t y . C o m r a d e s , is this n o t a great b e t r a y a l of the v i t a l interests o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n ? Y o u k n o w t h e f i e r c e attacks, m o n s t r o u s s l a n ders a n d accusations, t h e h o s t i l e acts w h i c h t h e Khrushchev group have launched against the Party of Labor of Albania, against the People's R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a , a g a i n s t t h e A l b a n i a n people a n d t h e i r leaders. W h a t c r i m e i s t h e r e t h a t h e has n o t accused o u r p a r t y a n d o u r people of. I n h i s c a m p a i g n a g a i n s t o u r p a r t y a n d o u r people h e r e s o r t e d t o t h r e a t s a n d pressures, b r u t a l i n t e r ference i n o u r i n t e r n a l a f f a i r s , e s t a b l i s h e d t h e e c o nomic blockade and broke off diplomatic relations. F r o m the r o s t r u m of the 22nd Congress he openly called u p o n t h e c o m m u n i s t s a n d people o f A l b a n i a to l a u n c h a counter-revolution, to o v e r t h r o w the l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e p a r t y a n d the state, e x h o r t a tions w h i c h a r e c o n t i n u a l l y r e p e a t e d b y t h e S o viet p r o p a g a n d a organs, a n d e s p e c i a l l y b y R a d i o Moscow in its broadcasts to A l b a n i a . B u t w h y a l l this r e s e n t m e n t , a l l t h i s h o s t i l i t y , t o w a r d s a s o cialist c o u n t r y , t o w a r d s a M a r x i s t p a r t y a n d a f r a t e r n a l people, h a t r e d a n d e n m i t y w h i c h e v e n

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t h e most r a b i d i m p e r i a l i s t e n e m i e s h a v e n o t e x pressed t o w a r d s o u r c o u n t r y ? W h a t w a s the c r i m e t h i s p a r t y a n d these people c o m m i t t e d ? T h e i r s o l e crime w a s t h e i r r e f u s a l t o s u b m i t t o N . K h r u s h chev's l i n e o f b e t r a y a l , t h a t came out i n d e f e n c e o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a n d u n m a s k e d a n d opposed the d i s r u p t i v e a i m s of the r e v i s i o n i s t s . The Khrushchev group are waging a bitter s t r u g g l e against other socialist c o u n t r i e s w h i c h d o n o t s u b m i t t o t h e i r dictate, a s w e l l a s against a l l t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s w h i c h oppose r e v i s i o n i s m and uphold Marxism-Leninism. They are using against t h e m a l l the w e a p o n s a n d m e t h o d s w h i c h t h e class e n e m y uses. T h e y i n t e r f e r e b r u t a l l y i n their internal affairs, violate their sovereignty a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e , use pressures a n d b l a c k m a i l t o f o r c e t h e m t o t h e i r knees, s o w dissension a n d o r g a n i z e plots, a s t h e y d i d r e c e n t l y against the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f J a p a n , use the j o i n t o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f t h e C o u n c i l o f M u t u a l E c o n o m i c A i d a n d the W a r s a w T r e a t y i n o r d e r t o p u t the socialist c o u n t r i e s u n d e r the domination of their group, to exploit t h e m f o r t h e i r o w n s e l f i s h a n d c h a u v i n i s t i c purposes. W i t h the whole of his policy and activity N . K h r u s h c h e v has r e n d e r e d a n d i s r e n d e r i n g g r e a t services t o i m p e r i a l i s m a n d w o r l d r e a c t i o n , a n d has caused a n d i s c a u s i n g h e a v y d a m a g e t o t h e cause of s o c i a l i s m , the f r e e d o m of the peoples a n d peace i n the w o r l d . M o d e r n revisionism, w h i c h spread very r a p i d l y f o l l o w i n g the 20th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , p a v e d the w a y t o t h e

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b l o o d y c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n i n H u n g a r y , t o the c o u n ter-revolutionary events in Poland, jeopardized the very existence of certain communist and w o r kers' parties as in the U n i t e d States of A m e r i c a , i n D e n m a r k , a n d e l s e w h e r e . F o l l o w i n g the K h r u s h chev policy the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of India w i t h D a n g e at its h e a d t r a n s f o r m e d itself i n t o a t o o l of the reactionary big bourgeoisie, into a n a t i o n a l c h a u v i n i s t p a r t y t h a t has b e t r a y e d t h e i d e a l s o f t h e I n d i a n w o r k i n g class a n d people. I n A l g e r i a t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s d i v e r t e d the p a r t y f r o m the a r m e d r e s i s t a n c e t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e people, i s o l a t e d i t f r o m t h e masses, p l a c e d it in a tailist position and m a d e i t lose its place i n t h e p o l i t i c a l l i f e o f A l geria. C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of Irak suffered a real tragedy, w h e n , h a v i n g succumbed to pressures f r o m t h e K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p , i t lost i t s v i g i l a n c e , a n d as a consequence, r e c e i v e d a h e a v y b l o w f r o m t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s a n d the cause o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n i n I r a k s u f f e r e d a b i g defeat. Revisionism is evading many communist and w o r k e r s ' parties, p a r t i c u l a r l y i n E u r o p e , w h i c h i s pregnant w i t h revisionism. T h e y are being transformed f r o m parties of social revolution into p a r ties o f s o c i a l r e f o r m , t h e y a r e a p p r o a c h i n g a n d a m a l g a m a t i n g w i t h the social-democrats, are dep a r t i n g f r o m the revolutionary traditions a n d the revolutionary spirit, they are n u r t u r i n g themselves w i t h i l l u s i o n s a b o u t t h e p e a c e f u l p a r l i a m e n tary road, w h i c h the revisionists have raised to a principle of w o r l d strategy. F o r the sake of his approach at any price and

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a l l - r o u n d c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h the A m e r i c a n i m p e rialists w h o are the real beneficiaries f r o m the w h o l e a t h i s p o l i c y o f so-called p e a c e f u l c o - e x i s tence, N . K h r u s h c h e v has c o m m i t t e d g r a v e c r i m e s a g a i n s t t h e peoples' f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e , a g a i n s t peace, a g a i n s t t h e S o v i e t U n i o n itself, a g a i n s t i t s s e c u r i t y . F o r t h e sake o f this a p p r o a c h a n d reconciliation, following his adventureous actions, Khrushchev capitulated shamefully to A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s m d u r i n g t h e C a r i b b e a n crisis, w h e n h e d i d n o t hesitate t o sacrifice C u b a . He brought great s h a m e t o t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t o its a r m e d f o r ces, w h e n he allowed the A m e r i c a n imperialists to search S o v i e t s h i p s on t h e open seas in a m o s t h u m i l i a t i n g w a y , w h i l e C u b a , a t i n y socialist c o u n try, only 90 miles f r o m the U S A , honorably upheld its d i g n i t y , d i d n o t a l l o w a n y i m p e r i a l i s t searches i n its t e r r i t o r y , e v e n o f S o v i e t ships i n C u b a n t e r ritorial waters. N. K h r u s h c h e v sacrificed the n a t i o n a l interests o f the C o n g o l e s e p e o p l e w h e n h e voted in favor of the intervention of U N O troops u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f t h e A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s . T h i s c o m p r o m i s e b r o u g h t t r a g i c consequences t o the cause o f f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e C o n golese people, a s e v e r y b o d y n o w k n o w s . T h e M o s c o w T r e a t y o n the p a r t i a l p r o b i b i t i o n o f n u c l e a r w e a p o n s t e s t i n g w h i c h i s i n fact d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t the i n t e r e s t o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i t s e l f a n d t h e s o cialist c a m p , gives A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s the p o s s i b i l i t y o f c o n t i n u i n g t h e i r u n d e r g r o u n d tests u n i laterally, and of increasing their atomic potential,

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of continuing their nuclear blackmail to threaten a n d i n t i m i d a t e peoples. N . K h r u s h c h e v h a s m a d e m a n y deals w i t h t h e imperialists of the peoples' expense. In spite of the great n o i s e m a d e y e a r a f t e r y e a r a b o u t t h e s i g n i n g o f t h e peace t r e a t y w i t h G e r m a n y a n d t h e s e t t l e ment of the West B e r l i n problem, N. K h r u s h c h e v has n o w v i r t u a l l y a b a n d o n e d t h i s m a t t e r , a n d o n the e v e o f h i s v i s i t t o W e s t G e r m a n y , h e i s p r e paring to make further compromises w i t h the B o n n revanchists to the detriment of the v i t a l interests of the G e r m a n Democratic Republic. W h i l e a l l the peoples t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d rose i n a n g e r a n d r e s o l u t e l y d e n o u n c e d t h e n e w a g g r e s s i v e acts o f the U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a a g a i n s t t h e D e m o cratic Republic of Vietnam, N. Khrushchev to avoid losing favor w i t h the Americans, raised only a f e e b l e voice, w i t h d i f f i c u l t y m a n a g e d to s a y a couple o f w o r d s i n a n u n d e r t o n e t o e x p r e s s h i s regrets o v e r t h e T o n k i n G u l f i n c i d e n t s , a t a t i m e w h e n a f r a t e r n a l socialist c o u n t r y w a s f a c e d a n d is still faced w i t h grave danger. N o t o n l y has K h r u s h c h e v g i v e n up fighting the i m p e r i a l i s t s h i m s e l f , b u t h e i s d o i n g h i s best t o stop o t h e r peoples c a r r y i n g o u t t h e r e v o l u t i o n a n d from fighting the imperialists, t r y i n g to restrain and strangle the w o r l d liberation movement. He spreads a l l sorts o f p a c i f i s t i l l u s i o n s a b o u t i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its leaders, a d v i s e s peoples t o b e d o cile, n o t t o i r r i t a t e t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s b u t t o s u b m i t t o t h e m , because, a c c o r d i n g t o h i m , w o r l d c o n f l a g r a tion could be k i n d l e d f r o m a n y little spark. He

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threatens and intimidates them w i t h the horrors o f a t o m i c w a r , h e preaches peace u n d e r a n y c o n d i t i o n s a n d a t a n y p r i c e ! H e has gone s o f a r a s t o suggest t h e s e t t i n g u p o f a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i c e force w i t h i n t h e f r a m e w o r k o f the U n i t e d N a t i o n s O r g a n i z a t i o n , t o become a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l g e n d a r me, together w i t h the A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s , i n o r d e r t o suppress a n y l i b e r a t i o n a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t o f peoples i n t h e w o r l d . I t i s n o t b y c h a n c e t h a t the A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s , t h e r i g h t - w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y , a n d r e a c t i o n a r i e s o f a l l hues, l a v i s h praises o n the person of N. K h r u s h c h e v , on his policy, on his att i t u d e . T h e y describe h i m a s a g r e a t r e a l i s t p o l i t i c i a n w i t h w h o m o n e c a n r e a d i l y c o m e t o terms, the m o s t s u i t a b l e m a n f o r t h e W e s t i n M o s c o w , The S o v i e t P r e m i e r w h o acts l i k e a n A m e r i c a n p o l i t i c i a n , the m a n w h o i s p u t t i n g the c o m m u n i s t w o r l d o n the r o a d t o g r e a t t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s a n d evolution, and so on a n d so forth. T h e y have rested great hopes o n K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s g r o u p , a n d t h a t i s w h y t h e y c o m e t o meet h i m h a l f w a y a n d give h i m all kinds of aid and support to lure h i m f u r t h e r d o w n the r o a d o f b e t r a y a l o n w h i c h h e has l o n g s i n c e e m b a r k e d . T h e y speak o p e n l y a b o u t not a l l o w i n g t h i s great occasion s l i p t h r o u g h t h e i r f i n g e r s a n d t h a t the U S A s h o u l d , t o a c e r t a i n extent, m a k e K h r u s h c h e v ' s task l i g h t e r , a n d so on and so forth. H i s t o r y h a s n o t r e c o r d e d a n y o t h e r case o f t h i s k i n d , i n w h i c h t h e leaders o f i m p e r i a l i s m , the class enemies, h a v e l a v i s h e d s o m u c h praise, s o m u c h

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enthusiasm, on a leader of a n y communist party as on N. K h r u s h c h e v , have expressed so openly t h e i r a p p r o v a l , j o y , a n d hopes, r e g a r d i n g h i s p o l i t i c a l p o l i c y . T h i s fact a l o n e m a k e s c l e a r w h o benefits f r o m N. Khrushchev's actions, w h o m his v i e w s a n d deeds serve. Dear Comrades, I n face o f t h e g r e a t d a n g e r o f K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m t h a t i s m e n a c i n g t h e socialist c a m p , the international communist movement, and the S o v i e t U n i o n itself, t o d a y t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s that h a v e adopted s o u n d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t positions, a l l t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s t h e w o r l d over, have risen in resolute a n d p r i n c i p l e d struggle. A s t r u g g l e o f h i s t o r i c i m p o r t a n c e i n defence of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m against modern revisionism is being waged by the glorious Chinese C o m m u nist Party. N e w Marxist-Leninist parties have sprung u p i n m a n y countries o f the w o r l d l i k e Australia and Belgium, Brazil and Ceylon, while M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t revolutionary groups have been set u p i n m a n y o t h e r c o u n t r i e s s u c h a s I t a l y a n d France, A u s t r i a a n d E n g l a n d , I n d i a a n d elsewhere. A n d it could not happen otherwise. The c o m m u n i s t s w h o h a v e d e d i c a t e d t h e i r l i v e s t o t h e cause of the revolution a n d of socialism could not have failed a n d cannot fail to rise up against this g r e a t b e t r a y a l o f t h e w o r k i n g class o n t h e p a r t of the m o d e r n revisionists. We are f u l l y convinced that this struggle w i l l take ever greater proportions and that this is precisely w h a t w i l l b r i n g about the f i n a l defeat o f r e v i s i o n i s m .

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I n this g r e a t h i s t o r i c b a t t l e b e t w e e n M a r x i s m a n d revisionism, on whose outcome the present a n d f u t u r e of s o c i a l i s m depends, a great r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d role d e v o l v e s u p o n y o u , comrades, m e m b e r s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . I t i s p r e c i s e l y i n the l e a d e r s h i p o f y o u r p a r t y t h a t t h e great e v i l has t a k e n root, i t i s t h e center o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m t o d a y . T h e great d a n g e r w h i c h r e v i s i o n i s m constitutes f o r the e n t i r e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t o d a y lies i n the fact t h a t i t has m a n i f e s t e d itself i n t h e oldest a n d most a u t h o r i t a t i v e p a r t y i n the w o r l d , i n the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y , i n t h e P a r t y o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , t h a t i t has i n f e c ted t h e f i r s t a n d m o s t p o w e r f u l socialist c o u n t r y , the S o v i e t U n i o n . T a k i n g a d v a n t a g e o f t h e a u t h o r i t y o f the C o m munist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , of the Soviet state, a n d u t i l i z i n g the state p o w e r w i t h a l l the colossal m e a n s a t its disposal, the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p a r e t r y i n g t o deceive the S o v i e t C o m m u n i s t s to force t h e i r course of a c t i o n on t h e m , to confuse the leaders o f m a n y parties, a n d t o p l u n g e t h e m into t h e m i r e o f o p p o r t u n i s m . In this grave situation created by N. K h r u s h chev's b e t r a y a l t h e t i m e has c o m e f o r y o u S o v i e t communists to perform your lofty revolutionary duty towards your glorious party, people a n d c o u n t r y , t o w a r d s t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d peoples o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d , n o t t o a l l o w the t r e a c h e r o u s K h r u s h chevite clique to jeopardize the future of socialism and communism. The Soviet revolutionary comm u n i s t s h a v e n e v e r sat b a c k o n t h e s t r e n g t h o f

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t h e i r t r a d i t i o n s a n d m e r i t s o f t h e past. T o d a y m o r e t h a n e v e r b e f o r e these t r a d i t i o n s s h o u l d b e reasserted i n t h e s a m e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t , w i t h the same determination a n d devotion to principle, to defend the glorious name of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t o r a i s e h i g h its r e v o l u t i o n a r y banner, flung to the ground by N. Khrushchev. The v i t a l i n t e r e s t s o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e socialist camp, the revolutionary a n d liberation movement of the w o r l d demand this. Y o u l i v e a n d w o r k i n t h e c o u n t r y w h e r e the leaders o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m h o l d s w a y . T h e r e fore y o u r f i g h t i n defence o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m i s of decisive importance. No doubt this fight is far f r o m easy. I t d e m a n d s g r e a t efforts, c o u r a g e a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n , e v e n s a c r i f i c e . B u t the S o v i e t c o m munists during their glorious history have given proofs of their heroism a n d self-sacrifice for the great cause o f t h e w o r k i n g class. T h e y h a v e n e v e r been i n t i m i d a t e d , t h e y h a v e n e v e r r e t r e a t e d b e f o r e a n y enemy, c a r r y i n g out their d u t y gloriously even in most difficult moments. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a addresses this open letter to you, members of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , because w e a r e h e a r t a n d s o u l d w i t h y o u , because w e c o n s i d e r y o u t o day, a s w e h a v e a l w a y s done, o u r c o m r a d e s - i n a r m s , because w e l o v e y o u r p a r t y , the S o v i e t people, the S o v i e t U n i o n . W e h a v e n e v e r c o n f u s e d t h e C o m munist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , a n d the Soviet U n i o n itself, w i t h the K h r u s h c h e v g r o u p . T h e a t t e m p t s o f this g r o u p t o s m a s h t h e S o v i e t - A l b a n i a n

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friendship, to sow dissension and e n m i t y between o u r peoples, w i l l f a i l . T h e s e n t i m e n t s o f f r i e n d s h i p and brotherhood of our p a r t y a n d our people t o w a r d s y o u r p a r t y a n d p e o p l e h a v e n e v e r been, n o r w i l l ever b e quelled. T h e A l b a n i a n communists a n d people a r e l i f e l o n g f r i e n d s o f the S o v i e t U n i o n r e gardless of t h e fact t h a t a g r o u p of renegades stands t o d a y a t the h e a d o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a , the People's R e p u b l i c o f A l b a n i a , a n d t h e A l b a n i a n people, w i l l a l w a y s d e f e n d the S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e f i r s t socialist state, created b y the great L e n i n despite a l l the f o r e i g n a n d i n t e r n a l enemies. W e h a v e n e v e r f o r g o t t e n , n o r w i l l w e e v e r forget, w h a t t h e S o v i e t U n i o n m e a n s t o us, w e w i l l n e v e r f o r g e t its i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t a i d f o r the l i b e r a t i o n o f o u r c o u n t r y a n d the b u i l d i n g o f socialism. The attitude of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a has been a n d r e m a i n s c l e a r c u t : a n u n c o m p r o m i s i n g struggle of principle for the destruction of t h e Khrushchev revisionist group; friendship, loyalty and f u l l internationalist solidarity and brotherhood w i t h t h e peoples o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . O u r P a r t y a b i d e s s t r i c t l y b y the s t a t e m e n t m a d e b y C o m r a d e E n v e r H o x h a a f t e r t h e 22nd C o n gress, in a speech c o m m e m o r a t i n g t h e 20th a n n i versary of the founding of the Party of Labor of A l b a n i a a n d the 44th anniversay of the October Revolution, in November 1961, when he said: Our P a r t y and o u r people w i l l keep intact in their hearts p u r e sentiments of f r i e n d s h i p t o w a r d s the f r a t e r n a l peoples o f t h e

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S o v i e t U n i o n , r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e attacks, slanders, a n d h o s t i l e acts t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e b e e n s u b j e c t e d . O u r P a r t y has t a u g h t u s t o l o v e t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , the great F a t h e r l a n d of L e n i n a n d S t a l i n both in g o o d t i m e s a n d i n d i f f i c u l t ones. T h e g l o r i o u s S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the S o v i e t peoples, t h e g r e a t P a r t y o f the B o l s h e v i k s h a v e been, are, a n d w i l l r e m a i n f o r u s o u r dearest f r i e n d s , o u r l i b e r a t o r s f r o m t h e fascist y o k e , o u r f a i t h f u l a n d r e s o l u t e allies i n the great struggle for the construction of socialism in our country. We have been a n d r e m a i n b o u n d for l i f e w i t h t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , w i t h the S o v i e t peoples, w i t h the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet Union. G u i d e d b y these p r i n c i p l e s , these f e e l i n g s a n d this spirit, the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a turns to y o u f u l l y confident that the Soviet communists w i l l k n o w a t these h i s t o r i c a l m o m e n t s h o w t o fulfill their revolutionary internationalist mission w i t h d i g n i t y , w i l l face e v e r y s t o r m a s w o r t h y sons o f t h e i r g l o r i o u s p a r t y , o f its h e r o i c r o a d a n d history. H o w m a n y p l o t s a n d h o s t i l e acts h a v e b e e n concocted b y the class e n e m y , the e n e m i e s o f the S o v i e t P a r t y a n d people, a g a i n s t t h e S o v i e t U n i o n since t h e t i m e o f t h e O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n ! B u t t h e e n e m y h a s a l w a y s b e e n c r u s h e d . T h e cause o f soc i a l i s m , the S o v i e t p o w e r h a s b e e n d e f e n d e d w i t h h o n o r . Y o u , sons o f t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y , u n d e r t h e leadership of L e n i n and Stalin, have smashed the i n t e r v e n t i o n o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t forces, w h i c h l i k e r a v e n i n g beasts t r i e d t o s t r a n g l e the r e v o l u t i o n , a n d y o u t r i u m p h e d i n the b l o o d y c i v i l w a r a g a i n s t

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the r a b i d class enemies. S u p p o r t i n g y o u h e a r t a n d s o u l w i t h m i l i t a n t actions d u r i n g those d a y s w e r e the c o m m u n i s t s , the p r o l e t a r i a n s , a l l t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d oppressed peoples o f t h e w o r l d . Y o u , sons o f the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y , f o u g h t w i t h u n p a r a l l e led heroism u n d e r the leadership of the great successor t o t h e w o r k o f L e n i n J . V . S t a l i n , d u r i n g the P a t r i o t i c W a r , b r a v e l y v a n q u i s h e d G e r m a n f a s c i s m o n the f i e l d o f battle, a n d b e c o m e t h e s a v i o u r s o f t h e peoples o f E u r o p e . I n t h i s w a r , a g a i n y o u h a d allies i n t h e communist and workers' parties t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d , t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d a l l the peoples, t h e w h o l e o f p r o g r e s s i v e m a n k i n d . T o d a y great d a n g e r i s a g a i n t h r e a t e n i n g t h e Soviet U n i o n and y o u r party. T h e y are being menaced f r o m w i t h i n and f r o m abroad by the plot t h a t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s , together w i t h t h e m o d e r n r e visionists, are h a t c h i n g u p . T h i s p l o t w h i c h i s b e i n g effected u n d e r p e a c e f u l c o n d i t i o n s , is, i n fact, m u c h more dangerous for the fate of socialism in the Soviet Union, for a l l the international communist a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , f o r t h e fate o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n i n g e n e r a l ! A t t h e h e a d o f t h i s p l o t are t h e leaders o f A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s m a n d w o r l d r e a c t i o n a n d t h e K h r u s h c h e v c l i q u e . T h e cause o f s o cialism and the October Revolution, to w h i c h y o u h a v e d e d i c a t e d y o u r lives, calls o n y o u once m o r e t o defeat the great counter-revolutionary plot w h i c h is threatening y o u w i t h the same h e roism and revolutionary spirit that have characterized y o u r w h o l e life as m i l i t a n t Leninists. A n d today, a s y e s t e r d a y , i n t h i s j u s t f i g h t i n d e -

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fense o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d the S o v i e t U n i o n y o u are n o t alone. S t a n d i n g b y y o u a r e the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, all the revolutionary communists, all the prolet a r i a t a n d peoples o f t h e w o r l d , w h o c o m p r i s e a m u c h greater force t h a n the allies y o u used to h a v e i n y o u r battles against the class e n e m y , t h e e n e m i e s o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i n t h e days g o n e b y . The P a r t y of Labor of Albania, w h i c h is not a c c o s t u m e d t o w h i s p e r i n g b e h i n d the d o o r , b u t speaks o p e n l y a n d f r a n k l y , declares r e s o l u t e l y w i t h a c l e a r conscience t h a t is w i t h y o u . It i s w i t h y o u because t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e o f f spring of the G r e a t October Revolution, against w h o m the imperialists a n d modern revisionists h a v e s p e a r h e a d e d t h e i r attack, i s d e a r n o t o n l y t o y o u , b u t t o u s a s w e l l . I t i s d e a r t o a l l the r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d p r o l e t a r i a n s o f the w o r l d , t o a l l m e n o f t o i l a n d progress. T h e r e f o r e w e c o n s i d e r the s t r u g g l e t h a t m u s t b e w a g e d against the r e v i s i o n i s t a n d i m p e r i a l i s t plot, i n defence o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , i n defence o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e f i r s t s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y i n the w o r l d , a s a l o f t y i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t d u t y . A n d the S o v i e t U n i o n c a n n o t b e d e f e n d e d b y s a y i n g : W e are w i t h t h e S o v i e t U n i o n r i g h t o r wrong. O n l y traitors think that way. The Soviet U n i o n cannot be defended in that manner. That w o u l d o n l y defend the betrayal. We do not w a n t t h e S o v i e t U n i o n d o m i n a t e d b y the r e v i s i o n i s t t r a i tors. W e d o n o t w a n t t o see the r e v i s i o n i s t s w r e c k t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f the O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n a n d p u s h the c o u n t r y t o w a r d s a l l i a n c e w i t h t h e i m p e r i a -

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lists f o r t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m o v e r t h e s o i l w a t e r e d w i t h t h e b l o o d o f t h e best sons o f t h e p a r t y , of t h e w o r k i n g class, of t h e S o v i e t people. W e w a n t t o see the S o v i e t U n i o n , y e s t e r d a y , t o d a y , tomorrow, a n d always, a p o w e r f u l bastion of the cause o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m , o f t h e R e v o l u t i o n a n d t h e f r e e d o m o f people's, o f peace i n the world. We, A l b a n i a n communists, all the w o r k e r s a n d p a t r i o t s o f socialist A l b a n i a , r e g a r d l e s s o f o u r b e i n g few in numbers a n d the object of continuous r u t h l e s s attacks f r o m t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e v i visionists, are f i g h t i n g a n d w i l l b e f i g h t i n g r e s o l u t e l y , u n y i e l d i n g l y t o the e n d i n d e f e n c e o f o u r great c o m m o n cause, M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , i n d e fence o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . I n t h i s f i g h t w e accept our f u l l responsibilities a n d we think that it is time that all true communists and revolutionaries, f o r a l l those t o w h o m the cause o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , socialism, a n d the r e v o l u t i o n a r e dear, t o assume their f u l l responsibilities in this situation courageously. Once again we express our f u l l confidence a n d u n s h a k e n belief t h a t o u r comrades, t h e c o m m u n i s t s of the glorious p a r t y of L e n i n and Stalin, w h o have b e e n a n e x a m p l e o f great i n s p i r a t i o n f o r a l l the c o m m u n i s t s a n d peoples o f the w o r l d , t o d a y too, w i t h a l o f t y r e v o l u t i o n a r y cousciousness, w i l l k n o w h o w to carry out the v e r y responsible duties w i t h w h i c h h i s t o r y charges t h e m . I n defence o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , i n defence o f socialism and c o m m u n i s m , in defence of the S o -

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v i e t U n i o n , a n d u n d e r the g r e a t b a n n e r o f M a r x , E n g e l s , L e n i n , a n d S t a l i n , the S o v i e t c o m m u n i s t s w i l l unite their efforts, their p o w e r f u l struggle w i t h those o f a l l t h e c o m m u n i s t s a n d p r o l e t a r i a n s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , f o r the c o m p l e t e e x p o s u r e a n d defeat of modern revisionism and imperialism.

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY OF LABOR OF ALBANIA

Tirana,

October 6,

1964.

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THE MODERN REVISIONISTS ON THE WAY TO DEGENERATING INTO SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS AND TO FUSING WITH SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY

Reproduced

from

the

Zeri

Popullit

d a t e d A p r i l 7 , 1964

E v e r y d a y t h a t passes b y b r i n g s n e w facts t o light testifying that the modern revisionists, N. Khrushchev's group and their followers, have completely deviated a n d have t u r n e d into enemies of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and of proletarian internationalism, of socialism and of the revolutionary and l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t h e peoples u n d e r bondage, enemies o f the u n i t y of the socialist camp and the international communist movement. T h e y have joined in a holy alliance w i t h the A m e r i c a n imperialists and t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s o f d i f f e r e n t countries, w i t h a l l t h e a n t i - c o m m u n i s t forces against peoples a n d s o cialism. T h e y have t u r n e d the blade of all their d a g g e r s a g a i n s t M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , against a l l f r a ternal parties and revolutionary communists l o y a l t o it, a g a i n s t t h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t , l i b e r a t i o n a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t o f peoples. A l l t h e i r u t terances about loyalty to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , to t h e cause o f s o c i a l i s m , t o t h e r e v o l u t i o n a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a r e sheer b l u f f a n d d e m a g o g y f r o m h e a d t o foot. In order to carry through their anti-Marxist, anti-socialist and counter-revolutionary line, they s t a n d i n n e e d o f allies. A n d w h e r e c o u l d t h e y f i n d

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better allies t h a n a m o n g t h e r e v i s i o n i s t e l e m e n t s i n the v a r i o u s p a r t i e s a n d a m o n g t h e T i t o i t e c l i q u e in Jugoslavia? Therefore, N. K h r u s h c h e v and his g r o u p succeeded, t h r o u g h 'putsch-es' a n d plots, d e c e i v i n g some a n d c o m p r o m i s i n g others, u n d e r the guise o f f i g h t i n g the c u l t o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l i n bringing to p o w e r and placing at the head of certain communist and workers' parties revisionist e l e m e n t s o f t h e i r choice w h i l e , o n the o t h e r h a n d , they rehabilitated Tito's renegate clique and joined up w i t h them completely. Thus, the united r e v i s i o n i s t f r o n t came i n t o b e i n g . T h i s w a s the f i r s t step. I n a d d i t i o n t o this, the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e n e v e r g i v e n u p e f f o r t s t o f i n d o t h e r allies too. A n d w h o c o u l d these be? I t i s v e r y n a t u r a l f o r t h e m t o t u r n t o a n d t h e y c o u l d not h e l p t u r n to t h e i r brothers, f e l l o w t r a i t o r s t h e r i g h t w i n g s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t leaders. F o r r e v i s i o n i s m a n d social-democracy of today are two manifestations of the s a m e i d e o l o g y b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y . S o c i a l democracy is the manifestation of bourgeois ideology in the w o r k e r s movement, w h i l e revisionism i s the m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y i n the communist movement. T h i s i s the c o m m o n i d e o l o g i c basis t h a t d r a w s t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s c l o s e r t o a n d u n i t e s w i t h t h e soc i a l - d e m o c r a t s a n d creates t h e p r e m i s e s f o r t h e i r complete fusion not o n l y ideologically a n d p o l i t i c a l l y b u t also o r g a n i z a t i o n a l l y . T h e r e f o r e i t i s a l t o gether n a t u r a l a n d l o g i c a l t h a t t h e a t t e m p t s o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s t o cause t h e d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e c o m -

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m u n i s t p a r t i e s t h e y direct, i n t o s o c i a l d e m o c r a t i c parties, t h a t t h e i r t e n d e n c y t o fuse i n w i t h s o c i a l democracy, is being made so v e r y clear nowadays. T h e t r e n d t o get closer t o a n d j o i n w i t h s o c i a l democrats, the w h o l e treacherous line of action of the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , h a v e t h e i r b e g i n n i n g s a t the 20th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h i s t r e n d w a s r e - e m p h a s i z e d a t the 21st a n d t h e 2 2 n d Congresses a n d w a s s a n c t i o n e d i n the n e w p r o g r a m o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e Soviet U n i o n . S p e a k i n g of this line of approach to a n d u n i o n w i t h s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y a t the 22nd C o n gress, N . K h r u s h c h e v s a i d : T h i s i s n o t a t a c t i c a l t e m p o r a r y s l o g a n b u t t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t d i c t a t e d b y t h e basic i n t e r e s t s o f t h e w o r k i n g class. N . K h r u s h c h e v has also s a i d : If w e a r e t o s p e a k o f the r o l e a n d p o s i t i o n o f t h e n o n - c o m m u n i s t parties, w e s h o u l d stress, a b o v e a l l , that in the present situation, in order to achieve the socialist t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of society, c o l l a b o r a t i o n of the communist p a r t y w i t h the other parties is not o n l y possible but indispensable. (N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s reply to the editor of the A u s t r a l i a n new-paper Herald, J o h n Waters, published in Pravda J u n e 25, 1958). T h e l i n e o f a p p r o a c h t o a n d u n i o n w i t h soc i a l - d e m o c r a t s b e g a n t o b e p u t i n t o effect i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e 20th C o n g r e s s . T h e C e n t r a l C o m mittee of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n addressed letters to the social-democratic parties of Western Europe calling for unity. Beginning w i t h 1956 t h e S o v i e t U n i o n w a s v i s i t e d b y a n u m b e r

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o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c leaders a n d b y w h o l e d e l e g a tions o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s w h o came i n t o contact a n d c a r r i e d o n t a l k s w i t h N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s group. The campaign for unity w i t h social-democrats has become m o r e i n t e n s i v e e s p e c i a l l y i n recent t i mes. A p r o o f of t h i s lies in t h e last y e a r ' s v i s i t s to M o s c o w of s u c h leaders of s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y as P . H . S p a a k , s e c r e t a r y - g e n e r a l o f the B e l g i a n S o cialist P a r t y , H a r o l d W i l s o n , the present c h a i r m a n o f the E n g l i s h L a b o u r P a r t y and G u y Mollet, secretary-general of the F r e n c h Socialist Party, w h o conducted talks w i t h N. K h r u s h c h e v and other S o v i e t leaders. I n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h these talks, i n a n interview w i t h foreign journalists in Moscow G u y M o l l e t s a i d t h a t h e h a d discussed w i t h K h r u s h c h e v a n u m b e r o f questions c o m p r i s i n g a l l t h e o r e t i c a l and doctrinarian problems of a general nature and w h i c h characterize the relations between social-dem o c r a t i c a n d c o m m u n i s t parties. W h i l e , i n a n i n t e r v i e w g r a n t e d t o t h e n e w s p a p e r Unita ( F e b r u a r y 22, 1964) G u y M o l l e t s t a t e d t h a t T h e t a l k s w h i c h t h e d e l e g a t i o n o f S F I O c o n d u c t e d w i t h the leaders o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n and in particular w i t h N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v , gave us s u r e s a t i s f a c t i o n i n m a n y points. T h e leaders o f c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s p a r t i e s i n c e r t a i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a r e also f o l l o w i n g t h e line of fusing w i t h present-day social-democracy u n d e r the d i c t a t e s o f the c o n d u c t o r ' s b a t o n . T h i s i s e v i d e n t i n m a n y o f t h e i r acts, i n v a r i o u s a r t i c l e s a n d statements, i n the c o l u m n s o f t h e K h r u s h -

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c h e v i a n r e v i e w P r o b l e m s o f Peace a n d S o c i a l i s m ; i n the d o c u m e n t o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the Italian C o m m u n i s t P a r t y for the national confer e n c e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a p p e a r i n g i n the n e w - p a p e r U n i t a dt. 9-1-1964, in the d r a f t - r e s o l u t i o n f o r the 17th C o n g r e s s o f t h e F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w h i c h w i l l b e h e l d i n M a y this year, a n d s o o n . I n a l l these a t t e m p t s , d o c u m e n t s a n d m a t e r i a l s o f t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e phrases t h e y use t o c a m o u f l a g e t h e i r designs the p r e v a i l i n g i d e a i s u n i t y a n d f u s i o n w i t h s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s on w h a t e v e r basis a n d at a l l costs, r e n o u n c i n g e v e r y t h i n g t h a t m i g h t p r e j u d i c e t h i s u n i o n , b e i t i n the field of ideology or in that of organization. T h e a t t e m p t s of the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s to get close t o a n d j o i n u p w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s are a l o g i c a l consequence o f t h e i r b e t r a y a l o f M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m , are a c o m p o n e n t p a r t o f t h e i r g r a n d s t r a tegic p l a n o f w o r l d i n t e g r a t i o n c l e a r l y f o r m u l a ted by Tito in his w e l l - k n o w n interview granted t o D r e w P e a r s o n o n A u g u s t 7 , 1962. T o realize this o b j e c t i v e t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s m a k e e x t e n s i v e use o f d e m a g o g i c a l slogans. T h e y t r y t o j u s t i f y t h e i r a p proach to and union w i t h the imperialists and reactionaries, their approach to and union w i t h T i t o ' s c l i q u e i n the n a m e o f socialism, w i t h the R o m a n P o n t i f f i n the n a m e o f h u m a n i t y , w i t h t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s , i n the n a m e o f u n i t y o f the w o r k i n g class, i n t h e n a m e o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s tence a n d o f s a v i n g t h e w o r l d f r o m a n u c l e a r w a r of extermination.

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MODERN REVISIONISTS PROCEED A L O N G T H E TREACHEROUS T R A C K S OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY The modern revisionists t r y to justify their a p p r o a c h t o a n d u n i o n w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s u n d e r t h e p r e t e x t t h a t p o s i t i v e t r e n d s are a l l e g e d l y b e i n g o b s e r v e d e s p e c i a l l y i n recent t i m e s , among the ranks of social-democracy; that they have allegedly expressed themselves in f a v o r of peace, p e a c e f u l coexistence, d i s a r m a m e n t , t h a t t h e y have positively modified their attitude toward the U S S R , that they have expressed themselves in f a v o r o f some k i n d o f a p p r o a c h t o t h e c o m m u n i s t s , t h a t t h e y h a v e e x p r e s s e d some sort o f w i l l i n g n e s s t o m e e t the d e m a n d s of t h e w o r k i n g class, to p r e s e r v e and strengthen democratic institutions, they have stated t h a t t h e y a r e i n f a v o r o f t h e socialist t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f society a n d s o f o r t h . T h u s , i n o r d e r to justify their line of approach to the r i g h t w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y , t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s t r y t o create t h e i l l u s i o n t h a t i t i s n o t t h e r e v i s i o n i s t t r a i n w h i c h i s s p e e d i n g its w a y t o t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c station, b u t t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c s t a t i o n i s c o m i n g up to meet the revisionist t r a i n ! This is no n e w tactic for revisionists. N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s t r a i t o r o u s g r o u p a n d those w h o f o l l o w t h e m h a v e u s e d e x a c t l y this m a n e u v e r t o j u s tify their approach to and complete union w i t h the T i t o i t e clique, p r e t e n d i n g t h a t the J u g o s l a v leaders have allegedly corrected m a n y of their errors a n d h a v e a d o p t e d the l i n e o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . I n

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the s a m e w a y , i n o r d e r t o j u s t i f y t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s l i n e o f r e c o n c i l i a t i o n w i t h a n d a p p r o a c h t o the i m perialists, to the A m e r i c a n imperialists in p a r t i c u lar, t h e y h a v e s p r e a d a n d c o n t i n u e t o s p r e a d i l l u sions p r e t e n d i n g t h a t t h e leaders o f i m p e r i a l i s m h a v e n o w b e c o m e wise, realistic, peace-loving, reasonable a n d w h a t not. B u t facts g o t o p r o v e t h a t t h e p r e s e n t s o c i a l d e m o c r a t leaders h a v e c h a n g e d a s l i t t l e i n t h e i r nature and in their attitude as the Titoite clique a n d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s . I f w e m a y speak o f a n y k i n d o f c h a n g e o f v i e w s a n d stands o f t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c leaders, t h e o n l y o b v i o u s change o f t h e i r s is their ever g r o w i n g i n c l i n a t i o n to the right.

What Does Present-Day Social-Democracy Represent? P r e s e n t - d a y s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y is a d i r e c t f o l l o w e r o f the t r a i t o r o u s I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l . I t h a s i n h e r i t e d a l l t h e i d e o l o g i c a l luggage, o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d tactics o f t h e p a r t i e s o f the I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l . T h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s b e g a n t h e i r b e t r a y a l b y gett i n g a w a y f r o m t h e basic t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x i s m - L e ninism, which they proclaim as out-dated and i n e x p e d i e n t , b y r e n o u n c i n g the class s t r u g g l e a n d r e placing it w i t h the theory of h a r m o n y and reconc i l i a t i o n o f classes, b y n e g a t i n g the r e v o l u t i o n a n d replacing it w i t h reforms w i t h i n the c a p i t a l i s t order, b y g i v i n g u p the r e v o l u t i o n a r y w a y a n d r e p l a c i n g i t w i t h peaceful, d e m o c r a t i c a n d p a r l i a -

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mentary method, by denying the indispensability of b r e a k i n g u p the o l d b o u r g e o i s state m a c h i n e r y a n d a c c e p t i n g the c a p i t a l i s t state as a m e a n s to cross o v e r t o s o c i a l i s m , b y w i t h h o l d i n g t h e i r assent t o the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d r e p l a c i n g i t w i t h pure a n d g e n e r a l d e m o c r a c y , b y d e p a r t i n g from proletarian internationalism a n d going so far the other w a y as to plunge into positions of the national-chauvinists, to open union w i t h the i m p e r i a l i s t bourgeoisie. U n m a s k i n g the betrayal of the old social-democrats L e n i n wrote as f a r back as in his book What is to be done?: Social-democracy should be changed f r o m a party of social revolution t o a d e m o c r a t i c p a r t y o f social r e f o r m s . B e r n s t e i n has b o l s t e r e d u p t h i s p o l i t i c a l d e m a n d w i t h a w h o l e battery of new arguments a n d considerations h a r m o n i o u s l y connected w i t h one a n o t h e r . H e denies the p o s s i b i l i t y o f i n d o r s i n g socialism scientifically a n d of proving, f r o m the point o f v i e w o f the m a t e r i a l i s t c o n c e p t i o n o f h i s t o r y , t h a t i t i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e a n d i n e v i t a b l e ; h e denies t h e fact t h a t p o v e r t y a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i z a t i o n are o n the i n c r e a s e a n d t h a t c a p i t a l i s t c o n t r a d i c t i o n s are getting worse and worse; he proclaims the very n o t i o n o f the f i n a l goal a s g r o u n d l e s s a n d u n c o n d i t i o n a l l y rejects t h e i d e a o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t ; h e denies t h e d i v e r g e n c i e s o f p r i n ciple existing between liberalism and social i s m a n d t h e t h e o r y o f t h e class s t r u g g l e w h i c h , h e pretends, c a n n o t b e c a r r i e d o u t i n a w h o l l y dem o c r a t i c society g o v e r n e d b y t h e w i l l o f t h e m a -

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jority. (V. I. L e n i n : Selected W o r k s in 2 vol. A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 1, p a g e 110). By e m b a r k i n g on this road, social-democracy t u r n e d i t s e l f i n t o a l o y a l s u p p o r t e r of t h e c a p i t a l i s t o r d e r of things, i n t o a s e r v a n t of the b o u r g e o i s i e , into a m o s t i m p o r t a n t ideological and political abettor of bourgeois policy in the w o r k e r s m o v e ment. I t has a i d e d t h e b o u r g e o i s i e t o o p p r e s s a n d e x p l o i t the w o r k e r s o f t h e i r c o u n t r y a n d the p e o ples o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s , t o s u p p r e s s t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t . It has b e e n v e r i f i e d b y p r a c t i c e L e n i n says, that t h e m i l i t a n t g r o u p i n the r a n k s o f t h e w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t w h o a d h e r e t o o p p o r t u n i s t t r e n d s , are b e t t e r d e f e n d e r s of the bourgeoisie t h a n the bourgeoisie themselves. I f w o r k e r s w e r e n o t u n d e r the g u i d a n c e o f s u c h people, t h e b o u r g e o i s i e w o u l d n o t b e a b l e t o s t a n d t h e i r g r o u n d ( W o r k s , v o l . 31, p a g e 259, A l b a n i a n edition). B u t s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y t o d a y h a s gone a step f u r t h e r i n its b e t r a y a l w h e n c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e time of the IInd International. At present it is characterized by a g r o w i n g tendency towards the right. B e g i n n i n g f r o m 1955 t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r ties i n W e s t e r n E u r o p e l i k e t h e E n g l i s h L a b o u r Party, the social-democratic parties in France, Austria, S w i t z e r l a n d , the Netherlands, L u x e m b u r g , Western G e r m a n y a n d i n the Scandinavian countries, h a v e c h a n g e d t h e i r p r o g r a m s , o r h a v e been engaged i n e l a b o r a t i n g n e w p r o g r a m m a t i c p r o c e -

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d u r e s . W h a t characterizes these p r o g r a m s a n d n e w programmatic procedures? T h e y are characterized b y the eclectic b l e n d i n g of the old opportunist theories w i t h the m o d e r n b o u r g e o i s theories, b y their permanent renunciation of a l l the principles a n d ideals o f s o c i a l i s m , b y t h e i r o p e n s u p p o r t f o r the c a p i t a l i s t o r d e r o f e x p l o i t a t i o n a n d b y t h e i r frenzied opposition to communism. I f the f o r m e r r e f o r m i s t s a v o w e d , e v e n i n w o r d s alone, t h a t the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f s o c i a l i s m w a s t h e i r u l t i m a t e goal, p r e s e n t - d a y s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s h a v e o p e n l y rejected t h i s end. T h e y p r e a c h t h a t t h e y are i n f a v o r o f t h e s o c a l l e d d e m o c r a t i c socialism, w h i c h has n o t h i n g i n c o m m o n w i t h t r u e s c i e n t i f i c s o c i a l i s m . I t i s its n e g a t i o n , its r e p l a c e m e n t w i t h certain bourgeois l i b e r a l reforms w h i c h do not t a m p e r i n a n y w a y w i t h the basis o f c a p i t a l i s t society. W h a t k i n d o f s o c i a l i s m i s t h a t w h e n m o s t o f the social-democratic programs have discarded an elementary demand of socialism to abolish private p r o p e r t y o f the m e a n s o f p r o d u c t i o n ? F o l l o w i n g t h e w e l l - k n o w n statements o f the socialist I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i m s a n d T a s k s o f D e m o c r a t i c S o c i a l i s m (1951), t h e n e w p r o g r a m s d i r e c t the w o r k i n g class not against c a p i t a l i s m as s u c h b u t against u n s u p e r v i s e d c a p i t a l i s m . N a t i o n a l i z a t i o n of a p a r t of t h e e n t e r p r i s e s by the b o u r g e o i s state, the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f state m o n o p o l i s t c a p i talism in the economic life of the country, the adoption of certain bourgeois-democratic ref o r m s a l l o f these f i g u r e i n t h e n e w p r o g r a m s a n d statements of the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s as facts

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t h a t go to p r o v e t h a t the basis of s o c i a l i s m has a l l e g e d l y b e e n l a i d i n c e r t a i n c a p i t a l i s t countries. A t t h e same time, t h e y d e n y t h e socialist c h a r a c t e r o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s i n t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s . T h e y repeat i n this m a n n e r , o p e n l y o r i n a r o u n d a b o u t w a y , t h e b o u r g e o i s t h e o r i e s i n v o g u e o n people's c a p i t a l i s m , c a p i t a l i s m u n d e r control, o r g a n i zed, d e m o c r a t i c a n d so o n . T h e b o u r g e o i s r e a c t i o n a r y press has m o r e t h a n once hailed this departure of the social-democrats f r o m t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d i n defense o f capitalism. In a leading article u n d e r the title B u r i a l of M a r x i s m the Washington Post and T i mes H e r a l d n e w s p a p e r w r o t e : 84 y e a r s after its e s t a b l i s h m e n t a t the h i s t o r i c C o n g r e s s a t G o t h a , t h e G e r m a n S o c i a l - D e m o c r a t i c P a r t y i n its C o n gress a t B a d - G o t s b e r g , r e n o u n c e d M a r x i s t i d e o l o g y and, i n fact, ceased b e i n g socialist i n t h e t r u e sense o f t h a t w o r d . I t r e c o n c i l e d itself t o t h e p r i n c i p l e o f free i n d i v i d u a l i n i t i a t i v e , w h e r e v e r t h a t i s p o s sible i n e c o n o m i c life. T h e n e w p r o g r a m s o f the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c parties h a v e c a n c e l l e d out a l l m e n t i o n o f c o n t r a dictions, a n t a g o n i s m a n d class s t r u g g l e , h a v e l e v e l l e d d o w n a l l b o u n d a r i e s b e t w e e n t h e oppressed a n d oppressors, b e t w e e n t h e e x p l o i t e d a n d e x p l o i ters. In place of t h e class s t r u g g l e t h e y p r e a c h the sense o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f m a n i n general. T h u s the p r o g r a m o f t h e German Social-Democratic P a r t y has i t : F r e e d o m a n d d e m o c r a c y i n i n d u s t r i a l society a r e possible of a t t a i n m e n t o n l y if as m a n y i n d i v i d u a l s a s possible raise t h e i r social cons-

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cience a n d express themselves as w i l l i n g to s h a r e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . T h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s u p h o l d the sol i d a r i t y a n d h a r m o n y o f a l l people t h e a t t a i n i n g of t h e i r above classes objective democratic socialism. Since democratic socialism does n o t e n croach u p o n t h e basis o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t o r d e r i n any way, but it is a k i n d of reformed capitalism, it naturally follows that there is no need w h a t soever f o r a socialist r e v o l u t i o n . D e m o c r a t i c socialism, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m , w i l l c o m e about t h r o u g h spontaneous e c o n o m i c e v o l u t i o n , t h r o u g h l i m i t a t i o n o f the p r e r o g a t i v e s a n d p o w e r o f t h e m o nopolist u n i o n s a n d t h r o u g h the a i d o f the c a p i talist state itself. N e v e r t h e l e s s , i n o r d e r t o a t t a i n this i d e a l , i t i s necessary t h a t t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s c o m e i n t o p o w e r a n d the o n l y w a y t o a c h i e v e this i s t h r o u g h e l e c t o r a l c a m p a i g n s t o o b t a i n t h e m a j o r i t y o f votes i n the b o u r g e o i s p a r l i a m e n t . S p e a k i n g h i g h l y o f t h e d e c l a r a t i o n o f t h e socialist I n t e r n a t i o n a l o n T h e a i m s a n d tasks o f d e m o c r a tic socialism, o n e of its leaders, B r a u n t a l , has s a i d t h a t this d e c l a r a t i o n puts a n e n d t o t h e discussions on the d i c t a t o r s h i p of the p r o l e t a r i a t , does a w a y w i t h t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y class w a r a s a m e t h o d t o achieve s o c i a l i s m , a n d rejects a d h e rence t o a n y socialist t h e o r y . T h e social-democrats have severed a l l connections w i t h M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , w i t h the t h e o r y o f s c i e n t i f i c s o c i a l i s m a n d w i t h the m a t e r i a l i s t i c c o n c e p t i o n o f t h i n g s . T h e p r o g r a m o f the A u s t r i a n Socialist P a r t y has i t : S o c i a l i s m i s a n i n t e r n a -

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t i o n a l m o v e m e n t w h i c h does n o t a t a l l d e m a n d an obligatory similarity of views. Regardless of w h e r e t h e socialists d r a w t h e i r p o i n t s o f v i e w , f r o m a M a r x i s t or any other social analysis, f r o m religious or h u m a n i t a r i a n principles they a l l a i m a t a c o m m o n goal. S p e a k i n g a t t h e C o n g r e s s o f the G e r m a n S o c i a l - D e m o c r a t i c P a r t y a t G o t s b e r g , its f o r m e r c h a i r m a n , E . O l e n h a u e r , s a i d the demand to make K. Marx's and F. Engels' polit i c a l p r o g r a m t h e substance o f t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p r o g r a m f o r 1959 i s m o r e a n t i - m a r x i s t t h a n c a n b e i m a g i n e d a n d h e a d d e d , W e c a n not b e u n d e r s t o o d i f w e speak i n t e r m s o f t h e past, w e c a n n o t s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m s o f t o d a y w i t h o u r old conceptions. Present-day social-democracy has not only slipped into positions of philosophic idealism and upholds idealism, b u t tries to f i n d support in. a n d e v e n f u s e e n t i r e l y w i t h its e x t r e m e s t f o r m . r e l i g i o n . T h u s , f o r i n s t a n c e , t h e p r o g r a m s of G e r m a n , A u s t r i a n , Swiss a n d other social-democratic p a r t i e s m a i n t a i n t h a t d e m o c r a t i c s o c i a l i s m has its roots i n C h r i s t i a n ethics a n d d o c t r i n e , t h a t socialism and religion, far f r o m eliminating, are completely at one w i t h each other. S p e a k i n g at the C o n g r e s s o f t h e A u s t r i a n S o c i a l i s t P a r t y i n 1958, t h e a u t h o r o f t h e n e w p r o g r a m , B . K a u t z k y . said: We would like to draw up a program, which w o u l d be fully endorsed by M a r x i s t s and n o n M a r x i s t s a l i k e , b y a t h e i s t s a n d socialist believers in r e l i g i o n a l i k e . A s i m i l a r a t t e m p t to reconcile Christianity w i t h socialism, religious idealist con-

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ception w i t h socialism materialist conception, is made also i n a n i n t e r v i e w g i v e n t o the c o r r e s p o n dent o f t h e I t a l i a n newspaper Unita by G u y Mollet and w h i c h was published in this paper on F e b r u a r y 22 of t h i s year. S u c h , i n g e n e r a l , are the i d e o l o g i c a l v i e w s o f the p r e s e n t social-democrats. W h a t s h o u l d b e stressed i n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n i s t h a t t h e i r p r o g r a m s , as a r u l e , are m o r e l e f t i s t t h a n t h e i r acts. If t h e r i g h t socialists s t i l l t r y , i n w o r d s , t o pose a s s o cialists i n o r d e r t o deceive the w o r k e r s , i n deeds t h e y h a v e l o n g become s t a u n c h d e f e n d e r s o f the c a p i t a l i s t order. B o t h w h e n t h e y a r e i n o p p o s i t i o n as w e l l as w h e n t h e y a r e at the h e a d of b o u r geois g o v e r n m e n t s , o r t a k e p a r t i n t h e m , t h e heads of social-democracy serve to preserve a n d strengthen the b o u r g e o i s o r d e r t h r o u g h a l l t h e i r v i e w s a n d acts. A l l the socialist d e m a g o g y o f t h e s o c i a l d e m o c r a t s has been s h o w n u p b y e x p e r i e n c e . S o cialists h a v e m o r e t h a n once b e e n i n p o w e r , a t the h e a d o f b o u r g e o i s g o v e r n m e n t s b o t h i n E n g l a n d , F r a n c e a n d elsewhere. T h e y are a t t h e h e a d o f o r t a k e p a r t t o this d a y i n the g o v e r n m e n t s o f capitalist countries. A n d w h a t h a v e t h e y d o n e f o r the w o r k e r s , f o r s o c i a l i s m ? T h e y h a v e done n o t h ing but follow Leon Blum's instructions: that b e i n g i n p o w e r the socialists s h o u l d b e f a i t h f u l d i r e c t o r s of c a p i t a l i s t society. Le us d w e l l even briefly on the activity of t h e F r e n c h S o c i a l i s t P a r t y a n d its l e a d e r G u y M o l l e t , w h o has m o r e t h a n once t a k e n p a r t i n a n d even headed the F r e n c h g o v e r n m e n t , a n d w h o m

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the r e v i s i o n i s t s c o n s i d e r a l e f t - w i n g e l e m e n t a n d c o n d u c t h e a r t y t a l k s w i t h . W h e n a t the h e a d o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t , t h e F r e n c h socialists set the dogs loose o n w o r k e r s o n s t r i k e , i n c i t e d t h e o u t b r e a k o f the d i r t y w a r i n I n d o - C h i n a , u n d e r t o o k police repressions a g a i n s t the p e o p l e of o t h e r colonies, c a r r i e d o n t h e f i g h t i n g against the A l g e r i a n p e o ple w i t h m o r e f e r o c i t y , a p p r o v e d t h e N o r t h A t lantic Pact and the re-arming of Western Germany. G u y M o l l e t ' s g o v e r n m e n t s i g n e d the a g r e e m e n t s f o r the E u r o p e a n C o m m o n M a r k e t a n d E u r a tom, i t w a s one o f the o r g a n i z e r s o f the m i litary aggression on Egypt. G u y Mollet's betrayal paved the w a y for personal rule in France and so on and so forth. Speaking of G u y M o l l e t ' s a c t i v i t y e v e n the l a b o u r i t e w e e k l y T r i b u n e w r o t e at the b e g i n n i n g of 1957 t h a t M o l l e t is a d i s g r a c e to F r a n c e as w e l l as to socialism. These are the true features of social-democ r a c y t o d a y . M a n y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f the b o u r geoisie h a v e n o t b e e n w r o n g i n stressing the great role o f t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s i n s u p p r e s s i n g the r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t o f w o r k e r s a n d i n d e f e n d i n g the c a p i t a l i s t order, t h e y h a v e n o t been w r o n g i n s i n g i n g t h e i r praises. T h u s , f o r instance, T. Junilla, director of a capitalist bank in F i n l a n d , has s a i d : In t h e s t r u g g l e t o w i n o v e r i n d u s t r i a l workers spiritually o n l y the social-democrats can serve as a p o w e r f u l f o r c e against the c o m m u n i s t s . I f the s o c i a l d e m o c r a t s lose t h i s b a t t l e , i t m a y very w e l l be the end of democracy in F i n l a n d .

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T h i s is w h y , b e i n g a b o u r g e o i s m e m b e r of t h e c o n s e r v a t i v e p a r t y , I f e e l o b l i g e d to state t h a t we need a u n i t e d , m i l i t a n t s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t y which f i r m l y upholds northern democracy. T h e English bourgeois newspaper F i n a n c i a l Times w r o t e i n t h e s a m e v e i n o n J u n e 28, 1963: . . . t h e i n d u s t r i a l i s t s a r e scared less b y t h e L a b o u r i t e s , a n d some o f t h e m c h e r i s h t h e o p i n i o n t h a t a L a b o u r government w o u l d open up better perspectives for development than the Tories. It is p r e c i s e l y because t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s a r e agents o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e i n the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t t h a t the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s h a v e a l w a y s h a d it clear t h a t w i t h o u t a d e t e r m i n e d s t r u g g l e to unmask a n d smash the social-democrats ideolog i c a l l y a n d p o l i t i c a l l y , the w o r k i n g class c a n n o t w a g e its s t r u g g l e a n d c a r r y i t o n t o v i c t o r y , . . . B o u r g e o i s p a r t i e s of w o r k e r s as a p o l i t i c a l phenomenon, V. I. L e n i n has written, have a l r e a d y been set u p i n all a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t c o u n tries. . . . W i t h o u t a resolute, relentless w a r o n a l l f r o n t s against these parties or, w h a t a m o u n t s to the same thing, against groups, trends a n d a n d so on it is f u t i l e to speak of t h e s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m , o r o f M a r x i s m , o r o f t h e w o r k ers socialist m o v e m e n t ( V . I . L e n i n : A g a i n s t R e v i s i o n i s t s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , page 368). J . V . S t a l i n too, a s a r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d consistent m a r xist, has s t r e s s e d : P r e s e n t - d a y s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i s m is t h e ideological support of c a p i t a l i s m . L e n i n w a s a thousand times right w h e n he said that the p r e sent s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p o l i t i c i a n s a r e t r u e agents

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of t h e bourgeoisie in the workers m o v e m e n t , l a c k eys o f the c a p i t a l i s t class f r o m the w o r k e r s r a n k s and that in the civil w a r of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie they w i l l undoubtedly t a k e sides w i t h the ' V e r s a i l l e s ' a g a i n s t the ' C o m m u n n a r d s ' . No end can be put to capitalism without putting an end to social-democracy in the workers movement. T h e r e f o r e , t h e e p o c h of the d e a t h of c a p i t a l i s m i s a t t h e s a m e t i m e t h e e p o c h o f the death of social-democracy in the w o r k e r s movement (J. V . S t a l i n : W o r k s , A l b a n i a n edition, v o l . 10, p. 242). T h e 1960 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n too, stressing the fact t h a t t h e r i g h t - w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y h a v e a l i g n e d t h e m s e l v e s o p e n l y w i t h the imperialists, u p h o l d the capitalist system, split the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t a n d t h a t t h e y a r e enemies o f communism, called upon the communists to cont i n u e t o expose t h e m . B u t the m o d e r n revisionists, w i t h N . K h r u s h chev's g r o u p i n t h e l e a d , a s renegades a n d foes t o M a r x i s m , act e n t i r e l y a t v a r i a n c e w i t h the teachings of L e n i n a n d Stalin, w i t h the instructions o f t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n ; t h e y p u r s u e the l i n e of joining in and fusing w i t h the r i g h t - w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y . A n d t h i s i s n o t a c c i d e n t a l : social-democrats of today a n d modern revisionists h a v e c o m m o n t h i n g s together, t h e y p r o c e e d i n the same direction and towards a common counterrevolutionary objective.

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Modern Revisionists Have Slipped into the Positions of Social-Democracy Just as the old opportunists a n d reformists b e t r a y e d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the cause o f the w o r k i n g class, of the r e v o l u t i o n a n d of s o c i a l i s m , so do the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s b e t r a y these i d e a l s a n d are p u r s u i n g t h e same r o a d a s t h e i r f o r e r u n n e r s w h o are a t the same t i m e t h e i r s p i r i t u a l i n s p i r e r s . Those w h o have changed are not the social-democrats b u t t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , w h o h a v e f a l l e n into the t r e a c h e r o u s p o s i t i o n s o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y . Rejecting M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the social-democrats c l a i m t h a t p r o b l e m s o f t o d a y c a n n o t b e solved b y o l d concepts. F o l l o w i n g i n t h e i r w a k e , the r e v i s i o n i s t s too, speculate w i t h t h e n e w e r c o n d i t i o n s a n d p h e n o m e n a , a n d , u n d e r t h e guise o f f i g h t i n g d o g m a t i s m a n d u p h o l d i n g the c r e a tive development of M a r x i s m c l a i m that m a n y things today should be looked at w i t h a critical eye, t h a t w h a t w a s r i g h t 30 y e a r s ago c a n n o t be s u c h a n y longer, t h a t a t o m i c w e a p o n s a n d t h e danger of a nuclear w a r makes it indispensable to revise our views a n d stand on m a n y questions o f s t r a t e g y a n d tactics, t h a t h e w h o abides b y t h e basic theses o f M a r x a n d L e n i n i n t h e s i x t i e s o f t h e X X t h century is a dogmatist w h o takes no account o f t h e g r e a t changes t h a t h a v e c o m m e a b o u t i n the w o r l d , a n d h e w h o consults t h e classic w o r k s of Marxist-Leninists in order to analyze and explain the present h i s t o r i c a l process, i s a f f l i c t e d w i t h t h e

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mania of quotations a n d so on and so forth. Hence, M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m i s o u t d a t e d f o r r e v i s i o n i s t s too, it no longer suits the n e w e r conditions, it should b e e n r i c h e d w i t h n e w ideas a n d n e w conclusions. Just like a l l the old opportunists a n d reformists, the r e v i s i o n i s t s too a r e s t r i p p i n g M a r x i s m o f its critical and revolutionary spirit and are attempting to t u r n it f r o m a weapon in the hands of the w o r k i n g class i n t o a w e a p o n i n t h e h a n d s o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e t o b e u s e d a g a i n s t t h e w o r k i n g class. Not t h e class s t r u g g l e b u t t h e s o l i d a r i t y a n d h a r m o n y o f a l l m e n w h o possess t h e sense o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o w a r d s society t h i s is t h e m o t i v e p o w e r o f p r e s e n t - d a y society, t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s m a i n t a i n . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s too h a v e e r a s e d t h e class s t r u g g l e f r o m t h e i r books, a n d i n fact h a v e r e p l a c e d i t w i t h the i d e a o f class r e c o n c i l i a t i o n i n the n a m e o f p r e s e r v i n g peace i n t h e w o r l d , t h e y h a v e r e n o u n c e d t h i s s t r u g g l e i n the n a m e o f s a v ing the w o r l d f r o m the danger of nuclear war, and instead of the class struggle they preach p e a c e f u l coexistence as t h e o n l y m e t h o d to solve a l l the v i t a l problems that stand before h u m a n society. Peace a t a l l costs, peace with all and a b o v e all, c h r i s t i a n l o v e f o r e v e r y b o d y , a b stract h u m a n i s m a b o v e classes, these a r e t h e ideas t h a t the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s p r e a c h f a r a n d w i d e . I n t h e n a m e o f t h i s i d e a l the r e v i s i o n i s t s m a k e c o m o n cause w i t h t h e e n e m i e s o f t h e class, w i t h the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e a c t i o n a r i e s o f v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e i r agents a n d l a c k e y s the r i g h t -

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w i n g leaders, s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c l e a d e r s a n d the T i t o i t e clique, w h i l e , o n the o t h e r h a n d , t h e y f i g h t f u r i o u s l y a g a i n s t a l l those w h o l o y a l l y u p h o l d t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t h e i r M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t i d e o l o g y the c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s a n d a l l the revolutionary communists. T h e social-democrats have long given up the revolution a n d preach that socialism w i l l come about through reforms w i t h i n the framework of the b o u r g e o i s o r d e r o f t h i n g s , o f d e m o c r a c y a n d bourgeois legality. F o l l o w i n g in their tracks, the r e v i s i o n i s t s too h a v e a b a n d o n e d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y way, saying that the w a y to socialism is the w a y to an ever broader democracy, the w a y of observ i n g a n d c a r r y i n g o u t b o u r g e o i s c o n s t i t u t i o n s , the w a y o f r e f o r m i n g structures. J u s t l i k e t h e s o c i a l democrats, t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s too, i d e n t i f y the struggle for democracy w i t h that for socialism, c o n f i n e t h e s t r u g g l e f o r s o c i a l i s m t o t h a t f o r democracy. D r a g g i n g K a u t z k y ' s a n d Bernstein's theories f r o m t h e i r b u r i a l place, t h e y e x p r e s s t h e m selves i n a n d o n l y i n f a v o r o f t h e peaceful a n d parliamentary way, w h i c h they hold up as a w o r l d strategic principle, and t h e y have concent r a t e d a l l the e f f o r t s o n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r votes i n o r d e r t o w i n t h e m a j o r i t y o f seats i n b o u r g e o i s parliaments. T h e social-democrats consider the capitalist state as a state a b o v e classes, as an i n t e r p r e t e r a n d c h a m p i o n of the interests of society as a w h o l e , t h e y a r e opposed t o b r e a k i n g u p t h e o l d b o u r g e o i s state machine, they are opposed to the dictatorship of

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the p r o l e t a r i a t , w h i c h , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m , i s t h e negation of democracy, is a totalitarian rule a n d so on a n d so forth. A n d the revisionists spread t h e i l l u s i o n s t h a t t h e c a p i t a l i s t state m a y change its class n a t u r e , t h a t it m a y b e c o m e a state t h a t w i l l express not o n l y the interests of the b o u r geoisie b u t also those o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d o f t h e l a b o r i n g masses, t h e y s a y t h a t L e n i n ' s thesis o n the i n d i s p e n s a b i l i t y o f b r e a k i n g u p t h e b o u r g e o i s state a p p a r a t u s m u s t b e m o d i f i e d , t h a t t h e d i c t a torship of the proletariat is an out-dated idea, or, a t most, s u i t a b l e o n l y f o r b a c k w a r d c o u n t r i e s , t h a t i t m a y t a k e n o t o n l y v a r i o u s f o r m s b u t also q u i t e a d i f f e r e n t content. B o t h t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s as w e l l a s t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s s l a n d e r against the d i c t a t o r ship of the proletariat a n d describe the entire p e r i o d o f its r u l e a s a p e r i o d o f mass t e r r o r a n d a r b i t r a r i n e s s , as a p e r i o d of b r u t a l v i o l a t i o n of laws, of socialist democracy, and so on a n d so forth. I n t h e i r p r a c t i c a l p o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t y too, t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e p r o c e e d i n g i n the footsteps of t h e t r a i t o r o u s l e a d e r s of s o c i a l d e m o c r a c y . As a m a t t e r o f fact, t h e y h a v e j o i n e d w i t h the e n e m i e s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d o f the peoples w i t h t h e i m perialists a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h the A m e r i c a n i m perialists, a n d w i t h t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s o f v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s . F o r t h e s a k e o f g e t t i n g closer t o i m p e r i a l i s m , f o r t h e sake o f a c h i e v i n g S o v i e t - A m e r i rican collaboration, w h i c h is N. Khrushchev's and his g r o u p ' s h i g h e s t a s p i r a t i o n a n d i d e a l , t h e r e -

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v i s i o n i s t s do n o t hesitate e v e n to b e t r a y the t r u e f r i e n d s a n d allies o f t h e S o v i e t people, the v i t a l interests o f t h e socialist countries, t h e working class, the peoples and nations oppressed and e x p l o i t e d by the i m p e r i a l i s t s . A p r o o f of this lies in such activities of the revisionists headed by Khrushchev's group as their adventuresome and c a p i t u l a t i n g a t t i t u d e i n the C a r i b b e a n crisis, i n t h e i r p r e s s u r e e x t e r t e d o n socialist C u b a t o c a p i t u l a t e t o the A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s , s a c r i f i c i n g its d i g n i t y a n d its s o v e r e i g n t y , i n t h e i r u n i o n w i t h the I n d i a n r e a c t i o n a r i e s against the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a , w i t h the T i t o i t e c l i q u e a n d w i t h Venizelos against the People's Republic of A l b a n i a , i n the i n f a m o u s M o s c o w T r e a t y f o r a p a r t i a l b a n o n n u c l e a r tests, w h i c h i s h i g h t r e a s o n t o the i n terests o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , t o the o t h e r socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d t o peace a n d i n f a v o r o f t h e A m e r i can i m p e r i a l i s t s , as w e l l as in a n u m b e r of o t h e r facts. A n t i - c o m m u n i s m p e r m e a t e s a l l the i d e o l o g y and practical activity of the m o d e r n social-democrats, t h e y s l a n d e r t h e socialist countries and c o m m u n i s t parties, t h e y s p l i t t h e w o r k e r s m o vement, c o u n t e r s c i e n t i f i c s o c i a l i s m w i t h d e m o c r a t i c socialism w h i c h i s n o other t h a n r e f o r m e d c a p i t a l i s m , t r y t h e i r u t m o s t t o p r e s e r v e the capitalist order where it prevails and re-establish i t w h e r e i t has been o v e r t h r o w n . T h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s are also c a r r y i n g o n a n t i - s o c i a l i s t a n d anti-communist activities on a wide scale. N. Khrushchev's group and their followers have

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s p l i t t h e socialist c a m p a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d are s p e e d i n g a h e a d t o w a r d s d e g e n e r a t i n g t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s i n t o docile bourgeois republics a n d the communist and workers parties f r o m parties of social revolution into p a r t i e s o f s o c i a l r e f o r m s . N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s g r o u p d e n y t h e p r o l e t a r i a n class n a t u r e o f the socialist state a n d t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t y , they are l i q u i d a t i n g the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t y i n the S o v i e t U n i o n under the pretext of turning them into the state a n d p a r t y o f the e n t i r e people. T h e revisionists are organizing and reorganizing w i t h a v i e w to c h a n g i n g the f o r m s of m a n a g e m e n t of socialist e c o n o m y a f t e r the p a t t e r n o f T i t o i t e Jugoslavia, violating the Marxist principles of m a n a g i n g socialist e c o n o m y , t h e y b e l i t t l e t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f m a n y y e a r s o f socialist c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n o t h e r socialist countries, a n d c a l l o n a l l t o l e a r n f r o m the e x p e r i e n c e o f the c a p i t a l i s t countries, e s p e c i a l l y f r o m the A m e r i c a n experience. T h e y express themselves i n f a v o r o f a l l - r o u n d c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h the c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , g o i n g as f a r as to s t r e t c h t h e i r h a n d s t o the i m p e r i a l i s t s f o r a i d , c r e d i t s a n d c a p i t a l i n v e s t m e n t s to b u i l d s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m munism, as Khrushchev himself did o f late. U n d e r t h e guise o f f i g h t i n g the c u l t o f the i n d i v i d u a l a n d its consequences, t h e y h a v e done a w a y w i t h the s o u n d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t cadres a n d h a v e r e h a b i l i t a t e d t h e t r a i t o r s a n d e n e m i e s o f soc i a l i s m , l i v i n g o r d e a d . T h e y h a v e f l u n g open t h e

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d o o r o f t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s t o the u n h i n d e r e d penetration of bourgeois ideology, of a l l k i n d s of a l i e n a n t i - s o c i a l i s t t r e n d s a n d m a n i f e s t a t i o n s i n art, letters a n d i n a l l t h e l i f e o f the c o u n t r y , i n t h e n a m e o f f r e e d o m o f conscience a n d o f a n a b s t r a c t h u m a n i t y a b o v e classes. T h i s l i b e r a l a n d h u manist socialism of the m o d e r n revisionists is g e t t i n g closer a n d closer t o t h e s o - c a l l e d d e m o cratic socialism w h i c h the leaders of m o d e r n social democracy preach. T h u s , a l l the g i v e n facts s h o w c l e a r l y t h a t t h e modern revisionists are proceeding along the treacherous t r a c k s o f t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s . T h i s is v e r y clear to the socialist leaders w h o have openly expressed their approval, their joys a n d hopes r e g a r d i n g the t r a i t o r o u s course f o l l o w e d b y N. Khrushchev's group a n d their followers. Here are some of their statements: In a speech to the G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y of t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s a t its last session P . H . S p a a k s a i d : N . K h r u s h c h e v i s t r y i n g t o test p e a c e f u l c o e x i s tence a n d t h e W e s t s h o u l d n o t m a k e i t d i f f i c u l t f o r h i m t o m a k e this e x p e r i m e n t . I t w o u l d b e a terrible and inexcusable mistake to discourage h i m . A t this m o m e n t the f u t u r e l i n e o f d e m a r c a t i o n w i l l not be a n y longer between communists a n d n o n communists, between the colonized and colonizers, b e t w e e n ideologies a n d races. W e a r e w i t nesses o f the s t r u g g l e b e t w e e n those w h o w a i t t h e o p p o r t u n e t i m e a n d i n h u m a n d o c t r i n a r i a n s o n the one h a n d a n d those w h o h a v e h a d c o n f i d e n c e i n progress a n d h a v e n e v e r ceased t o hope, o n t h e

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o t h e r . L e t u s n o t let t h i s g r e a t o c c a s i o n slip f r o m our hands. I n h i s i n t e r v i e w o n F e b r u a r y 24, 1964, the c h a i r m a n of the E n g l i s h L a b o u r Party, H. Wilson, pointed out that he was the first of the Western politicians w h o visited Russia after the death of S t a l i n a n d , o n h i s r e t u r n f r o m there, r e p o r t e d t o W. C h u r c h i l l , P r i m e Minister at that time, that a great change was t a k i n g place in Soviet p o l i tics a n d t h a t t h i s is o f m a j o r i m p o r t a n c e a s r e g a r d s r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n E a s t a n d West. H e i s f u l l y j u s t i f i e d t o b e p r o u d o f his f a r s i g h t e d a n t i c i p a t i o n s w h i c h t o d a y h a v e b e c o m e realities. B e f o r e g o i n g t o M o s c o w w i t h t h e socialist d e legation to talk w i t h K h r u s h c h e v G e r a r d Jacques, director of the newspaper of the F r e n c h Socialist P a r t y stated: We have long given up engaging in polemics w i t h the Soviet U n i o n and a d m i t that this c o u n t r y i s i n t h e f u l l p h a s e o f e v o l u t i o n . . . T h e p r o b l e m s r a i s e d a r e those o f d e m o c r a c y a n d the d e m o c r a t i c g u a r a n t e e s o f t h e s i n g l e p a r t y , o f the r o l e o f t h e socialist p a r t y i n socialist society, of the nature of t h e socialist regime a n d its s t r u c t u r e . T h e a t t i t u d e m a i n t a i n e d b y the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i n the d i v e r gences b e t w e e n M o s c o w a n d P e k i n g t h r o w s a m p l e light on the attitude of this party towards dogmatism a n d political sectarianism. A f t e r his r e t u r n to P a r i s f r o m colloquys w i t h N. Khrushchev, the Secretary General of the F r e n c h S o c i a l i s t P a r t y , G u y M o l l e t , stated t h a t h e became convinced t h a t a p o s i t i v e e v o l u t i o n is

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t a k i n g p l a c e i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , w h i c h , a c c o r d i n g t o h i s w o r d s , w e r e s u m m e d u p i n these m a t t e r s : Admittance of m a n y w a y s to b u i l d socialism, end o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n dictatorship, internal e v o l u t i o n a n d s o on. W h e r e a s i n a n i n t e r v i e w g r a n t e d t h e n e w s p a p e r U n i t a (Feb. 22, 1964), G u y M o l l e t declared: I am convinced that the c o m m u n i s t w o r l d has e m b a r k e d o n the r o a d t o transformation. T h e s e s t a t e m e n t s of the leaders of s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y are a t o n e w i t h the statements m a d e b y the leaders o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d t h e i r s p o k e s m e n w h o also e x p r e s s t h e i r support for N. K h r u s h chev's r e v i s i o n i s t l i n e a n d c o n s i d e r h i m the best f r i e n d o f the W e s t i n M o s c o w . T h e y s a y t h a t The S o v i e t P r e m i e r N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v acts l i k e a n A m e r i c a n p o l i t i c i a n a n d a f f i r m that t h e o f f i cials i n the S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t i n the U S A are o f the o p i n i o n that the U n i t e d States s h o u l d f a c i l itate N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s task to a c e r t a i n e x t e n t a n d so on a n d so forth.

TOWARDS A C O M P L E T E FUSION OF T H E MODERN REVISIONISTS WITH T H E SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS T h e f a l l i n g o f the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s i n t o t h e ideological position of the social-democrats in m a j o r issues constitutes t h e basis of t h e c o m p l e t e a m a l g a m a t i o n o f r e v i s i o n i s t s w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o crats. B y p u r s u i n g t h i s course a n d r e c o m m e n d i n g

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it to communist and w o r k e r s parties of different countries, t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s w i t h N . K h r u shchev's g r o u p i n t h e l e a d , a i m a t c a u s i n g t h e d e generation of the communist parties into reformist parties o f the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c type, a t i m p r e g n a t i n g t h e w o r k i n g class w i t h b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y and reformist illusions, at w e a k e n i n g the r e v o l u t i o n a r y f i g h t i n g s p i r i t o f t h e w o r k i n g class m o v e ment, a n d a l i e n a t i n g i t f r o m t h e o n l y correct r o a d against the capitalist order of oppression and exploitation. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s , of course, do not, as a r u l e , proclaim their hostile intentions openly. T h e y acc o m p a n y e v e r y step t h e y t a k e t o the d e t r i m e n t o f t h e cause o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a n d o f c o m m u n i s m , w i t h d e m a g o g i c a l slogans a n d c l o t h e i t w i t h a l l k i n d s o f j u s t i f i c a t i o n s . T h e i r a n t i - M a r x i s t action o f f u s i n g w i t h s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y too, t h e y t r y t o justify w i t h the pretext that the social-democratic parties too are a l l e g e d l y w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s a n d that the u n i t y o f t h e w o r k i n g class i s e s s e n t i a l i n the struggle against capitalism. Let us dwell in brief on this matter.

Workers Parties or Bourgeois Parties of the Working Class ? A r e the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s r e a l l y a n d truly workers parties? To j u d g e w h e t h e r a p a r t y is a p a r t y of t h e w o r k i n g class o r n o t i t does n o t s u f f i c e t o l o o k a t

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the n a m e i t attaches t o itself. H i t l e r ' s p a r t y too, c a l l e d i t s e l f n a t i o n a l - s o c i a l i s t ! T h e o n l y correct criterion is w h e t h e r or not it defends a n d upholds t h e interests o f t h e w o r k i n g class, w h e t h e r o r n o t i t f i g h t s f o r its cause. A n d i n o r d e r t o e l u c i d a t e this m a t t e r o n e s h o u l d see t o w h o s e a d v a n t a g e are the ideology, p o l i c y a n d a l l p r a c t i c a l a c t i v i t i e s o f t h i s o r t h a t p a r t y . D o n ' t p u t f a i t h i n phrases, L e n i n teaches us, b u t r a t h e r see t o w h o s e b e n e f i t t h e y are ( W o r k s , v o l . 19, p. 33, R u s s i a n e d i t i o n ) . A n d i f w e l o o k a t t h i s m a t t e r f r o m this p r i s m , f r o m the p r i s m o f class, w h i c h i s t h e o n l y correct. M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t c r i t e r i o n , t h e n i t becomes c l e a r t o e v e r y t r u e c o m m u n i s t t h a t the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s are not w o r k e r s parties, b u t t h e y are, a s L e n i n has d u b b e d t h e m bourgeois p a r t i e s o f t h e w o r k i n g class. W e s h o w e d a b o v e t h r o u g h n u m e rous facts, t h a t i n b o t h i d e o l o g i c a l v i e w s , p o l i t i c a l a n d a l l a r o u n d activities, m o d e r n s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y i s n o t h i n g other t h a n , a s L e n i n says, a p o l i t i c a l d e t a c h m e n t of t h e bourgeoisie, p r o m o t e r of its i n f l u e n c e , a t r u e a g e n c y o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e i n the workers movement. F r o m the p o i n t o f v i e w o f its social m a k e - u p . too, t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c parties h a v e u n d e r g o n e a n d a r e u n d e r g o i n g v i s i b l e changes. T h e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s i n t h e i r r a n k s are b e c o m i n g less a n d less a n d t h e number of elements o f t h e p e t t y b o u r g e o i s i e a n d o f the w o r k e r s b u r e a u c r a t s are increasing. T h e m o d e r n reformists have t h e m selves l a u n c h e d t h e s l o g a n the d e p r o l e t a r i z a t i o n o f the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c parties. A n d t h i s h a s been

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expressed in the new programs of m a n y social-dem o c r a t i c parties. T h u s , f o r i n s t a n c e , t h e p r o g r a m o f t h e S w i s s S o c i a l - D e m o c r a t i c P a r t y has i t : A t the b e g i n n i n g s o c i a l i s m w a s the c o n c e r n o f t h e w o r k i n g class w h i c h u s e d t o b e e x p l o i t e d b y c a p i t a l i s m a l o n e . . . N o w s o c i a l i s m i s the c o n c e r n o f a l l m a n k i n d . I t p e r t a i n s t o e v e r y m a n w i t h a sense of r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the w e l f a r e of society. T h i s i s f o r t h e g r o u n d w o r k , f o r t h e masses o f the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s , w h e r e a s a s f a r a s t h e l e a d i n g cadres are c o n c e r n e d , the h i g h e r u p y o u climb in the hierarchy of the social-democratic parties, t h e f e w e r w o r k e r s y o u f i n d i n t h e m . A s a m a t t e r o f fact m a n y s o c i a l d e m o c r a t i c leaders h a v e l o n g become r e a l c a p i t a l i s t s : m a n y o f t h e m t a k e p a r t i n the a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c o u n c i l s o f t h e biggest b a n k s a n d o w n p a c k a g e s o f s o l i d shares, d r a w i n g m i l l i o n s u p o n m i l l i o n s o f d i v i d e n d s each year. T h u s , f o r i n s t a n c e , a c c o r d i n g t o r e t u r n s o f recent years, 410 p r i n c i p a l f u n c t i o n a r i e s o f t h e G e r m a n S o c i a l - D e m o c r a t i c P a r t y o c c u p i e d 929 h i g h p a i d posts i n t h e m a j o r b a n k s a n d c o r p o r a t i o n s of Western G e r m a n y , 62 social democrat personalities w e r e d i r e c t o r s o f t h e f i r m s M a n n e s m a n , K l e k n e r , K r u p p , F l i c k a n d others. T h e s a m e s i t u a t i o n prevails in the other social democratic parties of the W e s t l i k e F r a n c e , E n g l a n d , B e l g i u m , t h e S c a n dinavian countries and so o n . T h i s i s the k i n d o f w o r k e r s ' class t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s represent. T h e m o d e r n r e visionists, w h o a r e t h e m s e l v e s n o t h i n g b u t t r a i t o r s t o t h e w o r k i n g class, h a v e e v e r y r e a s o n t o s t i c k

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the l a b e l o f w o r k e r s ' p a r t y n o t o n l y o n t h e m s e l ves, n o t o n l y o n t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s , b u t also o n any English bourgeois conservative party if such a thing is dictated by their anti-Marxist and anti-revolutionary plan of action. I t i s t h e r e f o r e o b v i o u s e n o u g h t h a t the a r g u ment of the modern revisionists pretending that the social-democratic parties are parties of the w o r k i n g class, is altogether a false one. H e n c e , t h e i r slogan o n the need f o r u n i t y o f t h e w o r k i n g class is d e m a g o g i c a l , a p r e t e x t to j u s t i f y t h e i r u n i o n w i t h the bourgeois p a r t i e s o f the w o r k i n g class. T h e w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t i n a l m o s t a l l the a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s has b e e n split. W h o i s t o b l a m e f o r this s p l i t ? W h o h i n d e r s the a c h i e v e ment of u n i t y of action i n the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t ? T h e 1960 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n p o i n t s o u t that t h e o r i g i n a t o r s a n d p r o m o t e r s o f this s p l i t o n a n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l scale a r e the r u l i n g classes, the r i g h t w i n g l e a d e r s o f social democracy and the reactionary leaders of the t r a d e unions. U n d e r these c i r c u m s t a n c e s , i n o r d e r to realize u n i t y of action in the w o r k e r s m o v e ment, the r e v o l u t i o n a r y M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s are g u i d e d b y the f o l l o w i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n s : a) that unity of action m a y be attained only i n b a t t l e w i t h splitters, t h e r e f o r e t h e y w a g e a r e lentless a n d persistent w a r o f p r i n c i p l e against t h e s p l i t t e r s the t r e a c h e r o u s leaders of s o c i a l - d e mocracy;

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b) t h a t a l l e f f o r t s s h o u l d be c o n c e n t r a t e d to achieve u n i t y o f a c t i o n a t t h e base w i t h t h e w o r k i n g masses o f the socialist parties, t h a t t h e w a t c h w o r d o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s f o r u n i t y o f action c o u l d a n d s h o u l d b e : r e l i a n c e o n the masses, a l l i ance w i t h t h e leftists, uncompromising combat against the t r e a c h e r o u s r i g h t - w i n g l e a d e r s w h o cause t h e s p l i t i n o r d e r t o expose a n d isolate t h e m ; c ) t h a t b y s o l i c i t i n g u n i t y o f a c t i o n w i t h socialists, the communist parties should consider this n o t a s c o l l a b o r a t i o n between two political parties o f t h e w o r k i n g class b u t a s c o l l a b o r a t i o n between a proletarian and non proletarian party in o r d e r t o a c h i e v e s o m e specific o b j e c t i v e s . I n c o n nection w i t h this it is essential to always keep in m i n d a n d s t r i c t l y o b s e r v e L e n i n ' s teachings, w h o has m o r e t h a n once stressed w i t h f o r c e t h a t i t i s essential that, w h e n c o n c l u d i n g a n a l l i a n c e o r a g r e e m e n t w i t h o t h e r m o v e m e n t s f o r this o r t h a t question or objective, the revolutionary p a r t y of the w o r k i n g class w i l l m a i n t a i n its p o l i t i c a l i n d e pendence a t e v e r y m o m e n t a n d i n e v e r y s i t u a t i o n , s o t h a t i t m a y n o t lose sight a t a n y m o m e n t o f t h e basic interests o f the w o r k i n g class i n its f i g h t t o a c h i e v e its f i n a l o b j e c t i v e the t r i u m p h o f socialism and communism. E v e r y departure f r o m Marxist-Leninist positions b r i n g s a b o u t as a consequence the a l i e n a t i o n o f the w o r k i n g class f r o m its r e v o l u t i o n a r y l i n e o f a c t i o n a n d its f a l l i n t o the m i r e o f o p p o r t u n i s m . S u c h i s the a t t i t u d e o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s t o w a r d s u n i t y o f the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t .

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But w h a t s t a n d do the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s m a i n t a i n i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h i s ? T h e y h a v e not o n l y g i v e n u p f i g h t i n g the s p l i t t e r s o f the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t t h e r i g h t - w i n g l e a d e r s of s o c i a l dem o c r a c y b u t , w h a t ' s m o r e , t h e y are a d v o c a t e s o f u n i t y at a l l costs a n d u n d e r a l l c o n d i t i o n s w i t h these t r a i t o r o u s splitters. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s e v e n r i s e a g a i n s t a l l those w h o f i g h t a g a i n s t t h e r i g h t - w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y a n d w h o expose t h e i r betrayal, considering this fight as sectarian, dogmatic, as insolent a n d d a n g e r o u s a t t a c k a n d so o n . B u t everybody k n o w s that social-democratic leaders l i k e S p a a k , G u y M o l l e t a n d others, w i t h w h o m N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s f o l l o w e r s conduct h e a r t y t a l k s a n d t r y t o a c h i e v e u n i t y at a l l costs, a r e s e r v i t o r s a n d agents o f the bourgeoisie, w h o h a v e e v e n b e e n a n d c o n t i n u e t o b e a t the h e a d o f b o u r g e o i s g o v e r n m e n t s i n m a n y capitalist c o u n t r i e s . T h e r e f o r e , u n i t y w i t h these t r a i t o r s i s by no means a u n i t y of the w o r k e r s movement, but a n a t t e m p t a t u n i t y b e t w e e n t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t h e bourgeoisie, f o r s u b j e c t i o n o f the w o r k i n g class t o t h e b o u r g e o i s i e , u n i t y a n d c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h the r e a c t i o n a r y b o u r g e o i s g o v e r n m e n t s pret e n d i n g to be socialist. F o r m e r l y w h e n t h e y h a d n o t yet r e v e a l e d s o o p e n l y t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s features, the m o d e r n r e v i sionists u s e d t o c l a i m t h e y are o p p o s e d t o the r i g h t - w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y , t h a t n o u n i t y w a s possible w i t h t h e m a n d s o o n , a n d they h a d even said a w o r d o r t w o against t h e m . N .

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K h r u s h c h e v , f o r one, s a i d a t the 21st C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n t h a t t h e cause o f u n i t y o f the w o r k i n g class i s h i n d e r e d by imperialist reactionaries a n d their lackeys in the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t s u c h a s t h e a n t i - c o m m u n i s t leaders o f S o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y G u y M o l l e t a n d S p a a k . W e k n o w these leaders o f a n t i - c o m m u n i s m b y n a m e a n d w e d o not rely o n t h e m w h e n w e speak o f t h e u n i t y o f a c t i o n o f t h e w o r k i n g class. Whereas n o w it is the same K h r u s h c h e v w h o conducts h e a r t y c o l l o q u y s w i t h a n d solicits the c o l l a b o r a t i o n o f s u c h a n t i - c o m m u n i s t leaders a s G u y Mollet, Spaak, H. Wilson and their ilk to achieve u n i t y o f the w o r k i n g class! O n e o f t w o t h i n g s must have happened: either G u y Mollet, Spaak a n d C o h a v e ceased t o b e a n t i - c o m m u n i s t s o r N . K h r u s h c h e v h i m s e l f has ceased to be a c o m m u n i s t a n d m a k e s c o m m o n cause w i t h the leaders o f a n t i c o m m u n i s m , s e r v i t o r s o f the i m p e r i a l i s t r e a c t i o n a ries! So f a r there is no sign to prove the first, w h i l e t h e r e are p l e n t y o f facts t o p r o v e the second. R e g a r d l e s s o f t h e d e m a g o g i c a l slogans t h e y m a k e use o f i n o r d e r t o w a y l a y the masses, t h e modern revisionists are not only in favor of u n i t y a t a l l costs w i t h t h e s o c i a l d e m o c r a t s i n c l u d i n g t h e i r t r a i t o r o u s leaders, b u t h a v e g o n e even further, expressing themselves w i l l i n g to c o l l a b o r a t e w i t h t h e m o n a n y basis. T h u s , i n a n a r ticle a p p e a r i n g i n the K o m u n i s t r e v i e w o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n N o . 3 , 1960, we read: U n i t y of action w i t h the reformists, even w i t h t h e s w o r n ones, o n t h i s o r t h a t issue i s a l w a y s

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possible, p r o v i d e d t h e y r e a l l y t r y t o a c h i e v e a n y r e f o r m , b e i t e v e r s o s m a l l , f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f the w o r k i n g class, o f t h e w o r k e r s . W h e r e a s t h e l e a ders o f the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , o n the basis o f a r e s o l u t i o n o f t h e p l e n u m o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e d u r i n g S e p t e m b e r 27 & 28, 1961 r e g a r d i n g c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h t h e socialist a n d o t h e r p a r t i e s , h a v e s t a t e d : W e o n o u r p a r t , are r e a d y t o c o l l a b o r a t e on any basis. (See t h e K o m u n i s t r e v i e w N o . 3, 1962, p. 95). T h u s , s p e c u l a t i n g o n the s l o g a n u n i t y , the r e v i s i o n i s t s s a c r i f i c e t h e p r i n c i p l e s , l e v e l off t h e distinction between communists and social-democrats, t r a m p l e u p o n a n d s a c r i f i c e t h e basic i n t e r e s t s o f the w o r k i n g class. T h i s i s s h a m u n i t y , u n i t y i n f a v o r o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e a n d t h e i r agents i n the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t , w h i c h a i m s a t s u b m i t t i n g the workers movement w h o l l y to bourgeois and reformist influence, at l i q u i d a t i n g the revolutionary s p i r i t a n d the r e v o l u t i o n a r y p a r t y o f t h e w o r k i n g class. T h i s i s h i g h t r e a s o n t o t h e cause o f the w o r k i n g class a n d o f s o c i a l i s m . A l l o f these t h i n g s g i v e r i s e t o a n i m p o r t a n t c o n c l u s i o n : f u l l u n i t y o n s o u n d basis o f the w o r kers movement can and w i l l be achieved through b i t t e r c o m b a t not o n l y w i t h t h e r i g h t - w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l d e m o c r a c y b u t also w i t h the m o d e r n r e visionists, against their dangerous a t t e m p t s to w h o l l y s u b m i t the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t t o the poisonous a n d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y i n f l u e n c e o f social d e m o c r a c y a n d o f its t r e a c h e r o u s r i g h t - w i n g leaders.

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Liquidation of Communist Parties the Goal of the Modern Revisionists Facts go to p r o v e that the hue a n d cry the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s are r a i s i n g a b o u t u n i t y o f the w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t , is n o t h i n g b u t a b l u f f , a demagogical maneuver to cover their tracks. W h e r e as t h e i r t r u e o b j e c t i v e is to cause t h e d e g e n e r a t i o n o f the c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s i n t o p a r t i e s o f t h e social-democratic type, to j o i n w i t h the social-dem o c r a t s u n d e r a n y c o n d i t i o n a n d o n a n y basis a n d t h e n t o l i q u i d a t e the c o m m u n i s t parties, t o a m a l g a m a t e t h e m w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s The social-democratic leaders, who cannot p l e a d i g n o r a n c e of these a t t e m p t s a n d i n t e n t i o n s of the r e v i s i o n i s t s , h a v e d e f i n e d t h e i r s t a n d a n d t h e i r tactics t o w a r d s t h e m i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h this. T h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c leaders p u r s u e the s a m e t w o - f o l d tactics t o w a r d s the r e v i s i o n i s t s a s the A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d the T i t o i t e c l i q u e do. O n the one h a n d , t h e y s i n g praises t o t h e m f o r their revisionist line of action, back t h e m up a n d e n courage t h e m a s allies i n t h e i r b e t r a y a l , i n c i t e t h e m against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d against a l l those t h a t s t a n d l o y a l t o it. T o m e e t the r e v i s i o n i s t s h a l f w a y a n d t o t h r o w dust i n the eyes o f the masses, c e r t a i n s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c leaders, h a v e , e s p e c i a l l y of late, s t a r t e d to speak in t e r m s s i m i l a r to those of the revisionists a n d to m a k e statements in f a v o r o f peace, p e a c e f u l coexistence a n d d i s a r m a ment, t h e y h a v e s o m e w h a t c h a n g e d t h e i r a t t i t u d e

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towards the Soviet U n i o n and towards the c o m m u n i s t s i n t h e i r c o u n t r i e s , a n d s o on. T h i s has, o f course, n o t h i n g t o d o w i t h a n y r e a l , p o s i t i v e , b a s i c change of the social democrats, b u t a m e r e c h a n g e of a t t i t u d e towards the revisionists f o r t h e a b o v e reasons. I t i s e x a c t l y t h i s k i n d o f change t h a t t h e revisionists t r y , i n a d e m a g o g i c a l w a y , t o h o l d o u t as an i n c l i n a t i o n to t h e left of the s o c i a l - d e m o crats, i n o r d e r t o j u s t i f y t h e i r t r a n s i t i o n t o t h e right, t o j u s t i f y t h e i r o w n l i n e o f a p p r o a c h a n d collaboration w i t h them. O n t h e other h a n d t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c l e a ders m a i n t a i n a s u p e r i o r a n d h a u g h t y a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s the s e r v i l e requests a n d appeals o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s f o r a p p r o a c h a n d c o l l a b o r a t i o n a n d d e m a n d m o r e a n d m o r e concessions. A n d w h a t do t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s d e m a n d ? I n t h e i d e o l o g i c a l f i e l d t h e y d e m a n d t h a t the revisionists give up for good the basic principles o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , t h e i d e a o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , the r o l e o f l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e communist party, proletarian internationalism, and s o on, n o t o n l y i n essence b u t also f o r m a l l y . I n the f i e l d o f politics, t h e y d e m a n d f u r t h e r d e m o c r a t i c guarantees, t o l e r a t i o n o f m a n y parties, consequently of bourgeois parties as w e l l , and the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p o w e r a m o n g t h e m i n socialist s t a tes, a change in t h e e l e c t o r a l s y s t e m to a l l o w l i s t s o f c a n d i d a t e s i n c l u d i n g a n t i - s o c i a l i s t elements i n t h e m , etc. T h e y d e m a n d i n o t h e r w o r d s the l i b e r a l i z a t i o n o f the socialist r e g i m e a n d its t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n t o a n o r d i n a r y bourgeois d e m o c r a c y .

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In the economic field they demand abolition of the cooperative system in the countryside, o f t h e o l d forms o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t of economy, in order to proceed towards alignment a n d w i d e a n d a l l - r o u n d c o l l a b o r a t i o n o f t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s w i t h t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d so o n . I n t h e f i e l d o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s t h e y dem a n d f u r t h e r a n d b i g g e r concessions t o w a r d s t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s i n t h e n a m e o f p r e s e r v i n g peace, r e n u n c i a t i o n o f s u p p o r t f o r the r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d n a tional-liberation movements a n d even the sacrifice of the G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c as a c o n d i t i o n o f e s t a b l i s h i n g peace i n E u r o p e . S u c h are the demands put f o r w a r d , for i n stance, b y S p a a k , G u y M o l l e t a n d o t h e r s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c leaders. T h e s e d e m a n d s are as s i m i l a r as t w o d r o p s o f w a t e r t o those m a d e t o t h e r e v i s i o nists b y t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e A m e r i c a n imperialists through Eisenhower, Dulles. Kennedy. J o h n s o n a n d others. The social-democratic leaders are c o n v i n c e d that the revisionists w i l l continue to m a k e further concessions, f o r t h i s i s a n i n e v i t a b l e consequence o f the t r a i t o r o u s l i n e w h i c h the r e v i s i o n i s t s p u r sue. A n d facts g o t o p r o v e m o r e c l e a r l y a s d a y s g o b y t h a t t h e y are not m i s t a k e n i n t h e i r c a l c u l a tions. I n fact, h a v i n g e m b a r k e d o n the r o a d o f d e g e n e r a t i n g the c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s i n t o social-dem o c r a t i c p a r t i e s h e a d e d b y t h e m , the r e v i s i o n i s t s are n o w a t t e m p t i n g t o m a k e t h e n e x t m o v e to complete fusion w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c parties.

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A t the top o f these e f f o r t s stands the r e v i s i o nist troika N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s g r o u p , T i t o ' s c l i q u e a n d the r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e I t a l i a n Communist P a r t y w i t h P. Togliati in the lead. A living example of h o w to proceed along this treacherous r o a d i s t h a t o f t h e leaders o f the I t a l i a n Communist Party. P. Togliati and other revisionist leaders h a v e i m p o s e d o n t h e I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a line w h i c h is opportunist a n d reformist f r o m t o p to b o t t o m , a l i n e t h a t f l a g r a n t l y deviates f r o m the teachings a n d basic p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a l i n e w h i c h has r e p l a c e d the class struggle, the r e v o l u t i o n a n d the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t w i t h the so-called I t a l i a n R o a d t o S o c i a l i s m t h r o u g h S t r u c t u r a l r e f o r m s w i t h i n the f r a m e w o r k o f bourgeois d e m o c r a c y , o f the b o u r g e o i s state above classes, of t h e b o u r g e o i s c o n s t i t u t i o n . A n d this i s n o t a l l . P r o c e e d i n g a l o n g t h e i r a n t i M a r x i s t road, P. Togliati and other revisionist leaders o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y h a v e l o n g been t r u m p e t i n g a b r o a d the indispensability of c h a n g i n g the character, f u n c t i o n s a n d o r g a n i z a tional structure of their party, allegedly to fit the m a j o r political exigencies l y i n g before it and the t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s t h a t h a v e t a k e n a n d are t a k i n g place i n the economic, s o c i a l a n d p o l i t i c a l s t r u c t u r e of the c o u n t r y -with the p r o b l e m s of the s t r u g g l e for socialism in the advanced capitalist countries a n d so forth and so on. J u s t i n w h a t d i r e c t i o n these changes w i l l b e m a d e a n d w h a t t h e i r o b j e c t i v e is, i s m a d e clear b y the D o c u m e n t o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the

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I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y f o r the n a t i o n a l c o n f e rence o n o r g a n i z a t i o n p u b l i s h e d i n t h e n e w s p a p e r U n i t a d a t e d J a n u a r y 9, 1964. In t h i s d o c u m e n t we r e a d : The essential exigency is to look for and a d o p t a s y s t e m of n e w contacts a n d c o n n e c t i o n s a m o n g a l l forces w h i c h accept a socialist p o l i c y a n d f u t u r e i n p e r s p e c t i v e s o t h a t the s e p a r a t i o n existing among the various organizations of the w o r k i n g class m a y b e o r g a n i c a l l y o v e r c o m e a n d t h e basis f o r a s i n g l e p a r t y m a y b e l a i d . I t i s e v e n said that in the light of the struggle against m o n o polist development of the country and in order to d i r e c t t h e l a t t e r t o w a r d socialist d e v e l o p m e n t , w e s h o u l d l o o k i n t o t h e p r o b l e m o f the r e l a t i o n a n d dialogue w i t h the political, democratic catholic m o v e m e n t , w h i c h i s t h e o t h e r m a j o r force, w h o s e s u p p o r t i s essential i n b u i l d i n g a n e w society i n I t a l y . T h e s e theses of t h e l e a d e r s h i p of the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y are the continuation and further c o n c r e t i z a t i o n o f the o p p o r t u n i s t v i e w s e x p r e s s e d l o n g ago b y P . T o g l i a t i . A t t h e m e e t i n g o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o n J u n e 24, 1956 T o g l i a t i s a i d : W e c a n detect, as a m a t t e r of fact, a d r i f t t o w a r d s s o c i a l i s m , a m o r e o r less c l e a r t r e n d t o w a r d s e c o n o m i c r e f o r m s a n d t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s o f the s o c i a l i s t t y p e e v e n i n c o u n tries w h e r e t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s f a r f r o m t a k i n g p a r t i n the g o v e r n m e n t , a r e n o t e v e n a m a j o r f o r c e at t i m e s . . . This situation exists today and assumes s p e c i a l s i g n i f i c a n c e i n those r e g i o n s o f the w o r l d w h i c h h a v e b e e n e m a n c i p a t e d f r o m colon i a l i s m o n l y r e c e n t l y . B u t also i n v e r y a d v a n c e d

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capitalist countries it m a y happen that the w o r k i n g class, i n its m a j o r i t y , m a y v o t e f o r a n o n - c o m m u nist party a n d it cannot be excluded that in such c o u n t r i e s e v e n n o n - c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s based o n t h e w o r k i n g class, m a y e x p r e s s t h e u r g e c o m i n g f r o m the w o r k i n g class f o r a d r i f t t o w a r d s s o c i a l i s m . E v e n where communist parties exist and are strong, t h e r e m a y e x i s t side b y s i d e w i t h t h e m o t h e r p a r t i e s w h i c h m a y h a v e t h e i r basis i n t h e w o r k i n g class a n d a socialist p r o g r a m . T h e t e n d e n c y t o b r i n g a b o u t r a d i c a l e c o n o m i c changes i n a d i r e c t i o n which, in general is that of socialism, m a n y after a l l come also f r o m organizations a n d movements w h i c h d o n o t c a l l t h e m s e l v e s socialist. W h a t i s n e w i n t h e latest d o c u m e n t o f the Central Committee of the Italian Communist P a r t y f o r t h e conference o n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e p a r t y , lies i n the fact t h a t a t t e m p t s a r e b e i n g m a d e t o pass f r o m p s e u d o - t h e o r e t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s t o p r a c t i c a l steps to set up the s o - c a l l e d single o r g a n i z a t i o n o f the w o r k i n g class, i n o t h e r w o r d s the l i q u i d a t i o n o f the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y a s t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d i n d e p e n d e n t v a n g u a r d o f t h e w o r k i n g class. W e h a v e a l r e a d y h a d the o c c a s i o n t o p o i n t o u t t h a t these v i e w s o f the leaders o f t h e I t a l i a n C o m munist P a r t y are not at a l l original, but entirely t h e s a m e as those of t h e T i t o i t e renegates s a n c t i o ned in the p r o g r a m of the Jugoslav C o m m u n i s t L e a g u e a n d a l r e a d y c o n d e m n e d u n a n i m o u s l y b y the international communist movement as profoundly a n t i - M a r x i s t . It is in this revisionist p r o g r a m that we read: The v i e w that communist parties o w n

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a monopoly in every line of development towards socialism, a n d that socialism is expressed by them and through them, is theoretically incorrect and practically v e r y harmful. We read there f u r t h e r : T h e Y u g o s l a v C o m m u n i s t L e a g u e considers i t dogmatic to claim the absolute monopoly of the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y o v e r the p o l i t i c a l p o w e r a s a u n i v e r s a l a n d p e r p e t u a l p r i n c i p l e o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t a n d o f socialist c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e u n i t y o f v i e w s o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y leaders w i t h those o f t h e Titoite clique e x t e n d s n o t o n l y t o this, b u t t o t h e i r e n t i r e l i n e o f action. This revisionist u n i t y was clearly expressed i n t h e j o i n t T i t o - T o g l i a t i c o m m u n i q u e s i g n e d in Belgrade on J a n u a r y 21 of this year, as w e l l as in a leading article by Togliati on his return f r o m a visit to Jugoslavia. D u r i n g this encounter in Jugoslavia Togliati a n d T i t o d i d n o t k e e p i t a secret t h a t t h e y t a l k e d about coordinating their joint activity in spreading t h e t r i u m p h o f the n e w p o s i t i v e course i n t h e communist movement, especially in Europe, a n d in o v e r c o m i n g t h e obstacles i n t h e w a y o f the u n i t y o f the w o r k e r s a n d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t o n t h e basis o f t h i s course. T h e s e t a l k s p o i n t e d o u t a g a i n the s p e c i a l role w h i c h the l e a d e r s o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y have assigned to themselves in the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s m o v e m e n t i n W e s t e r n E u r o p e (let u s r e c a l l t h e t h e o r y o f p o l y c e n t r a l i z a tion, i m p l y i n g , o f course, t h a t one o f the p r i n c i p a l and most attractive centers of direction w o u l d certainly be the Italian C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w i t h Togliati at the head!).

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To achieve t h e i r e n d the t r i u m p h of the n e w course, the d e g e n e r a t i o n o f the c o m m u n i s t parties, t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s w i t h N . K h r u s h c h e v a t t h e head, m u s t needs, f i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t , b r e a k , s u b d u e a n d set m o v i n g t o w a r d s d e g e n e r a t i o n n o t o n l y the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w h i c h T o g l i a t i h i m self i s z e a l o u s l y t r y i n g t o do, b u t a l s o t h e F r e n c h Communist Party, as two major parties in Western E u r o p e . I t i s p r e c i s e l y f o r this r e a s o n t h a t t h e T r o jan Troika N. Khrushchev's group, Tito's clique a n d the r e v i s i o n i s t leaders o f t h e I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y are e x e r t i n g s t r o n g a n d a l l - r o u n d p r e s s u r e o n the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y t o c o m p e l i t t o g i v e u p f o r good t h e L e n i n i s t r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s . D a i l y p r e s s u r e i s also b e i n g e x e r t e d o n the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y b y t h e r i g h t - w i n g socialist leaders u n d e r G u y M o l l e t a s w e l l a s b y the v a r i o u s r e v i s i o n i s t e l e m e n t s i n the r a n k s o f the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y i t s e l f l i k e R a i m o n d G o u y o t a n d others. The French Communist Party is a party with r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s . I t has f o r m e r l y made valuable contribution t o the struggle against v a r i o u s a n t i - M a r x i s t t r e n d s r a n g i n g f r o m the r i g h t w i n g socialists l i k e L e o n B l u m a n d G u y M o l l e t t o T i t o ' s c l i q u e o f renegades. N o w this c r i t i c i s m seems to h a v e been suppressed e i t h e r as a r e s u l t o f obedience t o the c o n d u c t o r ' s b a t o n o r b y the pressure o n the p a r t o f r e v i s i o n i s t elements w h o a r e bent o n l e a d i n g the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y towards the inglorious road of submission to a n t i -

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M a r x i s t d e g e n e r a t i o n , t o the l i n e against w h i c h i t fought. L e t u s take, f o r instance, the lattest d o c u m e n t of the l e a d e r s h i p of the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y the d r a f t r e s o l u t i o n f o r t h e 17th C o n g r e s s o f the P a r t y w h i c h w i l l b e h e l d i n M a y this y e a r . I t i s s a i d t h e r e i n t h a t f o r the sake o f u n i t y a n d c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h the socialist p a r t y , t h e F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y has d o n e m u c h a n d i s w i l l i n g t o d o m o r e , t o s m o o t h t h e obstacles i n the w a y o f this c o l l a b o r a t i o n , t h a t it has g i v e n up the i d e a of a single p a r t y a s a n e s s e n t i a l c o n d i t i o n f o r t r a n s i t i o n to socialism. This idea upheld by Stalin constituted a n a b u s i v e g e n e r a l i z a t i o n o f the s p e c i f i c c i r c u m s t a n c e s u n d e r w h i c h the O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n came about. L a t e r e x p e r i e n c e has p r o v e n that c o m m o n o b j e c t i v e s o f the p a r t i e s r e p r e s e n t i n g the w o r k i n g class o f the cities a n d o f t h e c o u n t r y s i d e , l e a d t o a n e v e r d e e p e r u n i t y f o r t r a n s i t i o n t o soc i a l i s m , f o r b u i l d i n g socialist society. H e r e w e c o m e across a n e w m a j o r concession of principle w h i c h the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y i s m a k i n g t o t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s . T h r o u g h this v e r y serious step the F r e n c h r e v i s i o n i s t s are j e o p a r d i z i n g the v e r y e x i s t e n c e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , t h e y are p r o c e e d i n g t o w a r d s its l i q u i d a t i o n , t o w a r d s its c o m p l e t e f u s i o n w i t h G u y M o l l e t ' s S o cialist P a r t y . T h i s i s a n o t h e r clear p r o o f o f w h i t h e r the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s are l e a d i n g the c o m m u nist p a r t i e s . N o w o n d e r the b i g b o u r g e o i s n e w s p a p e r L e M o n d e greets this s t a t e m e n t w i t h these w o r d s : T h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y f i r m l y rejects the

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idea o f the s i n g l e p a r t y . N o m a t t e r h o w h a r d t h e y m a y t r y t o j u s t i f y t h i s step, h o w h a r d t h e y m a y t r y t o s l a n d e r a g a i n s t S t a l i n , the r e v i s i o n i s t s o f the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w i l l n o t succeed i n c o v e r i n g u p t h e i r b e t r a y a l , the p l o t t h e y are h a t c h i n g u p t o cause the d e g e n e r a t i o n o f the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y i n t o a social d e m o c r a t i c one. J . V . S t a l i n , l i k e a l l consistent M a r x i s t - L e n i nists, has n e v e r d e n i e d t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h o t h e r parties i n t a k i n g o v e r the r e i n s o f state a n d b u i l d i n g s o c i a l i s m . H e h a s n e v e r u n i v e r salized the special h i s t o r i c a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s w h i c h d e t e r m i n e d t h e existence o f a single p a r t y i n the S o v i e t U n i o n . I t i s a n i n d i s p u t a b l e fact t h a t i t w a s p r e c i s e l y i n S t a l i n ' s t i m e t h a t the c o m m u n i s t p a r ties i n v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s o f E u r o p e a n d A s i a , c o l l a b o r a t e d f o r the f i r s t t i m e w i t h o t h e r parties, b o t h d u r i n g t h e r e v o l u t i o n i n o r d e r t o ascend t o p o w e r , as w e l l as after the assumption of power, d u r i n g the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s o c i a l i s m . B u t i t i s c l e a r i n t h e d o c u m e n t s b o t h o f the l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d o f the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , the q u e s t i o n i s n o t w h e t h e r the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y m a y o r m a y not c o l l a b o r a t e w i t h o t h e r p a r ties d u r i n g the socialist r e v o l u t i o n a n d d u r i n g t h e construction of socialism. The question here is that f o r the s a k e o f this c o l l a b o r a t i o n these d o c u m e n t s erase a l l d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s a n d other parties, t h e y d e n y i n fact t h e necessity o f the l e a d i n g r o l e o f t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t y a r m e d w i t h the t h e o r y o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . J . V . S t a l i n h o w e v e r u p h e l d j u s t this i d e a , t h e

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i d e a o f the l e a d i n g r o l e o f the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y , a n idea w h i c h is n o t S t a l i n ' s alone, b u t a b a s i c t e a c h i n g o f M a r x , E n g e l s a n d L e n i n e m a n a t i n g f r o m the h i s t o r i c m i s s i o n o f t h e w o r k i n g class a n d f r o m its M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t i d e o l o g y w h i c h i s the sole i d e o l o g y of scientific socialism. This is clearly emphasized also i n the 1957 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n i n w h i c h w e r e a d : the l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e masses b y t h e w o r k i n g class, w h o s e n u c l e u s i s the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y , d u r i n g t h e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f the r e v o l u t i o n i n this o r o t h e r f o r m , d u r i n g t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p i n t h i s o r o t h e r f o r m i s the g e n e r a l l a w of transition f r o m capitalism to socialism. T i m e w a s w h e n t h e leaders o f t h e F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y bitterly criticised the leaders of t h e I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y because t h e l a t t e r p l a c e d the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y o n the s a m e l e v e l w i t h the o t h e r s o - c a l l e d w o r k e r s parties, a d v a n c e d the necessity o f t h e e x i s t e n c e o f m a n y parties u n d e r s o c i a l i s m a n d d e n i e d the i n d i s p e n s a b i l i t y o f the l e a d i n g r o l e o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y . D e b a t i n g o n these v i e w s o f P . T o g l i a t i & C o , t h e o r g a n o f the C e n t r a l Committee of the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , C a h i e r d e C o m m u n i s m e p u b l i s h e d i n its J a n u a r y 1957 issue a n a r t i c l e b y t h e p r e s e n t m e m ber of the Political B u r e a u of the F r e n c h C o m m u nist Party, R. G o r a d under the title: In connection w i t h the I t a l i a n R o a d t o s o c i a l i s m p o i n t e d o u t t h a t t h e d e n i a l o f the r a d i c a l d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n the communist party and other so-called workers p a r t i e s p e r m e a t e d w i t h t h e i d e o l o g y o f o t h e r classes, w h i c h , t h e r e f o r e , c a n n o t f u l l y r e p r e s e n t the

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t r u e present a n d f u t u r e interests o f the w o r k i n g class, means, i n fact, t o p l a c e the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y o n a l e v e l w i t h n o n - p r o l e t a r i a n parties, t o d e n y t h a t there i s o n l y o n e s c i e n t i f i c s o c i a l i s m w h i c h c l e a r l y d e t e r m i n e s the h i s t o r i c r o l e o f t h e w o r k i n g class, the tactics a n d the strategy, w h i c h enables i t t o c a r r y o u t its m i s s i o n a n d to a d m i t the p o s s i b i l i t y of a r e f o r m i s t ' w a y ' to s o c i a l i s m p l a c e d on a l e v e l w i t h the r e v o l u t i o n a r y w a y . C a h i e r d e C o m m u nisme a t the t i m e l i k e w i s e stressed t h a t t h i s means to slip into positions of K a r d e l j and other J u g o s l a v leaders, w h o h a v e p r o c l a i m e d the S c a n d i n a v i a n s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c w a y a s o n e o f the p o s sible f o r m s t o w a r d s s o c i a l i s m t h u s e r a s i n g t h e r a d i c a l d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n s c i e n t i f i c socialist i d e o l o g y a n d s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c i d e o l o g y w h i c h preaches r e c o n c i l i a t i o n , class c o l l a b o r a t i o n a n d p e a c e f u l i n t e g r a t i o n , i n o t h e r w o r d s , d e n u n c i a t i o n o f socialist aims. T o d e n y the thesis o n the r o l e o f l e a d e r s h i p o f the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y a s a n essential c o n d i t i o n of the t r a n s i t i o n to s o c i a l i s m , to place the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y a p a r t f r o m o t h e r w o r k e r s , socialist parties, as the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s do, m e a n s t o sever a l l connections w i t h t r u e s c i e n t i f i c s o c i a l i s m a n d t r u e socialist ideology, i t m e a n s t o r e n o u n c e the p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r o g r a m o f t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t y a n d t o j o i n a n d fuse w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a tic p a r t i e s o n the basis o f t h e i r a n t i - M a r x i s t p r o g r a m . A n d that's e x a c t l y w h a t t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s are doing. T h e r e w a s a t i m e w h e n the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t

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P a r t y d i d n o t a g r e e w i t h the treacherous, t h r o u g h l y r e v i s i o n i s t l i n e o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y leaders w i t h P . T o g l i a t i i n the l e a d . A r e t h e r e t o d a y a n y d i v e r g e n c e s b e t w e e n the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d t h e r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y ? I f t h e r e are, t h e n w h y d o t h e y k e e p silent about it? W h y d i d the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y f i n d it so easy to attack the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of C h i n a a n d the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a and keep silent towards the Italian revisionists? If there a r e n o n e t h e n w h y doesn't i t s a y o p e n l y t h a t i t i s d'accord w i t h them and that it had been mistaken b e f o r e ? O r i s i t because the c o n d u c t o r ' s b a t o n beats t h a t t u n e ? T o k e e p silent, t o s h u t y o u r eyes t o the t r e a cherous l i n e a n d b e h a v i o r of the r e v i s i o n i s t s s u c h a n a t t i t u d e i s n o t o n l y a n t i - M a r x i s t b u t also d a n gerous. It causes serious d a m a g e n o t o n l y to the Italian Communist Party, w h i c h must be helped to see w h e r e T o g l i a t i ' s r e v i s i o n i s m is l e a d i n g it to, b u t also t o the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y itself, t o the e n t i r e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s are s e r i o u s l y a l a r m e d a t the c a t a s t r o p h e t h r e a t e n i n g the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s parties. T h e y can n o r s h o u l d n o t k e e p t h e i r silence w h e n a group of traitors t r y to lead the communist parties like the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d o t h e r s i n t o t h e abyss, b u t t h e y s h o u l d r a i s e t h e i r v o i c e t o h e l p the g e n u i n e c o m m u n i s t s , m e m b e r s of these parties, to see the danger clearly, to understand w h e r e their present

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r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p i s l e a d i n g t h e m to, before i t i s too late. T h e r e w a s a t i m e w h e n the c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s o f F r a n c e a n d I t a l y w e r e set u p a t the C o n g r e s s e s of Tours and Leghorn, as revolutionary proletarian parties o f t h e n e w type, d e t a c h i n g t h e m s e l v e s f r o m the socialist p a r t i e s o f t h a t t i m e w h i c h h a d b e t r a y e d the interests o f the w o r k i n g class a n d o f s o c i a l i s m , a n d s e v e r i n g a l l connections w i t h the o p p o r t u n i s t s a n d r e f o r m i s t s o f the IInd International a d o p t i n g the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t c o n d i t i o n s a n d p r o g r a m o f the c o m m u n i s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l . N o w w e are w i t n e s s i n g a r e v e r s e process. T h e l i n e of d e m a r cation set a t the T o u r s a n d L e g h o r n Congresses i s being w i p e d o u t . T h e a t t e m p t s o f the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s t o j o i n u p a n d f u s e w i t h those t h e y h a d detached t h e m s e l v e s f r o m t h e t r e a c h e r o u s soc i a l - d e m o c r a t i c leaders b y m a k i n g t o t h e m r e peated concessions, b y r e n o u n c i n g t h e r e v o l u t i o n a ry principles of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , are becoming m o r e a n d m o r e e v i d e n t . T h a t i s w h y the r e v o l u t i o nary communists of Italy and of Franco, as w e l l as those of o t h e r countries, w h o are b e i n g t h r e a tened b y the d a n g e r o f r e v i s i o n i s m , s h o u l d rise u p against these renegades. T h i s is t h e o n l y correct course t o p u r s u e . T h e attacks w h i c h t h e r e v i s i o n i s t 'troika' under N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s leadership, are l a u n c h i n g against t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s parties, are v e r y m u c h l i k e the t r e a c h e r o u s acts o f t h e soc i a l d e m o c r a t s o f the I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l . T h a t ' s w h y the M a r x i s t s s h o u l d d r a w lessons f r o m h i s t o r y , s h o u l d p u r s u e the r e v o l u t i o n a r y w a y s o f f o r m e r

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d a y s i n defense o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y , i n defense of the revolution. O n t h e eve o f its 17th C o n g r e s s t h e F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y finds itself on the horns of a d i l e m m a : w i l l it continue to give b l i n d obedience to the 'conductor's baton a n d a l l o w the revisionist g r o u p i n the l e a d e r s h i p t o p l u n g e i t d e f i n i t e l y o n t h e w a y o f b e t r a y a l , o r w i l l i t b r e a k the c o n d u c t o r ' s b a t o n , correct its m i s t a k e , a n d r e t u r n t o the h e r o i c revolutionary road of Marxism-Leninism? M a n y leaders o f the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y have h u r l e d insolent words and made impudent charges against the P a r t y o f L a b o u r o f A l b a n i a a n d its l e a d e r s h i p . T h i s w e w i l l n o t forget. E v e n t u a l l y , i f n o t today, t o m o r r o w , e v e r y t h i n g w i l l b e settled i n a M a r x i s t w a y . W e are c e r t a i n t h a t those w h o have acted in this m a n n e r w i l l eventually blush w i t h s h a m e . W e are n o t i n d e b t e d t o the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y . Its l e a d e r s a r e i n d e b t e d t o the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a . Nevertheles, we sincerely c a l l on the F r e n c h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y to t u r n t o the w a y o f r e v o l u t i o n , t o the t r u e M a r x i s t - L e n i nist w a y , b e f o r e i t i s too late, f o r the g o o d o f the F r e n c h people, o f t h e F r e n c h p r o l e t a r i a t a n d o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a t . T h e r e i s its place. T h o s e w h o correct t h e i r m i s t a k e s c o m m a n d t h e respect o f o t h e r s a n d e n j o y the s u p p o r t o f t h e c o m m u n i s t s a n d o f a l l t h e p r o g r e s s i v e people o f the w o r l d , w h i l e the traitors are loathed by everybody. T h e y are looked d o w n upon and mercilessly fought by all a s i n t h e case o f K h r u s h c h e v ' s g r o u p , T i t o , T o g l i a t i a n d t h e i r l o y a l c o m p a n i o n s , against a l l the m o d e r n revisionists.

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A STOP SHOULD BE P U T TO T H E TREACHEROUS ACTS OF T H E REVISIONISTS; T H E COMMUNIST PARTIES SHOULD BE PROTECTED! T h r o u g h t h e i r p o l i t i c a l course a n d t h r o u g h a l l t h e i r p r a c t i c a l a c t i v i t y , the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , w i t h t r a i t o r K h r u s h c h e v i n the l e a d , h a v e c r e a t e d a grave situation in m a n y communist parties and in the international communist and w o r k e r s m o vement. T h e y h a v e w r e c k e d t h e i n t e r n a l u n i t y o f c e r t a i n parties i n p a r t i c u l a r a n d o f t h e m o v e m e n t i n general, a n d a r e p r o c e e d i n g posthaste t o w a r d s social-democratic degeneration of the communist parties, a r e t r y i n g t o l e a d the w h o l e w o r l d c o m m u nist m o v e m e n t o n t o a n o p p o r t u n i s t a n d t r a i t o r o u s p a t h . T h i s r e m i n d s one of t h a t p e r i o d w h e n as a result of the d e v i a t i o n of t h e i r leaders, the p a r t i e s o f the I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l s t r a y e d a w a y f r o m the revolutionary path, renounced m a r x i s m , plunged d e f i n i t e l y i n t o the m i r e o f o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e f o r m i s m , degenerated i n t o bourgeois parties of the w o r k i n g class. T h e b e t r a y a l o f the p a r t i e s o f the I I n d I n t e r national w h i c h was expressed clearly especially d u r i n g the F i r s t W o r l d W a r , w h e n t h e y crossed o v e r o p e n l y to the s o c i a l - c h a u v i n i s t i c c a m p , m e t a n d i t c o u l d n o t h e l p meet w i t h the f i r m resistance o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s w i t h L e n i n a t the h e a d . T h e latter, t h o u g h i n t h e m i n o r i t y , e x p r e s s i n g t h e t r u e f u n d a m e n t a l i n t e r e s t s o f the w o r k i n g class, of the l a b o r i n g masses w a g e d a

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bitter struggle of principle for years on end to u n m a s k the t r a i t o r o u s l e a d e r s o f t h e I I n d I n t e r n a tional, to expose the o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e f o r m i s m o f t h e p a r t i e s o f t h i s I n t e r n a t i o n a l , i n defence o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a n d M a r x i s m , f o r the purpose of setting up new revolutionary parties of the w o r k i n g class. It i s i m p o s s i b l e , V . I . L e n i n w r o t e a t t h a t time, to c a r r y o u t t h e tasks o f s o c i a l i s m at the present, it is i m p o s s i b l e to a c h i e v e true internationalist u n i t y of workers, w i t h o u t a thorough break w i t h opportunism, without explaini n g to t h e masses the i n e v i t a b i l i t y of its f a i l u r e . S p e a k i n g o f t h i s s t r u g g l e o f L e n i n , J . V . S t a l i n has w r i t t e n : E v e r y b o l s h e v i k , i f h e o r she i s a r e a l b o l s h e v i k k n o w s t h a t L e n i n p u r s u e d the l i n e o f s e p a r a t i o n , o f b r e a k i n g w i t h the o p p o r t u n i s t s i n the Social-Democratic P a r t y of Russia, as w e l l as in the I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l , e s p e c i a l l y i n the G e r m a n s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y , l o n g b e f o r e the w a r , a p p r o x i m a t e l y b e g i n n i n g w i t h 1903 & 1904 w h e n the B o l s h e vik group was formed in Russia and w h e n leftist e l e m e n t s a p p e a r e d f o r the f i r s t t i m e i n G e r m a n Social Democracy. (Stalin: Works, A l b a n i a n edit i o n , v o l . 13, p. 83). This f i r m struggle of principle by L e n i n and other revolutionary communists to s m a s h the o p p o r t u n i s t s a n d t r a i t o r s o f the I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l ideologically and politically, led to further major v i c t o r i e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d o f the w o r l d r e volutionary movement, it was crowned w i t h the t r i u m p h of the G r e a t October Socialist Revolution in Russia, w i t h the setting up of n e w revolutionary

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parties o f t h e n e w t y p e , a n d w i t h t h e f a i l u r e o f t h e I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d its r e p l a c e m e n t b y t h e I I I r d Communist International. T o d a y too the b e t r a y a l o f t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o nists, w h o h a v e d e p a r t e d f o r good f r o m M a r x i s m - L e nism, f r o m the principles of the revolutionary p r o letarian p a r t y a n d f r o m the v i t a l interests of the r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r o l e t a r i a t a n d o f the b r o a d masses of w o r k e r s , h a s m e t a n d c o u l d n o t h e l p meet w i t h the f i r m resistance a n d s t r u g g l e o f p r i n c i p l e o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y communists. This is a battle of m a j o r historical significance, a b a t t l e w h i c h c o n c e r n s t h e f u t u r e of the w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t , a b a t t l e i n defense o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m , i n defense o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m against nationalism a n d chauvinism, in defense o f t h e socialist o r d e r a g a i n s t l i b e r a l b o u r g e o i s degeneracy, i n defense o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s a g a i n s t s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c degener a t i o n , i n defense o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t u n i t y o f the c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s , o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d o f t h e socialist c a m p , a g a i n s t revisionist splitters. J u s t a s t h e classic w r i t e r s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and the experience of the communist mov e m e n t teaches us, the o n l y r i g h t w a y t o r e s p o n d t o the c h a l l e n g e o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s i s t o m u s ter a l l t h e e f f o r t s o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s f o r a d e termined uncompromising struggle against the rev i s i o n i s t renegates. T h e b l o w s a n d p r e s s u r e s o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s , f o r e i g n a n d i n t e r n a l , c a n n o t b e

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w a r d e d off b y p u r s u i n g a v a c i l l a t i n g c e n t r i s t l i n e , nor by preoccupying ourselves w i t h m a i n t a i n i n g a false a n d f o r m a l u n i t y a l o n e . T h e p a r t y c a n n o t b e rescued b y sobs a n d sighs n o r s h o u l d i t b e s a c r i f i c e d f o r the s a k e o f s a v i n g t h e prestige o f a n y one, a t a t i m e w h e n t h i s prestige i s b e i n g u n s c r u p u l o u s l y u t i l i z e d t o b u r y t h e g r e a t cause o f t h e w o r k i n g class a n d o f s o c i a l i s m . N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s group has led the leaders of m a n y c o m m u n i s t parties into a b l i n d alley. He has u r g e d t h e m t o i g n o r e t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y past o f t h e Communist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n and of their o w n parties, t h r o u g h false slanders against Stalin, h e h a s p u t t h e o l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y leaders w h o h a v e a b r i l l i a n t past t o t h e i r credit, i n a n e m b a r r a s s i n g position. M a n y of them fell a v i c t i m to K h r u s h chev's l i n e o f peace a n d coexistence, w h i c h has now been clearly p r o v e d to be an anti-Leninist line, a l i n e o f g e t t i n g closer t o a n d c o l l a b o r a t i n g w i t h t h e e n e m i e s o f peace a n d o f s o c i a l i s m the i m p e r i a l i s t s . T h e t r a g i c t h i n g a b o u t some o f t h e m i s t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e y h a v e got w i s e to a n u m b e r of things, a l t h o u g h t h e y see t h a t the l i n e o f N . K h r u shchev's g r o u p is a revisionist line fraught w i t h errors, nevertheless they do not f i n d enough M a r x i s t c o u r a g e t o t e l l t h e m s e l v e s : H a l t ! T h e y d o not conduct themselves towards this matter as it befits them, as revolutionary Marxist-Leninists. T h e y t r y t o save t h e p a r t y i n t h e r e v i s i o n i s t l i n e w h i c h i s m o r t a l t o it. T h e y t r y f e e b l y t o j u s t i f y t h i s r o a d , o f w h i c h t h e y n u r t u r e d o u b t s a n d a r e not i n c o m plete a g r e e m e n t , s o m e t i m e s e v e n t a l k i n g i n n a r r o w

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c i r c l e s a b o u t differences t h e y h a v e w i t h N . K h r u s h chev. B u t that's a l l t h e y do, t h e y g o n o f u r t h e r , t h e y d o n o t t a k e h e a r t a n d b r i n g these m a t t e r s u p for discussion in their parties in a M a r x i s t - L e n i n ist w a y . T h e y a g r e e t o t a k i n g u p a n d d i s c u s s i n g m a t e r i a l s sent t o t h e m b y N . K h r u s h c h e v , b u t they a r e a f r a i d t o discuss i n t h e i r p a r t y d o c u m e n t s a n d w r i t t e n m a t e r i a l s of other parties. A b i g s t r u g g l e takes p l a c e i n t h e i r i n n e r m o s t conscience. N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s g r o u p too, a r e a t w o r k ; t h e y h a v e w o n o v e r m a n y adherents in the leadership of m a n y o t h e r parties, w h o e x e r t pressure, b l a c k m a i l a n d o t h e r m a n e u v e r s t o subject t h e i r p a r t i e s t o t h e conductor's b a t o n . F o l l o w i n g i n N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s tracks m a n y communist p a r t y leaders have entered into a b l i n d alley w i t h their political stand. It is o f course r i g h t t o w a r d o f f t h e d a n g e r t h a t comes t o w o r l d peace f r o m w e s t e r n G e r m a n m i l i t a r i s m and f r o m the imperialist B o n n - P a r i s axis, but it is altogether incorrect a n d a n t i - M a r x i s t to give up the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m w h i c h i s the m a i n force o f w a r a n d aggression, the b a s t i o n o f w o r l d reaction, t h e greatest i n t e r n a t i o n a l g e n d a r m e a n d e x p l o i t e r , the greatest e n e m y o f the peoples o f the w o r l d , a s t h e 1960 M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n has c a l l e d it, u n d e r this p r e t e x t . I t i s correct a n d M a r x i s t t o f i g h t a g a i n s t p e r s o n a l p o w e r a n d its c o n sequences, b u t i t i s a l t o g e t h e r a n t i - M a r x i s t t o f o l low blindly N. Khrushchev's pro-American policy a n d n o t to t a k e a d v a n t a g e of the s p l i t t h a t is becoming ever deeper in the imperialist camp. We know w h y this attitude is maintained. Of

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course, t h e b a n d m a s t e r h a s s t r u c k t h a t t u n e . B u t e v e n t u a l l y , i f this ' c o n d u c t o r y ' f l i r t s w i t h personal power for adventuresome, anti-Marxist intentions, w h a t w i l l h a p p e n ? O r i s t h e b a n d m a s t e r training other musicians to open the w a y to new adventures? The revisionist camp is in a critical situation. Its s h i p h a s split, w a t e r i s g u s h i n g i n a n d i t i s foundering. N. Khrushchev's group are t r y i n g their best t o a v e r t t h e catastrophe. T o s i d e t r a c k f u r t h e r e x p o s u r e t h e y are r a i s i n g a h u e a n d c r y a b o u t stopping polemics w h i c h they themselves started and w h i c h they f o r m e r l y considered f u l l y justifiable, necessary a n d L e n i n i s t . B u t u n d e r p r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n s , t o stop p o l e m i c s w o u l d m e a n t o e v e r y t r u e M a r x i s t a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y t o j o i n w i t h the t r a i t o r s , t o create f a c i l i t i e s f o r t h e m t o distort a n d destroy M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . In his attempt to m i s l e a d people, N . K h r u s h c h e v s w e a r s b y u n i t y . B u t the t r u e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d consistent c o m m u n i s t s w i l l n o t b e d e c e i v e d b y a d v e n t u r e r s , demagogues and splitters! R e v o l u t i o n a r y communists observe w i t h f i d e l i t y great L e n i n ' s teachings, w h i c h s a y : U n i t y is a great issue a n d a m a j o r s l o g a n . B u t t h e cause of t h e w o r k e r s d e m a n d s unity of Marxists n o t u n i t y o f M a r x i s t s w i t h o p p o n e n t s a n d those who distort Marxism (Lenin: Works, v o l . 20, p. 211, R u s s i a n e d i t i o n ) . N o w it has bec o m e clear t h a t N . K h r u s h c h e v a n d h i s g r o u p r e p r e s e n t j u s t these o p p o n e n t s a n d d i s t o r t e r s of M a r x i s m i n the present c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . N . K h r u s h c h e v , o n h i s p a r t , c o n t i n u e s i n h i s hos-

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tile w o r k s p l i t t i n g b y d i v e r s e f o r m s , t h r o u g h r e g i o n a l meetings, b i - p a r t i t e p o w - w o w s , d i c t a t i n g n e w i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d tasks w i t h a v i e w t o c o m p r o m i s i n g a n d l e a d i n g o t h e r p a r t i e s a n d t h e i r leaders f u r t h e r ahead towards revisionism and betrayal. It is h i g h t i m e f o r e v e r y b o d y t o stop a n d t h i n k , n o t t o o b e y t h e c o n d u c t o r ' s baton, t o o f f e r r e s i s t a n c e t o t h e t r a i t o r s i n o r d e r t o d e f e n d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the socialist c a m p a n d t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , i n o r d e r t o d e f e n d t h e g r e a t r e v o l u t i o n a r y cause o f t h e w o r k i n g class. I t behooves a l l c o m m u n i s t s t o m u s t e r a l l e f forts a n d f i g h t the imperialists headed by the A m e r i c a n imperialists. A n d the struggle against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m is a c o n s t i t u e n t p a r t of t h e s t r u g g l e against i m p e r i a l i s m , f o r i t i s t h e o f f s p r i n g and a l l y of imperialism, the manifestation in theory and practice of bourgeois ideology, imperialism's T r o j a n horse i n t h e socialist c a m p a n d t h e i n ternational communist movement. Great Lenin's words sound more contemporary than ever today when he said that without w a g i n g a f i r m a n d consistent s t r u g g l e against o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e visionism, no successful struggle can be w a g e d against i m p e r i a l i s m . W i t h o u t e x p o s i n g a n d s m a s h i n g r e v i s i o n i s m , n o r e v o l u t i o n c a n b e effected, n o socialism and no c o m m u n i s m can be upheld and successfully built. W e a r e f u l l y c o n f i d e n t that, j u s t a s i n the past, the present f i g h t a g a i n s t m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , h e a ded b y N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s g r o u p , w i l l b e c r o w n e d w i t h the f u r t h e r success o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , o f

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socialism a n d of the international revolutionary m o v e m e n t . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s w i l l n o t succeed i n the t u r n i n g h i s t o r i c a l r e v o l u t i o n a r y process b a c k w a r d s . W e are witnesses t o the fact t h a t the r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e being more and more exposed and discredited in their o w n countries as w e l l as in the international communist movement, they are meeting w i t h defeat a f t e r defeat, w h i l e the r a n k s o f the p a r t i e s l o y a l t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d those o f the r e v o lutionary communists are increasing and becoming stronger, t h e i r f i g h t a g a i n s t t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o nists more a n d more intensive. T h e complete defeat o f r e v i s i o n i s m a n d t h e t r i u m p h o f M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m are i n e v i t a b l e .

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REVOLUTIONARY MARXISM-LENINISM WILL TRIUMPH IN A EUROPE PREGNANT WITH REVISIONISM

R e p r o d u c e d f r o m the Z r i i P o p u l l i t daily, d a t e d J a n u a r y 6 , 1965

E u r o p e i s t h e c r a d l e a n d one o f t h e c h i e f centers o f c a p i t a l i s m . B u t i t i s a t the s a m e t i m e the cradle of the revolutionary movement of the w o r k i n g class. E u r o p e i s t h e p l a c e w h e r e the m o s t p r o m i n e n t teachers of the proletariat, Marx, Engels, L e n i n a n d Stalin, carried on their revolutionary activities. T h e E u r o p e a n w o r k e r and c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a s w e l l a s the w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t as a w h o l e , h a v e t r a v e l l e d a g l o r i o u s p a t h f r o m the t i m e t h e C o m m u n i s t M a n i f e s t o w a s h e r a l d e d t o t h e F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l , f r o m the P a r i s C o m m u n e t o the f i r s t R u s s i a n r e v o l u t i o n a n d t h e Great October Socialist Revolution, f r o m the T h i r d International to the t r i u m p h o f s o c i a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t o the w a r a g a i n s t f a s c i s m i n S p a i n , f r o m the h i s t o r i c v i c t o r y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d other peoples i n t h e S e c o n d W o r l d W a r t o the t r i u m p h o f the r e v o l u t i o n i n a n u m b e r o f c o u n t r i e s w h i c h e m b a r k e d on the road to socialism. The revolutionary traditions and achievements o f the E u r o p e a n w o r k e r a n d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t are b r i l l i a n t i n d e e d . T h r o u g h these t r a d i t i o n s a n d achievements a n d operating in the m a i n and most v i t a l centers o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m , o f w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m , i n its v e r y heart, i t h a s p l a y e d a n d c o n -

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t i n u e s t o p l a y a m a j o r r o l e i n the w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t , it has e x e r t e d a p o w e r f u l i n f l u e n c e o n a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r y processes o f o t h e r c o n t i n e n t s . B y d e a l i n g a d i r e c t b l o w t o i m p e r i a l i s m i n its rear, the E u r o p e a n r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t has m a d e i t easier f o r peoples o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s t o f i g h t f o r n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n a n d social e m a n c i p a t i o n a n d has s p e d u p the l a t t e r s ' v i c t o r y o v e r i m p e r i a l i s m a n d reaction. B u t t h i s i s o n l y one side o f the w o r k e r a n d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i n E u r o p e . H i s t o r y has gone t o p r o v e t h a t besides b e i n g the m a i n b a s t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m a n d w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m , E u r o p e together w i t h N o r t h A m e r i c a , h a v e a t the same t i m e been the c r a d l e o f o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m w i t h i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t . E u r o p e has g i v e n b i r t h t o a n d s p r e a d most v a r i e d c u r r e n t s o f a n t i - M a r x i s m t h r o u g h the B a k u n i s t s , P r o u d h o n i s t s , Lassallists a n d Fabianists w h o m M a r x and Engels f o u g h t d u r i n g t h e i r l i f e time, t h r o u g h B e r n s t e i n i s t s , Kautzkyites, Legal Marxists, Economists, m e n s h e v i k s , essers, e m p i r i o c r i t i c s , a n a r c h i s t t r a d e u n i o nists, w h o m L e n i n f o u g h t w i t h u n i q u e d e t e r m i n a tion and through the Trotskyites, Bukharinites, T i t o i t e s a g a i n s t w h o m S t a l i n w a g e d a m a j o r battle. The Senile Disease of Rightism in the Present European Worker and Communist Movement E u r o p e has a l w a y s been an arena of bitter battle b e t w e e n r e v o l u t i o n a r y M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m . T h e e x a m p l e set

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b y E u r o p e has b e e n the best p r o o f t h a t the f u n d a m e n t a l l a w of development of the communist and w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t e v e r y w h e r e i s the contest b e t w e e n o p p o s i t e s : w h e r e t h e r e is a r e v o l u t i o n t h e r e is also a c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , w h e r e M a r x i s m p r e v a i l s t h e r e a r e also m a n i f e s t a t i o n s , o v e r t o r secret, o f a n t i - M a r x i s t trends, w h e r e o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m raise t h e i r heads, the b a t t l e o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y M a r x i s t s a g a i n s t t h e m i s i n e v i t a b l e . E v e r since the a d v e n t o f M a r x i s m this b a t t l e has been w a g e d c e a selessly i n t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t i n E u r o p e . I t i s i n this b i t t e r a n d p r o t r a c t e d f i g h t t h a t t h e r a n k s o f the E u r o p e a n c o m m u n i s t s h a v e been t e m p e r e d a n d steeled a n d i t i s i n this s t r u g g l e that the European communist and w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t has come o f f e v e r s t r o n g e r a n d has f o r g e d f u r t h e r ahead, a t t a i n i n g m a j o r successes a n d s c o r i n g major victories. B u t the contest o f o p p o s i t e s b e t w e e n M a r x i s m Leninism and opportunism and revisionism continues. T o d a y i t has b e c o m e m o r e b i t t e r t h a n ever. T h e f o r m e r a n t i - M a r x i s t t r e n d s are m a n i f e s t e d t o d a y by modern revisionism, particularly by Khrushchev i t e r e v i s i o n i s m . A s a d i r e c t c o n t i n u a t i o n o f a l l the r e v i s i o n i s t a n d o p p o r t u n i s t t r e n d s o f the past, K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m has t o d a y b e c o m e the greatest m e n a c e e v e r r e c o r d e d i n the h i s t o r y o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d has caused a n d i s c a u s i n g i t g r e a t d a m a g e . T h e great d a n g e r o f this r e v i s i o n i s m lies i n t h e fact t h a t i t has m a n i fested i t s e l f i n t h e oldest a n d m o s t i n f l u e n t i a l p a r t y i n the w o r l d , i n the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y f o u n d e d b y

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L e n i n , t h a t i t has i n f e c t e d the f i r s t a n d m o s t p o w e r f u l socialist c o u n t r y i n t h e w o r l d , the S o v i e t U n i o n , a n d that, h o l d i n g the r e i n s o f state i n t h e i r h a n d s , t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s u s e a l l t h e m e a n s o f t h e socialist state t o f u r t h e r t h e i r a i m s . K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m , assisted i n a p o w e r f u l w a y b y its predecessor T i t o i s m , h a s n o w s p r e a d f a r a n d w i d e . T h i s r e v i s i o n i s m has g a i n e d ground first a n d foremost in Europe a n d N o r t h A m e r i c a , w h e r e t h e leaders o f m a n y c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, h a v i n g b e t r a y e d t h e r e v o l u tionary traditions of the E u r o p e a n communist and workers' movement, have plunged into the pit of o p p o r t u n i s m , p u r s u e a course w h i c h i s a n t i - M a r x i s t f r o m t o p t o b o t t o m , h a v e m a d e c o m m o n cause w i t h the e n e m i e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d h a v e l a u n ched a n assault o n t h e v e r y basis o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d o n a l l those p a r t i e s w h i c h f a i t h f u l l y a b i d e by it and fight against m o d e r n revisionism. Europe became pregnant w i t h m o d e r n r e v i sionism immediately following the Second W o r l d W a r . A l a r m e d a t t h e v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m a n d a t the g r o w t h o f the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d a t the i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n of the national-liberation w a r o f t h e oppressed peoples, t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l bourgeoisie, h e a d e d b y t h o s e o f the U S A , l a u n c h e d a r e l e n t l e s s f r o n t a l attack for the purpose of m a i n t a i n i n g and e x t e n d i n g t h e i r s w a y o v e r the w o r l d . I t w a s t o t h i s e n d that they elaborated their p l a n of all-round p o l i tical, i d e o l o g i c a l , e c o n o m i c a n d m i l i t a r y p r e s s u r e o n t h e socialist countries, o n t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d

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I n o r d e r t o c a r r y out t h e i r s t r a t e g i c p l a n the i m p e r i a l i s t s h e a d e d b y those o f the U S A p l a c e d the economy of their countries on a militaristic basis, g a v e a n u n p r e c e d e n t e d i m p e t u s t o the a r m a m e n t race, set u p a g g r e s s i v e m i l i t a r y b l o c k s , b u i l t a w i d e n e t w o r k o f m i l i t a r y sea, l a n d a n d a i r bases in various countries of the w o r l d , e m b a r k e d on a n u m b e r o f aggressive acts a s i n K o r e a , V i e t N a m , E g y p t , the C o n g o , A l g e r i a , H u n g a r y a n d elsewhere, m a d e e x t e n s i v e use o f a t o m i c blackmail, taking advantage of their monopoly and temporary atomic superiority. I n t h e e c o n o m i c f i e l d the A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s e n a c t e d the T r u m a n D o c t r i n e a n d the M a r s h a l Plan w i t h a v i e w to enslaving the E u r o p e a n countries, f i r s t , e c o n o m i c a l l y u n d e r t h e g u i s e o f the s o - c a l l e d A m e r i c a n aid a n d t h e n p o l i t i c a l l y ; t h e y set up a s t r i c t e c o n o m i c b l o c k a d e against the s o c i a l ist c o u n t r i e s , t h e y b r u t a l l y interfered in various w a y s i n a l l c o u n t r i e s o f the w o r l d f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f r e p l a c i n g the o l d c o l o n i a l i s t s w i t h t h e A m e r i c a n neo-colonialists everywhere. In the ideological field they launched a frenzied c a m p a i g n o f a t t a c k s a n d s l a n d e r s against t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d socialist c o u n t r i e s , a g a i n s t t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s a n d a l l t h e d e m o c r a t i c forces, a c c o m panied by a lot of demagogy on the superiority o f t h e w e l l o r g a n i z e d a n d d e m o c r a t i c people's c a p i t a l i s m , on the state of g e n e r a l w e l f a r e , a n d

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b y fascist a n d d i c t a t o r i a l m e t h o d s , p e r s e c u t i n g c o m m u n i s t s a n d thus p r e v e n t i n g the c o m m u n i s t parties from strengthening their rear guard. T h e u p s h o t o f t h i s a l l - r o u n d p r e s s u r e b y the i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o u r g e o i s i e is r e v i s i o n i s m as a m a n i festation of bourgeois ideology in the communist movement. Imperialism supports and gives a l l r o u n d a i d t o this p r o d u c t o f i t s o w n m a k i n g i n order to undermine and smash the revolutionary m o v e m e n t of the w o r k i n g class. E x p e r i e n c e has shown that the more victories the revolutionary m o v e m e n t , s o c i a l i s m , scores, t h e s t r o n g e r its p o s i t i o n a n d its p o w e r g r o w s , the m o r e t h e b o u r g e o i s i e rely on the method of u n d e r m i n i n g the communist and workers' movement f r o m within, on aiding a n d s u p p o r t i n g o p p o r t u n i s m . M o r e o v e r , the m o r e gains the M a r x i s t s score a g a i n s t t h e i r i d e o l o g i c a l enemies i n t h e r a n k s o f t h e w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , t h e m o r e r e f i n e d a n d c a m o u f l a g e d the o p p o r t u n i s t s become, t a k i n g t h e s h a p e o f d i s t o r t e d M a r x i s t s , the shape of revisionists. In order to encourage a n d s p r e a d o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m , the b o u r geoisie o f the advanced capitalist countries in Europe and A m e r i c a have resorted to two tactical methods: that of open violence, of denying a l l l e n i ency, a l l r e f o r m s a n d a l l l e g i t i m a t e d e m o c r a t i c institutions, as w e l l as t h a t of l i b e r a l i z a t i o n , of g r a n t i n g p o l i t i c a l rights, o f r e f o r m s a n d concessions i n o r d e r t o create r e f o r m i s t a n d o p p o r t u n i s t i l l u s i o n s . I n r e g a r d t o t h i s L e n i n has e m p h a s i z e d :

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The bourgeoisie often attain their goal f o r a c e r t a i n p e r i o d o f . . . t h r o u g h the p o l i c y of 'liberalization', which, according to P a n n e k u k u ' s j u s t o b s e r v a t i o n , is a m o s t c u n n i n g policy. P a r t of the workers, part of their r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , a r e a t t i m e s m i s l e d b y these concessions, w h i c h a r e i n fact o n l y s o i n appearance. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s c o n s i d e r the class s t r u g g l e as outdated, or p u r s u e a p o l i c y w h i c h r e a l l y leads t o i t s n e g a t i o n . T h e s t r a t a g e m s of b o u r g e o i s tactics l e a d to the s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f r e v i s i o n i s m i n the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t a n d o f t e n succeed i n t u r n i n g the d i f f e r e n c e s w i t h i n its r a n k s i n t o a d i r e c t split. (V. I . L e n i n , A g a i n s t R e v i s i o n i s m A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n page 122). T h e post-war economic circumstances have been of great h e l p to the m o n o p o l i s t b o u r g e o i s i e of the U S A a n d o t h e r m a j o r c o u n t r i e s o f E u r o p e i n p u r s u i n g t h i s tactic. A s f a r a s N o r t h A m e r i c a is c o n c e r n e d it is a k n o w n fact t h a t it i n c u r r e d n o losses i n the w a r . O n the c o n t r a r y , the U S A p r o f i t e d f r o m the w a r a n d its d e v a s t a t i o n i n E u r o p e d e v e l o p i n g p r o d u c t i o n a n d r e a l i z i n g colossal gains. W h e r e a s the E u r o p e a n c a p i t a l i s t countries, despite t h e i r d e p e n d e n c e o n the U S A , b e g a n t o p i c k u p s t r e n g t h , t o p u t t h e i r p r o d u c t i v e forces, d e m o l i s h e d b y the w a r , b a c k o n t h e i r feet a g a i n a n d t o d e v e l o p t h e i r e c o n o m y u t i l i z i n g f o r this p u r p o s e s u c h f a c t o r s as the m i l i t a r i z a t i o n of the e c o n o m y a n d the a r m a m e n t race, e c o n o m i c e x p a n s i o n a b r o a d ,

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r e n e w a l o f t h e basic c a p i t a l , t h e use o f m o d e r n technique, i n c r e a s i n g the e x p l o i t a t i o n o f the w o r k ers, p l u n d e r i n g o t h e r peoples, a n d s o o n . T h i s f a v o r a b l e e c o n o m i c c o n j u n c t u r e , based e n t i r e l y o n t e m p o r a r y factors, e n a b l e d t h e b o u r g e o i s i e i n E u r o p e a n d i n N o r t h A m e r i c a t o raise a h u e a n d c r y a b o u t the p e r p e t u a l p r o s p e r i t y o f c a p i t a l i s m , and to create m a n y reformist illusions a m o n g the masses on t h e alleged e l i m i n a t i o n of crises, of a n a r c h y a n d u n e m p l o y m e n t , a n d o t h e r sores o f c a p i t a l i s m . Ideas b e g a n t o b e s p r e a d o n the a l l e g e d economic p l a n n i n g of capitalism, on the capitalist state as a state a b o v e classes in t h e s e r v i c e of society as a w h o l e , on the n a r r o w i n g d o w n a n d e l i m i n a t i o n of class d i s t i n c t i o n a n d , as a c o n s e quence, o n t h e alleged e l i m i n a t i o n o f the class struggle, and so on and so forth. The economic conjuncture referred to above b r o u g h t w i t h i t t h e g r o w t h o f t h e w o r k i n g class, its r e - i n f o r c e m e n t w i t h a c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b e r of r e c r u i t s f r o m t h e r a n k s o f the p e a s a n t r y , a r t i s a n s a n d o t h e r categories o f t h e p e t t y b o u r g e o i s class r u i n e d b y t h e o p p r e s s i o n a n d c o m p e t i t i o n o f the u p p e r c a p i t a l i s t class. A s t h e l e a d e r s o f t h e I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y themselves a f f i r m e d at their 10th Congress, n e a r l y 5 0 % o f t h e w o r k i n g class i n I t a l y i s m a d e u p o f p e o p l e w h o h a v e come f r o m the v a r i o u s categories o f t h e p e t t y b o u r g e o i s i e d u r i n g these recent y e a r s . T h e r a n k s o f c e r t a i n c o m m u n i s t parties, e s p e c i a l l y i n I t a l y a n d F r a n c e , w e r e also e x p a n d e d a g r e a t d e a l a f t e r t h e w a r . A l l sorts o f p e t t y b o u r g e o i s elements, c a r e e r - s e e k e r s

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a n d o p p o r t u n i s t s , w e r e e n r o l l e d i n t h e m . O n the o t h e r h a n d , as a r e s u l t of e c o n o m i c c o n j u n c t u r e s , o f l a r g e p r o f i t s , the b o u r g e o i s i e h a v e s t r i v e n t o b u y off, t o raise t o t h e aristocracy, to turn b o u r g e o i s a p a r t of t h e w o r k i n g class. T h e classics o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m h a v e l o n g p o i n t e d o u t the d a n g e r o f the s p r e a d o f o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m i n t h e a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t countries, w h e r e the bourgeoisie take advantage of their super-profits t o c o r r u p t a n d w i n o v e r a p a r t o f the w o r k i n g class. The English proletariat Engels wrote to M a r x on O c t o b e r 7, 1858, a r e in fact c o n t i n u a l l y t u r n i n g b o u r g e o i s , thus, t h i s m o s t bourgeois nation intends apparently to carry things to the point of h a v i n g a bourgeois a r i s t o c r a c y a n d a p r o l e t a r i a n a r i s t o c r a c y side b y side w i t h t h e a r i s t o c r a c y . ( K . M a r x a n d F. Engels, Selected Letters, R u s s i a n edition 1947, p. 205). L e n i n has also w r i t t e n : . . . These super-profits, w h i c h amount t o b i l l i o n s , are the basis o n w h i c h t h e o p p o r t u n i s t s o f the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t t h r i v e . I n A m e r i c a , i n E n g l a n d , i n F r a n c e w e see t h a t t h e o p p o r t u n i s t leaders, the u p p e r s t r a t u m o f t h e w o r k i n g class, t h e w o r k e r a r i s t o c r a c y are s t u b b o r n ; t h e y o f f e r s t r o n g e r resistance t o the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . W e s h o u l d ,

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therefore, b e a r i n m i n d t h a t the E u r o p e a n a n d A m e r i c a n w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s w i l l get r i d o f this malady w i t h more difficulty than we. We k n o w that great progress has been m a d e i n c u r i n g this disease f r o m t h e t i m e o f t h e IIIrd International to this day, but it is not yet e n t i r e l y e r a d i c a t e d ; t h e w o r k e r s ' parties, the r e v o l u t i o n a r y p a r t i e s o f the w h o l e w o r l d h a v e n o t yet been e n t i r e l y cleansed o f b o u r geois i n f l u e n c e , h a v e n o t yet got r i d o f t h e o p p o r t u n i s t s i n t h e i r o w n r a n k s (V. I . L e n i n ; W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 31, p. 254). T h e s p r e a d o f r e v i s i o n i s m i n E u r o p e h a s been a n d c o n t i n u e s to be f u r t h e r e d a g r e a t d e a l by t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c parties w h i c h e x i s t i n a l m o s t all the advanced capitalist countries a n d hold p r o m i n e n t p o s i t i o n s a n d a r e e v e n a t the h e a d o f bourgeois g o v e r n m e n t s i n some o f t h e m . S o c i a l d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s are t h e d i r e c t descendants o f the t r a i t o r o u s I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l ; t h e y are, a s L e n i n has d u b b e d t h e m , b o u r g e o i s p a r t i e s o f t h e w o r k i n g class, s w o r n agents o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e i n the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , a p p r e n t i c e s o f the c a p i t a l ist class, i d e o l o g i c a l s u p p o r t e r s of c a p i t a l i s m etc. It has b e e n p r o v e n i n practice, L e n i n has said, that t h e m i l i t a n t s i n the r a n k s o f the w o r k i n g class, d i s p o s e d t o o p p o r t u n i s t trends, are b e t t e r d e f e n d e r s of t h e b o u r g e o i sie t h a n t h e b o u r g e o i s i e t h e m s e l v e s . If t h e w o r k e r s w e r e n o t l e d b y these people, the

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bourgeoisie w o u l d not be able to hold their o w n (V. I . L e n i n , W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n v o l . 31, page 254. M o d e r n revisionism found strong support and a source o f s p i r i t u a l n o u r i s h m e n t i n s o c i a l - d e m o cracy, f o r b o t h o f t h e m a r e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f b o u r geois i d e o l o g y : s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y i n the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , w h i l e r e v i s i o n i s m i n the c o m m u n i s t movement. A f t e r the outburst of revolutions in E u r o p e during and immediately f o l l o w i n g the Second W o r l d War, the w h o l e post-war period in Europe has g e n e r a l l y been one of r e l a t i v e peace, a p e r i o d o f m o r e o r less p e a c e f u l d e v e l o p m e n t . The transition f r o m a period of strife t o one o f t r a n q u i l i t y S t a l i n has said, i n creases, by its v e r y n a t u r e , the d a n g e r of t h e r i g h t i s t s . If the p e r i o d of rise b r i n g s a b o u t revolutionary illusions, thus creating the d a n g e r of l e f t i s m as the p r i n c i p a l menace, the p e r i o d o f t r a n q u i l i t y , o n the c o n t r a r y , gives b i r t h t o social-democratic reformist illusions, creating the danger of r i g h t i s m as the m a i n menace. I n 1920, w h e n the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t w a s o n t h e rise, L e n i n w r o t e h i s pamphlet 'The Infantile Disease of Leftism'. W h y d i d L e n i n w r i t e j u s t this p a m p h l e t ? B e c a u s e the d a n g e r o f l e f t i s m a t t h a t t i m e w a s the m o s t serious m e n a c e . I a m c e r t a i n t h a t i f L e n i n w e r e alive, h e w o u l d n o w

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h a v e w r i t t e n a p a m p h l e t o n The S e n i l e D i s ease o f R i g h t i s m , f o r n o w , d u r i n g the p e r i o d of tranquility, w h e n the illusions of c o m p r o m i s e s h o u l d b e o n the rise, the d a n g e r o f r i g h t i s m i s the most serious menace ( J . V . S t a l i n , W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 7, p. 61). T h e s e w o r d s o f S t a l i n ' s a p p l y f u l l y t o the p e r i o d f o l l o w i n g the S e c o n d W o r l d W a r , too. H a d L e n i n lived he w o u l d most certainly have w r i t t e n t o d a y also a p a m p h l e t on T h e S e n i l e Disease of Rightism in the European communist and w o r k e r s ' movement! T h e process of the s p r e a d of r e v i s i o n i s m in t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties o f E u r o p e a n d N o r t h A m e r i c a became more intensive and a vital f a c t o r e s p e c i a l l y f o l l o w i n g S t a l i n ' s death, w h e n N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s t r a i t o r o u s g r o u p c a m e t o the f o r e a n d u n f u r l e d t h e i r r e v i s i o n i s t b a n n e r a t the 20th C o n gress o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e l o u d l y p r o c l a i m e d the 20th C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a s the C o n g r e s s w h i c h i n a u g u r a t e d a n e w e p o c h i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t . W e l l , the 20th C o n g r e s s o f the C o m m u nist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , w i l l t r u l y remain i n h i s t o r y a s the C o n g r e s s w h i c h i n a u g u r a t e d a n e w e p o c h , b u t this n e w epoch i s n o t h i n g b u t the e p o c h o f s p r e a d i n g o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m i n the present i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d workers' movement, especially in Europe and N o r t h America where they found favorable ground

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b o t h f r o m h i s t o r y a n d f r o m the c u r r e n t s i t u a t i o n . T a k i n g a d v a n t a g e o f t h e a u t h o r i t y o f the C o m m u nist P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n and of the Soviet U n i o n i t s e l f a n d u s i n g t h e basest o f m e t h o d s a n d means, N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s g r o u p succeeded i n f o r c ing their revisionist course on the leaders of m a n y c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties. I n o r d e r t o a t t a i n t h e i r objective, t h e y d i d n o t hesitate t o resort t o the d i r t i e s t plots of c h a n g i n g t h e m a k e - u p of t h e leadership of m a n y parties in order to instal in office elements w h o are l o y a l to their treacherous line. T h e so-called cult of the i n d i v i d u a l a n d the f i g h t against its consequences b e c a m e t h e demagogical w e a p o n and the bugbear w h i c h N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s group used to threaten, i n t i m i d a t e a n d s u b j u g a t e a l l those w h o r e f u s e d t o k n e e l o b e i sance to t h e i r c o n d u c t o r ' s b a t o n . As a c o n s e q u e n c e o f a l l this, t h e v e t e r a n r e v o l u t i o n a r y cadres w h o had given proof of their loyalty to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , w e r e r e m o v e d f r o m the l e a d e r s h i p o f m a n y parties a n d N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s r e v i s i o n i s t l i n e w a s p r o c l a i m e d b y the r e v i s i o n i s t leaders a s the g e n e r a l line of action of m a n y parties in the international communist and workers' movement.

The Source of A l l Evils Lies in the Revisionist Course T h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s use a l l m e a n s a n d maneuvers to mislead the people and to m a k e t h e m b e l i e v e t h a t E u r o p e i s a l l e g e d l y the s t r o n g -

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h o l d o f g e n u i n e M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , the c a r r i e r of the development and creative implementation of t h e M a r x i s t doctrine, the f i e r y center o f the r e v o l u t i o n , the m o s t a d v a n c e d f r o n t o f the w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t . T h e y t r y to p r o v e t h a t e v e r y w h e r e else M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m has d e g e n e r a ted, has b e e n r e p l a c e d b y d o g m a t i s m , s e c t a r i a n ism, nationalism, racialism, neo-Trotzkyism and so on a n d so forth, that it is therefore essential to s p r e a d the s a l v a t i o n l i g h t o f E u r o p e . S p e c u l a t i n g o n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s o f E u r o p e , the r e v i s i o n i s t s t r y to s e l l soap f o r cheese, to sell o f f the present E u r o p e a n r e v i s i o n i s m a s pure, u n s t a i n e d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , t o subject the w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t t o the p o i s o n o u s i n f l u e n c e o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m w i t h its seat i n E u r o p e , t o s m o t h e r the r e v o l u t i o n a r y i m p u l s e o f t h e people o f other continents, t o l u l l the E u r o p e a n r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s to sleep, so t h a t t h e y m a y t h u s c a r r y out t h e i r c r i m i n a l designs i n peace. B u t the r e v i s i o n i s t s w i l l n o t succeed i n m i s l e a d i n g the people f o r l o n g a n d a t t a i n i n g t h e i r o b j e c tive. T h e y h a v e been a n d are c o n t i n u a l l y b e i n g e x p o s e d . T h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s l i n e has m e t w i t h s t r o n g resistance f r o m t h e g e n u i n e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , i t has m e t w i t h g r a v e d i f f i c u l t i e s a n d i t h a s e n d e d i n s m o k e w h e n e v e r i t h a s c o m e face t o face w i t h r e a l i t y . W h a t this l i n e is, has a l r e a d y been m a d e v e r y c l e a r t o a l l . I t i s the l i n e o f b e t r a y a l t o the f u n damental principles of m a r x i s m - l e n i n i s m and of p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , the l i n e o f r e n o u n c i n g

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t h e class s t r u g g l e a n d the r e v o l u t i o n , the l i n e o f approachment and u n i t y w i t h imperialism and all forms of reaction, the line of degenerating sociali s m and f u s i n g w i t h social-democracy. It is a bitter fact t h a t p r e s e n t d a y E u r o p e has become the m a i n bastion of the most frenzied revisionism. N o matter h o w h a r d the revisionists m a y t r y t o p r e t t i f y the s i t u a t i o n o f the w o r k e r a n d d e m o cratic movement in Europe, it is an incontestable fact t h a t t h i s m o v e m e n t has d e c l i n e d , its r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t a n d its p o w e r o f a c t i o n h a v e been w e a k e n e d as a r e s u l t of t h e i r w h o l l y o p p o r t u n i s t a n d t r e a c h e r o u s course. I n spite o f its m a j o r w e i g h t i n t h e w h o l e l i f e o f the c o u n t r y , t h e E u r o p e a n w o r k i n g class i s n o t p l a y i n g t h e i m p o r t a n t r o l e it should, is not contributing as m u c h as it should t o t h e s t r u g g l e f o r peace, d e m o c r a c y , n a t i o n a l i n dependence and socialism. In E u r o p e t h e r e are m a n y w o r d s , i l l u s i o n s a n d e m p t y statements a n d v e r y f e w deeds a n d concrete actions. W h a t has become o f t h a t d y n a m i c i m p u l s e o f the w o r k e r a n d democratic movement of the early post-war days w h i c h j u s t l y a r o u s e d the a d m i r a t i o n o f a l l the r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s o f t h e w o r l d ? W h e r e i s the h e r o i s m o f R a i m o n d a D i e n a n d t h e F r e n c h doctors against the dirty w a r of the F r e n c h colonialists in V i e t N a m ? W h e r e are t h e s t r i k e s a n d energetic d e m o n s t r a t i o n s o f the m a n y m i l l i o n s o f I t a l i a n w o r k e r s and wage earners against reaction and fascism? W h e r e are t h e w h o l e h e a r t e d s u p p o r t a n d l o f t y s p i r i t o f s o l i d a r i t y w h i c h w a s s h o w n t o w a r d s the K o r e a n people, t o w a r d s t h e i r p a t r i o t i c f i g h t against

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the A m e r i c a n aggressors? W h e r e i s t h a t mass m i l i tant movement w h i c h burst f o r t h throughout E u r o p e a t the t i m e o f the S t o c k h o l m A p p e a l a n d s o o n a n d so f o r t h ? T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s set a l l t h e i r hopes not o n t h e w o r k i n g class a n d l a b o r i n g masses a n d o n t h e i r actions a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e b u t o n p o l i t i c a l a n d d i p l o m a t i c c o m b i n a t i o n s , o n t h e good sense a n d wisdom of t h e leaders of i m p e r i a l i s m , on the r e v i s i o n i s t l i n e of p e a c e f u l co-existence, peacef u l c o m p e t i t i o n a n d p e a c e f u l methods, o n b o u r geois c o n s t i t u t i o n s a n d p a r l i a m e n t s , o n s t r u c t u r a l reforms and alliances w i t h conservative and react i o n a r y forces. T h r o u g h a l l this t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s s t r i v e t o p a r a l y z e t h e f i g h t i n g s p i r i t o f the E u r o p e a n w o r k i n g class, t o w e a n i t a w a y f r o m t h e revolutionary struggle and plunge it into lethargy b y s p r e a d i n g a l l sorts o f p a c i f i s t a n d r e f o r m i s t illusions. T h r o u g h their treacherous line of action the r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e d o i n g t h e i r best t o t u r n t h e communist and workers' parties of m a n y European countries of glorious traditions f r o m parties of social r e v o l u t i o n t o p a r t i e s o f s o c i a l r e f o r m , f r o m revolutionary, militant, w e l l organized and w e l l d i s c i p l i n e d v a n g u a r d s o f t h e w o r k i n g class t o loose, inert organizations w i t h o u t a clear-cut objective, lacking sound party discipline, into w h i c h all kinds o f bourgeois, c a r e e r - s e e k i n g a n d o p p o r t u n i s t e l e m e n t s can e n t e r a n d l e a v e a s i t pleases t h e m . T h e y h a v e e m b a r k e d o n the r o a d o f r e - e x a m i n i n g the character, f u n c t i o n s a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e ,

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o f the c o m m u n i s t parties, o f d e n y i n g t h e l e a d i n g r o l e o f the p a r t y i n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r the t r i u m p h of the revolution, for establishing socialism. U n d e r t h e p r e t e x t o f e s t a b l i s h i n g the u n i t y o f t h e w o r k i n g class, t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e n o t o n l y g i v e n u p e x p o s i n g the r i g h t - w i n g leaders o f s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y , w h o a r e t h e p r i n c i p a l s p l i t t e r s o f the w o r k i n g class, b u t t h e y are g e t t i n g closer t o a n d g r a d u a l l y f u s i n g i n w i t h s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t parties, t h e y are d o i n g t h e i r u t t e r m o s t t o s t r i k e u p a n a l l i a n c e w i t h the l i b e r a l b o u r g e o i s i e , w i t h the C h r i s t i a n d e m o c r a t s a n d a l l other reactionaries. W h i l e m a k i n g c o m m o n cause w i t h t h e i m p e rialists and bourgeois monopolists, w i t h Tito's c l i que, w i t h t h e socialist leaders, C h r i s t i a n d e m o c r a t s , catholics a n d a l l other r e a c t i o n a r y forces, t h e E u r o p e a n revisionists have at the same time l a u n c h e d f r e n z i e d assaults o n t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a , o n the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , o n a l l M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d the s o u n d forces o f the revolutionary communists in their parties and their countries. T h e y have given unreserved support to N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s and his group's anti-Marxist, antisocialist a n d d i v i s i v e acts and have themselves r e s o r t e d t o m a n y acts t h a t h a v e w r e c k e d t h e u n i t y o f t h e socialist c a m p a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u nist m o v e m e n t . T h e E u r o p e a n r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e n o w t a k e n the s h a m e f u l b a n n e r o f f i g h t i n g m a r x ism-leninism into their o w n hands. Faced w i t h their i n e v i t a b l e e x p o s u r e a n d u l t i m a t e defeat, these m a d r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e set o n c a r r y i n g t h i s b a t t l e t o t h e

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end, d e m a n d i n g , a s P . T o g l i a t t i d i d i n his T e s t a ment, a n i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n o f the f i g h t a g a i n s t M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d a l l p a r t i e s a n d forces t h a t are l o y a l t o it, u s i n g f o r this p u r p o s e the m o s t r e f i n e d , most w i l y and, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m , m o s t effective m e t h o d s . By their opportunist, treacherous and divisive acts, the E u r o p e a n r e v i s i o n i s t s b e a r a l l the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the g r a v e s i t u a t i o n t h a t has been c r e a t e d i n the w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a n d especially f o r the great e v i l a n d h a r m t h a t t h e y h a v e caused t o the E u r o p e a n w o r k e r s ' a n d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . B e f o r e the b i t t e r r e a l i t y , t h e y a r e t h e m s e l ves o b l i g e d t o a d m i t t h e i r f a i l u r e . I n the theses o f t h e 10th C o n g r e s s o f the I t a l i a n C o m m u n i s t P a r t y it is openly affirmed that: A s a w h o l e it m u s t be a d m i t t e d t h a t t h e w o r k i n g class a n d the l a b o r i n g masses o f W e s t e r n E u r o p e a n d t h e i r o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n recent y e a r s h a v e n o t g i v e n the c o n t r i b u t i o n necessary to the s t r u g g l e for democracy, socialism and peace... A n y way, it r e m a i n s as a g e n e r a l fact, regardless of w h a t w e t h i n k o f i n d i v i d u a l countries, that the w o r k i n g class has f a i l e d t o exercise t h e l e a d i n g p o l i t i c a l f u n c t i o n p e r t a i n i n g t o i t b o t h a s r e g a r d s its p r e p o n d e r a n c e in the f i e l d of p r o d u c t i o n , as w e l l as t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f the p r o b l e m s c o n c e r n i n g its i m m e diate existence a n d the d e v e l o p m e n t of d e m o c r a c y a n d a d v a n c e m e n t t o w a r d s socialism. P . T o g l i a t t i e x p r e s s e d t h i s i d e a once a g a i n i n his Testament. H e s a y s :

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 W e h a v e a l w a y s b e e n o f the o p i n i o n t h a t i t i s n o t f o r u s t o d e s c r i b e the w o r k ers' a n d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t o f the w e s t e r n countries in an altogether optimistic manner. O n t h i s side o f t h e w o r l d , e v e n i f progress m a y h a v e b e e n m a d e h e r e a n d there, o u r d e v e l o p m e n t a n d o u r forces a r e t o t h i s d a y u n s u i t a b l e f o r t h e task l y i n g b e f o r e us. T h i s state o f t h e E u r o p e a n w o r k e r s ' a n d c o m munist movement can by no means be accounted for by the objective conditions and unsuitable circumstances of Europe. A p a r t f r o m negative factors, t h e r e h a v e b e e n a n d t h e r e are also n u m e r o u s other positive factors to promote the revolutionary m o v e m e n t i n E u r o p e . T h e s e f a c t o r s a r e the c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f the socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e i r successes i n a l l fields, t h e c o n t i n u o u s w e a k e n i n g o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s y s t e m , t h e great i m p e t u s o f the n a tional-liberation movement and the dissolution of the c o l o n i a l i s t s y s t e m , t h e a g g r a v a t i o n o f the e x t e r n a l a n d i n t e r n a l , class a n d n a t i o n a l c o n t r a dictions in capitalist countries and so on. Therefore, t h e r e a l cause o f this s i t u a t i o n w h i c h the r e v i s i o n i s t s t h e m s e l v e s a r e o b l i g e d t o recognize, t o a c k n o w l e d g e , m u s t n o t b e l o o k e d f o r i n object i v e c o n d i t i o n s but, f i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t , i n t h e e x i s t e n c e o f t h e s u b j e c t i v e factor, i n the fact t h a t the leaders of m a n y E u r o p e a n communist and w o r k e r s ' parties have slipped into positions of opportunism and revisionism, that they have departed f r o m M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , f r o m the revo-

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lutionary road and have embarked on to s o c i a l - d e m o c r a c y .

the

road

B u t w h a t m e a s u r e s a n d w h a t steps d o t h e revisionists propose to take in order to d r a w the European workers' and communist movement out of the b l i n d alley into w h i c h they themselves h a v e plunged it? None at all. On the contrary, they w a n t a n d persist i n p u r s u i n g e v e n m o r e r e s o l u t e l y that policy w h i c h w a s f o r m u l a t e d f r o m positions o f t h e 20th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , positions w h i c h they c l a i m s h o u l d b e s t r e n g t h e n e d . T h e e v i l , t h e y argue, does n o t h e i n t h e l i n e o f t h e 20th C o n g r e s s b u t i n t h e fact t h a t t h e l i n e o f t h i s C o n g r e s s i s n o t y e t b e i n g implemented as it should, is not being applied forcefully enough and by all parties! The Italian r e v i s i o n i s t s as t h e m o s t a d v a n c e d ones, as t h e s t a n d a r d bearers o f r e v i s i o n i s m i n E u r o p e , w a n t a l l t o p u r s u e t h e I t a l i a n w a y i n o r d e r t o get out o f this p r e d i c a m e n t , a l i n e w h i c h , a s w e h a v e p o i n t e d out before, i s t h e l i n e o f f l a g r a n t d e p a r t u r e f r o m the t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m o n t h e class s t r u g g l e , o n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a n d d i c t a t o r s h i p of t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , a l i n e as s i m i l a r as t w o drops of water to that preached and pursued by B e r n s t e i n , K a u t z k y , T i t o , t h e r i g h t - w i n g social d e m o c r a t s , a n d a l l t h e o t h e r renegades f r o m t h e w o r k i n g class. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s see t h e w a y o u t o f t h e crisis i n t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e p l u n g e d t h e w e s tern communist and workers' movement in their attempts to strike up an alliance under all c o n d i t i o n s a n d a t a n y cost w i t h t h e l i b e r a l b o u r g e o i s i e ,

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w i t h bourgeois intellectuals, C h r i s t i a n democrats, s o c i a l d e m o c r a t s a n d r i g h t - w i n g socialists, w i t h a v i e w to establishing that b r o a d unity, that new p o l i t i c a l b l o c k w h i c h w o u l d assure t o t h e m gains at t h e elections, e x t e n s i o n of t h e l i m i t s of f r e e d o m a n d d e m o c r a c y , a c h a n g e o f t h e class n a t u r e o f t h e b o u r g e o i s state a n d p e a c e f u l t r a n sition to socialism! A n d n o t o n l y t h i s . T o get out o f t h e p r e d i c a m e n t , t o m a k e t h e i r l i n e c o m e off v i c t o r i o u s , a n d f o r t h e sake o f t h e i r a l l i a n c e w i t h t h e bourgeoisie, w i t h the leaders of social-democracy, Christian democrats a n d others, the revisionists of the West d e m a n d f r o m t h e i r colleagues i n t h e East, espec i a l l y f r o m t h e S o v i e t leaders, t h a t t h e y s h o u l d give m o r e aid. T h e y are in perfect agreement w i t h a n d h a i l t h e steps t h a t h a v e b e e n t a k e n i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n c e r t a i n o t h e r socialist c o u n tries t o w a r d s d e g e n e r a t i n g t h e socialist o r d e r u n d e r the guise of de-Stalinization, democratization a n d l i b e r a l i z a t i o n . B u t , a s T o g l i a t t i states i n his T e s t a m e n t , t h e y a r e d i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h the fact t h a t t h i s process i n these c o u n t r i e s i s g o i n g o n s l o w l y , b y zigzag, o n a n d off w a y s . T h e r e f o r e , the West E u r o p e a n revisionists urge the revisionists of t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s to p r o c e e d at a m o r e r a p i d rate towards capitalist degeneration of s o c i a l i s m a n d t o w a r d s g e t t i n g i n t o c l o s e r contact w i t h the imperialists so that they m a y give proof of the complete liquidation of the Stalinist a n o maly and of the establishment of liberal and democratic socialism w h i c h w o u l d remove a l l

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fear f r o m t h e b o u r g e o i s i e a n d w o u l d b e a c c e p t a b l e to all pseudo-democrats of the w o r l d . In order to c a r r y t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s w o r k t o the e n d the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s d o n o t hesitate t o s a c r i f i c e t h e U S S R itself a n d the o t h e r socialist countries, t o l i q u i d a t e the h i s t o r i c a c h i e v e m e n t s i n these c o u n t r i e s , a c h i e v e m e n t s w h i c h h a v e been a t t a i n e d t h r o u g h s t r i f e a n d s t r u g g l e a n d a t great s a c r i f i c e . The European revisionists w h o had hitched their cart t o t h a t o f N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s , r e c e i v e d w i t h great f l u r r y t h e n e w s o f t h e i n g l o r i o u s d o w n f a l l o f t h e i r chief. T h e y a l l i n u n i s o n e x p r e s s e d t h e i r regrets and disapproval at N. Khrushchev's d o w n f a l l , c r i t i c i z e d the a n t i d e m o c r a t i c m e t h o d s used in ousting h i m f r o m the leading organs of the p a r t y a n d t h e state, d e m a n d e d e x p l a n a t i o n s a n d e x e r t e d p r e s s u r e o n t h e present S o v i e t leaders t o p u r s u e b y a l l m e a n s N . K h r u s h c h e v s line, f o r m u l a t e d b y the 20th, 21st a n d 22nd C o n g r e s s e s o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e y e v e n s e r v e d n o t i c e o n t h e S o v i e t leaders t h a t i f t h e y s h o u l d d e p a r t f r o m this l i n e t h e y w i l l n o t h a v e t h e i r s u p p o r t . T h e c o n c l u s i o n the E u r o p e a n r e v i s i o n i s t s d r e w f r o m N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s ouster i s that w h i c h the Italian revisionists so clearly form u l a t e d , n a m e l y t h a t the r e m n a n t s o f the c u l t o f the i n d i v i d u a l h a v e n o t y e t been c o m p l e t e l y liquidated in the Soviet U n i o n that freedom and d e m o c r a c y are s t i l l r e s t r i c t e d there a n d t h e r e fore i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o f o r g e a h e a d w i t h o u t h e s i t a tion towards liberal-bourgeois democratization of the socialist order. A n d t h e present S o v i e t leaders,

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N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s collaborators, h u r r i e d to assure the r e v i s i o n i s t s o f a l l shapes, w h e r e v e r t h e y m a y be, t h a t t h e y w i l l l o y a l l y p u r s u e the course i n h e r i t e d f r o m t h e i r chief, N . K h r u s h c h e v . S u c h i s i n r o u g h - c u t l i n e the p o l i t i c a l course, the a t t i t u d e a n d acts, t h e w a y a n d p e r s p e c t i v e o f the E u r o p e a n r e v i s i o n i s t s . A l l this i s a v i v i d p r o o f o f t h e u n d e n i a b l e fact t h a t p r e s e n t - d a y E u r o p e is pregnant w i t h revisionism.

Revisionists Enemies of the Anti-Imperialist Liberation Movement of the People European revisionists r e p r o a c h the p a r t i e s which courageously uphold Marxist-Leninist p r i n ciples w i t h a l l e g e d l y b e l i t t l i n g a n d e v e n d e n y i n g the r o l e a n d importance of the revolutionary movement in Europe, w i t h allegedly counterpoising to it the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t as the o n l y r e v o l u t i o n a r y force i n o u r t i m e , w i t h a l l e g e d l y t r y i n g t o isolate a n d w e a n the r e v o l u t i o n a r y n a t i o n a l liberation movement of Asia, A f r i c a and Latin A m e r i c a a w a y f r o m the socialist c a m p a n d the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t o f the a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t countries, a n d s o o n . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s s t a n d i n need o f a l l this i n o r d e r t o p r o v e t h a t t h e center o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n i s a l l e g e d l y i n E u r o p e a n d t h a t a l l the r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s o f other c o u n t r i e s should be subjected to a n d l e d b y revisionist: E u r o p e . T h r o u g h a l l these c a l u m n i e s the r e v i s i o -

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n i s t s s t r i v e t o l o w e r the a u t h o r i t y , r o l e a n d g r o w i n g i n f l u e n c e o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces, especially o f t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of China, in the countries of A s i a , A f r i c a and L a t i n A m e r i c a , t o s m o t h e r the r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r e n d , t h e f i g h t i n g s p i r i t i n these r e g i o n s too a n d t o w e a n the people a w a y f r o m t h e s t r u g g l e a n d t o hitch them to the chariot of imperialism. I t i s a n u n d e n i a b l e fact t h a t the r e v o l u t i o n i s p r o c e e d i n g a t f u l l speed t o d a y i n A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a . These regions of the w o r l d are today the weakest links of the imperialist system; it is here that a l l k i n d s of social c o n t r a dictions f i n d free play, that the impetus of the r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t keeps g r o w i n g f r o m d a y t o day, t h a t i m p e r i a l i s m i s dealt t h e heaviest a n d m o s t direct b l o w s . M a n y facts a n d e v e n t s b e a r witness to this reality, to wit, the heroic struggle o f the p e o p l e o f S o u t h V i e t N a m , o f N o r t h K a l i m a n t a n , o f L a o s against the A m e r i c a n aggressors and internal reactionary forces, a s w e l l a s t h e powerful anti-imperialist movement in Indonesia and Japan, in the A r a b countries and elsewhere i n A s i a ; h e r o i c A l g e r i a , the w a v e o f l i b e r a t i o n wars in the Congo, A n g o l a , Western G u i n e a and i n other regions o f A f r i c a ; g l o r i o u s C u b a , w a r - l i k e V e n e z u e l a , P a n a m a a n d others i n L a t i n A m e r i c a . E u r o p e a n revisionists, s e r v i n g the m o n o p o l i s t bourgeoisie in their countries and the A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s , a r e g r e a t l y d i s t u r b e d b y the i m p e t u s of the struggle of the A s i a n , A f r i c a n and L a t i n

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A m e r i c a n peoples. In order to mask their true features a n d e x t e n d t h e i r i n f l u e n c e i n these c o u n tries t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s d o n o t hesitate a t t i m e s t o issue s t a t e m e n t s a n d t a k e steps w h i c h , o n t h e surface, seem t o b e i n s u p p o r t o f t h e f i g h t o f t h e people o f A s i a , A f r i c a and L a t i n A m e r i c a . B u t if a study is made of their policy a n d general c o n d u c t , o f t h e essence o f t h e i r a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t , i t t u r n s out t h a t the E u r o p e a n revisionists maintain an entirely a n t i - M a r x i s t a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s it, s p r e a d a l l k i n d s o f d a n g e r o u s i l l u s i o n s a n d c a r r y out s u c h acts a s h i n d e r a n d sabotage the j u s t s t r u g g l e o f t h e p e o p l e against i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e revisionists declare that c o l o n i a l r u l e has b e e n a l m o s t e n t i r e l y abolished, t h a t o n l y a b o u t 5 0 m i l l i o n p e o p l e are s t i l l u n d e r c o l o n i a l r u l e , t h a t no spheres of i n f l u e n c e of i m p e r i a l i s m e x i s t a n y l o n g e r i n the w o r l d t o d a y . T h e y say that the m a i n task of the national-liberation m o v e m e n t today is not to fight against imperialism, against o l d a n d n e w colonialism a n d those t h a t s e r v e t h e m , b u t to assure a n d c o n solidate economic independence. A c c o r d i n g to t h e m , t h e people o f these r e g i o n s w i l l get r i d o f a l l e v i l t h r o u g h p e a c e f u l coexistence, t h r o u g h complete and total disarmament, t h r o u g h the aid, n o t o n l y o f the socialist countries, b u t a l s o of the a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s as w e l l , t h e United Nations Organization and so forth and s o o n . T h e s p r e a d o f these i l l u s i o n s j e o p a r d i z e s t h e cause o f t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f the people. C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g r i g h t f u l l y stressed i n h i s 1963,

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A u g u s t 29 s t a t e m e n t in s u p p o r t of the people of S o u t h V i e t N a m against the aggressive b a r b a r o u s acts o f t h e A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s and Ngo D i n Diem's clique: oppressed peoples a n d n a t i o n s s h o u l d not r e l y on t h e good sense of the i m p e r i a l i s t s and their lackeys for their emancipation. T h e y w i l l t r i u m p h only by consolidating their unity a n d by w a g i n g a persistent fight. T h e modern revisionists have gone even farther: they not only spread illusions about the i m p e r i a l i s t colonialists, b u t h a v e also r e s o r t e d t o direct t r e a c h e r o u s acts towards the liberation s t r u g g l e o f t h e o p p r e s s e d peoples. W e k n o w o n l y too w e l l the a t t i t u d e o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i sionists t o w a r d s the j u s t w a r o f t h e A l g e r i a n people, w h i c h t h e y c o n s i d e r e d a s a n i n t e r n a l a f f a i r o f F r a n c e , t o w a r d s the C o n g o w h e n t h e y v o t e d i n f a v o r o f d i s p a t c h i n g troops o f the U n i t e d N a t i o n s Organization, towards C u b a at the time of the C a r i b b e a n crisis, w h e n t h e y t r i e d t o i m p o s e o n i t the i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n s p e c t i o n o f the U S A , t o w a r d s the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t i n I r a k w h e n t h e y caused its defeat b y t h e i r advice, t o w a r d s the aggression o f the A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l ists against the D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c o f V i e t n a m , w h e n t h e y e x p r e s s e d t h e i r regret in a h a l f - h e a r ted w a y a n d s o o n a n d s o f o r t h . Thus, w h i l e the Marxist-leninists wholeheart e d l y u p h o l d the national-liberation movement,

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t h e o p p r e s s e d peoples a n d n a t i o n s a n d g i v e t h e m active all-round support, the European revisionists i n fact u p h o l d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d colonialists, oppose the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t of people, h i n d e r a n d r e s t r a i n it. B u t n o m a t t e r h o w m u c h the revisionists t r y to exalt E u r o p e ' s role, h o w m u c h they m a y t r y to belittle the role a n d m a j o r i m p o r t a n c e of t h e s t r u g g l e of the peoples of A s i a , A f r i c a and L a t i n America, how much they hinder a n d sabotage t h i s s t r u g g l e a n d h o w t h e y m a y s l a n d e r it, t h e y w i l l n o t succeed i n c h a n g i n g r e a l i t y a n d the revolutionary and national-liberation m o v e m e n t o f these m a j o r r e g i o n s o f t h e w o r l d w i l l f o r g e ahead, b r i n g i n g a b o u t f r e s h v i c t o r i e s f o r t h e people a n d f u r t h e r losses t o the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h e a t t i t u d e o f the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s t o w a r d s the r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e o f the people of these c o n t i n e n t s is a c l e a r p r o o f of their b e t r a y a l t o the cause o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n , o f t h e i r c h a u v i n i s m , o f t h e i r a i d t o the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e a c t i o n a r y forces to s m o t h e r t h e j u s t s t r u g g l e of the people. The revolutionary national-liberation movem e n t o f t h e peoples o f A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e rica is a m o v e m e n t of m a j o r h i s t o r i c i m p o r t a n c e n o t o n l y t o the f u t u r e o f the peoples o f these c o n t i n e n t s b u t also t o t h e f u t u r e o f the E u r o p e a n people, t o t h e e n t i r e p r o g r e s s o f m a n k i n d . B y d e a l i n g h e a v y b l o w s t o i m p e r i a l i s m i n its r e a r area, b y u n d e r m i n i n g its s t r e n g t h a n d n a r r o w i n g d o w n its s p h e r e o f d o m i n a t i o n , t h i s m o v e m e n t a g g r a v a t e s the c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n the a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t

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c o u n t r i e s themselves, speeds up t h e p r o g r e s s of the r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t i n t h e m a n d m a k e s i t easier f o r the w o r k i n g class t o o v e r t h r o w c a p i t a l i s m . T h e t r i u m p h o f the r e v o l u t i o n i n the m a i n l a n d depends to a l a r g e e x t e n t on the s u c c e s s f u l c o n d u c t o f t h e s t r u g g l e o f the A s i a n , A f r i c a n a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a n peoples w h o m a k e u p t h e b u l k of t h e p o p u l a t i o n of t h e w o r l d . M a r x t h o u g h t a t first, L e n i n w r o t e , that I r e l a n d w o u l d n o t b e f r e e d b y the n a t i o n a l m o v e m e n t o f the oppressed n a t i o n , b u t b y the w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t i n the o p p r e s s o r n a t i o n . . . B u t c i r c u m stances h a v e been s u c h a s t o m a k e the E n g l i s h w o r k i n g class f a l l f o r q u i t e a l o n g t i m e u n d e r t h e i n f l u e n c e of l i b e r a l s , to be h i t c h e d to t h e i r c h a r i o t and to be baffled by a liberal w o r k e r s ' policy. T h e bourgeois l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t i n I r e l a n d becomes m o r e intense a n d assumes a r e v o l u t i o n a r y f o r m . M a r x r e - e x a m i n e s h i s v i e w s a n d corrects t h e m . 'It i s h a r d l u c k f o r people t o k e e p other p e o p l e i n bondage'. T h e E n g l i s h w o r k i n g class w i l l not be freed so long as Ireland is not freed f r o m the English yoke. Ireland's enslavement strengthens a n d feeds r e a c t i o n i n E n g l a n d . . . (V. I . L e n i n , Selected W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 1, p. 713). P a r a p h r a s i n g L e n i n ' s w o r d s one c a n v e r y w e l l say that Europe, pregnant w i t h revisionism, w i l l n o t b e a b l e t o get r i d o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t y o k e u n l e s s i t b r i n g s a b o u t c o m p l e t e defeat t o m o d e r n r e v i sionism, joins up w i t h the antiimperialist liberat i o n s t r u g g l e o f oppressed peoples i n A s i a , A f r i c a

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and L a t i n A m e r i c a and helps to b r i n g d e c i s i v e v i c t o r y i n this s t r u g g l e .

about

T h e f u t u r e o f the e n t i r e w e s t e r n c i v i l i zation L e n i n e m p h a s i z e d , depends to a v e r y l a r g e e x t e n t o f d r a w i n g t h e w o r k i n g masses of the East into political life. It is that: q u i t e clear, L e n i n has f u r t h e r w r i t t e n ,

i n t h e c o m i n g decisive b a t t l e o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n , t h e m o v e m e n t o f t h e m a j o r i t y o f the p o p u l a t i o n o f the t e r r e s t r i a l g l o b e w h i c h a i m s at first at national liberation, w i l l t u r n against capitalism and imperialism, and w i l l probably play a greater revolutionary role than we t h i n k (V. I. L e n i n , W o r k s , A l b a n i a n edition, v o l . 32, p p . 579 & 580). S t a l i n has also p o i n t e d o u t : The c o l o n i a l c o u n t r i e s are t h e m a i n r e a r area of i m p e r i a l i s m . Revolutionalization of these r e a r areas c a n n o t f a i l to u n d e r m i n e i m p e r i a l i s m n o t o n l y i n t h e sense o f d e p r i v i n g i t o f i t s r e a r area, b u t a l s o i n t h e sense t h a t t h e r e v o l u t i o n a l i z a t i o n o f the E a s t i s b o u n d to give a decisive impetus to the sharpening of the revolutionary c r i s i s i n the West (J. V. Stalin, Works, A l b a n i a n edition, v o l . 7, p. 232).

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T h e r e f o r e , those w h o f a i l t o s u p p o r t a n d a i d the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t o f oppressed peoples, w i t h a l l t h e i r s t r e n g t h and means fail at the same time to support a n d a i d the revolutionary movement in their own country. T h e accusations o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n ists t h a t t h e m a r x i s t - l e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s deny, a l l e g e d l y , the need of l i n k i n g a n d u n i t i n g the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f t h e peoples o f A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a w i t h t h e s t r u g g l e o f the socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d of the w o r k i n g class of the a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t countries, t h a t t h e y a l l e g e d l y t r y t o a l i e n a t e this m o v e m e n t f r o m the socialist c a m p a n d the w o r k i n g class of the a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t countries, are e n t i r e l y t r u m p e d - u p charges a n d slanders. M a r x i s t - l e n i n i s t s h a v e been a n d c o n t i n u e t o b e a w a r e o f the necessity o f u n i t i n g a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r e n d s in fighting imperialism, particularly of uniting the t w o m a j o r m o v e m e n t s o f o u r epoch, n a m e l y , t h e socialist a n d n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s . J u s t as the socialist c a m p a n d the w o r k i n g class of t h e a d v a n c e d capitalist c o u n t r i e s s t a n d i n n e e d o f the aid and support o f the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t so does t h e s t r u g g l e of t h e peoples of A s i a , A f r i c a and L a t i n A m e r i c a stand in need of the a i d a n d s u p p o r t o f the socialist c a m p a n d W o r k i n g class o f the a d v a n c e d c a p i t a l i s t c o u n tries. T h e a i d a n d s u p p o r t o n the p a r t o f t h e s o cialist c o u n t r i e s a n d the w o r k i n g class o f t h e a d v a n c e d capitalist c o u n t r i e s is a f a c t o r of p r i m a r y

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i m p o r t a n c e i n d e v e l o p i n g w i t h success t h e n a t i o nal-liberation movement, in f u r t h e r i n g the r e v o lution in colonial and dependent countries as w e l l a s i n g u i d i n g these c o u n t r i e s t o w a r d s s o c i a l i s m . B u t t h e people o f t h e A s i a n , A f r i c a n a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a n countries stand in need of genuine revol u t i o n a r y a i d a n d s u p p o r t , w h e r e a s the K h r u s h chevite and other m o d e r n revisionists, f a r f r o m g i v i n g effective aid a n d support to the anti-imper i a l i s t a n d l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e o f these peoples t r y , o n t h e c o n t r a r y , t o s m o t h e r a n d check i t t o please the imperialists. T h e line of the European r e v i sionists i s t h e l i n e o f u n c o n d i t i o n a l s u b m i s s i o n a n d c a p i t u l a t i o n t o i m p e r i a l i s m ; the l i n e o f r e n u n c i a t i o n of the ideals of f r e e d o m , i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d revolution, allegedly, i n t h e n a m e o f peace, p e a c e f u l co-existence, p e a c e f u l c o m p e t i t i o n , general and total disarmament. Of w h a t good can t h i s t r e a c h e r o u s l i n e b e t o people f o r t h e i r national liberation and social emancipation? Therefore, r e v i s i o n i s m h a s t o d a y b e c o m e a great m e n a c e not o n l y to the international communist and w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t b u t also t o t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f t h e peoples o f the w o r l d . W i t h o u t fighting against revisionism, this offspring and a l l y of imperialism, not o n l y the revolutionary m o v e m e n t o f t h e w o r k i n g class b u t also the n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f peoples w i l l f a l l s h o r t of a c h i e v i n g success. It is not the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s w h o counterpoise t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t t o the m o v e m e n t o f t h e w o r k i n g class o f t h e advanced capitalist

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c o u n t r i e s , b u t the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s t h a t counterpoise the w o r k e r s ' movement to the revolutionary national-liberation movement of the peoples o f A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a , c o n s i d e r i n g the l a t t e r a l o w e r , n o t e n t i r e l y g e n u i n e form of the revolutionary movement; it is they w h o , i n fact, c o u n t e r p o i s e the E u r o p e a n M a r x ism-Leninism (read: European revisionism) to Asiatic M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m ; it is they w h o c l a i m that the revolutionary movement in other n o n p r o l e t a r i a n regions w h e r e p e t t y b o u r g e o i s p o p u l a t i o n p r e d o m i n a t e s s h o u l d b e u n d e r the p a t r o nage a n d leadership o f t h e t r u e p r o l e t a r i a n E u r o p e a n w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , a n d s o on. T h i s i s a new, refined camouflaged f o r m , a n d allegedly p r o l e t a r i a n a n d M a r x i s t p h r a s e o l o g y o f the o l d European imperialist chauvinism, an emphatic m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f the i m p e r i a l i s t i d e o l o g y o f the upper nations w h o have d o m i n a t e d over the b u l k o f the p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e w o r l d f o r tens o f y e a r s i n succession, l o w e r e d b y t h e m t o the i n f e r i o r c a t e g o r y o f savage a n d u n d e v e l o p e d p e o p l e incapable of independent creative historical deeds. T h u s , i t i s t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o c l a s s i f y people i n t o u p p e r a n d lower, i n t o capable a n d incapable, i n t o leaders and followers, w h o judge t h e m by the color of their s k i n and their race, p l u n g i n g i n t h i s w a y i n t o t h e p i t o f i m p e r i a l ist c h a u v i n i s m a n d r a c i a l i s m .

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It Is High Time for Revolutionary Communists to Rise Against Treason and Vanquish Modern Revisionism N o serious M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t denies n o r c a n deny the role a n d importance of the European w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , its r e m a r k a b l e r e v o l u t i o n a r y merits, traditions and experience f r o m w h i c h a l l the revolutionaries of the w o r l d have and should by a l l means learn a great deal. B u t the E u r o p e a n r e v i sionists boast i n v a i n o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s o f E u r o p e . T h e y h a v e b e t r a y e d these t r a d i tions. T h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s are the direct f o l l o w ers o f t h e w o r s t t r a d i t i o n s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d workers' movement in Europe, of the traditions of Bernstein and Kautsky, of Trotsky and Bukharin, of L e o n B l u m and Saraggat, of B r o w d e r a n d Tito. T h e true bearers and followers of the g r a n d t r a d i t i o n s o f E u r o p e are the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , t h e r e v o lutionary communists, w h o are rising everywhere i n E u r o p e a g a i n s t o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m , this g r a v e n u i s a n c e a n d o l d a i l m e n t o f the E u r o p e a n communist and workers' movement. Revisionism w i t h w h i c h Europe is laden today is not everlasting. There have been periods in the past too w h e n o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m h a v e become t h e p r e d o m i n a n t c u r r e n t i n t h e E u r o p e a n workers' movement. T h i s was the period of the IInd International. At that time the imperialist bourgeoisie rubbed their hands and proclaimed far a n d w i d e that M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m h a d been b u r i e d a n d r e v o l u t i o n i n E u r o p e h a d c o m e t o its e n d .

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B u t b e f o r e l o n g this j o y o f the b o u r g e o i s i e r e j o i c i n g w a s t u r n e d t o tears. N e w r e v o l u t i o n a r y p a r t i e s o f the w o r k i n g class s p r a n g u p i n place o f t h e o p p o r t u n i s t a n d r e f o r m i s t ones, the I I I r d c o m m u n i s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l w a s set u p t o r e p l a c e the I I n d I n t e r national, M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m triumphed over opport u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m , the p e r i o d o f g r e a t r e v o l u tionary upheavals, starting w i t h the October Socialist R e v o l u t i o n , c a m e to r e p l a c e the e b b t i d e of the revolution. A n d the p r e s e n t ebb tide of revolution in E u r o p e w i l l c e r t a i n l y change. A n e w r e v o l u t i o n a r y u p s u r g e is i n e v i t a b l e . It c a n n o t be s t o p p e d by e i t h e r the t e m p o r a r y prosperity of European c a p i t a l i s m , t h e b o u r g e o i s d i c t a t o r s h i p of t h e fascist type, n o r b y t h e d e m a g o g y a n d t r e a c h e r o u s acts o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e , T i t o i t e a n d o t h e r r e v i s i o n ists. A n a l y z i n g the causes of the ebb tide, of t h e r e l a t i v e t r a n q u i l i t y n o t i c e d i n E u r o p e a f t e r the t r i u m p h of the October Socialist Revolution in R u s s i a a n d a f t e r the defeat o f the r e v o l u t i o n i n c e r t a i n other countries, J . V . S t a l i n has s a i d : W h a t i s t h e e b b tide o f the r e v o l u t i o n , q u i e t u d e ? C a n i t b e the b e g i n n i n g o f the e n d of w o r l d revolution, the beginning of the l i q u i d a t i o n o f the w o r l d p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n ? L e n i n has s a i d t h a t t h e t r i u m p h o f the proletariat in our country was followed by a n e w epoch, t h e e p o c h o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n , a n epoch filled w i t h conflicts and wars, attacks a n d retreats, t r i u m p h a n d defeat, a n e p o c h

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w h i c h presages the t r i u m p h o f the p r o l e t a r i a t i n the p r i n c i p a l c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . I n t h e e b b t i d e o f r e v o l u t i o n s t a r t e d i n E u r o p e , can this mean that Lenin's thesis o n the n e w e p o c h , o n the e p o c h o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n loses its f o r c e as a consequence? C a n this mean t h a t t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n has been c o n s e q u e n t l y left aside i n the W e s t ? N o , i t does n o t m e a n that. T h e e p o c h of w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n is a n e w stage of the r e v o l u t i o n , it is a w h o l e p e r i o d of s t r a t e g y c o v e r i n g a n u m b e r of years, p r o b a b l y tens of years. T h i s p e r i o d m a y a n d s h o u l d h a v e ebb tides a n d f l o o d tides o f r e v o l u t i o n . ( J . V . S t a l i n , W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 7, p p . 91 & 92). A n d h a v i n g c o r r o b o r a t e d t h i s w i t h the e x p e rience o f the R u s s i a n revolution p r i o r to the t r i u m p h o f the O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n a n d after, Stalin continues: W h a t d o these u p s a n d d o w n s s h o w ? D o t h e y s h o w t h a t L e n i n ' s thesis o n t h e n e w e p o c h o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n has lost o r c a n lose its i m p o r t a n c e ? O f course, not. T h e y o n l y s h o w t h a t the r e v o l u t i o n does n o t u s u a l l y proceed in a straight and u p w a r d line cont i n u a l l y c l i m b i n g a n d r i s i n g , b u t b y zigzags t h r o u g h a d v a n c e s a n d retreats, t h r o u g h e b b s a n d f l o w s w h i c h p u t t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y forces t o the test a n d p a v e the w a y f o r f i n a l v i c t o r y . T h i s i s the h i s t o r i c m e a n i n g o f the e b b

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t i d e o f the r e v o l u t i o n w h i c h h a s b e g u n n o w . this is the h i s t o r i c m e a n i n g of the p e r i o d of c a l m w e a r e l i v i n g t h r o u g h n o w , (idem, p . 94). B u t e x p e r i e n c e has s h o w n a n d s h o w s that the i m p u l s e o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement of the w o r k i n g class does n o t come a u t o m a t i c a l l y . O n e has t o s t r i v e a n d sweat f o r i t e v e r y d a y . T h e c h i e f obstacle t o r e v o l u t i o n i n E u r o p e t o d a y i s K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m , w h i c h has s m o t h e r e d the r e v o l u t i o n a r y i m p e t u s , w h i c h has p a r a l y z e d the w i l l a n d m i l i t a n t s p i r i t o f the E u r o p e a n w o r k i n g class a n d o f a l l E u r o p e a n w o r k e r s , w h i c h has d i v e r t e d the c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s o f E u r o p e f r o m t h e r e v o l u tionary way. Therefore, w i t h o u t a resolute p r i n c i p l e d f i g h t against t h e p r e s e n t K h r u s h c h e v i t e o p p o r t u n i s m a n d r e v i s i o n i s m i n a l l its f o r m s a n d m a n i festations the E u r o p e a n w o r k e r s class a n d its v a n g u a r d , the c o m m u n i s t parties, c a n n o t get r i d o f their influence, no genuine revolutionary movement can be established a n d t h e g r a n d cause o f t h e w o r k i n g class c a n n o t b e l e d t o v i c t o r y . T h e E u r o p e a n c o m m u n i s t s possess a r i c h h i s t o r i c a l e x p e r i e n c e i n this respect. D u r i n g the w h o l e o f t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n a r y l i v e s the classical teachers o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m have waged an irreconcilable w a r a g a i n s t a l l a n t i - M a r x i s t trends, h a v e a l w a y s d r a w n the l i n e b e t w e e n M a r x i s t s a n d o p p o r t u n i s t s , have always striven for a really principled u n i t y o f the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t . I n h i s Letter to the G e r m a n and F r e n c h W o r k e r s (Sept e m b e r 24, 1920) L e n i n w r o t e :

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Opportunism is represented by elem e n t s o f t h e w o r k e r s bourgeoisie, o f the o l d bureaucracy of trade unions, of cooperatives and so on. W i t h o u t doing a w a y w i t h this trend, w h i c h in reality, through its v a c i l l a t i o n s , t h r o u g h its m e n s h e v i z a t i o n . . . c a r r i e s b o u r g e o i s i n f l u e n c e t o the p r o l e t a r i a t within t h e w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , within t h e socialist parties, w i t h o u t d o i n g a w a y w i t h this trend, w i t h o u t severing a l l connections w i t h it, w i t h o u t e x p e l l i n g its o u t s t a n d i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , it is impossible to a c h i e v e revolutionary proletarian u n i t y . . . It is high t i m e t o f i n a l l y d i s p e l a l l these v e r y d a n g e rous illusions on the possibility of unity o r peace m a k i n g w i t h t h e D i t m a n n s a n d C r i s p i n s , w i t h the r i g h t w i n g o f the I n d e pendent Social-Democratic Party of G e r many, with the Independent Workers P a r t y o f E n g l a n d , w i t h the S o c i a l i s t P a r t y o f F r a n c e etc. I t i s h i g h t i m e f o r a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r y w o r k e r s t o get r i d o f these e l e ments in their parties and to f o r m genuine u n i t e d c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s o f the p r o l e t a r i a t (V. I . L e n i n , A g a i n s t R e v i s i o n i s m A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , p p . 616 & 617). T h e f i g h t against o p p o r t u n i s t s a n d r e f o r m i s t s , the c l e a r - c u t s e p a r a t i o n f r o m t h e m , w a s c o n s i d e r e d by L e n i n as an essential condition for admittance t o t h e C o m m u n i s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d f o r its v e r y existence.

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Parties desiring to take p a r t i n the C o m m u n i s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l , s a y the c o n d i t i o n s f o r a d m i s s i o n t o the C o m i n t e r n d r a w n u p b y L e n i n , are o b l i g e d t o accept t h e i n d i s p e n s a b i l i t y o f s e v e r i n g a l l connections, t o t a l l y a n d absolutely, w i t h the r e f o r m i s t s a n d w i t h t h e p o l i c y of the center a n d to p r o p a g a t e t h i s a m o n g t h e w i d e s t circles o f t h e m e m b e r s o f their parties. If this is not done it is impossib l e to c a r r y out a consistent c o m m u n i s t p o l i c y (V. I . L e n i n , W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 31, page 227). I n the C o n d i t i o n s w e r e a d f u r t h e r : E v e r y organization desiring to take part i n the C o m i n t e r n , i s d u t y b o u n d t o r e g u l a r l y a n d s y s t e m a t i c a l l y r e m o v e f r o m posts o f m o r e o r less r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n the w o r k e r s ' movement (from party organizations, editor i a l boards, t r a d e u n i o n s , p a r l i a m e n t a r y f r a c tions, cooperatives, m u n i c i p a l i t i e s a n d so on) r e f o r m i s t s a n d p a r t i s a n s o f the center a n d to replace t h e m w i t h l o y a l communists n o t f e a r i n g t h a t a t t i m e s the n e e d m a y a r i s e a t f i r s t t o r e p l a c e e x p e r i e n c e d leaders w i t h p l a i n w o r k e r s (idem, 226). Speaking of Lenin's principled and determ i n e d s t r u g g l e against opportunists of various hues, S t a l i n has s a i d :

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 E v e r y b o l s h e v i k , if he is a t r u e b o l s h e v i k , k n o w s that, L e n i n , l o n g b e f o r e t h e w a r , a p p r o x i m a t e l y s i n c e 1903-1904, w h e n t h e b o l shevik groups were formed in Russia and w h e n the l e f t i s t a p p e a r e d i n G e r m a n s o c i a l democracy, pursued the line of splitting w i t h and separating f r o m the opportunists, even in our country, in the Social-Democrat P a r t y of R u s s i a , as w e l l as o v e r there, at the I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the G e r m a n S o c i a l - D e m o c r a c y . E v e r y b o l s h e v i k k n o w s that i t w a s f o r t h i s r e a s o n t h a t the b o l s h e v i k s g a i n e d a m o n g t h e r a n k s o f the o p p o r t u n i s t s o f the I I n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l , the g l o r i o u s f a m e as splitters a n d disorganizers as e a r l y as 1903-1905 (J. V . S t a l i n . W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 13, p. 83). L o y a l t o these r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s a n d i n s p i r e d b y t h e m , the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s o f E u r o p e h a v e r i s e n a n d are d a i l y r i s i n g t o w a g e a g r a n d h i s t o r i c b a t t l e t o f r e e E u r o p e f r o m the v e n o m o u s clutches o f K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m . T h e p r e sent a n d f u t u r e o f s o c i a l i s m and communism d e m a n d this d e t e r m i n e d b a t t l e against the h i g h t r e a s o n o f t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , the v i t a l i n t e rests of the w o r k i n g class a n d of the people of the e n t i r e w o r l d d e m a n d it, the h o n o r a n d r e v o lutionary dignity of the European proletariat dem a n d it. The imperialists and Khrushchevite revisionists are s t r i v i n g t o s m o t h e r the r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t

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in Europe and to t u r n E u r o p e together w i t h N o r t h A m e r i c a into a stronghold of political and ideolog i c a l r e a c t i o n i n o r d e r t o c u r b the r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement and revolutionary thought throughout the w o r l d . B u t t h e y w i l l n e v e r succeed i n a c h i e v ing their goal. The Europe of M a r x , Engels, L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , the E u r o p e o f the C o m m u n i s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l , t h e E u r o p e o f the h e r o i c P a r i s C o m m u n e and of the Great October Socialist Revolution, of the S p a n i s h W a r a n d o f the A n t i - f a s c i s t R e s i s t ance has i n e x h a u s t i b l e r e v o l u t i o n a r y forces a n d energies w h i c h h a v e n o t d i e d a n d w h i c h w i l l n e v e r die. T h e r e a r e colossal M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces i n the E u r o p e a n c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t . T h e y are a l w a y s a l i v e , t h e y a r e f i g h t i n g each d a y w i t h m o r e p l u c k a n d courage, w i t h m o r e d e t e r mination. In m a n y countries like B e l g i u m , Italy, France, England, Austria, Spain, Portugal, S w i t z e r l a n d , t h e N e t h e r l a n d s , the U S A a n d e l s e w h e r e they h a v e a l r e a d y been o r g a n i z e d i n t o M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d g r o u p s . T h e y exist, resist a n d fight everywhere, even w i t h i n those E u r o p e a n communist and workers' parties headed today by followers of N. Khrushchev's group. A t the p r e s e n t d i f f i c u l t m o m e n t s , w h e n E u rope has b e c o m e t h e b a s t i o n o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s in Europe and N o r t h A m e r i c a d o n o t v i e w the s i t u a t i o n w i t h p e s s i m i s m a n d d o n o t feel isolated. I n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t there exists t o d a y a n u n b r e a k able u n i t y o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s the w o r l d o v e r . T h e E u r o p e a n M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s are u n i t e d

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i n a b o d y w i t h the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s a n d revolutionary M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s throughout the w o r l d , f o r E u r o p e c a n n o t s t a n d aloof f r o m o t h e r continents, for the r e v o l u t i o n a r y communist m o v e ment in E u r o p e is an inseparable, important and w o r t h y part of the w o r l d revolutionary c o m m u nist m o v e m e n t . T h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y marxists of Europe and N o r t h A m e r i c a as a comp o n e n t p a r t o f t h e s t r u g g l e o f a l l the c o m m u n i s t s of the w o r l d , is today of special international significance, for they militate inside the bastion of modern revisionism, and this bastion must be u n d e r m i n e d , b l o w n i n the air, i t m u s t b e t u r n e d to ashes a n d dust. T h e revisionists launch all kinds of t r u m p e d u p charges a n d epithets against the h e a l t h y M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces i n E u r o p e , t h e y t r y t h e i r u t t e r most to paralyze their revolutionary activities and to silence t h e i r voice, because t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s are a l a r m e d a t the g r o w t h o f these forces w h i c h s p e l l t h e i r i n e v i t a b l e d o o m . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s m u s t not be permitted to attain their anti-Marxist and ret r o g r e s s i v e objectives. T o c o n f r o n t the f o r c e o f propaganda and organization w h i c h the revisionists f o u n d i n g o o d s h a p e i n the c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, a n d w h i c h t h e y u t i l i z e d t o f u r t h e r t h e i r t r e a c h e r o u s ends, the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s o f E u r o p e place t h e i r o r g a n i z e d force, l e g a l a n d c l a n destine, w i t h t h e i r w o r k i n a n d outside the p a r t y , establishing and consolidating new M a r x i s t - L e n i nist p a r t i e s a n d g r o u p s , s t r i v i n g w i t h i n the p a r t y to safeguard the principles w h i c h the revisionists

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are t r a m p l i n g u n d e r foot, against r e v i s i o n i s t tactics i n o r d e r t o n a r r o w d o w n the sphere o f a c t i v i t y o f the revisionists, i n o r d e r t o expose t h e i r l i n e a n d t h e i r designs, i n o r d e r t o isolate t h e m f r o m t h e c o m m u n i s t masses a n d t o s m a s h t h e m once a n d for all time. Marxist-Leninists should especially be on their g u a r d against the quietude, silence w h i c h t h e Khrushchevite revisionists holding sway in the S o v i e t U n i o n are t r y i n g t o m a i n t a i n . T h e p r e s e n t S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s leaders a r e t o d a y in a p r e d i c a m e n t because o f the mess w h i c h N . K h r u s h c h e v ' s d o w n f a l l has p l a c e d t h e m i n . T h e e c o n o m i c d i f f i culties caused b y K h r u s h c h e v i t e a n t i - m a r x i s t p o l i c y a n d methods, t h e l i q u i d a t i o n o f h u n d r e d s a n d t h o u s a n d s o f s o u n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y cadres i n t h e p a r t y a n d state, the base s l a n d e r s against t h e l i f e a n d deeds of S t a l i n , against the socialist order, the d i c t a t o r s h i p of the p r o l e t a r i a t , the p o l i c y of s h a m e f u l capitulation and subservience to i m p e r i a l i s m w h i c h has d i s c r e d i t e d the a u t h o r i t y a n d p r e s t i g e o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , contacts a n d alliances w i t h American imperialism and various reactionary forces j e o p a r d i z i n g the i n t e r e s t s of the S o v i e t U n i o n itself, of the socialist c a m p a n d of t h e people, the c h a u v i n i s t a n d d i s s e n t i e n t l i n e of N. Khrushchev's group t o w a r d s the international c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t , the f r e n z i e d attacks and hostile attitude towards C h i n a a n d Albania, N. Khrushchev's entire revisionist and treacherous course w h i c h t h e present S o v i e t l e a d ers are p u r s u i n g w i t h persistence, h a v e a r o u s e d

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the deep d i s c o n t e n t of the c o m m u n i s t s a n d S o v i e t people, h a v e o p e n e d the eyes of m i l l i o n s of people who w e r e at first confused, and aroused their conscience against r e v i s i o n i s m , h a v e caused the resolute o p p o s i t i o n a n d t h e p r i n c i p l e d s t r u g g l e o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t forces t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d . T h e revolutionary Marxist-Leninists o f the S o v i e t U n i o n are w a k e n i n g a n d are w a g i n g a n a c t i v e a n d decisive b a t t l e o n a l l f r o n t s a g a i n s t t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s . O n the o t h e r h a n d , t h r o u g h his p o l i c y of dictate, of s u b m i s s i o n to the c o n d u c t o r ' s baton, N . K h r u s h c h e v c a u s e d serious gaps a m o n g h i s allies, a m o n g the r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p i n g s , i n c l i n a t i o n s t o b r e a k loose f r o m t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , tendencies t o b e m o r e i n d e p e n d e n t a n d t o f e e l f r e e r t o come i n t o closer contact w i t h i m p e r i a l i s m a n d the bourgeoisie, w h i c h h a v e not o n l y h a r m e d the p r e s t i g e a n d a u t h o r i t y o f t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders, b u t h a v e also caused f u r t h e r e c o n o m i c d i f f i c u l t i e s f o r the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e present S o v i e t l e a d e r s are p a s s i n g t h r o u g h a t r a n s i t o r y p e r i o d t r y i n g t o f i n d a w a y out. t r y i n g to a d o p t a n e w tactics in o r d e r to s i d e t r a c k the o p p o s i t i o n a n d b l o w s o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d in order to reaffirm their unchanged revisionist l i n e a n d k e e p t h e i r f r i e n d s , i f not u n d e r t h e i r d i r e c t l e a d e r s h i p a s before, a t least t o h i n d e r t h e m f r o m c o n d u c t i n g a p o l i c y i n d e p e n d e n t of the S o v i e t l e a d ers, w i t h o u t c o n s u l t i n g t h e l a t t e r a t a l l . It is precisely this critical, intricate position that m a k e s the p r e s e n t S o v i e t leaders r e s o r t to this silence o r quietude. O n t h e s u r f a c e t h e y a p p e a r

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t o b e m o r e m o d e r a t e t h a n t h e i r chief, N . K h r u s h chev, l e a v i n g the d e c e p t i v e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t t h e y c a n b e corrected, w h i l e i n r e a l i t y t h e y p e r s i s t i n their former Khrushchevite line. S u c h a p e r i o d of silence a n d q u i e t u d e is to the interest o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d t o t h e d e t r i m e n t o f the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t h e cause o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d s o c i a l i s m , because d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d the r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e c o n s o l i d a t i n g their positions to deal a heavier b l o w to M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m . O n the o t h e r h a n d , t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s , esp e c i a l l y those o f the U S A , c o n t i n u e t o b e m o r e a c t i v e i n t h e i r r e l a t i o n s w i t h the r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d exert more all-round pressure on them to compel t h e m t o m a k e f u r t h e r concessions a n d get closer t o the i m p e r i a l i s t s , w h i l e t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f t h i s silence t o r e - e s t a b l i s h a l l t h e connections a n d r e l a t i o n s w h i c h N . K h r u s h c h e v had maintained w i t h the imperialists, w h i c h they h a v e n e i t h e r b r o k e n n o r rejected. T h e r e f o r e , M a r xist-Leninists, revolutionary communists should n o t b e m i s l e d b y the n e w m a n e u v e r s a n d tactics of the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists, should not be t r a p p e d b y the p e r i o d o f silence t h e y h a v e e n c o u raged, s h o u l d e n t e r t a i n n o i l l u s i o n s t o w a r d s t h e present S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders, n o r c o n f u s e t h e m w i t h the Soviet U n i o n , w i t h the r e v o l u t i o n a r y S o v i e t people, b u t s h o u l d persist i n t h e i r p r i n c i p l e d s t r u g g l e t o expose m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m . T h e s t r u g g l e against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m i n i t s c r a d l e i n E u r o p e i s n o t a n e a s y one, i t d e m a n d s g r e a t e f f o r t s a n d sacrifices. B u t c o m m u n i s t s a n d

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g e n u i n e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s h a v e s p a r e d n o n e o f these f o r the g r a n d cause. T h e y have never recoiled b e f o r e the e n e m y e v e n a t t h e t i m e o f b l a c k react i o n , a t the t i m e o f fascist c r u e l t y . I t i s h i g h t i m e for the revolutionary communists to rise against b e t r a y a l , t o v a n q u i s h m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m , t o create the f o r m e r M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t - S t a l i n i s t u n i t y o f a l l communists w h i c h consolidated the positions of socialism and c o m m u n i s m in the w o r l d , w h i c h brought so m a n y gains to the proletariat and dealt such deadly blows to imperialism a n d reaction t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d . S o m e t i m e ago great L e n i n wrote: f r o m the p o i n t o f v i e w o f the d e v e l o p m e n t of the international revolution the transition f r o m Chartism to the Hendersons w h o behave w i t h s e r v i l i t y towards the bourgeoisie, f r o m V a r l a i n to Renodeli, or f r o m W i l h e l m Liebknecht and Bebel to Z y d e k u m Scheidem a n a n d N o s k e (that is, f r o m r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s to o p p o r t u n i s t s a n d t r a i t o r s ed.) is n o t h i n g else b u t t r a n s i t i o n o f a v e h i c l e f r o m a flat smooth road hundreds of kilometers in length to a s t i n k i n g f i l t h y pool along the same highway, to a p o o l a f e w y a r d s in l e n g t h (V. I . L e n i n , W o r k s , A l b a n i a n e d i t i o n , v o l . 33, p. 389). T h e r e i s n o t t h e least d o u b t t h a t a t p r e s e n t too, the t r a n s i t i o n f r o m S t a l i n ' s r e v o l u t i o n a r y p e r i o d t o renegade K h r u s h c h e v a n d his f o l l o w e r s is also a p i t

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o f this k i n d a f e w y a r d s i n l e n g t h f u l l o f g r i m y s l u s h o n the b r o a d a n d s h i n i n g b o u l e v a r d o f p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n w h i c h leads i n e v i t a b l y t o t h e c o m p l e t e t r i u m p h o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m the w o r l d over. K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m i s a n u g l y sore i n the s o u n d b o d y o f t h e E u r o p e a n a n d i n t e r national revolutionary communist movement, w h i c h m u s t b e healed, a n d w i l l b e h e a l e d , w i t h a c o u r a geous o p e r a t i o n b y the r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o m m u n i s t s . M o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m w i l l meet w i t h s h a m e f u l a n d i n e v i t a b l e f a i l u r e , j u s t a s its predecessors f a i l e d i n the days gone b y .

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T H E WORKING CLASS IN REVISIONIST COUNTRIES MUST T A K E THE FIELD A N D RE-ESTABLISH THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT

Reproduced f r o m the Zri i Popullit daily, d a t e d M a r c h 24, 1968

In all the countries w h e r e revisionists are in p o w e r , t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t i s b e i n g smashed a n d replaced by the dictatorship of the b o u r g e o i s i e , the socialist r e g i m e is b e i n g r e p l a c e d b y the c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i s r e g i m e a n d the p a r t y o f the proletariat, degenerated f r o m w i t h i n , is n o w b u t a s m o k e s c r e e n to c o n c e a l t h i s t r e a s o n , to s u p press t h e v i g i l a n c e a n d l e g i t i m a t e r e v o l t o f t h e w o r k i n g class a n d o f l a b o r i n g people. The vigilance and legitimate violence of the working class against the class enemies is what scares the revisionists to death. It is the only force that can subdue them, it is the only way out from this disastrous situation in which socialism and communism find themselves today in the countries where the revisionists are in power. Thus, the revival and fanning of the flames of the proletarian revolution in these countries is the sine qua non of the road of salvation. No other road, as events have been unfolded a n d a r e r o l l i n g on, c a n b e o f a n y s t a b l e a n d l a s t i n g b e nefit to the dictatorship of the proletariat and s o c i a l i s m . A n y o t h e r course c a n s e r v e o n l y a s a posture of compromise, h a r m f u l and temporary, w i t h g r a v e consequences f o r s o c i a l i s m .

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It is only the working class at the head of the masses, it is only the working class headed by its real Marxist-Leninist party, it is only the working class through armed revolution, through violence, that can and must bury the traitorous revisionists. A l l the c o u n t r i e s w h e r e the r e v i s i o n i s t s are i n power, w i t h o u t exception, whether they are the v a n g u a r d , s u c h a s Y u g o s l a v i a , the S o v i e t U n i o n , Hungary, Czechoslovakia, P o l a n d , etc., o r those that, w i t h d i f f e r e n t m a s k s , c o n c e a l a n d c a m o u f l a g e t h e i r revisionist, a n t i - M a r x i s t line, h a v e t u r n e d i n t o c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i s countries, o r a r e r a p i d l y g o i n g d o w n i n t o t h i s d i r t y morass. The main issue on the agenda of the revisionist traitorous cliques that are in power consists only in choosing the most reliable forms to attain the aim of restoring capitalism, of strengthening and stabilizing their positions, without arousing the suspicion and awakening the vigilance of the working class and laboring people in order to avoid any setbacks, disturbances and, finally, to be in a position to suppress revolution when it breaks out. This is the essence of the revisionists' quandary. T h e o t h e r i t e m o n the a g e n d a f o r t h e m , w i t h i n t h e f r a m e w o r k o f this d i s i n t e g r a t i o n , t o a t t a i n t h e p u r p o s e of r e s t o r i n g capitalism, consists in the efforts of each clique to escape the tutelage of the most powerful, and yet to have its aid in general, particularly when they see their positions are weak. W i t h this is connected the degree of i n t e r d e p e n dence, w h i l e t h e m o r e p o w e r f u l a m o n g t h e m i s s e e k i n g t o d o m i n a t e the t r e n d s a n d c h a n n e l t h e m

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t o w a r d s the i n t e r e s t o f t h e b i g S t a t e . O f course, s u c h a t h i n g cannot w o r k out successfully for a l l parties or continually. A n o t h e r i t e m o n t h e a g e n d a o f these cliques i s the t e n d e n c y a n d t h e g r e a t care t o f i n d d i f f e r e n t means of camouflaging the diversity of forms of a c t i o n , w h i c h , sometimes, a r e m o r e a d v a n c e d a n d less c a m o u f l a g e d t h a n those o f t h e f e l l o w cliques. T h e s e pioneers serve t h e c a p i t a l i s t forces w h i c h i n s p i r e t h e r e v i s i o n i s t cliques t o i n s t i g a t e o t h e r s t o s p e e d u p the course a s m u c h a s possible, t o b r e a k t h e resistance o f those r e v i s i o n i s t cliques w h i c h , o u t o f necessity, a r e m o r e c o n s e r v a t i v e because the s w o r d of D a m o c l e s t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n h a n g s o v e r t h e heads o f t h e m a l l . The revisionists are seeking to camouflage all t h e c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y actions f o r the seizure o f p o w e r a n d t h e e f f o r t s t h e y are m a k i n g t o c o n s o l i d a t e t h i s p o w e r , by creating and inculcating into the minds of the working class the illusion that their Marxist-Leninist party is allegedly in power, that it is itself directing all this development and transformation along the real road of socialism and communism . T h i s is the m o s t d a n g e r o u s disguise, b y w h i c h t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e s e e k i n g t o w a r d o f f the d e c i s i v e b l o w s o f the w o r k i n g class. Therefore, they try to tell the working class that every criticism, every revolt or opposition to their revisionist course is an anti-Marxist deviation, is a crime against Leninism, against socialism, against the party of the working class. T h e revisionists i n j e c t t h i s dose o f o p i u m t h r o u g h the press a n d

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t h e i r false p r o p a g a n d a . A c o m p l e t e f a b r i c a t i o n i n itself, t h e y i n j e c t i t b y d e p r i v i n g t h e p a r t y , i n t h e o r y a n d practice, o f a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; they inject it by m a k i n g an allegedly M a r x i s t i n t e r pretation of every political, economic and administ r a t i v e a c t i o n o f t h e i r s i n the d i r e c t i o n o f the r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m . T h i s false i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e i r f o r e i g n policy, o f t h e i r relations, a l l i a n c e s a n d t h e i r u n d e r h a n d d e a l i n g s w i t h the c a p i t a l i s t s i s a l s o necessary t o the r e v i s i o n i s t s in order to l u l l the v i g i l a n c e o f t h e w o r k i n g masses o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e countries. In all these cunning actions the revisionists set in motion the new corrupted class of bureaucrats who impose upon the working class and the masses through the force of their regime, their length of service, their rotten hearts hidden under rows of medals. T h u s t h e y create the i m p r e s s i o n i n t h e w o r k i n g class t h a t it i s i m p o s s i b l e t h a t a l l these ' f i n e f e l l o w s ' c o u l d b e t r a y the p a r t y , t h e class a n d socialism. L e t u s d r a w some lessons, some c o n c l u s i o n s f r o m this r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n . Let us start with Hungary. In t h e e u p h o r i a of the a d v e n t t o p o w e r o f K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m , b u t at a m o m e n t w h e n it h a d n o t yet c o n s o l i d a t e d its positions, w o r l d c a p i t a l i s m , its T i t o i t e a g e n c y a n d the i n t e r n a l M a g y a r r e a c t i o n a r y b o u r g e o i s i e l a u n c h e d the a r m e d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n against t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t and the W o r k e r s ' P a r t y o f H u n g a r y , t h i n k i n g i t w a s the w e a k e s t l i n k o f t h e c h a i n o f the socialist c o u n t r i e s . A n d s o i t w a s

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indeed. Rakosi's party melted a w a y like snow in rain. B u t w o r l d capitalism and Titoism had not chosen the correct m o m e n t : they w e r e convinced of K h r u s h c h e v ' s treacherous line, but they d i d not t a k e account o f t h e fact t h a t h i s p o s i t i o n s w e r e n o t yet stabilized and, although he hesitated to resort t o t a n k s , h e w a s f i n a l l y o b l i g e d t o d o so. O t h e r w i s e his road of treason could have been compromised. B u t i n connection w i t h the H u n g a r i a n counter-rev o l u t i o n the f o l l o w i n g facts m u s t b e p o i n t e d o u t : 1. T h e H u n g a r i a n counter-revolution was i n i t i a t e d b y s o m e i n t e l l e c t u a l s a n d students. T h e s e w a v e r i n g s t r a t a , d e p r i v e d of t h e i n f l u e n c e of a g e n u i n e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y , b e c a m e reserves a n d squads of the counter-revolutionary attack under the d i r e c t i o n o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e . The Hungarian w r i t e r s w e r e i n the v a n o f this c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n . 2 . T h e H u n g a r i a n w o r k i n g class i n g e n e r a l a n d t h a t o f B u d a p e s t i n p a r t i c u l a r , despite the r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s i n h e r i t e d f r o m the 1919 p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n , w a s u n a b l e t o d e f e n d its p o w e r a n d gains. On the contrary, a considerable part of t h e w o r k i n g class, e s p e c i a l l y i n B u d a p e s t , w a s activated in favour of the counter-revolutionaries. It became therefore a reserve of reaction. T h i s means, in other words, that the w o r k of Rakosi's party was not w e l l grounded, it was superficial. T h e w o r k i n g class d i d n o t f u l l y recognize i t a s t h e i r l e a d e r . T h i s w a s t h e greatest a n d m o s t d a n gerous evil. 3. T h e counter-revolution entirely liquidated R a k o s i ' s p a r t y w i t h i n a f e w days, w h i l e c o u n t e r -

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r e v o l u t i o n a r y J a n o s K a d a r p r o m u l g a t e d the d e c r e e f o r its o f f i c i a l d i s s o l u t i o n . 4 . D u r i n g t h e f e w days o f c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n i n H u n g a r y m a n y bourgeois, c a p i t a l i s t a n d fascist parties immediately sprang up l i k e mushrooms a f ter rain. T h u s , the H u n g a r i a n counter-revolution w a s suppressed b y m e a n s o f S o v i e t t a n k s , a t h i n g w h i c h c a n n o l o n g e r b e repeated. T h e same t r a i t o r w h o l i q u i d a t e d the p a r t y , u n d e r the dictate o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s , p r o m u l g a t e d the o t h e r decree f o r the r e - f o u n d i n g o f the n e w a l l e g e d l y M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y , the H u n g a r i a n r e v i s i o n ist p a r t y , a s t i l l w o r s e o n e t h a n t h a t of R a k o s i . The Hungarian counter-revolution was suppressed b y c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s . T h u s , b o t h w i n g s o f the p u t s c h w e r e b o u n d t o come t o g e t h e r , as they did. They w o u l d build up their o w n H u n gary, a s t h e y d i d b u i l d it. T h e y w o u l d r e s t o r e c a p i t a l i s m , a s t h e y are r e s t o r i n g it. D r a w i n g lessons f r o m the b l o o d s h e d and, a f t e r h a v i n g p a i d a b l o o d y r a n s o m f o r its h a s t y actions, H u n g a r i a n r e a c t i o n i s n o w c a r r y i n g out a t l e i s u r e its r e f o r m s o f r a d i cal capitalist transformation independently, a n d w i t h o u t a n y t r o u b l e f r o m the S o v i e t forces a n d tanks w h i c h remain on Hungarian territory. T h e H u n g a r i a n b o u r g e o i s i e is, so to speak, g o i n g a b o u t its business, t h i s t i m e u n d e r the p r o t e c t i o n o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v tanks. The H u n g a r i a n capitalist b o u r geoisie, h o s t i l e t o the w o r k i n g class, d i s g u i s e d u n d e r the b a n n e r o f t h e p a r t y , i s l u l l i n g t h e w o r k i n g class t o sleep w h i l e f o r g i n g n e w c h a i n s

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f o r it. T h e c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i s i e has a s its v a n guard the o l d and n e w revisionist intelligentsia in complete identity of views and u n i t y of action. Let u s take Poland. A s i n H u n g a r y , i n P o l a n d , too, i n 1956 b l o o d y demonstrations started in P o z n a n and w e r e suppressed by tanks, this time Polish and not Soviet tanks. The P o l i s h C h u r c h and reaction had a hand in it and K h r u s h c h e v was a f r a i d of P o l a n d detaching itself completely f r o m the S o v i e t U n i o n ; t h e r e f o r e h e t h r e a t e n e d G o m u l k a w i t h a t a n k i n v a s i o n b u t G o m u l k a resisted a n d K h r u s h c h e v , w i l l y - n i l l y , s m i l e d a n d e m b r a c e d the fascist G o m u l k a , as he used to describe h i m behind his back. B u t n o w , i n r e c e n t d a y s , e v e n t s i n P o l a n d are u n f o l d i n g o t h e r w i s e . T h e y h a v e t a k e n a n o t h e r aspect w h i c h i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f a l l the r e v i s i o n i s t countries. In P o l a n d there have started demonstrations, clashes, b l o o d y e n c o u n t e r s b e t w e e n G o m u l k a ' s p o l i c e a n d the w r i t e r s , i n t e l l i g e n t s i a a n d s t u dents w h o a r e d e m a n d i n g freedom, f u l l d e m o cracy, l i b e r a l i s m . T h i s t i m e , t h e P o l i s h c o u n t e r revolutionaries, w h o have risen against the G o m u l k a r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , greet a n d express solidarity w i t h the Czechoslovak counterrevolutionaries. The Polish reactionary intelligentsia, d i r e c t e d b y w o r l d c a p i t a l i s m , b y the c l e r g y a n d by Z i o n i s m , are not satisfied w i t h the G o m u l k a revisionist clique a n d w a n t to make short w o r k o f t h e m , a s the n e w D u b c e k S l o v a k c l i q u e are d o i n g w i t h the N o v o t n y revisionist clique w h o w i l l be referred to below. In Poland, as it was in Hungary,

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the r e a c t i o n a r y i n t e l l i g e n t s i a a n d t h e students a r e i n t h e v a n o f the c l a i m s , t h e p a r t y o r g a n i s a t i o n i s w o r m - e a t e n , the o r g a n s o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p are, f o r the t i m e b e i n g , i n the s e r v i c e o f t h e G o m u l k a c l i q u e a n d the w o r k i n g class does n o t react, it does not c o m e o u t in the street to do the necessary c l e a n i n g . W i l l t h e G o m u l k a c l i q u e b e able t o s u b d u e this tide w h i c h i s r i s i n g ? W e s h a l l see. B u t o f i m p o r tance i s t h e last t i d e w h i c h m u s t b e p r e p a r e d t o w i p e f r o m P o l a n d ' s face a l l t h e o v e r t a n d c o v e r t traitors. This salutary tide w i l l be the proletarian r e v o l u t i o n o f t h e P o l i s h w o r k i n g class l e d b y the Polish Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist). Let us take Czechoslovakia. T h e S o v i e t r e v i sionists u s e d t o t r u m p e t a b r o a d t h a t C z e c h o s l o v a k i a w a s t h e i r most p o w e r f u l b a s t i o n , the most f a i t h f u l c o u n t r y o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s , a n d A n t o n i n N o v o t n y the most i n t i m a t e , the m o s t earnest a n d most authoritative man of the revisionist clan next to the Soviets. T h e s e claims, too, a s w e h a d forecast, come t o n o t h i n g , n o t because N o v o t n y a n d h i s r e v i sionist c l i q u e w e r e n o t a f a i t h f u l a g e n c y of the K h r u s h c h e v i t e s , b u t because t h e y c o u l d n o t c a r r y o u t the orders t h a t the M o s c o w bosses u s e d to g i v e t h e m . As a m a t t e r of fact, the d e a d horse of t h e Soviets, A n t o n i n N o v o t n y , sank i n t o the r e v i s i o n i s t m i r e w h i c h h e h i m s e l f created, w h i l e t h e other horse r e p l a c i n g h i m , D u b c e k , has t a k e n the b i t i n h i s teeth a n d i s n o w b o l t i n g t o w a r d s t h e w e s t e r n fields, w h e r e the gates o f the F r e n c h a n d W e s t G e r m a n capitalists are s t a n d i n g o p e n f o r h i m a s

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t h e y h a d stood f o r t h e i r o l d i l l - f a m e d agents M a s a r y k , Benes, T i s o , H a c h a a n d others. H o w is the new counter-revolution in Czechoslovakia u n f o l d i n g ? Openly, against A n t o n i n N o v o t n y a n d h i s c l i q u e , c o n s e q u e n t l y a g a i n s t the S o viet revisionist yoke. T h e y are openly going over to capitalism, to the s y s t e m o f t h a n one p a r t y , t o the c a p i t a l i s t S t a t e s y s t e m a n d the u n d i s g u i s e d l i q u i d a t i o n o f the d i c tatorship of the proletariat, to the capitalist system in economy, education and culture. T h e y are openly preaching not only coexistence, b u t s o l i d ties w i t h t h e w e s t e r n capitalists. H o m a g e i s b e i n g p a i d a t the grave of M a s a r y k , f a t h e r a n d son, a t t h e g r a v e o f Benes, w h o are a l l b e i n g n o i s i l y r e h a b i l i t a t e d , e v e n t h e fascists, a n d a l l o f t h e m are b e i n g d e s c r i b e d a s d i s t i n g u i s h e d men, v i c t i m s o f t h e S t a l i n i s t t e r r o r a n d o f t h e e r r o n e o u s p o l i c y n o t o n l y o f the N o v o t n y c l i q u e , but also o f G o t t w a l d , thus, o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of C z e c h o s l o v a k i a a n d , of course, of S t a l i n , of the Comintern. In short, C z e c h o s l o v a k i a is g o i n g at a r a p i d tempo and without m u c h subterfuge and demagogy t o w a r d s c a p i t a l i s m , t o the c o m p l e t e p o l i t i c a l , i d e o logical, economic a n d State restoration of the capitalist bourgeois republic. B y w h a t m e a n s a n d f o r m s i s this process u n f o l d i n g ? T h e C z e c h o s l o v a k process s h o u l d not b e t a k e n s e p a r a t e l y f r o m a l l t h e processes w h i c h a r e t a k i n g place i n the e n t i r e r e v i s i o n i s t h e r d . T h i s i s the result of the disintegration, of the great con-

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t r a d i c t i o n s w h i c h exist w i t h i n the r e v i s i o n i s t c l a n , w i t h i n t h e d i f f e r e n t tendencies e x i s t i n g i n the c l a n o f each i n d i v i d u a l r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r y , o f the i n t e r national contradictions. Thus, the Czechoslovak d i s i n t e g r a t i o n a n d the course i t has t a k e n a r e n o t h i n g e x t r a o r d i n a r y . N o t h i n g s h o u l d s u r p r i s e us. T h i s is quite normal. S o i s the o v e r t m a n n e r o f t h e i r actions, a n d t h i s f o r t w o r e a s o n s : o n the o n e h a n d a p a r t o f the C z e c h o s l o v a k people, i n d e e d of the C z e c h o s l o v a k w o r k i n g class also, a r e p r e p a r e d , are p r e d i s p o sed f o r this l i b e r a l r o a d , a s t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s c a l l it. C o m m u n i s m has been f o r t h e m a m e r e l a b e l , an incident, a n d the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of Czechosl o v a k i a , d u r i n g the w h o l e p e r i o d f r o m L i b e r a t i o n o n w a r d has not o n l y failed to w o r k on solid g r o u n d s , b u t i n fact i t has m a d e l i t t l e i m p r e s s i o n o n the n a t u r e , the p o l i t i c a l i n c l i n a t i o n s , the p o l i t i c a l a n d c u l t u r a l gusto a n d taste of a p a r t of the people w h o e v e n u n d e r the socialist r e g i m e w e r e p r e s e r v i n g a n d developing capitalist bourgeois feelings in accentuated forms. O n the other h a n d , the n e w C z e c h o s l o v a k course t o w a r d s c a p i t a l i s m p r o v e s the f u r t h e r rottenness o f the p o w e r o f S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s m w h i c h , p l u n g e d i n t h e m o r a s s i t has itself created, i s n o longer able to threaten its opponents either p o l i t i cally or economically or even militarily. I t has become a slave of the s y s t e m a n d t r e a c h e r y it created. T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e o b l i g e d t o g i v e a s i c k l y s m i l e at the c a l a m i t i e s w h i c h a r e d e s c e n d ing on them. The further Czechoslovak revisionist

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c o u r s e n o w e n j o y s the f u l l s u p p o r t not o n l y o f t h e U.S., F r e n c h a n d W e s t - G e r m a n i m p e r i a l i s t s , but, o f course, o f the T i t o i t e s , o f t h e n e u t r a l r e v i s i o n ists a n d , i n petto, o f the H u n g a r i a n r e v i s i o n i s t s as w e l l . A m o r e or less o r g a n i z e d f o r c e is t a k i n g shape, a l w a y s w i t h i n the f r a m e w o r k o f the d i s i n t e g r a t i o n o f a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e f r o m the S o v i e t , P o l i s h a n d o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o are v e r y m u c h a f r a i d o f the s p r e a d o f the e p i d e m i c w h i c h has l e d t o the c l e a r i n g o u t o f the stables a n d r e p l a c i n g the o l d r e v i s i o n i s t horses w i t h n e w ones. T h e n e w C z e c h c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s resort t o n e w a n d m u l t i l a t e r a l m e t h o d s . T h e y a t t a c h great i m p o r t a n c e t o the c o m p l e t e t a k i n g i n t o t h e i r h a n d s o f the i n t e r n a l s i t u a t i o n , w i t h o u t n e g l e c t i n g t h e f o r e i g n p o l i c y . N a t u r a l l y , f o r d e m a g o g i c a l purposes, t h e y o f t e n speak o f f r i e n d s h i p w i t h the S o v i e t U n i o n , i n o r d e r t o c o m p l e t e l y u n d e r m i n e it. T h e i r p r i n c i p a l a i m i s the l i q u i d a t i o n o f N o v o t n y a n d o f h i s c l i q u e w h i c h i s p r o the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p , a n d the r e d u c t i o n o f the r e l a t i o n s w i t h the Soviet U n i o n to mere trade relations. The campaign for the liquidation of Novotny, for his exposure, for compromising h i m , and, finally, for his removal, w a s m a d e i n a r o u n d - a b o u t w a y . I n the v a n o f this campaign were the S l o v a k nationalists and their a n t i - C z e c h feelings, the o l d b o u r g e o i s i n t e l l e c t u a l s a n d the n e w r e v i s i o n i s t ones a s w e l l a s the s t u d e n t s a n d h o o l i g a n s , w h o c a m e out r e p e a t e d l y i n d e m o n s trations. T h e N o v o t n y g r o u p a n d t h e i r K r e m l i n bosses set the p o l i c e against t h e m b u t t o n o a v a i l . N o v o t n y ,

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f e e l i n g t h e noose t i g h t e n i n g a r o u n d h i s neck, c a l l e d the t a n k s t o P r a g u e , c o p y i n g the m e t h o d o f K h r u s h c h e v w h o s u r r o u n d e d the K r e m l i n w i t h t a n k s a n d , thus, s a v e d h i s h e a d . B u t N o v o t n y c o u l d n o t a t t a i n t h i s a i m a n d lost h i s case, p e r h a p s h i s head, too. T h e Dubcek group, to cover their aims, a r e resorting to apparently legal forms to purge the N o v o t n y c l i q u e . F i r s t o f a l l , this g r o u p m a d e s u r e o f the a r m y t h r o u g h f a i t h f u l cadres, f r a m e d u p t h e d e f l e c t i o n of a c e r t a i n a r m y g e n e r a l , d i s c r e d i t e d N o v o t n y , D e f e n c e M i n i s t e r L o m s k y , a n d set i n m o t i o n t h e obedient p a r t y , t h r o u g h p e t i t i o n s , rallies and student demostrations, to demand Novotny's immediate removal or resignation. T h e w h o l e o f this o p e r a t i o n i s b e i n g v e r y q u i c k l y c a r r i e d out, q u i e t l y a n d w i t h o u t strife, a m i d s t the f r a n t i c a p p l a u s e of w o r l d c a p i t a l i s m to w h o s e f o l d a s c a b b y goat has t h u s r e t u r n e d . W h a t w i l l the S o v i e t s d o ? N o t h i n g b u t t o t a k e N o v o t n y f o r t h e i r collection, i f h e i s a v a i l a b l e , a n d i n s t a l l h i m also i n a v i l l a n e a r R a k o s i ' s . A f t e r this p u r g e , i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a t h e y w i l l s t r i v e t o s t a b i l i z e the s i t u a t i o n a n d m a r c h t r i u m p h a n t l y t o w a r d s the W e s t . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e w h o l e s i t u a t i o n w i l l not e n d a t that. T h e r e w i l l b e g r e a t f r i c t i o n s a n d fierce p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c s t r u g g l e b o t h on the p a r t of the r e v i s i o n i s t s as w e l l as on t h a t of the C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s . I n these t w o countries, P o l a n d a n d C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , w h e r e t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s are i n p o w e r , the s a m e process o f c a p i t a l i s t d e g e n e r a t i o n i s t h u s t a k i n g place, w i t h t h e s a m e a i m s , forms and

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m e t h o d s , b u t w i t h d i f f e r e n t fates, w i t h d i f f e r e n t results. I n b o t h c o u n t r i e s , the n e w r e v i s i o n i s t c l i ques w h i c h w a n t t o speed u p t h e process o f t h e transformation of their countries into completely c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , a r e s t r i v i n g t o get r i d o f t h e N o v o t n y a n d G o m u l k a r e v i s i o n i s t cliques, these o l d r e v i s i o n i s t cliques. The anti-Czech and chauvinistic Slovak feelings, the r a d i c a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k economy into a capitalist economy, the radical t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f the present C z e c h o s l o v a k s t r u c t u r e a n d s u p e r - s t r u c t u r e w h i c h a r e f a v o r a b l e t o the r e t u r n t o c a p i t a l i s m , t h e m o r e active, b r o a d e r e c o n o m i c , c u l t u r a l a n d p o l i t i c a l ties w i t h capitalist States, t h e a n t i - S o v i e t feelings, t h e w e a k e n i n g o f a l l t h e ties w i t h t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s a l l o f these i n s p i r e a n d g u i d e the n e w C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v i sionist clique led by Dubcek. The old clique a n d the inveterate revisionist N o v o t n y are n o w isolated, smashed. E v e r y b o d y l e a v e s t h e s i n k i n g s h i p a n d e m b r a c e s the n e w road. T h u s , t h e c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n w i t h i n the counter-revolution f u l l y t r i u m p h e d in Czechoslovakia. T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e lost t h e i r p o l i t i c a l authority completely in Czechoslovakia and their i n f l u e n c e has s u f f e r e d a decline. To be sure, the Soviet revisionists, as far as we k n o w them, must h a v e e x e r t e d great p r e s s u r e s t o a v o i d t h e i r o w n disaster in Czechoslovakia, b u t t h e y h a v e been u n a b l e t o d o a n y t h i n g , a n d this g i v e s r e a s o n t o b e l i e v e t h a t t h e D u b c e k c l i q u e are d e t e r m i n e d t o

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advance on their road towards separation. T h e y e n j o y the g u a r a n t e e o f t h e W e s t . T h e S o v i e t s w i l l e x e r t e c o n o m i c pressures, t h e y w i l l stop s u p p l y i n g the r a w m a t e r i a l s needed b y C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , b u t i t i s c l e a r t h a t t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k s h a v e also e n v i saged t h i s e v e n t u a l i t y a n d h a v e t a k e n a n d w i l l t a k e f u r t h e r measures. T h e interests of w o r l d capitalism are visible in Central Europe and C z e h o s l o v a k i a i s its epicenter. On the other hand, capitalist Czechoslovakia s t r e n g t h e n s the c a p i t a l i s t p o s i t i o n s o f T i t o a n d C o , helps i n the c o m p l e t e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f K a d a r ' s H u n g a r y , w i t h h i m o r w i t h o u t h i m a t its h e a d ; i t helps t h e process i n P o l a n d . T h e w h o l e o f this s i t u a t i o n w h i c h i s b e i n g c r e a ted i n C e n t r a l E u r o p e w i l l s m a s h the W a r s a w T r e a t y a n d the E c o n o m i c M u t u a l A i d C o u n c i l , i t w i l l lead to bilateral and multilateral alliances, in a n e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t s p i r i t f r o m t h a t o f the e x i s t i n g ones, a n d the E c o n o m i c M u t u a l A i d C o u n c i l a n d the e c o n o m i c r e l a t i o n s w i l l change. T h e y w i l l b e suppressed, t h e y w i l l assume n e w f o r m s l e a d i n g t o a m a l g a m a t i o n w i t h t h e c a p i t a l i s t ones. This w h o l e capitalist transformation jeopardizes D e m o c r a t i c G e r m a n y , a n d the r e v i s i o n i s t s w i l l p u s h it, i n v a r i o u s f o r m s a n d w a y s , t o w a r d s its i n t e g r a t i o n w i t h B o n n ' s G e r m a n y . T h i s process i s u n d e r w a y . T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s are e n t i r e l y p a r a l y z e d . E c o n o m i c pressures are the o n l y w e a p ons r e m a i n i n g t o t h e m . B u t these, too, h a v e n o effect. C a p i t a l i s m has great interests i n f i n a n c i n g those w h o separate t h e m s e l v e s f r o m the S o v i e t

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U n i o n a n d t u r n t o w a r d s t h e W e s t . I t disposes o f capital for investments, it looks for new markets, f o r n e w colonies a n d n e w satellites. Thus, h a v i n g not profited m u c h f r o m t h e allegedly internationalist aid of the Soviet r e v i sionists, t h e n e w r e v i s i o n i s t c a p i t a l i s t s a r e c h a n g i n g t h e i r bus. T h i s g r e a t S o v i e t defeat i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e embarrassing position in w h i c h they find themselves a t h o m e . F o r a l o n g t i m e these s e p a r a t i o n s h a v e b e n t a k i n g place, a n d the S o v i e t c e n s o r s h i p has not permitted that domestic opinion should learn anything about them. T h i s shows h o w they f e a r t h e i r o w n people, t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , a s w e l l a s the n e w r e v i s i o n i s t s , lest t h e l a t t e r , a f f e c t e d b y t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k disease, m a y b u r s t f o r t h i n t h e streets against the c l i q u e , t o o v e r t h r o w a n d r e p l a c e i t w i t h a n o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e . I n this case K o s y g i n a n d B r e z h n e v w i l l act i n the s a m e w a y a s the c l a n o f r e v i s i o n i s t G o m u l k a i s a c t i n g i n P o land. T h e s a m e process a s i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a s t a r t e d also i n P o l a n d but, f o r t h e t i m e b e i n g , w i t h d i f f e r e n t results. The G o m u l k a clan temporarily c h e c k e d t h i s process, n o t because G o m u l k a i s m o r e i n t e l l i g e n t t h a n N o v o t n y , b u t because t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s are s o m e w h a t d i f f e r e n t i n P o l a n d , a n d t h a t i s w h y G o m u l k a ' s tactics are d i f f e r e n t a n d m a y a p p e a r m o r e clever. In Czechoslovakia it started w i t h the writers a n d students, b u t a m o n g s t t h e m t h e r e w a s p r e v a i l i n g , i n a d d i t i o n t o e v e r y t h i n g else, the Slovak

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nationalist anti-Czech feeling and the Czech n a t i o n a l i s t a n t i - S l o v a k f e e l i n g . T h e rest w a s c o m p l e mentary, except the anti-Soviet a n d pro-Western feeling w h i c h were in common. T h e process s t a r t e d i n t h e s a m e w a y i n P o l a n d , w i t h t h e s a m e tendencies, ideas a n d a i m s a s i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a . T h e G o m u l k a c l a n also r e s o r t e d t o police v i o l e n c e , a s N o v o t n y h a d done, b u t h a d b e t t e r success. P o l a n d i s n o t m a d e u p o f t w o p e o ples, as is the case in C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , t h e r e f o r e , that factor w h i c h played a role in Czhechoslovakia did not serve as an instigator in P o l a n d . G o m u l k a h a d to f i n d a scapegoat as an object f o r v i o l e n c e a n d h e f o u n d i t i n Z i o n i s m . T h u s , the d i s t u r bances i n P o l a n d w e r e created by Zionism. G o m u l k a does n o t m e n t i o n the C h u r c h , because t h a t m i g h t increase the d a n g e r o f the r e v o l t swelling and taking larger proportions. G o m u l k a is t r y i n g to keep the C h u r c h out of it and, in fact, the C h u r c h d i t n o t step i n t o t h e a r e n a , a l t h o u g h , a t o t h e r times, i t u s e d t o m a k e a p p e a l s a n d fiery demonstrations against G o m u l k a . It seems t h a t h e y h a v e c o m e t o t e r m s u n t i l t h i s t i d e passes a w a y . O n the other h a n d , G o m u l k a , r a b i d l y a n t i - S o v i e t , defends h i m s e l f a t these m o m e n t s u n d e r the s h a d o w o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o , i n the f i n a l a n a l y s i s , w h e n t h e y r e a l i z e t h a t t h e y h a v e lost e v e r y t h i n g i n P o l a n d , a n y w a y m a y e v e n d a r e t o i n t e r v e n e , a l l e g e d l y t o save P o l a n d , a l l e g e d l y to k e e p t h e roads open to c o m e to t h e a s s i s t a n ce of E a s t G e r m a n y , etc. W i l l i B r a n d t , o n his p a r t , a t h i s p a r t y ' s C o n -

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gress, d e c l a r e d t h a t it is n o r m a l to r e c o g n i z e t h e Oder-Neisse borders. This was an offer to P o l a n d to detach itself f r o m the Soviets, it w a s allegedly r e l i a n c e o n t h e people, o n G o m u l k a ' s persistent p o l i c y o n the G e r m a n - P o l i s h b o r d e r s a n d , f i n a l l y , it was an attempt to complete the encirclement of E a s t G e r m a n y a n d t o f o r m t h e cordon s a n i t a i r e a r o u n d the c a p i t a l i s t S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e r e s u l t o f a l l these c i r c u m s t a n c e s o f a n t i J u d a i s m , a n t i - S o v i e t i s m , etc., w a s t h a t t h e process of capitalism in Poland should continue according t o G o m u l k a . B u t this i s t e m p o r a r y . T h e p r o b l e m i s still on the agenda. The Polish revolutionaries, the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y ( M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t ) o f P o l a n d , t h e people a n d t h e w o r k i n g class, h a v e n o t y e t h a d t h e i r say. G o m u l k a e v e n l e d p a r t o f the w o r k i n g class i n d e m o n s t r a t i o n s . T h i s s h o w s h o w i l l - d e f i n e d the s i t u a t i o n i s there, h o w m u c h w o r k m u s t b e done b y the new Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) of Poland t o l e a d t h e w o r k i n g class t o r e a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g , t o class, anti-capitalist, anti-revisionist positions, against G o m u l k a , against the R o m a n Catholic C h u r c h , against t h e Z i o n i s t s . There are also allegedly neutral countries and parties w h i c h are d e v e l o p i n g t h e r e v i s i o n i s t c o u r s e towards capitalism in comparatively calm internal situations, w i t h o u t noisy demonstrations, but cert a i n l y w i t h a c c e n t u a t e d c o n t r a d i t i o n s i n the l e a d e r s h i p , a m o n g t h e people a n d i n t h e p a r t y , w h i c h n o w a p p e a r i n u n i t y . T h i s s h a m u n i t y i s the f r u i t o f e x t e r n a l f e a r a n d , i n t h e f i r s t place, o f f e a r o f t h e

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Soviet revisionists w h o have their o w n m e n w i t h i n t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f these p a r t i e s . B u t these neutral countries a n d parties are ruled over by cliques of bourgeois intellectuals w h o rely actively on the a n t i - S o v i e t feelings. T h e r e f o r e , a l i t t l e d i f f e r e n t l y f r o m the C z e c h o s l o v a k s , these r e v i s i o n i s t s l a y t h e stress o n f o r e i g n policy, o n r e l a t i o n s w i t h t h e c a p i talist states, w i t h T i t o ' s Y u g o s l a v i a , w i t h D u b c e k ' s C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , t o c o u n t e r - b a l a n c e the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t d a n g e r . I n these c i r c u m s t a n c e s these cliques are p u r g i n g their i n t e r n a l opponents w h o m i g h t endanger t h e m and are m a k i n g efforts to consolid a t e t h e i r b o u r g e o i s r e g i m e s w h i c h are b e i n g e s t a blished in their countries by liquidating socialism. Let us now take the Soviet Union. T h e K h r u s h chevite d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , as far back a s i n the last y e a r s o f N i k i t a K h r u s h c h e v ' s r e i g n a n d later in a more accentuated m a n n e r , posed g r e a t dangers t o the K r e m l i n c l i q u e . I t n o t o n l y f u r t h e r deepened t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s o f t h i s c l i q u e w i t h the S o v i e t people, b u t it also c r e a t e d a section of new revisionists, opponents of the o l d revisionist clique, w h o a i m at l i q u i d a t i n g and replacing this c l i q u e w i t h a n o t h e r o f its k i n d , w h i c h w o u l d b e m o r e l i b e r a l a n d speed u p the process o f t h e restoration of capitalism in the Soviet U n i o n . T h e g a r b a g e o f the garbages w e r e n o t s a t i a t e d a n d manifested their dissatisfaction a n d advanced f u r t h e r d e m a n d s . A t t h e i r h e a d , h e r e too, w e r e t h e b o u r g e o i s i f i e d i n t e l l e c t u a l s a n d w r i t e r s , the m e n o f r e v i s i o n i s t art a n d c u l t u r e . D i s s i p a t i o n h a d d e e p l y

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p e n e t r a t e d i n t o t h e y o u t h , t h e students, the h o o l i gans. T h i s w a s a s s u m i n g d i s t u r b i n g f o r m s f o r t h e clique. K h r u s h c h e v himself reacted several times a f t e r h a v i n g felt t h e d a n g e r , n o t f r o m the fact t h a t they were demanding to head towards capitalism, b u t because t h e y w e r e demanding to go there w i t h o u t K h r u s h c h e v , w i t h others, m o r e b y t h e m e a n s o f e f f o r t s a n d deeds t h a n b y b u f f o o n e r y a n d irregular methods. T h e c l i q u e w h o succeeded K h r u s h c h e v t r i e d t o d o s o m e t h i n g b e t t e r t h a n t h e i r boss. T h e y l i n k e d themselves m o r e closely a n d more securely w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , t h u s f u r t h e r u n d e r m i n i n g t h e p a r t y , t h e socialist e c o n o m y , i n c r e a s i n g t h e degener a t i o n o u t s i d e a n d i n s i d e . B u t a l l this a c t i v i t y w a s b o u n d t o create d i f f i c u l t i e s f o r a n d t r e m e n d o u s c o n t r a d i c t i o n s w i t h i n t h e c l i q u e itself. T h e S o v i e t economy declined, the prestige of the Soviet U n i o n r e a c h e d its l o w e s t ebb, the f r i e n d s o f the S o v i e t U n i o n d e s e r t e d i t one a f t e r another, t h e a l l i a n c e s a s s u m e d p u r e l y capitalist, o p p r e s s i v e , e m p t y a n d r i d i c u l o u s f o r m s a n d content. T h e resistance t o the clique increased f r o m all directions. Not to speak of the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a , at h o m e the B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n g r o u p f i n d t h e m s e l v e s i n the m i d s t o f m a n y f i r e s w h i c h are d i f f i c u l t t o p u t o u t . Revisionist intellectuals, writers, students have i n creased t h e i r d e m o n s t r a t i o n s o f protest a n d the K r e m l i n clique are obliged to arrest and jail. T h u s , the j a i l s a n d c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a m p s are f i l l e d t o c a p a c i t y , n o t o n l y w i t h r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s b u t also w i t h young counter-revolutionaries.

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In the Soviet U n i o n the proletarian revolution i s , c e r t a i n l y , b e i n g o r g a n i z e d a n d o n the rise. T h e c l i q u e are a f r a i d o f t h i s a n d t h e y s t r i k e back, t r y to deceive a n d to n e u t r a l i z e t h e p a r t y of the class a n d the w o r k i n g class itself a s best t h e y c a n m a k i n g them believe that it is allegedly their Leninist p a r t y w h i c h leads, t h a t e v e r y t h i n g i s p r o c e e d i n g along Leninist lines and w i t h Leninist norms, a n d s o o n . A m o n g s t these i l l u s i o n s w e s h o u l d also i n c l u d e those historically r e a l i s t i c ideas o n S t a l i n w h i c h certain career-seeking, degenerate a r m y generals a n d m a r s h a l s h a v e s t a r t e d t o w r i t e w i t h a v i e w to t h r o w i n g d u s t in the eyes of t h e masses and of genuine revolutionaries. B u t the Bolshevik r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d t h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class a r e not to be deceived for long. T h e y are becoming m o r e a n d m o r e a w a r e that, i n r e a l i t y , p o w e r i s b e i n g w i e l d e d b y a c l i q u e o f renegades a n d t h e i r bureaucratic anti-worker administration, that the p a r t y has been t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o a b o u r g e o i s p a r t y a n d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p is a b o u r g e o i s d i c t a t o r s h i p of t h e n e w c a p i t a l i s t class w h i c h oppresses the masses a n d the w o r k i n g class, e x p l o i t s t h e m e c o n o m i c a l l y f o r the b e n e f i t o f the n e w r e v i s i o n i s t b o u r g e o i s i e , does n o t a l l o w t h e m f o r a s i n g l e m o m e n t to d e monstrate their power and to d e m a n d their rights. T h e efforts of the revisionists to m a k e the w o r k i n g class a p o l i t i c a l , t o r e m o v e i t f r o m the p o l i t i c a l scene a n d t o o r i e n t a t e i t t o w a r d s e c o n o m i s m , w i l l fail. T h u s , a s w e see, a l l these processes h a v e s i m i l a r features, a t p r e s e n t m o r e v i s i b l e a n d n o i s y i n

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Czechoslovakia and in Poland, later on in H u n g a r y a n d e l s e w h e r e a s w e l l . T h e s e processes w i l l f u r t h e r increase the a p p e t i t e o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t r e a c t i o n a r y S o v i e t i n t e l l e c t u a l s , a n d w e s h a l l w i t n e s s clashes n o t o n l y b e t w e e n t h e m a n d t h e r u l i n g c l i q u e , b u t also b e t w e e n the m o d e r a t e i n t e l l e c t u a l s a n d t h e i r r i g h t w i n g extremists, between the genuine M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t i n t e l l e c t u a l s a n d b o t h the r u l i n g c l i q u e a n d the t w o tendencies w e m e n t i o n e d . A n d , f i n a l l y , t h e Russian I v a n w i l l w a k e u p f r o m his h e a v y slumber. T h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class, l e d b y t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i nist revolutionaries, must come out and w i l l come out i n t h e streets t o h a v e t h e i r say. T h e y w i l l b a n g t h e i r f i s t on t h e t a b l e a n d stage a s e c o n d p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n . W e a r e c o n v i n c e d t h a t this w i l l c e r t a i n l y h a p p e n , because it is a d i a l e c t i c a l process t h a t is b o u n d t o t a k e place, t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , the e v e n t s and their u n f o l d i n g m a k i n g the situation ripe to this effect. W h e n w i l l i t o c c u r ? T h i s i s n o t f o r u s to d e c i d e . L e a r n i n g f r o m t h i s course o f e v e n t s i n r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s , f r o m t h e tactics, t h e f o r m s a n d methods of the struggle w a g e d by the m o d e r n rev i s i o n i s t s against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a g a i n s t t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , against t h e w o r k i n g class, its p a r t y a n d t h e socialist r e g i m e , i n a d d i t i o n t o w h a t w e h a v e a n a l y z e d a t o t h e r times, o u r P a r t y has d e r i v e d c l e a r - c u t tasks so as n e v e r to a l l o w modern revisionism or a n y other anti-Marxist disease t o a f f e c t t h e h e a l t h y b o d y a n d m i n d o f t h e p a r t y a n d of the dictatorship of the proletariat in our country.

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W i t h regard to revisionist degeneration in cert a i n countries, m e n t i o n m u s t b e m a d e o f some t y p i c a l characteristics c o m m o n to a l l the revisionist parties. T h e w o r k i n g class, i n the f i r s t place, a n d t h e n a l l the w o r k i n g masses w e r e i n d e e d c a u g h t u n a w a r e s . T h e y d i d not react i m m e d i a t e l y a n d e n e r getically against the treason committed against t h e i r great cause, w h i c h t h e y h a d w o n a n d c o n s o l i d a t e d w i t h s o m u c h b l o o d s h e d a n d sacrifice. T h e treacherous elements w h o usurped p o w e r in the p a r t y a n d i n t h e State, n o t o n l y a t t h e b e g i n n i n g of their subversive activity, w h e n they k n e w h o w t o h i d e a n d o r g a n i z e themselves, b u t e v e n l a t e r , w h e n their attitude a n d their treacherous actions h a d become conspicuous, d i d n o t meet w i t h a n y f i e r c e resistance o n t h e p a r t o f t h e w o r k i n g class a n d its p a r t y w h i c h , o n the c o n t r a r y , accepted the y o k e o f t h e t r a i t o r s w i t h o u t g r e a t objections or, e v e n w h e n t h e y reacted, d i d i t h a l f - h e a r t e d l y . T h e p a r t y a n d the w o r k i n g class, i n t h e f i r s t place, h a d lost t h e i r v i g i l a n c e a n d the i n t e n s i t y o f the v i o l e n c e w h i c h characterize and must always characterize t h e m i n t h e class s t r u g g l e , i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t each a n d every e n e m y o f t h e i r class a n d o f socialism. W h y does t h i s h a p p e n a n d w h a t causes t h i s apathy, this w i t h e r i n g a w a y of vigilance and of t h e use o f v i o l e n c e t a k i n g p l a c e n o t o n l y i n c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s w i t h a s h o r t p e r i o d of r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r o b a t i o n , b u t also i n the oldest a n d biggest p a r t y

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w i t h a long period of revolutionary probation, as i s t h e case w i t h t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y ? I n g e n e r a l , t h e r e i s n o t h i n g m y s t e r i o u s about this o c c u r r a n c e , b u t i n t h i s a r t i c l e w e w i l l p o i n t o u t s o m e causes w h i c h a p p e a r t o u s a s t h e p r i n c i p a l a n d , at t h e same t i m e , the m o s t d a n g e r o u s to a Marxist-Leninist party. L e t u s c o n s i d e r this q u e s t i o n i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y , t h e oldest a n d s t a u n c h e s t r e volutionary party, f r o m whose achievements as w e l l as f r o m whose errors we all have learned. F i r s t and above a l l stands the question of the P a r t y itself. I t i s h e r e w e m u s t l o o k f o r t h e s h o r t comings and errors w h i c h so tragically contributed t o t h e e m e r g e n c e o f r e v i s i o n i s m a n d the s e i z u r e o f p o w e r o n the p a r t o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e t r a i t o r s i n the S o v i e t U n i o n . a) S u r p r i s i n g as t h i s m a y seem, the political and ideological education of the Bolshevik Party was not always carried out at each stage at the intensity and depth required by the circumstances. S u c h education moreover h a d weaknesses of f o r m a n d o f m e t h o d a n d , s o m e t i m e s , also o f content. A l t h o u g h i t w a s t a l k e d about, t h e i n t e g r a t i o n o f t h e o r y w i t h a c t u a l r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r a c t i c e w a s not c a r r i e d o u t a s m u c h a n d i n the w a y i t s h o u l d h a v e b e e n d o n e t o t h e w h o l e o f its e x t e n t , p l a c i n g p o l i tics i n t h e f o r e f r o n t i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f the r e v o l u tionization of m e n a n d w o m e n , keeping alive the p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t o f the w h o l e p a r t y , e n s u r i n g the understanding a n d implementing of the p a r t y line b y everybody a n d i n everything i n

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a r e v o l u t i o n a r y w a y . It is t r u e t h a t if it w e r e a q u e s t i o n o f schools, t r a i n i n g courses, f o r m s , means, methods, etc. w h e r e o n e c o u l d b e e d u c a t e d p o l i t i c a l l y a n d i d e o l o g i c a l l y , these e x i s t e d i n the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e same t h i n g could be said w i t h regard t o the t r a i n i n g a n d e d u c a t i o n o f the cadres. T h e q u e s t i o n isn't t h a t i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n t h e s t u d y of the infallible Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist theory w a s neglected, b u t s o m e t h i n g caused the p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l e d u c a t i o n t o b e defective. A n d t h i s lay not only in the forms, the methods a n d the t e m p o w h i c h , a s w e s a i d above, m e a n t t h a t t h e theory w a s not p r o p e r l y mastered and correctly p u t i n t o practice. T h e r e w a s also a c o m p l e x of o t h e r things that contributed negatively. b) The implementation of the norms of the Bolshevik Party or, to put it better, their deep ideological and political understanding and their actual carrying out in a revolutionary way, were not up t o the mark. A l l these n o r m s w e r e correct. T h e y were laid d o w n and established through a titanic struggle by Lenin. T h e y were affirmed, defended a n d c a r r i e d out b y S t a l i n . B u t i n a c t u a l life, i n t h e process o f d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e p r a c t i c e o f w o r k a n d struggle, w e see these n o r m s , w h i c h a t f i r s t w e r e properly implemented, later f a l l i n g i n t o disuse, becoming rustly and, finally, distorted and turned into a sharp a n d very dangerous weapon in the h a n d s of t h e e n e m i e s of t h e class a n d of t h e p a r t y . T h i s w a s t h e case w i t h a l l the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t i e s . In these parties, they speak loudly of democratic centralism, but that is Leninist no longer. They

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speak of Bolshevik criticism and self-criticism, but they are Bolshevik no longer. They speak of party discipline, but it is no longer a Leninist, but a fascist discipline; of proletarian morality, but the morality is bourgeois, anti-proletarian, anti-Marxist; of free expression of opinions in the Party, about everything and everybody, but the expression of thoughts in the party spirit, in the proletarian spirit, in the revisionist countries leads to jail and concentration camps. The same may be said with regard to all the genuine Leninist party norms. T h u s , the o f f i c i a l n o r m s , i r r e s p e c t i v e o f h o w t h e y a r e d i s g u i s e d , a r e a n t i - L e n i n i s t , t h e y are bourgeois, r e a c t i o n a r y , fascist n o r m s . Such a departure from the Leninist norms, which make up the strength of the party as a steel-like vanguard organisation of the proletariat, and the adoption of the revisionist norms, is the greatest evil that can befall a Marxist-Leninist party. It is a terrible weapon degenerating and disintegrating the party, making it depart from its historic role of transforming society. It is a fact t h a t t h i s t u r n i n g b a c k h a s b e e n a l r e a d y c a r r i e d o u t o n this issue i n the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n and in t h e o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t parties, i r r e s p e c t i v e o f t h e fact t h a t n o t a l l t h e S o v i e t c o m m u n i s t s a p p r o v e a n d o b s e r v e these a n t i - L e n i n i s t n o r m s . I t i s i n d i s putable that the revisionist norms actually prevail i n this p a r t y a n d i n o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t i e s a n d a r e d i s r u p t i n g t h e p a r t i e s a n d s o c i a l i s m i n these c o u n tries. N o w the question arises: h a d the M a r x i s t - L e n i -

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nist p o l i c y a n d i d e o l o g y b e e n r i g h t l y u n d e r s t o o d a n d i m p l e m e n t e d , a s w e s a i d above, h a d the L e n i nist p a r t y n o r m s , e s t a b l i s h e d i n the B o l s h e v i k p a r t y b y the great classics L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , been i m p l e m e n t e d i n a correct r e v o l u t i o n a r y w a y a n d a t a l l times, w o u l d t h e r e h a v e h a p p e n e d w h a t d i d a c t u a l ly happen? No. That w o u l d not have happened. B u t i t d i d h a p p e n f o r the reasons g i v e n a b o v e a n d those w e w i l l set out b e l o w . c) The Communist Party, as a vanguard and organized detachment of the working class, must be the leader, the spearpoint; it must preserve, develop and temper the best virtues of the working class, it must be the first to correctly master and implement the ideology of the working class, M a r xism-Leninism. It must be vigilant to the extreme and unyielding to the class enemy. A n d in o r d e r to be such, it m u s t possess, u n d e r s t a n d a n d c a r r y out the L e n i n i s t n o r m s t h a t m a k e it a p a r t y of t h e class, capable o f l e a d i n g the w o r k i n g class a n d t h e i r allies t o w a r d s t h e i r class g o a l . This is a great unity, not any sort of unity but such as we call a MarxistLeninist unity, a Marxist-Leninist unity within the party, unity of views and action on the basis of the Leninist norms, unity between the grassroots of the party and its leadership, unity within the leadership itself, an iron Marxist-Leninist unity between the party and the working class, a steellike, harmonious party-working class-people unity. A n d in this unity taken as a whole the fundamental idea, its basis and security is the party-working class unity, is the determined leadership of the

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working class headed by its party inspired, tempered, englightened by its Marxist-Leninist ideology. T h i s u n i t y is not established either in one day o r i n one y e a r . I t i s t e m p e r e d i n t h e h e a t o f v a r i o u s s t r u g g l e s a n d d a n g e r s w i t h w h i c h t h e class e n e m y faces t h e m , r e s o r t i n g t o a l l m e a n s , o b j e c t i v e a n d subjective, political a n d ideological, to repression and terror, coercive measures a n d economic disturbance, o p e n c o r r u p t i o n a n d i l l e g a l s u b v e r s i v e a c t i v i t y a g a i n s t t h e w o r k i n g class i n g e n e r a l , a g a i n s t their party as an organization, against the party m e m b e r s a n d S t a t e f u n c t i o n a r i e s , t h e mass o r g a nizations in particular. W e s h a l l n o t d w e l l a t l e n g t h o n these issues, w e s h a l l o n l y p o i n t out, f i r s t , t h a t t h e preservation of unity and its tempering are not something achieved once and for all and the communists should not rest on their laurels. Second, that unity in the social-democratic manner, unity of comrades , outside the Marxist-Leninist principles and norms of the party, unity not to upset the one or the other, allowing the violation of norms and principles, is not our unity. O u r unity is not a unity for unity's sake, contravening principles. O u r unity, to the large extent we mentioned, is created through struggle, is tempered through struggle and is preserved through continued and consistent revolutionary struggle. Otherwise there cannot exist Marxist-Leninist unity. In the Bolshevik party of L e n i n a n d Stalin there d i d exist unity. Struggle was energetically waged to temper this unity, but it cannot be said

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that perfection h a d been reached in everything, f o r t h a t w o u l d be a d e n i a l of t h e class s t r u g g l e , w i t h i n a n d outside the country, w i t h i n the party r a n k s , t h a t w o u l d m a k e u s f o r g e t t h e class e n e m y whose only a i m it is to smash the unity, to i n f i l trate i n t o t h e o r g a n s o f t h e p a r t y a n d o f t h e d i c t a torship, to riddle t h e m w i t h w o r m s and destroy t h e m , t o i n f i l t r a t e i n t o t h e consciousness a n d t h e worldoutlook of the communists, to demoralize t h e m a n d cause t h e m t o degenerate. Thus, in the Lenin-Stalin Bolshevik P a r t y a n d t h i s i s p r o v e d b y t h e successes i n the b u i l d i n g of socialism, in the construction of the first p o w e r f u l socialist S t a t e i n t h e w o r l d , t h e y w e r e a d v a n c i n g o n the correct L e n i n i s t r o a d . S t a l i n , a t t h e head of the Bolshevik Party, fought correctly, vigor o u s l y , w i t h deep understanding and without committing theoretical a n d political errors, on the r o a d o f the w o r k i n g class, r e l y i n g o n t h e L e n i n i s t P a r t y , o n its n o r m s , f o r t h e a i m s o f the class a n d o f its p a r t y , w h i c h w e r e the b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m a n d o f c o m m u n i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n the world. H o w e v e r , t h e q u e s t i o n a r i s e s : i f t h i s i s so, t h e n w h y d i d the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y degenerate, a f t e r S t a l i n ' s d e a t h , i n t o a r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y ? T h i s is a r e a s o n a b l e q u e s t i o n t o pose, a n d i n o r d e r t o b e able t o a n s w e r it, one m u s t d i s c o v e r t h e o b j e c t i v e a n d s u b j e c t i v e reasons. W e h a v e a l r e a d y p o i n t e d o u t i n o t h e r w r i t i n g s t h a t t h i s is as i m p o r t a n t a q u e s t i o n a s i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o treat f u l l y a n d w i t h o u t m i s t a k e s , i f w e d o not base o u r s e l v e s o n t h e d o c u m e n t s , espe-

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c i a l l y t h e i n t e r n a l ones, o f the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y , d o c u m e n t s w h i c h w e d o n o t possess a n d c a n h a r d l y possess, e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e p r e s e n t s i t u a t i o n . B u t o u r ideology and the experience of our party and of t h e o t h e r p a r t i e s c a n h e l p u s t o d e t e r m i n e some o f these reasons. W e s a y some, because t h e r e are a n d m u s t b e m a n y m o r e . B u t e v e n these t h o u g h t s m a y not be c o m p l e t e . Thus, it t u r n s out that gradually, w i t h o u t being a w a r e o f i t a n d r e l y i n g o n t h e g r e a t successes o f t h e r e a l i z a t i o n of t h e socialist c o n s t r u c t i o n , there was created among the party cadres and among those of the socialist State a certain self-complacency and legitimate pride, which made them, inadvertently and without knowing it, turn from their correct forms towards distorted, incorrect inclinations which were basically incompatible with proletarian morality. Marxist ideology and education condemned them in principle and in practice, when they manifested themselves in a flagrant and dangerous way, but in general these trends were developing and were not considered as dangerous. They were interweaving with the party norms and gradually gave the latter also such an anti-Marxist tinge. They intensified later and, interwoven with other non-proletarian customs, promoted the dangerous complex. T h e members of the Bolshevik Party, w h o w e r e l e d t o l e g e n d a r y battles b y L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , w e r e cadres o f a class o r i g i n a n d w i t h r e v o l u t i o n a r y v i g o r , t e m p e r e d i n r e v o l u t i o n , i n struggles, in the building of socialism, i n battles against

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Trotskyism, against deviators a n d o t h e r traitors. They were ideologically and politically tempered and had a f i r m and legitimate confidence in their glorious Bolshevik Party, in L e n i n a n d Stalin, in t h e correct l i n e a n d n o r m s t h a t t h e y h a d m a p p e d out. To them the party was everything, it was their heart, b r a i n a n d eyes, t h a t i s w h y t h e y d e f e n d e d it, w e r e e d u c a t e d b y i t a n d b y t h e i r g r e a t l e a d e r . But while trying to carry out the Party's and Stalin's correct line and norms, the Soviet cadres, at first not all of them and not in a clear-cut way but gradually, became susceptible to a feeling of stability which is alien, in the revolutionary sense, to development. S o l o n g a s t h e y h e l d l o w e r l e v e l f u n c t i o n s , t h e cadres w o r k e d z e a l o u s l y t o s e r v e t h e cause o f r e v o l u t i o n i n the best possible m a n n e r s t r i c t l y i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e p a r t y n o r m s a n d line, m a i n t a i n i n g close connections w i t h t h e masses a n d w i t h t h e w o r k i n g class. B u t i n t h e l o n g r u n , w h e n t h e i n i t i a l d i f f i c u l t i e s h a d b e e n overcome, w h e n t h e i n d i s p e n sable ideological a n d political and general e d u cation and culture had been acquired, h a v i n g g r o w n older a n d h a v i n g gained seniority in the party, c e r t a i n people b e g a n t o b e a f f e c t e d b y t h e g e r m of t h e e v i l . Successes at work nourished the feeling of self-complacency and, parallel with these successes, the Soviet cadres began to lose their proletarian simplicity, raised unjust claims, which they considered politically legitimate , because these people had worked and fought. With their rise to responsibility there was taking shape in them the feeling

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of ease and complacency and they were ever more infected by bureaucratism, intellectualism and technocratism. T h u s , g r a d u a l l y , b e t w e e n t h e cadres of t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y a n d S o v i e t State, o n t h e o n e h a n d , a n d the masses o f t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e a n d w o r k i n g class, o n t h e other, t h e r e w a s c r e a t e d a s e p a r a t i o n a n d i n e q u a l i t y . Many cadres no longer listened, as they had done previously, to the voice of the masses. Among them the thought began to prevail that they knew everything themselves, that they were specialists in everything, that they stood above the masses, above the working class politically and ideologically and were more farsighted than the latter. The authority and prestige which the Bolshevik Party and Stalin enjoyed among the masses of the Soviet people and in the working class were confounded by these cadres with their personal authority and prestige. A l l these antiproletarian features deformed the revolutionary concepts among these cadres. As this also infected the party line and its implementation, the revolutionary norms of the party remained formal, the life of the party itself and its organization as well as the whole Soviet State administration were in the process of becoming sclerotic. Therefore, the development, the e n d o w m e n t w i t h e d u c a t i o n a n d c u l t u r e o f the cadres o f t h e p a r t y , o f t h e S t a t e a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s one o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t p r o b l e m s , but the primary and still greater duty is their political and ideological development and their permanent revolutionization.

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The danger of the bureaucratization of the cadres and of their being imbued with formal education and culture only, can create in them a feeling of superiority and arrogance, causes the features of intellectualism and technocratism to take root in them. The growth of these ideas progressively places them above the masses of the party and the class and thus gradually a situation is created in which one stratum rules over the class and its proletarian party, scleroses the party and its revolutionary norms, makes them lifeless, propagates them without zeal, deprives them of their revolutionary influence and action. Hence develops the separation from the masses and from the control of the working class. I f the p a r t y a n d the w o r k i n g class f a i l s t o d i s p l a y t h e i r special a n d constant care f o r t h e i d e o l o g i c a l u p l i f t o f the cadres, n o t o n l y t h r o u g h b o o k i s h m e t h o d s , b u t t h r o u g h actions i n d a i l y a n d u n i n t e r r u p t e d struggle, t h e i r r i s e t o l e a d i n g positions, t h e i r e d u c a t i o n a l a n d c u l t u r a l u n e v e n ness w i t h the great b u l k o f t h e p a r t y a n d w i t h t h a t o f the w o r k i n g class, the l o n g p e r i o d o f p r o b a t i o n i n the p a r t y o r i n the state organs, t h e great d i s p a r i t y i n salaries ( a d a n g e r o u s e v i l this) a n d the p r i v i l e g e s t o w h i c h t h e y are a l l e g e d l y e n t i t l e d as cadres (another d a n g e r o u s evil) s p o i l t h e cadre, i n c i t e h i m t o p r o g r e s s i v e l y adopt, w i l l y n i l l y , f e a t u r e s w h i c h are n o t o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n class. W h i l e such a p h e n o m e n o n m a y o c c u r w i t h t h e cadres o f w o r k e r o r i g i n a n d c o n d i t i o n s , t h i s d a n g e r i s g r e a t e r a m o n g those c o m i n g f r o m t h e

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p e a s a n t r y a n d the i n t e l l i g e n t s i a . The party of the working class must bring up the cadres in such a way that they may advance and be promoted to posts of responsibility, but they should also rightly understand, when necessary their stepping down from posts of responsibility, and this not only in cases when they do not prove themselves capable and active for the function with which they are charged or for errors in work and in life, but also in cases where they are capable and accomplish their tasks correctly. The cadres should be educated to realize that, even when they are efficient, their departure from responsible functions and their going to work among the working class and the laboring masses is a necessity. It is to the advantage of the cadres themselves and of the party, for the present and in the future. T h e t h r e e features w e m e n t i o n e d a b o v e b u reaucratism, intellectualism and technocratism c a u s e d w i t h i n the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y a n d t h e S o v i e t S t a t e a f a i l u r e to a p p r e c i a t e t h e h e r o i c r e v o l u t i o n a r y spirit of the times. At first this insidious disease d i d n o t o p e n l y a t t a c k the correct p a r t y l i n e . T h e cadres r e m a i n e d f a i t h f u l t o i t a n d t o Stalin. They were ready to go through fire for h i m , because S t a l i n w a s a m a n o f the class. W i t h h i s M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t class clarity, he did not c o m m i t errors of principle, politics or in ideology, in economy or in the military field. He faithfully defended e v e r y t h i n g Leninist. He developed L e n i n i s m further. B u t in this stagnation w h i c h was gradually

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b u i l d i n g up, although the Stalinist energy of t h e party and of the dictatorship of the proletariat w a s still pushing the w o r k ahead, the p a r t y w o r k was becoming stereotyped and inflexible. T h e norms were being i m p l e m e n t e d but not w i t h r e v o l u t i o n a r y vigor. T h e line w a s being carried out but not at that revolutionary tempo. M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m was being taught but in such a w a y that it was u n a b l e t o p u r g e these d a n g e r o u s i n c l i n a t i o n s . M a n y h i g h p a r t y a n d S t a t e cadres, p r o u d o f t h e i r d i p l o mas, w e r e , s o t o speak, v i e w i n g t h e s i t u a t i o n f r o m above, a n d e s p e c i a l l y f r o m t h e p e t t y - b o u r g e o i s feeling of all-round superiority. T h e y h a d come to believe t h a t t h i s w a s s o m e t h i n g n a t u r a l , t h a t t h e y were superior to the b u l k of the party. T h e y w e r e a s s u m i n g t h e f e a t u r e s of a class a b o v e t h e class and above the party. T h e y considered themselves i n f a l l i b l e because t h e y were in the leadership, because t h e y e n j o y e d s e n i o r i t y , because t h e y p o s sessed k n o w l e d g e , t h i n k i n g a s i f i t w e r e t h e y w h o b r o u g h t s u n s h i n e a n d r a i n . A l l these a n t i - M a r x i s t viewpoints were developing willy-nilly, under cover o f the p a r t y n o r m s . T h e s e p e o p l e s p o k e o f d e m o cratic centralism, of criticism and self-criticism, of p a r t y d i s c i p l i n e , o f elections f r o m b e l o w , b u t a l l these t h i n g s h a d lost t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t . A n d what could all this bring about? The gradual separation of the leadership from the bulk of the party and of the party from the working class. Thus, in essence, that Marxist-Leninist unity which we mentioned above was getting weaker. Stalin forged the Leninist unity and fought for it, not-

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withstanding the stagnation. After his death it was proved that in the leadership and in the Bolshevik party this unity was split and the revisionists seized power. K h r u s h c h e v and his traitorous companions had been w o r k i n g even w h e n S t a l i n was alive, but certainly in a very camouflaged form. A f t e r Stalin's death, p r o f i t t i n g by the situation that h a d been created, they took power. T h e y sought a n d are seeking to preserve the whole of the negative p r o c e s s a n d deepen i t s t i l l m o r e , c a r r y i n g o u t t h e complete transformation toward capitalism and towards the liquidation of the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y of L e n i n a n d Stalin. T h e attack on S t a l i n w a s the attack on L e n i n i s m , on M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , that is w h y they have made a n d are m a k i n g short w o r k o f those w h o m t h e y c a l l S t a l i n i s t s a n d , m a s q u a r a d i n g as Leninists, they are s t r i v i n g every passing d a y t o deepen t h e process o f l i q u i d a t i n g t h e p a r t y as a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y of the proletariat a n d t o i s o l a t e t h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class, t o l u l l i t t o sleep, t o m a k e i t a m o r p h o u s a n d a p o l i t i c a l , s o a s to avoid the blows w h i c h it m a y strike at them. O f course, t h e r e a r e o t h e r reasons too, b u t w e t h i n k t h a t those w e h a v e m e n t i o n e d caused t h e w o r k i n g class o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d h u n d r e d s o f thousands and millions of Soviet p a r t y and State cadres to be caught unawares. T h e y thought a n d a r e t h i n k i n g (for t h e y a r e s t i l l n o t s o p o l i t i c a l l y and ideologically minded, and this should not surp r i s e us) t h a t w h a t K h r u s h c h e v d i d w a s i n l i n e a n d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e L e n i n i s t rules. T h e y

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w e r e d e c e i v e d b y t h e c a l u m n i e s , b y the d e m a g o g y a n d the p r o m i s e s o f t h e t r a i t o r s , b u t t h i s w i l l , c e r t a i n l y , n o t last f o r l o n g . T h e eyes o f t h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a r e b e i n g o p e n e d and w i l l be better opened and they w i l l again recover the fighting spirit of the revolutionary struggles through w h i c h they h a d been led b y L e n i n a n d S t a l i n . T h e y m u s t come out, a r m s i n h a n d , i n t h e street, a n d t h e y w i l l come out, i f n o t today, t o m o r row. The situation w i l l ripen. Time w o r k s for the proletarian revolution. T h i s process has o c c u r r e d also i n the o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t parties, b u t s t i l l m o r e deeply, f o r t h e r e a s o n t h a t the p a r t i e s o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f the P o l i s h P a r t y , are p a r t i e s w h i c h h a v e n o t themselves w a g e d the s t r u g g l e , h a v e n o t passed t h r o u g h t h a t f u r n a c e , i r r e s p e c t i v e of t h e i r s e l f - a d v e r t i s e m e n t as a l l e g e d l y old p a r t i e s w h i c h h a v e been t h r o u g h t h e f i g h t . T h e i r l u g g a g e on this issue a n d t h i s is t h e m a i n issue is v e r y i n s i g n i f i c a n t , n o t to say, n i l . M o r e o v e r , these p a r t i e s w e r e r e v i v e d , r e o r g a nized, a n d t h e y seized p o w e r t h a n k s t o t h e S o v i e t a r m y a n d t o t h e d i r e c t a i d o f the B o l s h e v i k p a r t y and of Stalin. This was a v i t a l aid to them, not o n l y t o r e c o v e r m a t e r i a l l y , b u t also t o create p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l cohesion i n t h e i r f o l d . B u t l a t e r , i n these parties, t h a t i s i n the P o l i s h , G e r m a n , C z e choslovak, H u n g a r i a n and other parties, an o r g a n i sational, political, and ideological union was b r o u g h t about b e t w e e n the c o m m u n i s t , socialist a n d s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c parties. T h u s , the s o c i a l - d e -

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m o c r a t i c g e r m i n s t e a d o f r e m a i n i n g outside, w o r m e d itself inside the party. T h e w i n e was diluted w i t h water. W h y should we be surprised that n o w i t has t u r n e d i n t o v i n e g a r ? W h i l e S t a l i n w a s a l i v e , the social-democratic parties of C y r a n k i e w i c z , Otto G r o t e w o h l , F i e r l i n g e r , w e r e silent, b u t t h e y k e p t w o r k i n g inside, corroding, demoralizing, a n d seizing i m p o r t a n t p o s i t i o n s t o t h e best o f t h e i r a b i l i t y . W h e n K h r u s h c h e v c a m e t o p o w e r , these e l e ments w e r e overjoyed. Later came the separation, a n d i t w a s a r a d i c a l o n e since d e g e n e r a t i o n h a d t a k e n deep roots i n these p a r t i e s a n d i n these c o u n tries. W h i l e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t G o t t w a l d t u r n e d o u t the a r m e d w o r k e r s i n t h e streets a n d m a d e r e a c t i o n shiver a n d retreat into their hide-outs, the revisionist D u b c e k n o w has a part of the Czechoslovak w o r k i n g class o n h i s side. T h i s i s h a p p e n i n g also i n H u n g a r y , b u t n o t e n t i r e l y s o i n P o l a n d , f o r the P o l i s h w o r k i n g class h a v e m o r e r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a ditions to t h e i r credit. B u t the struggle to w i n over t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t o a r o u s e t h e m t o r e v o l t should be the m a i n objective of every M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t p a r t y , There is not and there cannot be proletarian revolution without the working class and without the leadership of the Marxist-Leninist party. T h e students and intellectuals must rise up in r e v o l u t i o n b u t b e l e d b y t h e w o r k i n g class a n d by the Marxist-Leninist party. If the contrary happens, a s i n the r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s , i f t h e y a r e not placed w h e r e they belong in the revolution a n d i f t h e y are n o t p r o p e r l y e d u c a t e d t o t a k e the r e v o -

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l u t i o n a r y r o a d t h e y b e c o m e reserves o f c o u n t e r revolution. Y o u t h can never undertake and carry o u t t h e tasks a n d t h e r o l e t h a t h i s t o r y has e n t r u s t e d t o the w o r k i n g class. E v e r y w h e r e , i n e v e r y t h i n g , t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t h e p a r t y o f t h e class m u s t be in the van, in absolute leadership. T h e peasantry and the various social strata must advance on t h e r o a d o f t h e w o r k i n g class i n a l l i a n c e w i t h t h e m . T h e y m u s t b e b r o u g h t u p w i t h its l a w s a n d i t s i d e o l o g y , a n d w h o e v e r does n o t a d v a n c e o n t h i s r o a d a n d places obstacles u n d e r t h e w h e e l s m u s t b e d i s c a r d e d , b y p e r s u a s i o n o r b y violence, a s m a y be necessary. I n t h e l i g h t o f a l l t h a t w e h a v e said, w e see m o r e c l e a r l y t h e correctness o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i nist road and line pursued by o u r p a r t y at all the stages of its d e v e l o p m e n t , e v e n at the m o s t c r i t i c a l m o m e n t s , a n d its b o u n d l e s s l o y a l t y t o w a r d s t h e ideas a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y cause o f M a r x , E n g e l s , L e n i n a n d S t a l i n . B u t o u r p a r t y has n e v e r lost s i g h t o f t h e fact t h a t n o c o m m u n i s t p a r t y , o u r o w n i n c l u d e d , i s i m m u n e f r o m the d a n g e r o f r e v i s i o n i s m . It has a l w a y s m a i n t a i n e d a s h a r p v i g i l a n c e a g a i n s t this danger, i t h a s n e v e r rested o n i t s l a u rels. O u r P a r t y has a m a s s e d a n d i s e l a b o r a t i n g every day a rich experience of h o w to bar the road to revisionism and to the restoration of capitalism. T h e measures a d o p t e d b y t h e p a r t y f o r t h e f u r t h e r r e v o l u t i o n i z a t i o n o f the w h o l e n a t i o n a l l i f e , f o r t h e p e r f e c t i n g a n d the d e v e l o p m e n t o f socialist r e l a tions i n p r o d u c t i o n a n d o f the s u p e r s t r u c t u r e , f o r

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p u r g i n g t h e m of e v e r y t h i n g alien, are of a decisive a n d v i t a l i m p o r t a n c e t o t h e cause o f s o c i a l i s m . I t has w a g e d a n d i s w a g i n g t h e class s t r u g g l e inside a n d outside the p a r t y on a correct M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t basis. S i n c e t h i s s t r u g g l e i s t h e m o t i v e force d u r i n g the whole period of the transition f r o m capitalism to socialism, the P a r t y has attached first-rate importance to the r e v o l u t i o n a r y class e d u c a t i o n o f t h e w o r k i n g people, a n d e s p e c i a l l y o f the g r o w i n g generation, in different forms, especially t h r o u g h r e v o l u t i o n a r y action. It has w a g e d a n d i s w a g i n g a p r i n c i p l e d a n d consistent s t r u g g l e against each a n d every bureaucratic disortion, for the constant deepening of the mass line in a l l fields, for the u n i n t e r r u p t e d i m p r o v e m e n t of socialist democracy. A b o v e all, s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n h a s been devoted to the constant revolutionization of the p a r t y a n d its cadres, s o t h a t t h e l a t t e r m a y n e v e r d e t a c h t h e m s e l v e s f r o m t h e people, m a y n o t lose their r e v o l u t i o n a r y features a n d spirit, m a y not b e c o m e b u r e a u c r a t i c a n d m a y n o t degenerate. T h e p a r t y h a s n e v e r lost s i g h t o f t h e d i a l e c t i c a l a c t i o n o f t h e d i f f e r e n t factors, w i t h a l l t h e i r p o s i tive a n d negative influences. It has c a r r i e d out and continues to c a r r y out in depth all-round measures of revolutionization, of education, of w o r k and struggle on a l l the fronts g i v i n g rise to a n u m b e r of problems, great a n d small, but a l l of t h e m i m p o r tant a n d closely interwoven, especially on the front o f t h e class i d e o l o g i c a l e d u c a t i o n a n d o f t h e class struggle. Thus, it has continued a n d continues the struggle frontally, w i t h o u t interruption, always

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m o u n t i n g , a l w a y s l e a r n i n g f r o m t h e successes a n d s h o r t c o m i n g s , s o t h a t the s h o r t c o m i n g s m a y n o t b e r e p e a t e d a n d t h e successes m a y n o t i n t o x i c a t e a n d l u l l i t t o sleep. O u r p a r t y a n d people a r e a d v a n c i n g o n t h i s correct M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t r o a d w i t h f i r m confidence in the u p b u i l d i n g of socialism a n d communism. U n d e r the present-day conditions, w h e n the r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e s are c o m p l e t e l y l i q u i d a t i n g a l l the v i c t o r i e s o f s o c i a l i s m i n t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e c o u n tries, t h e w o r k i n g class o f these c o u n t r i e s m u s t clearly understand that the revisionist party in power is no longer a p a r t y of the proletariat, but a w e a p o n i n the h a n d s o f t r e a c h e r o u s l e a d e r s i n t e n d i n g to restore c a p i t a l i s m , to deceive t h e masses. T o d a y there is no longer room for illusions, hesitat i o n s a n d p r o c r a s t i n a t i o n . T h e w o r k i n g class o f the r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s i s n o w f a c e d w i t h the h i s t o r i c necessity o f t a k i n g its p l a c e a g a i n o n t h e b a t t l e f i e l d , of l a u n c h i n g a r u t h l e s s a n d t h o r o u g h l y consistent struggle to o v e r t h r o w and smash the treacherous cliques, t o c a r r y out o n c e m o r e t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n , t o r e s t o r e the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e tariat. This requires absolute determination, c o u rage, sacrifices a n d a r e n e w a l of the r e v o l u t i o n a r y spirit a n d traditions of the times of L e n i n and S t a l i n . T h i s r e q u i r e s , i n t h e f i r s t place a n d a b o v e a l l , t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n o f the g e n u i n e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s Into n e w M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties, w h i c h s h o u l d m o b i l i z e , o r g a n i z e a n d l e a d t o v i c t o r y the g e n e r a l uprising of the proletariat and of the other labori n g masses.

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A t these i m p o r t a n t m o m e n t s f o r t h e d e s t i n i e s of revolution, none of the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s and the w o r l d proletariat can r e m a i n silent a n d idle in t h e face o f w h a t i s h a p p e n i n g i n t h e r e v i s i o n i s t countries. Proletarian internationalism demands t h a t a l l the r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s raise t h e i r voices a n d wage a principled struggle t h r o u g h to the e n d for the d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e s i n p o w e r a n d g i v e a l l s u p p o r t t o the w o r k i n g class a n d t o t h e peoples t h a t a r e t o d a y u n d e r t h e r e v i s i o n i s t r u l e , t o o v e r t h r o w these t r e a c h e r o u s c l i q u e s a n d t o raise again the banner of revolution a n d socialism.

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L E T THE STORM OF REVOLUTION BREAK OUT WITH FORCE!

R e p r o d u c e d f r o m the Z r i i P o p u l l i t daily, d a t e d M a y , 17, 1968

T h e g r e a t changes t h a t h a v e t a k e n p l a c e a n d a r e t a k i n g place in the w o r l d as a result of the s t r u g g l e o f the peoples h a v e c r e a t e d a n d a r e c o n t i n u a l l y c r e a t i n g a s i t u a t i o n f a v o u r a b l e t o the r e v o l u t i o n a r y forces t h a t a r e s t r u g g l i n g f o r social emancipation and national liberation, for the b u i l d i n g of a n e w w o r l d w i t h o u t capitalists and colon i a l i s t s . T h e f u n d a m e n t a l p r o b l e m n o w f a c i n g the genuine communists and revolutionaries, both in the capitalist countries, as w e l l as w h e r e the r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e r u l i n g , i s t h a t t h e y s h o u l d act w i t h courage and in a consistently revolutionary w a y in the f i g h t a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its tools the m o d e r n revisionists. T h e w o r l d c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i s i e has m o b i l i z e d a l l its forces a n d i s s t r i v i n g t o e x t i n g u i s h t h e r e v o l u t i o n w h e r e i t has s t a r t e d , t o p r e v e n t i t w h e r e i t i s a b o u t t o start, a n d t o w i p e i t o u t w h e r e i t has t r i u m p h e d . T h e b o u r g e o i s i e h a s p l a c e d the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , t h e basest a n d m o s t d i a b o l i c t r a i t o r s t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , i n t h e v a n g u a r d o f its b r u t a l i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l f i g h t . I n these c o n d i t i o n s , m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m poses a g r e a t a n d i m m e d i a t e danger to revolution and socialism.

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W h y do the Marxist-Leninists insist on t h i s issue, w h y d o t h e y describe m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m a s a great danger to revolution a n d socialism, w h y do t h e y a l w a y s c a l l o n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s t o close t h e i r ranks and to fight boldly and without compromise up to the complete ideological and political destruction of revisionism? T h e a n s w e r i s clear. M o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m c o n s t i t u t e s s u c h a d a n g e r because i t i s h e a d e d b y t h e Soviet revisionists w h o have usurped the h e l m of t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a n d t h e S o v i e t State, o f t h e country where the October Revolution was carried out a n d w h e r e socialism t r i u m p h e d for the first t i m e . It constitutes s u c h a d a n g e r because r e v i s i o n i s m h a s seized p o w e r i n m a n y c o u n t r i e s o f p e o ple's d e m o c r a c y , because t h e r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e s h a v e seized t h e l e a d e r s h i p a n d t h e a p p a r a t u s o f t h e p a r t y in m a n y communist a n d w o r k e r s ' parties of the w o r l d , w h e r e t h e m a i n cadres h a v e b e c o m e b o u r geoisified. T h e y exploit the traditions of o r g a n i s a tion of the w o r k i n g people for their o w n aims, keep the t r a d e u n i o n s o f t h e w o r k e r s a n d t h e i r b o u r g e o i s i f i e d a p p a r a t u s a n d cadres u n d e r t h e i r d i r e c t i o n . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e colossal f u n d s a n d materials at their disposal to finance political, ideological and organisational diversion throughout the world, they have great propaganda means to distort M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t theory, to revise it a n d to p r e sent this d i s t o r t i o n a s a n a c t u a l a n d r e a l i s t i c d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f o u r epoch, i n s h o r t , to adapt in a camouflaged w a y the revised M a r -

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x i s m - L e n i n i s m to t h e interests of the b o u r g e o i s i e w h o m they serve w i t h zeal. I n these c o n d i t i o n s , the r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e s t r i v i n g to i d e n t i f y themselves w i t h communists. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r o p a g a n d a t h e y conduct, t h e y p r e s e n t their modern revisionism as international c o m m u n i s m . In t h e eyes of t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s the a l l i a n c e of the international proletariat is but the alliance of the revisionist cliques and proletarian i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m i s f o r t h e m i n fact t h e r e v i s i o n i s t T r o t skyite internationalism. T h e e v i l i s t h a t t h e e f f o r t s f o r the i d e n t i f i c a tion of modern revisionism with international c o m m u n i s m , p u t t i n g t h e m o n a par, are not b e i n g m a d e o n l y b y t h e chiefs o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m . The w r o n g viewpoints spread by t h e m f i n d a place even in m a n y Soviet communists, indeed in a part o f t h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class. T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t party in the lead of the strong a n t i - M a r x i s t trend of present-day revisionism greatly contributes to the p r e s e r v a t i o n o f these v i e w p o i n t s , a n d w h a t i s w o r s e , t o m i x i n g t h e w h e a t w i t h t h e tares a n d hampering revolution. Likewise, not a l l the communists of various countries and the w o r l d proletariat have as yet p r o p e r l y r e a l i z e d t h a t t h e r e exists t o d a y i n t h e Soviet U n i o n a so-called communist p a r t y w h i c h has n o t h i n g i n c o m m o n w i t h the B o l s h e v i k C o m munist P a r t y of L e n i n and Stalin. The present-day p a r t y i n the S o v i e t U n i o n i s a r e v i s i o n i s t , c o u n t e r revolutionary, anti-communist party. It is com-

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m u n i s t o n l y b y n a m e , i t poses a s L e n i n i s t b u t i t has d i s t o r t e d L e n i n f r o m t o p t o b o t t o m i n e v e r y thing. It pretends to be b u i l d i n g c o m m u n i s m , but in practice it is restoring capitalism and helping the other revisionist parties to tread the same road. If the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n w a s f o r m e r l y o f the b o l s h e v i k s , t o d a y the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n i s o f the n e w mensheviks, Trotzkyites and Bukharinists. H o w e v e r , despite the fact t h a t n o t a l l the c o m m u n i s t s a n d the w o r k i n g class o f the S o v i e t U n i o n see t h a t t h e i r old h e r o i c p a r t y has c h a n g e d a n d degenerated, B o l s h e v i s m c a n n o t d i s a p p e a r a n d the Bolsheviks cannot reconcile themselves w i t h the t r a g e d y t h e y are l i v i n g , t h e y c a n n o t sit b y w i t h f o l d e d a r m s . S o m e signs o f t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n a r y r e v i v a l are a p p e a r i n g a n d t h e y are e n c o u r a g i n g .

The Khrushchevite Black Bands A r e Striving to Close Their Ranks Against the Bolsheviks and the Working Class T h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e c h i e f t a i n s w h o are p r o c l a i m i n g l i k e the P o p e s urbi e t o r b i t h a t t h e y a r e b u i l d i n g c o m m u n i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , t h a t a n t a g o n i s t i c classes h a v e d i s a p p e a r e d t h e r e a n d s o has the class struggle, a r e n o w d e m a n d i n g f r o m the p a r t y t h a t i t s h o u l d establish a n i r o n d i s c i p l i n e . F o r w h o m a n d a g a i n s t w h o m i s this i r o n d i s c i p l i n e r e q u i r e d o n w h i c h the c h i e f r e v i sionist L e o n i d B r e z h n e v i n s i s t e d a t the p a r t y c o n -

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f e r e n c e o f t h e c i t y o f M o s c o w i n the last w e e k o f M a r c h , and which is now clamourously trumpeted a b r o a d b y the w h o l e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t press? T h e i r o n discipline demanded by the Soviet l e a d e r s is a d i s c i p l i n e of the b l a c k b a n d s , of t h e new revisionist social-revolutionaries, w h i c h at first s i g h t seems to be d i r e c t e d against the u l t r a - r i g h t i s t e l e m e n t s w h o , b o r n i n the a t m o s p h e r e c r e a t e d b y t h e K h r u s h c h e v course itself a n d e n c o u r a g e d n o w by the events in Czechoslovakia and Poland, have s t a r t e d t o step u p t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s . T h e B r e z h n e v K o s y g i n g r o u p fears lest i t s h o u l d s u f f e r the fate o f K h r u s h c h e v , o r N o v o t n y , lest o n e d a y these liberals, i f t h e y a r e g i v e n m u c h f r e e d o m , w i l l o v e r t h r o w the clique in power. By attacking the extremist revisionists, Brezhnev and company are s e e k i n g , o n t h e one h a n d , t o k e e p the l a t t e r i n check, to c o n t r o l t h e process of b o u r g e o i s degeneration and, on the other hand, to take advantage o f the h a t r e d a n d c o n t e m p t o f the w o r k i n g masses t o w a r d s these e l e m e n t s a n d t o w i n t h e m o v e r a n d rely on t h e m in every situation that w o u l d jeopardize their r u l i n g position. At the same time the Soviet revisionist leaders, b y c r i t i c i z i n g t h e u l t r a - r i g h t i s t s , a r e s t r i v i n g t o create t h e i l l u s i o n t h a t they fight not o n l y a g a i n s t t h e dogmatists, b u t also a g a i n s t the revisionists, that they allegedly pursue the L e n i nist road of the struggle on two fronts. As a matter of fact, these tactics a r e a i m e d at c o n s o l i d a t i n g the p o s i t i o n s o f the c l i q u e i n p o w e r a n d a t i n t e n s i f y i n g .

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a t t h e i r ease a n d w i t h t h e least p o s s i b l e t r o u b l e s , the f i g h t a g a i n s t M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , r e v o l u t i o n a n d s o c i a l i s m . T h e s e a r e d a n g e r o u s tactics w h i c h m u s t be exposed and smashed. There should be no illusi o n t h a t t h e degenerate B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n c l i q u e , lately submerged in treachery, can be brought to its senses b y t h e e v e n t s i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , P o l a n d a n d the activation of the liberals inside the Soviet U n i o n . The fight against the ultras is a fight a m o n g the revisionist cliques for power. N o t h i n g c a n correct these cliques. O n l y t h e r e v o l u t i o n f o r the o v e r t h r o w o f those i n p o w e r o r w h o are struggling for power, w i l l put the Soviet p a r t y a n d S t a t e b a c k o n t h e correct r o a d o p e n e d b y the October Revolution. I t i s p r e c i s e l y this r e v o l u t i o n w h i c h i s f e a r e d m o r e t h a n a n y t h i n g else b y t h e B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n c l i q u e . T h e y f e a r t h e masses o f the people m o r e t h a n the liberals. T h e y a r e w e l l a w a r e t h a t a n o p e n a c t i v a t i o n o f t h e u l t r a - r e v i s i o n i s t forces i n the S o v i e t U n i o n o f g r e a t r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s cannot take place so easily as in Czechoslovakia. S u c h a process i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n c o u l d n o t h e l p g i v i n g rise t o t h e resistance a n d r e v o l t o f t h e b o l s h e v i k r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , o f t h e w o r k i n g class a n d o f others, w h i c h w o u l d s w e e p a w a y t h e K h r u s h chevite r u l i n g clique together w i t h the ultras. T h e r e f o r e , the d i s c i p l i n e d e m a n d e d b y B r e z h n e v is directed, in the first place and above all, against the b o l s h e v i k s , a g a i n s t t h e people, a g a i n s t a l l those w h o d a r e o r w o u l d d a r e t o rise against t h e r e v i sionist t r e a c h e r y .

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T h e c o u r s e o f t h e recent e v e n t s i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a a n d P o l a n d h a s caused v e r y serious h e a d aches t o t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h e y are n o t o n l y d e e p e n i n g t h e r e v i s i o n i s t split, n o t o n l y c a u s i n g a lack of balance in political attitudes, disintegration i n t h e m u t u a l e c o n o m i c r e l a t i o n s , b u t t h e y are e v e n causing non observance of their military-political treaties. W i t h r e g a r d t o t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s , these events seriously affect the v e r y policy a n d i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e o f t h e i r r e g i m e . I f the B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n Podgorny clique had thought s o f a r that, a f t e r h a v i n g got r i d o f K h r u s h c h e v , t h e y h a d c r e a t e d a c e r t a i n i n t e r n a l s t a b i l i t y , the e v e n t s i n C z e c h o s lovakia, P o l a n d and in certain other countries c r e a t e d deep f a l t e r i n g w i t h i n i t s l e a d e r s h i p a n d s h o w e d t h a t its s t a b i l i t y w a s w e a k . T h u s i t w a s c o n f i r m e d once m o r e t h a t t h e r e i s n o t a n d t h e r e w i l l never be stability in the Soviet revisionist leadership. T h i s g r e a t uneasiness i s c l e a r l y e v i d e n t i n r e v i s i o n i s t B r e z h n e v ' s speech. T h a t i s w h y h e l a i d t h e greatest stress o n t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e unity i n t h e p a r t y , L e n i n i s t u n i t y b e t w e e n the p a r t y a n d t h e w o r k i n g class, t h e iron u n i t y b e t w e e n the people a n d the Leninist central committee and such other idle t a l k ! Real u n i t y can xist-Leninist party o f t h e correct l i n e , ninist principles, on norms of the party. b e s p o k e n o f o n l y i n a Mar-a n d i s a c h i e v e d o n t h e basis of the undistorted M a r x i s t - L e the basis o f t h e p u r e L e n i n i s t B u t i n t h e present d a y r e v i s i o -

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nist p a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n one c a n n o t s p e a k e i t h e r of M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t u n i t y or of a n y of those p r i n c i p l e s w h i c h f o r m , p r e s e r v e a n d t e m p e r it. T h i s h a p p e n s because t h e r e i s n o t a n d t h e r e c a n n o t b e i d e n t i t y o f v i e w s a n d u n i t y o f a c t i o n a m o n g the v a r i o u s r e v i s i o n i s t cliques r u l i n g i n the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n the S o v i e t S t a t e . The bolshevik unity formulated and implem e n t e d b y L e n i n , S t a l i n a n d b y the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y o f L e n i n - S t a l i n i s the u n i t y t h a t the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s need, a n d i t i s p r e c i s e l y this u n i t y t h a t the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s f i g h t against, seek to destroy, a n d can n e v e r a t t a i n . The bolshevik u n i t y was achieved in fierce and uninterrupted struggle, led by L e n i n , S t a l i n a n d the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y n o t o n l y a g a i n s t t h e e x t e r n a l enemies, the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d capitalists, b u t also a g a i n s t C z a r i s m a n d a l l the c a p i t a l i s t b o u r geois parties of its r e g i m e , a g a i n s t the p s e u d o revolutionary parties d u r i n g and after the R e v o l u t i o n , against the left socialist r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , T r o t s k y i t e s , Z i n o v i e v i s t s , B u k h a r i n i s t s a n d a l l the o t h e r o p p o r t u n i s t s , r i g h t i s t s a n d leftists, agents o f the b o u r g e o i s i e a n d r e a c t i o n , i n s i d e a n d o u t s i d e of the p a r t y . B o l s h e v i k u n i t y e l i m i n a t e d the a n t i - L e n i n i s t f a c t i o n s i n the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y . I t d i d n o t a l l o w and could never allow, either legally or illegally t h e existence o f f a c t i o n s i n t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y . If the opposite is t h e case a n d if t h e y do n o t s t r i v e f o r t h e t o t a l s m a s h i n g o f a l l k i n d o f factions, the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y c a n n e v e r be c a l l e d a L e n i n i s t

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p a r t y , because o n the m a i n issue i t w i l l h a v e t h e n r e j e c t e d these p r i n c i p l e s a n d those n o r m s w h i c h m a k e i t the o r g a n i z e d M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t d e t a c h m e n t of t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . S u c h a p a r t y loses, e l i m i n a t e s the u l t i m a t e a i m of its existence as a m o n o l i t h i c p a r t y of the proletariat, for the establishment of the p r o l e t a r i a n d i c t a t o r s h i p , f o r the b u i l d i n g o f socialism and communism. Such a party is transform e d i n t o a n a r e n a w h e r e s e p a r a t e groups, w i t h s e p a r a t e interests, w i t h separate aims, s t r u g g l e for supremacy, for power. S u c h a p a r t y strives to p r e s e r v e o n l y t h e disguise, the e x t e r n a l aspect o f a s i n g l e p a r t y , w i t h a v i e w to d e c e i v i n g a n d n o t h i n g else. The C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n has d e g e n e r a t e d t o d a y i n t o s u c h a p a r t y . T h e r e does not and cannot exist u n i t y in the present-day r e v i sionist p a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e r e f o r e t h e question arises: w h a t u n i t y do the Soviet r e v i sionists h e a d e d b y B r e z h n e v , speak a b o u t ? T h e y c a l l f o r a u n i t y o f the v a r i o u s cliques w i t h i n the p a r t y a n d i n the l e a d e r s h i p o f the r e v i sionist p a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n i n face o f t h e great d a n g e r s t h r e a t e n i n g t h e m b o t h f r o m o u t s i d e a n d inside. T h e d a n g e r t o t h e m f r o m w i t h i n i s great. I t stems b o t h f r o m the s p l i t w i t h i n t h e i r r e v i s i o n i s t f o l d , a n d also f r o m t h e g o o d r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i tions o f t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , t r a d i t i o n s w h i c h the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s are s t r i v i n g to suppress, to cause t h e m to degenerate or d e m a g o g i c a l l y h a r n e s s t h e m t o t h e i r o w n interests.

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T h e s e t r a d i t i o n s w e r e c r e a t e d b y the G r e a t O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n a n d the f i g h t o f the b o l s h e v i k s , b y the ideas o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , o n the basis o f w h i c h a great p a r t y w a s f o r m e d a n d t e m p e r e d , the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t w a s e s t a b l i s h e d , the f i r s t socialist S t a t e o f t h e w o r k e r s a n d peasants w a s set up, s o c i a l i s m w a s s u c c e s s f u l l y b u i l t u p , the national question, so complicated in the Soviet U n i o n , w a s c o r r e c t l y settled, too. I n the process o f the class struggle, e n e r g e t i c a l l y l e d b y L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t w a s s t r e n g t h e n e d , the consciousness o f t h e w o r k i n g people w a s r a i s e d a n d t e m p e r e d , t h e a l l i a n c e o f the w o r k i n g class a n d p e a s a n t r y w a s c o n s o l i d a t e d , factions i n s i d e a n d o u t s i d e t h e p a r t y w e r e s m a s h e d a n d the p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f v e g e t a t i o n , b e i t i n silence or as a m a t t e r of f o r m , of the n u c l e i of t h e o t h e r allegedly progressive bourgeois parties were r e m o v e d . F r o m the v i c t o r y o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a n d u n t i l n o w t h e r e has been o n l y one p a r t y i n the S o v i e t U n i o n the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t Union. The Bolshevik P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n laid d o w n the t r a d i t i o n of a single party in p o w e r ; since the r e v o l u t i o n , t h e y o u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n s o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n h a v e r e c o g n i z e d o n l y one p a r t y , therefore they are connected w i t h this tradition. W i t h the a d v e n t o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e s t o p o w e r , the socialist s y s t e m b u i l t u p i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n was frontally attacked under the mask of passing over to c o m m u n i s m . T h e dictatorship of the proletariat was attacked under the mask of

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t h e state o f t h e w h o l e people, w h i c h m e a n s lib e r a l i z a t i o n o f t h e p o w e r . T h e t r a i t o r s t o the r e v o l u t i o n , t r a i t o r s o f a l l shades w e r e r e h a b i l i t a t e d a n d the g r o u n d w a s p r e p a r e d f o r the r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e n e w c a p i t a l i s t s o c i a l basis, w i t h a n e w s t r u c t u r e a n d superstructure. T h e proclamation of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a s the p a r t y o f the w h o l e people is a bridge spanning the opport u n i s t s w a m p a n d t h e e l i m i n a t i o n o f a l l the r e v o lutionary traditions of the Bolshevik Communist P a r t y . A l l t h i s creates f a v o u r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s f o r the l i q u i d a t i o n also of the tradition of the single l e a d i n g p a r t y , a l t h o u g h this i s n o t i n t h e i n t e r e s t of the hegemony of the big Soviet revisionist State a n d of the connection of different nationalities l i v i n g in the Soviet U n i o n . Soviet modern revisionism means splittism w h i l e s t r i c t i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d defence o f t h e t e a c h i n g s o f L e n i n - S t a l i n m e a n s u n i t y . O n t h e basis o f these t e a c h i n g s t h e q u e s t i o n o f n a t i o n a l i t i e s w a s c o r r e c t l y r e s o l v e d a n d t h e U n i o n o f the S o v i e t S o c i a l i s t R e p u b l i c s w a s c r e a t e d . O n l y t h e defence o f t h e ideas o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n c a n p r e s e r v e the u n i t y of the Soviet U n i o n and of the nationalities w h i c h c o m p r i s e it. K h r u s h c h e v i t e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n Ism w i l l smash the U n i o n of the Soviet Socialist R e p u b l i c s a n d t h e L e n i n i s t u n i t y a m o n g the n a t i o nalities. T h e creation of other revisionist bourgeois parties in the Soviet U n i o n w i l l come about as a later result of the disintegration and degeneration of the Soviet Union, both f r o m the political and

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ideological and m o r a l viewpoint, as w e l l as f r o m the economic-State viewpoint. T h e road of r e v i sionism is the road of treachery to c o m m u n i s m , of concessions t o t h e bourgeoisie, o f n a t i o n a l i s m . E x perience s h o w s t h a t t h e deeper the process o f r e v i s i o n i s t d e g e n e r a t i o n u n f o l d s , t h e m o r e concessions are m a d e t o t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s , t o the b o u r g e o i s i e a n d to various nationalists. The n e w revisionist cliques w h i c h come to power after u p s e t t i n g the o l d cliques are e v e r m o r e p r e p a r e d t o a d v a n c e o n t h i s r o a d . T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s , too, w i l l m a k e c o n cessions b o t h to the d o m e s t i c b o u r g e o i s i e a n d to t h e nationalism of their various Republics, just as they a r e d o i n g w i t h the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d i n t h e i r r e l a tions w i t h t h e i r r e v i s i o n i s t a l l i e s i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s pose as i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t s a n d accuse T i t o a n d D u b c h e k o f b e i n g n a t i o n a l i s t a n d c h a u v i n i s t i c , a s t h e y a r e i n d e e d , b u t i n fact the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders t h e m s e l v e s are a s m u c h , i f not m o r e so, n a t i o n a l i s t a n d c h a u v i n i s t i c . In order to camouflage their traitorous features t h e y h a v e r e - a r r a n g e d the l e a d e r s h i p b y b r i n g i n g in individuals f r o m different nationalities, in order t o g i v e t h e i m p r e s s i o n that t h e d i f f e r e n t n a t i o n a lities o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d . B u t i n fact t h e i r e n t i r e a c t i v i t y i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y b i g State chauvinism, by the R u s s i a n - U k r a i n i a n t e n dency to domination, by a reactionary nationalist p o l i c y w h i c h c a n o n l y l e a d t o d o m i n a t i o n b y force, w h i c h w i l l l e a d t o t h e s p l i t t i n g o f the U n i o n . T o t a l d e g e n e r a t i o n w i l l come a b o u t as a r e s u l t o f t h e d i v i s i o n o f the S o v i e t U n i o n i n t o d i f f e r e n t

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n a t i o n a l States, r u l e d b y c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i s c l i ques t h a t w i l l seize p o w e r i n t h e m . T h e process of Titoite degeneration in the n a t i o n a l question, n o t to speak of o t h e r aspects, t h e process of t h e disintegration of the p a r t y in Czechoslovakia and t h e r e v i v a l o f t h e n a t i o n a l c h a u v i n i s t i c feelings o f t h e C z e c h s a n d S l o v a k s , are m e r e l y a p r e l u d e o f the great r e v i s i o n i s t s y m p h o n y which w i l l be played in the Soviet U n i o n . The Soviet revisionists w i l l strive hard, by all means, t o a v o i d this t h o r o u g h d i s i n t e g r a t i o n b e c a u se s u c h a t h i n g is n o t in t h e i r i n t e r e s t as a b i g d o m i n a t i n g c a p i t a l i s t S t a t e , b u t i n s u c h a case they w i l l show themselves to be big nation c h a u vinists a n d they w i l l be unable any longer to dec e i v e a n y o n e b y t h e m a s k o f a socialist S t a t e . T h e y w i l l c o n t i n u e t o s t r i v e i n t h e i r o w n interests, t o p r e s e r v e t h e t r a d i t i o n of a s i n g l e l e a d i n g p a r t y , of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e struggle of various revisionist factions w i t h i n the p a r t y a n d i n t h e l e a d e r s h i p w i l l t a k e place f o r a long time inside the party, in the leadership, but i t w i l l pass outside o f i t too, t o the p a r t i e s o f the Republics a n d to the Republics themselves. I n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r p o w e r t h e r e v i s i o n i s t cliques w i l l n o t f a i l t o e x p l o i t the t r a d i t i o n o f t h e B o l s h e v i k C o m m u n i s t P a r t y against factionists and deviationists. U n d e r t h i s d i s g u i s e K h r u s h c h e v a n d the Khrushchevites, in addition to the preparation of the g r o u n d f r o m t h e p o l i t i c o - i d e o l o g i c a l a n d o r g a n i s a t i o n a l v i e w p o i n t against S t a l i n a n d L e n i n i s m , a t t a c k e d the M o l o t o v g r o u p a s a n t i - p a r t y . L a t e r

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the elimination of K h r u s h c h e v himself and his supporters occurred. Nevertheless, in the Soviet leadership a n d in t h e w h o l e p a r t y deep d i v e r g e n c i e s e x i s t . There exist active groups struggling for domination, a n d as a r e s u l t t h e r e also e x i s t s a f i e r c e s t r u g g l e a m o n g them. The clique that rules temporarily w i l l strive t o w e a k e n t h e o p p o n e n t cliques, t o n e u t r a l i z e t h e m and, f i n a l l y if they become dangerous, to e l i m i n a t e them by attaching to t h e m the anti-party group l a b e l , because t h e p s e u d o - p a r t y i s f o r t h e m , f o r t h e t i m e b e i n g , t h e p i v o t w h i c h c a n deceive t h e masses o f the S o v i e t people, a c c u s t o m e d t o t h i s t r a d i t i o n . A b o v e all, the cliques that w i n and rule w i l l effectively rely on the weapons of their dictatorship, on their Security Forces and on their Armies. I t i s a fact t h a t i n a l l t h e r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s , the K h r u s h c h e v i t e s , f r o m the v e r y outset, a t t a c k e d the Security Force, the M i n i s t r y of H o m e A f f a i r s , systematically purging the Security Service. T h e y did not take such a measure against the A r m y . W h a t does t h i s s h o w i n g e n e r a l ? T h i s s h o w s t h a t the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s d i d n o t a i m o n l y a t c o m p l e t i n g their calumnies against Stalin, but they attack e d t h e S e c u r i t y F o r c e a s i t c o n s t i t u t e d one o f t h e dangers t o t h e i r t r e a c h e r y . T h i s m e a n s t h a t t h e S o v i e t S e c u r i t y F o r c e w a s t e m p e r e d a n d seasoned i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t t h e e n e m i e s o f t h e class and the dictatorship, irrespective of the mistakes it might have made. N o w , in general, the revisionists have purged the S e c u r i t y F o r c e o f o p p o n e n t s a n d t h e y h a v e

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i t f o r t h e m s e l v e s . B u t w h o s e i s it, o f w h i c h c l i q u e ? O f t h e m o s t p o w e r f u l one. T h i s i s c o n f i r m e d b y the removal of Shelepin and Semichasny, two new r e v i s i o n i s t s w h o are, f o r c e r t a i n , o p p o s e d t o the others. T h e y acted l i k e w i s e i n t h e A r m y , b u t here not so b r u t a l l y . C o n s i d e r i n g it as a great a n d d a n g e rous force, t h e y acted a n d are a c t i n g c a u t i o u s l y , especially, t h r o u g h its leaders. T h e r e t h e y caress the leaders, t h e y r e m o v e cadres b y tens o f t h o u sands, t h e y decorate t h e m , t h e y g i v e t h e m v i l l a s , they p e n s i o n t h e m off, t h e y expose t h e m t o susp i c i o n , etc. T h e m a i n tendency, a s e v e r y w h e r e i n the A r m y , too, i s d e g e n e r a t i o n a n d a p o l i t i c a l i s m , a t t a c h i n g t h e leaders to t h e c h a r i o t of the most p o w e r f u l c l i q u e w i t h a v i e w t o u s i n g the A r m y a s a w e a p o n of c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r y o p p r e s s i o n a n d violence. T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s t a k e great care s o t h a t the d e g e n e r a t i o n o f the p a r t y , o f the S t a t e a n d e c o n o m y s h o u l d n o t o c c u r i n the chaotic w a y w h i c h the c l o w n c h a r l a t a n , K h r u s h c h e v , s t a r t e d . H e w a s e l i m i n a t e d because h e w a s c a u s i n g p r e m a t u r e d a n gers t o t h e m . K h r u s h c h e v ' s successors, w h i l e causi n g the p a r t y t o degenerate, i n a p p e a r a n c e p r e s e r v e the f o r m s o f g e n e r a l o r g a n i s a t i o n . T h e y effect m a n y organisations and reorganisations in various a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s , but, to d i s g u i s e themselves, t h e y p r e s e r v e t h e g e n e r a l f o r m s o f the S t a t e . T h e y speak o f a m o d i f i c a t i o n of the c o n s t i t u t i o n a n d t h e y a r e a l l e g e d l y w o r k i n g f o r this, b u t t h e y a r e n o t h a s t y . T h e y are u n d e r m i n i n g the S o v i e t P o w e r , b u t a t the

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same t i m e t h e y seek to d i s g u i s e it, to p r e s e r v e the socialist appearance. A s r e g a r d s t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n o f e c o n o m y , the changes t h e y are m a k i n g i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n , t h e y a r e a d v a n c i n g m o r e o p e n l y t o w a r d s the l i q u i d a t i o n o f socialist e c o n o m y a n d its t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n t o a capitalist economy. A n d it cannot happen otherwise a s this i s s o m e t h i n g w h i c h c a n n o t b e m a s k e d . T h i s i s r e q u i r e d b y t h e o b j e c t i v i t y o f the c r e a t i o n o f the n e w r e v i s i o n i s t c a p i t a l i s t class, i t i s r e q u i r e d b y t h e interest o f the cliques i n p o w e r , i t i s r e q u i r e d b y the n e w alliances w i t h w o r l d c a p i t a l i s m a n d , i n the f i r s t place, w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , i t i s r e q u i r e d b y t h e needs o f t h e i r b o u r g e o i s d i c t a t o r s h i p , w h i c h oppresses, a n d w i l l a l w a y s oppress m o r e f o r c e f u l l y , the masses o f the p e o p l e a n d r e v o l u t i o n inside, a n d w i l l a c t i v a t e the s t r u g g l e f o r h e g e m o n y outside. B u t i t i s not o n l y the r e v i s i o n i s t cliques that w o r k a n d act i n this w h o l e process w h i c h i s t a k i n g place i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n the f o l d o f t h e revisionist p a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n . True, they a c t u a l l y r u l e t h r o u g h a single l e a d i n g p a r t y , as the b o l s h e v i k s w e r e r u l i n g p r e v i o u s l y , b u t t h i s does n o t m e a n t h a t i n the f o l d o f the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , and outside of the party, in the f o l d o f t h e class a n d o f the masses, b o l s h e v i s m , too, i s n o t w o r k i n g , t h o u g h n o w i t i s i n a m i n o r i t y , in semi-illegality or in complete illegality. I n the l e a d e r s h i p o f the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n t h e r e a r e n o o v e r t b o l s h e v i k s , b u t t h e r e are n o covert ones e i t h e r . T h i s s h o w s t h a t i n

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the S o v i e t U n i o n , u n l i k e i n o t h e r countries, the bolsheviks m a y have started or w i l l start t h e i r w o r k i n s i d e the p a r t y , a s a s t i l l s m a l l f a c t i o n a n d i n c o m p l e t e secrecy, j u s t a s t h e y m a y start o r m a y have started it outside the party, or simultaneously f r o m w i t h i n a n d f r o m outside, t o r e e s t a b l i s h t h e glorious Bolshevik P a r t y of L e n i n and Stalin. The S o v i e t r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s w i l l , f o r sure, also use tested f o r m s , m e t h o d s a n d tactics o f the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y . T h e y w i l l t a k e i n t o account the n e w c i r c u m s t a n c e s and conditions and they w i l l k n o w h o w to take advantage of them. The experience that w i l l be g a i n e d w i l l c e r t a i n l y b e o f great i m p o r t a n c e to the f u t u r e . T h e course o f events i n the w o r l d a n d i n the international communist movement has clearly s h o w n t h a t the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s , i n close a l l i a n c e w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , h a v e b e c o m e a v o w e d a n d c u n n i n g enemies o f r e v o l u t i o n a n d o f the l i b e r a t i o n struggles of the peoples of the w o r l d . I n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a t h e y c l a i m t o act o n b e h a l f o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t h e y c l a i m t o act o n b e h a l f o f L e n i n i s m , o n h e h a l f o f the B o l s h e v i k C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h i s is a great d a n g e r t h r e a t e n i n g the f r e e d o m o f the peoples, the r e v o l u t i o n , s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m munism. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a has e x p o s e d , f o u g h t a n d w i l l e x p o s e a n d f i g h t these d e c e p t i v e positions seized b y t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s t h r o u g h t o the end, f o r i t t h i n k s t h a t t h i s i s t h e o n l y M a r -

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xist-Leninist road of revolutionary struggle to dist i n g u i s h b e t w e e n the B o l s h e v i k C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n a n d the present S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y , t o d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n the S o v i e t U n i o n c r e a t e d a n d b u i l t b y L e n i n , S t a l i n a n d t h e b o l s h e v i k s a n d the p r e s e n t day Soviet U n i o n w h i c h the Soviet m o d e m r e v i sionists h a v e caused to degenerate. W i t h o u t m a k i n g this d i s t i n c t i o n , a n d w i t h o u t w a g i n g this f i e r c e u n c o m p r o m i s i n g s t r u g g l e against the r e v i s i o n i s t t r e n d a n d the m e a n s o f i t s r e g i m e a n d p o w e r , the f i g h t a g a i n s t the U.S.-led w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m cannot b e p r o p e r l y w a g e d n o r can w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a d v a n c e a t t h e r e q u i r e d speed. T h e g r e a t interests o f t h e S o v i e t peoples a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , the interests o f w o r l d c o m m u n i s m , d e m a n d t h a t the r e a l socialist S o v i e t U n i o n s h o u l d b e r e n e w e d , j u s t a s L e n i n , S t a l i n a n d the b o l s h e v i k s created it. T h e interests o f r e v o l u t i o n d e m a n d that the r e a l socialist S o v i e t U n i o n s h o u l d b e s t r o n g , w i t h inviolable international authority, as it was at the t i m e o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n . N o w the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e l o w e r e d t o the g r o u n d the prestige a n d a u t h o r i t y b o t h o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d o f its C o m m u n i s t P a r t y . F r o m t h i s s i t u a t i o n the real Soviet U n i o n , the offspring of the October R e v o l u t i o n , m u s t b e rescued, b u t h o w c a n t h i s b e achieved? There is o n l y one road and this is the r o a d o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e f o r t h e d e s t r u c tion of the revisionist clique n o w r u l i n g in the S o v i e t U n i o n . T h i s i s a n h i s t o r i c task f a c i n g the w o r k i n g class o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , the r e a l b o l s h e -

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v i k s a n d S o v i e t r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s . T h e tempest of a second great p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n i n the S o v i e t U n i o n w i l l w i p e the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists f r o m the e a r t h s ' face.

The Contradictions Among the Revisionist Cliques Have Degenerated Into a Life A n d Death Struggle Among Them It is n o w a fact t h a t the h e g e m o n y of the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s i n the r e v i s i o n i s t c a m p i s b e i n g split, as r e v i s i o n i s m , b e i n g a b o u r g e o i s t r e n d , h a s i n its f o l d n u m e r o u s c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a n d i t e n c o u n ters t h e o p p o s i t i o n o f i t s p a r t n e r s a n d allies i n practice. W e a r e t o d a y w i t n e s s i n g t h e fact that the r e v i s i o n i s t cliques, w h e t h e r i n p o w e r o r not, are q u a r r e l i n g w i t h , s e p a r a t i n g f r o m a n d o p p o s i n g the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s h a d l o n g s i n c e forecast s u c h a s i t u a t i o n , t h e r e f o r e , no c o m m u n i s t , n o f a c t i o n o f the w o r k i n g class o f a n y c o u n t r y m u s t a l l o w i t s e l f t o b e d e c e i v e d b y the a l l e g e d l y i n d e p e n d e n t , s o v e r e i g n actions o f a n y revisionist clique, a n d should not entertain the least i l l u s i o n t h a t these cliques h a v e become sens i b l e men, i n a s m u c h a s t h e y h a v e d e p a r t e d f r o m the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s . D e c i s i v e i n j u d g i n g this p h e n o m e n o n is t h e class o r i e n t a t i o n , the class struggle, the loyalty to the teachings of M a r x , Engels, L e n i n and Stalin, and their implementation i n a c o n c r e t e a n d consistent w a y , b r a v e l y a n d w i t h out t a k i n g account of a n y sacrifice whatsoever.

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W e m u s t b e a r i n m i n d t h a t the m o d e r n r e v i sionists a r e not p r e o c c u p i e d s o m u c h n o w , a s i n the p r e v i o u s times, b y the c o o r d i n a t i o n a m o n g t h e m o f the r e v i s i o n i s t stereotype f o r m u l a s , f a b r i c a t e d i n the K h r u s h c h e v i t e w o r k s h o p s o f the K r e m l i n a n d z e a l o u s l y s e r v e d a t e v e r y soup b y the r e v i s i o n ist neophytes. T h e y b e c a m e stale a n d w e r e repeated s o m u c h t h a t t h e y a r e n o w w o r n out. T h e y h a v e a l l left the e m p t y K h r u s h c h e v i t e p h r a s e o l o g y i n the l u r c h . E v e r y r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p , w h e t h e r i n p o w e r o r not, u n d e r t o o k , o n b e h a l f o f L e n i n i s m , t o liberate itself f o r e v e r f r o m e v e r y y o k e , esp e c i a l l y f r o m the y o k e o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t a n d o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t i d e o l o g y . E v e r y theory, n o t o n l y o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s , b u t also o f t h e i r n e w i d e o l o g i c a l o r p o l i t i c a l allies, w a s l e a d i n g , i n t h e i r o p i n i o n , t o s o c i a l i s m w i t h some i m p u l s e s , w i t h some slogans, w i t h m a n y lies, b u t everything n o w was leading to socialism. D i s r u p t i o n became t h e i r m a i n c o n c e r n . E v e r y r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p n o w b e g a n t o b e free a n d t o b u i l d u p its p l a n s o f d e t a c h m e n t a n d r e u nion, of destruction a n d reintegration. It followed f r o m this, o f course, based o n the b r i l l i a n t K h r u s n chev t h e o r y , that e v e r y c o u n t r y , i n a s m u c h i t has its o w n specifics, m u s t b u i l d up also a s p e c i f i c s o c i a l i s m . A n d e a c h r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r y began t o l e n d a less a t t e n t i v e e a r to the s t e r e o t y p e phrases issued b y the K r e m l i n w o r k s h o p , b e g a n t o e x p o u n d its o w n s p e c i f i c f o r m u l a s , t o f o r m u l a t e its o w n theories o f h o w t o o r g a n i z e t h e n e w c a p i t a l i s t S t a t e i n its o w n c o u n t r y , h o w t o a d a p t t h e e c o n o m y t o

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this State, h o w t o l i q u i d a t e the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , h o w t o create the o t h e r b o u r g e o i s p a r t i e s a n d s h a r e p o w e r w i t h t h e m , h o w t o w i n o v e r the S e c u r i t y Force a n d the A r m y a n d change them f r o m weapons o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i n t o w e a p ons a g a i n s t the p r o l e t a r i a t a n d the w o r k i n g people. I n a d d i t i o n t o these m a i n d i r e c t i o n s , the r e v i sionists i n p o w e r i n these c o u n t r i e s w e r e g r e a t l y c o n c e r n e d , i n the f i r s t place, b y the w a y a n d the f o r m i n w h i c h t h e y w o u l d p a r t w i t h the S o v i e t revisionists. T h i s was the b i g chain that h a d to be b r o k e n . T h e y w e r e b o u n d b y m a n y overt a n d covert ideological, economic, political, cultural, m i l i t a r y a n d o t h e r ties, state ties, i n t e r s t a t e ties, ties of cliques, ties of i n d i v i d u a l s , espionage ties. A whole dirty network. Of course there w o u l d be a settlement o f accounts a m o n g t h e m , a s a m o n g gangsters. A n d this s e t t l e m e n t o f a c c o u n t s has a l r e a d y started, indeed it has considerably advanced. Therefore, it is no l o n g e r a q u e s t i o n of c o r r e c t i n g the f o r m u l a s o f the t h e o r y , b u t o f a c t i n g p i s t o l i n h a n d , y o u r m o n e y o r y o u r life, s o t o say. The revisionists have started a life a n d death struggle a m o n g themselves. The notorious Moscow meeting decided upon a t the B u d a p e s t C a r n i v a l s , a s has n o w b e e n s h o w n b y the o t h e r B u d a p e s t m e e t i n g o f the c o m m i s s i o n f o r the p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e s u m m i t , h a r d l y i n d i cates t h e a i m f o r w h i c h i t i s t o b e c o n v e n e d , t o e s t a b l i s h peace i n V i e t n a m , or to establish peace in t h e r e v i s i o n i s t camp, t h a t is to r e c o n c i l e

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the r e v i s i o n i s t gangsters w h o h a v e d r a w n t h e i r daggers against one another. T h i s conference is i n t e n d e d a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s t o conceal the w h o l e m i s e r a b l e s i t u a t i o n the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n f i n d s itself i n , a n d the defeats o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h i s is n o t a c o m m u n i s t c o n ference a n d the v a r i o u s p r e p a r a t o r y m e e t i n g s t h a t are b e i n g h e l d r e s e m b l e the backstages of the horse markets and trade exhibitions, w h e r e there have gathered a l l sorts o f s w i n d l e r s , traders, b r i g a n d s s t r i k i n g b a r g a i n s , g i v i n g a n d t a k i n g signatures, words, r u b l e s a n d dollars, to say this or that, this w a y or that w a y , to d e f e n d this or to i n s u l t that. The new Budapest meeting showed still more c l e a r l y the f u r t h e r rottenness a n d d e g e n e r a t i o n o f the r e v i s i o n i s t c a m p . O n l y a f e w w e e k s h a d elapsed f r o m the p r e v i o u s m e e t i n g w h i c h w a s a t t e n d e d b y 67 r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t i e s a n d h a r d l y 54 p a r t i e s w e r e r e p r e s e n t e d a t the n e w session. L e t u s see h o w many w i l l go to Moscow in November. There they w i l l d r a w u p a balance-sheet, b u t i t i s a l r e a d y o b v i o u s t h a t it w i l l be a d e p l o r a b l e one. T h e n e w r e v i s i o n i s t B u d a p e s t m e e t i n g , as to the n u m b e r a n d q u a l i t y of its p a r t i c i p a n t s , w a s a c o m p l e t e f a i l u r e f o r the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h a t i s w h y the m a j o r p a r t o f the p a r t i c i p a n t s w e r e e x p e l l e d a n d o n l y 22 r e m a i n e d to p r e p a r e the h a s h to be s e r v e d at the f o r t h c o m i n g Moscow m e e t i n g . O n e o f the m a i n o b j e c t i v e s o f the m e e t i n g o f these b a n d i t s w i l l a g a i n b e the f i g h t a g a i n s t the Communist P a r t y of China, of the P a r t y of L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . T h e y

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w i l l n e v e r f o r g e t t h i s i n a s m u c h the s t r u g g l e w h i c h o u r M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s are w a g i n g f o r the e x p o s u r e o f r e v i s i o n i s m h a n g s o v e r t h e i r heads l i k e the s w o r d o f D a m o c l e s . T h e r o l e o f the r e v i s i o n i s t parties, t h e i r v e r y existence, i s t o suppress r e v o l u t i o n i n t h e i r o w n c o u n t r i e s a n d i n the w o r l d and, i n the f i r s t place, t o s u b d u e C h i n a a n d A l b a n i a , w h i c h h o l d h i g h the b a n n e r o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , o f r e v o l u t i o n a n d the l i b e r a t i o n o f the peoples. A f r a n t i c c a m p a i g n of a t t a c k s a n d s l a n d e r s has been l a u n c h e d t o d a y b y the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s a g a i n s t t h e great C h i n e s e p r o l e t a r i a n c u l t u r a l r e v o l u t i o n , i n i t i a t e d a n d d i r e c t l y l e d b y the o u t s t a n d ing Marxist-Leninist, C o m r a d e M a o Tse-tung, for it smashed the plot of the home and foreign r e v i sionists a g a i n s t people's C h i n a , a n d it is a great i n s p i r a t i o n f o r a l l the r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , the w o r k i n g class a n d the l a b o r i n g masses o f the c o u n t r i e s w h e r e the r e v i s i o n i s t s r u l e , i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e f o r the o v e r t h r o w o f the r e v i s i o n i s t cliques i n p o w e r . E a c h d a y s h o w s the w e a k n e s s o f t h e m o d e r n revisionists and precisely this year is becoming f o r t h e m , a n d i n t h e f i r s t place f o r the S o v i e t r e v i sionists, a y e a r of catastrophe. C z e c h o s l o v a k i a left t h e m t h i s y e a r . P o l a n d , too, is a b o u t to do so. L a t e r it w i l l be the t u r n of H u n g a r y and B u l g a r i a . This y e a r m a y see the G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c i s o l a t e d a n d s o l d out, t h e W a r s a w T r e a t y a l m o s t n o n - e x i s t e n t , the M u t u a l E c o n o m i c A i d C o m m i t t e e , t h e i r e c o n o m i c o r g a n i s a t i o n , s t r a n g l e d . These p r o b l e m s o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s w i l l n o t b e settled, for certain, either by the revisionist bohemia, or

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by the n u m b e r of the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t i e s of t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s t h a t come to m e e t i n g s to fairs t o receive the p r o m i s e d r e w a r d s . The great c o n t r a d i c t i o n s c o r r o d i n g the r e l a t i o n s a m o n g the r e v i s i o n i s t s are e v e r m o r e e x p r e s s e d i n the f o r m o f u n d e r g r o u n d putches a n d plots to o v e r t h r o w one a n o t h e r a n d i n the f o r m o f i n t e r n a l criticism in each party. B u t a l l these t r o u b l e s t h a t h a v e b e f a l l e n the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d i n the f i r s t place the S o v i e t revisionists, are b e i n g c o v e r e d u p b y the l a t t e r w i t h the densest p o s s i b l e s m o k e s c r e e n so t h a t n e i t h e r the m e m b e r s o f the r e v i s i o n i s t C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , n o r the S o v i e t people c a n see clearly through them. A n d their propaganda is w o r k i n g precisely in this direction trying to muddle the heads o f the S o v i e t m e n a n d w o m e n , t o m a k e them more inert and more apolitical, to m a k e them l i v e a n d j u d g e t h i n g s b y some f o r m u l a s o f f e r e d t o t h e m b y the l e a d e r s h i p , t o m a k e t h e m see n o f u r ther t h a n t h e i r noses a n d , in case t h e y m a n a g e to see s o m e t h i n g a l i t t l e f u r t h e r , to m a k e t h e m see t h e m t h r o u g h the glasses of a m e g a l o m a n i a c . By speculating on and purposely i n f l a t i n g w h a t m a y be a l a w f u l p r i d e of the S o v i e t c i t i z e n as of b e i n g b o r n i n t h e c o u n t r y w h e r e L e n i n w a s b o r n , the c o u n t r y of the f i r s t m a n to r e a c h the cosmos, of the m a n w h o w i l l b e the f i r s t t o g o t o the m o o n , etc, the S o v i e t leaders a r e s e e k i n g to m a k e the S o v i e t people c o n s i d e r o t h e r people l i k e flies, t o t h i n k t h a t o t h e r s k n o w n o t h i n g , t h a t o t h e r s are unimportant individuals, therefore, they should

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l i v e u n d e r t h e i r s h a d o w . I n o r d e r t o m a k e people see t h i n g s w i t h t h e eye of a m e g a l o m a n i a c , the S o v i e t leaders n e e d t i m e a n d a g a i n t o o r g a n i s e s o m e great spectacle t o s e r v e t h i s p u r p o s e . F o r this reason, t h e y a r e o r g a n i z i n g the a n t i - c o m m u n i s t M o s c o w c o n f e r e n c e d e c i d e d u p o n b y the B u d a pest c a r n i v a l s . C a n t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s act o t h e r w i s e w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e i r p a r t i e s a n d peoples? C a n the m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s act o t h e r w i s e i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t ? N o , a b s o l u t e l y not. M o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m i s a f r a i d o f the p a r t y , o f the people a n d o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , i t i s a f r a i d t o o p e n l y raise p r o b l e m s a n d to s u b m i t t h e m to a serious c r i t i c i s m a n d a b o l s h e v i k a n a l y s i s b y the p a r t y , the people a n d i n t e r n a tional communism. It is afraid of being badly exposed a n d t o t a l l y s m a s h e d . T h e r e v i s i o n i s t s s e r v e u p t o t h e i r p a r t y w h a t i s i n t h e i r interest, p r e p a r e d , p r e t t i f i e d , f u l l o f lies, d i s t o r t i o n s a n d c a l u m n i e s . W h y d i d the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a enter i n t o c o n f l i c t w i t h t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d w i t h the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p ? Q u i t e s i m p l y , the r e v i s i o n i s t t r a i t o r s t o l d the m e m b e r s o f t h e i r p a r t y : 4he l e a d e r s h i p of the P a r t y of L a b o r of A l b a n i a and of the A l b a n i a n State sold themselves to the western capitalists, a n d so on, a n d so f o r t h . The revisionist cliques in their countries have t h r o w n h e a v y c h a i n s o n the p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i cal struggle of the revolutionaries, the Leninist p o l e m i c s . T h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s are a t t a c k i n g

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M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m w i t h a l l t h e i r m e a n s a n d forces, t h e y are d i s t o r t i n g it. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l bania, remaining faithful to M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and p e r f o r m i n g its i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t d u t y , speaks o p e n l y a n d exposes a l l these treacheries, t h a t are b e i n g c o m m i t t e d , w i t h p r i n c i p l e d courage. I t i s p r e c i s e l y for this reason t h a t t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , j o i n t l y w i t h t h e i r c a p i t a l i s t allies, a t t a c k the P a r t y o f Labour of A l b a n i a and have enforced their law o f silence about the t r u t h w h i c h i t spreads. B u t w h a t e v e r efforts the revisionists m a y m a k e , t h e y cannot conceal t h e rottenness a n d the o u t - a n d - o u t d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e i r parties, i n the same w a y a s t h e y c a n n o t p r e v e n t t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f the r e v i s i o n i s t f r o n t a n d t h e f a i l u r e o f the S o v i e t h e g e m o n y o v e r it. N o m e e t i n g , n o get-together whatsoever, b e t h e y t w o - p a r t y , f i v e - p a r t y o r m o r e , s u c h a s those w h i c h w e r e h e l d i n M o s c o w r e c e n t l y , c a n b r i n g o r d e r t o the r e v i s i o n i s t s h e r d . T h e great S t a t e c h a u v i n i s m o f t h e S o v i e t leaders, t h e i r efforts t o d o m i n a t e a n d s u b j u g a t e t h e i r allies, f a v o r a n d increase n a t i o n a l i s t a n d c e n t r i f u g a l tendencies o n the o t h e r side. J u s t a s t h e s t r u g g l e a m o n g the d i f f e r e n t g r o u p s constitutes o n e o f the m a i n features o f the p o l i t i c a l l i f e i n s i d e e v e r y r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r y , the d i v i s i o n s a n d c o n f l i c t s a m o n g t h e r e v i s i o n i s t countries c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , a s a b a s k e t of crabs. The present outburst of disputes between the clique o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d its r e v i s i o n i s t partners, o n the o n e h a n d , a s w e l l a s t h e d i s p u t e s about t h e p o l i t i c a l , e c o n o m i c a n d m i l i t a r y issues

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a m o n g the cliques o f v a r i o u s r e v i s i o n i s t countries, o n t h e o t h e r , c a n e a s i l y b e seen. T h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a m o n g t h e m a r e deep a n d c a n n e v e r b e r e c o n c i l e d . In the not distant future we shall witness still g r e a t e r clashes a n d d i s i n t e g r a t i o n the b r e a d t h a n d d e p t h o f w h i c h are a l r e a d y q u i t e o b v i o u s . T h o u g h t h e process o f f u r t h e r d e g e n e r a t i o n o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m i n v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s f o l l o w s the same r o a d a n d t h e s a m e a i m s i n g e n e r a l , i t does not h a v e i d e n t i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n p a r t i c u l a r . T h i s i s d u e t o t h e s p e c i f i c f e a t u r e s o f each c o u n t r y w h e r e the r e v i s i o n i s t cliques a r e r u l i n g . T h e a n a l y s i s o f the events i n each r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r y i n p a r t i c u lar, the f o r m s a n d m e t h o d s u s e d b y each p a r t i c u l a r r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p against M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m f o r the d e g e n e r a t i o n o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties a n d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t , are o f special importance, not to be underestimated. T h e f i g h t t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s w a g e against the r e v i s i o n i s t s m u s t b e w a g e d o n a w i d e f r o n t , but they should not forget the particular fight a g a i n s t t h e p a r t i c u l a r r e v i s i o n i s t s , w h o use tactics w h i c h are not i d e n t i c a l i n a t t a i n i n g t h e same a i m . M o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m has its m a i n c o m m o n features, it has its i d e n t i c a l s t r a t e g y , b u t it uses d i f f e r e n t f o r m s a n d tactics t o w h i c h s p e c i a l f o r m s a n d tactics o f s t r u g g l e m u s t b e opposed, f o r e v e r y s i t u a t i o n , f o r e v e r y phase o f its d e v e l o p m e n t , f o r e v e r y c o u n t r y a n d p a r t y i n w h i c h i t appears, seizes p o w e r , o r takes t h e d o w n w a r d course. Such an objective analysis is indispensable and m u s t b e m a d e b y a l l the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties,

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revolutionary groups and all communists and r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s o f e v e r y c o u n t r y that h a v e s e r i o u s l y d e c l a r e d w a r o n i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its l a c k e y s the m o d e r n revisionists. It is in Concrete Actions and Struggle that the Marxist-Leninist Party is Organized, that the Working Masses are Mobilized and Educated for Revolution T h e w o r k i n g class i n the c o u n t r i e s w h e r e t h e revisionists h a v e come t o p o w e r m u s t b e c o m e c o n scious o f the s o c i a l l y h i s t o r i c m o m e n t s t h r o u g h w h i c h the w o r l d a n d , especially, t h e i r c o u n t r i e s are p a s s i n g . T h e y m u s t realize t h a t t h e y are faced w i t h a great catastrophe a n d t h e i r s i t u a t i o n is m o r e complicated and more difficult than that of the p r o l e t a r i a t i n the c o u n t r i e s w h e r e c a p i t a l i s r u l i n g . T h e p r o l e t a r i a n s of the c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s can see w h e r e the e n e m y hides h i m s e l f a n d h o w h e m u s t b e fought, w h i l e the w o r k i n g class i n the c o u n t r i e s w h e r e the r e v i s i o n i s t s these n e w c a p i t a l i s t s w h o pose as M a r x i s t s are r u l i n g , a r e b e i n g deceived, h o o d w i n k e d , are b e i n g e n s l a v e d . T h i s w o r k i n g class w h i c h i s b e i n g p l a c e d u n d e r t h e c a p i t a l i s t y o k e has n o t e v e n the r i g h t to speak n o r the r i g h t to s t r i k e as t h e i r comrades in c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s have. U n d e r the p r e t e x t t h a t the w o r k e r s c a n n o t rise against the r e g i m e of the w o r k e r s , u n d e r the p r e t e x t t h a t the d i c t a t o r s h i p i s t h e i r o w n d i c t a t o r s h i p , that the l a w s are theirs a n d thus t h e y h a v e n o r e a s o n t o rise up, t o move, t h e n e w c a p i -

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talist class i n p o w e r i n the f o r m e r socialist c o u n tries i s s p e n d i n g its h o n e y - m o o n w i t h the w e s t e r n c a p i t a l i s t s o n those t e r r i t o r i e s w h e r e the p r o l e t a r i a n s a n d peasants w h o f o u g h t f o r r e v o l u t i o n u n d e r the banner of M a r x , Engels, L e n i n and S t a l i n have shed r i v e r s o f t h e i r b l o o d . A t the p r e s e n t stage o f rottenness o f i m p e r i a l i s m w e see the i m p o r t a n c e t h a t the l a t t e r h a v e p l a c e d o n t h e s t r a t u m o f the i n t e l l i g e n t s i a , t h e technocrats a n d b u r e a u c r a t s , w e see n o w t h a t t h e y h a v e succeeded i n c o r r u p t i n g a p a r t o f this s t r a t u m a n d h a v e p l a c e d t h e m i n t h e i r o w n service, e v e n i n t h e v a n o f t h e i r s t r u g g l e t o d o m i n a t e the w o r l d , t o suppress r e v o l u t i o n a n d the n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n struggles o f t h e peoples. T h i s c o r r u p t e d s t r a t u m i n s e r v i c e o f the c a p i t a l a r e s t r i v i n g , b y a l l the m a n y m e a n s a t t h e i r d i s p o s a l , t o c o r r u p t , t o deceive a n d n e u t r a l i z e the w o r k i n g class, the m a i n and decisive force opposing capitalism. It is i n this w a y a n d t h r o u g h this r o a d that c a p i t a l i s m is s e e k i n g to l e n g t h e n its l i f e - s p a n . This line is being broadly developed by modern revisionists both w h e r e they have come to power a n d w h e r e t h e y h a v e not. T h e c o r r u p t e d i n t e l l e c tuals a n d b u r e a u c r a t s h a v e become a n d a r e becom i n g t h e i r m a i n s t a y t o r e a l i z e the t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f socialist society i n t o c a p i t a l i s t society. T h e y are heading towards the subjugation of the w o r k i n g class, t o w a r d s t h e r e s t r i c t i o n to a m i n i m u m of t h e i r h i s t o r i c r o l e i n r e v o l u t i o n a n d s o c i a l i s m , t h e y are advancing towards their decomposition, corruption and transformation so that they m a y no longer

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be a p o l i t i c a l force b u t a m e r e e c o n o m i c a p p e n dage, a m e a n s i n t e n d e d n o t to r u l e b u t o n l y to w o r k f o r others, to p r o d u c e a l i t t l e f o r t h e m s e l v e s a n a m u c h f o r the n e w c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i s i e w h o are b e i n g f o r m e d , p r e c i s e l y o f the s t r a t u m o f the i n t e l l i g e n t s i a , the b u r e a u c r a t s , t e c h n o c r a t s a n d the w o r k e r aristocracy. In the c o u n t r i e s w h e r e the r e v i s i o n i s t s are in p o w e r t h e y are a d v a n c i n g m o r e r a p i d l y o n this road o p e n e d u p f o r t h e m b y w o r l d c a p i t a l i s m . B u t this g e n e r a l process l i k e w i s e has its o w n d i f f e r e n ces i n d i f f e r e n t r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s w h i c h d e p e n d on the degree of the d e v e l o p m e n t of r e v i s i o n i s m i n each i n d i v i d u a l c o u n t r y . T h e q u e s t i o n m a y a r i s e : h o w d i d this come about, this t u r n i n g t o w a r d s the r i g h t of a q u i t e i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f the i n t e l l i g e n t s i a i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n the o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s ? T h i s t u r n , we m a y say, is a p r o t r a c t process t a k i n g years, a n d it has n o t yet e n d e d , t h e scales are s t i l l s w i n g i n g . T h i s has o c c u r r e d , i n a d d i t i o n t o other things, as a r e s u l t of. t h e fact t h a t t h e p a r t y in these countries has not s u f f i c i e n t l y t a k e n account of the q u e s t i o n of the class i d e o l o g i c a l u p l i f t of the i n t e l l i g e n t s i a i n t w o d i r e c t i o n s . O n the one side, while they were teaching ideology in theory they w e r e n o t t a k i n g p a i n s t o t e l l those people, f o r e x a m p l e , w h a t a p i c k w a s . T h i s c a t e g o r y o f people that h a d schooling, w h e t h e r t h e y w e r e sons o f w o r k e r s , employees, c o l l e c t i v e f a r m e r s , w e r e s w a l l o v e d u p b y the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , offices, l e a d e r s h i p s . T h e y used to f o r m t h e elite, so to speak, of the

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proletarian regime, the n e w proletarian intelligents i a f i l l i n g t h e offices, t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s , t h e d e a n s ' offices, t h e d i r e c t o r s offices, theatres, e d i t o r i a l b o a r d s etc. T h e s e u s e d to b e c o m e d i s t i n g u i s h e d people, p h i l o s o p h e r s , artists, w r i t e r s a n d t h e y a l l bore the title of proletarian. S o m e of t h e m really w e r e a n d r e m a i n e d a s such, b u t o t h e r s w e r e degenerating jointly w i t h the administration, for the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , f r o m a means of the dictatorship of the p r o l e t a r i a t , w a s t u r n i n g i n t o a m o n s t e r t h a t dominated, strangled and directed the power of the proletarians at w i l l . On the other hand, a large part of the intelligentsia went to production, l i v i n g and w o r k i n g j o i n t l y w i t h t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t h e p e a s a n t r y . T h e y acquired considerable technical skill, to w h i c h a special importance w a s attached, but litte importance was attached to their ideological and political tempering. I n these t w o d o m a i n s the b u r e a u c r a t i z e d h i g h proletarian intelligentsia, according to the t r a d i tion, h a d occupied the top positions a n d never t h o u g h t o f y i e l d i n g t h e m . T h e y f e l t v e r y able, unmatchable in knowledge, destined to lead and d i r e c t others, t h e masses, t h a t is, t h e w o r k i n g class a n d the peasantry w h o by nature a n d by f u n c tions m u s t o n l y w o r k , w h i l e the intelligentsia m a k e the law, or more correctly, distort the prolet a r i a n l a w a n d use t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , t h e p a r t y , a g a i n s t s o c i a l i s m a n d against the p a r t y itself. Thus, in the revisionist countries there are

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former proletarians or intellectualized, bourgeoisif i e d , degenerate sons o f p r o l e t a r i a n s , w h o h a v e lost the class sense, w h o h a v e o c c u p i e d p o s i t i o n s i n t h e party and the State after a long and complicated process, a n d n o w , t h r o u g h the s t r o n g a p p a r a t u s o f the p a r t y a n d S t a t e P o w e r , t h e y h a v e p a r a l y z e d the p r o l e t a r i a n P o w e r a n d the p a r t y . A s a m a t t e r o f fact, i n the r e v i s i o n i s t countries, n e i t h e r t h e p o w e r o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t n o r the p a r t y o f the p r o l e t a r i a t f u n c t i o n s n o w . I n these c i r c u m s t a n c e s i t i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e t h a t everywhere our M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties and revol u t i o n a r i e s i n the w o r l d s h o u l d , i n the f i r s t place, a w a k e n t h e w o r k i n g class, open t h e i r eyes, a r m t h e m a n d t h r o w t h e m as q u i c k l y as possible i n t o revolutionary battle. The proletarian revolution is one o f the m o s t serious questions o f the l i f e o f a l l m a n k i n d a n d i t is, i n the f i r s t place, a p o l i t i c a l revolution. It must be f i r m l y led and f i r m l y organized, f o r i t is, w i t h o u t a n y d o u b t w h a t s o e v e r , a t a n y time and in every country a bloody clash bet w e e n the w o r k i n g class a n d the c a p i t a l i s t b o u r g e o i sie. T h e r e f o r e i n the f o r e f r o n t o f t h i s r e v o l u t i o n must be the proletarians and their communist party. Without a properly organized communist party, w i t h clear M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t political, o r g a nisational and ideological principles there is no r e v o lution whatsoever, no proletarian revolution can t r i u m p h . H i s t o r y does not r e c o r d a v i c t o r y u n d e r such conditions. the T h i s i s one o f the questions o f p r i n c i p l e w h i c h c o m m u n i s t s a n d the i n t e r n a t i o n a l working

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class m u s t a l w a y s bear i n m i n d o n their r e v o l u tionary road. The existence of really bolshevik parties o f t h e L e n i n - S t a l i n t y p e i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e t o the revolutionary Marxist-Leninists in the world, otherwise revolution cannot be organized and led. T o succeed i t i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e t h a t e v e r y c o m m u n i s t militant in the w o r l d should become acquainted w i t h t h e r e s p e c t i v e m a t e r i a l s o f the classic l e a d e r s of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m about the questions of the proletarian revolution a n d of the b u i l d i n g of the party, a n d faithfully carry them out in the concrete situation of his o w n country. A l l the considerations of the K h r u s h c h e v revisionists and the b o u r g e o i s i e a b o u t these q u e s t i o n s , w h o accuse u s o f b e i n g S t a l i n i s t s , dogmatists, etc, a r e m e r e l y idle talk aimed at leading us a w a y f r o m the real road. T h e teachings of L e n i n a n d Stalin, the revolutionary experience of the Bolshevik Party, p r o v i d e a b r i l l i a n t e x a m p l e o f h o w the p a r t y i s b u i l t , of h o w to b u i l d the dictatorship of proletariat, of h o w to b u i l d socialism, w h i l e everything of the Khrushchevites is to be discarded, exposed, m e r cilessly fought, for it is precisely they that are t u r n i n g the Soviet U n i o n into a capitalist country. T h e m o d e r n revisionists n o w have in their hands the leadership a n d the apparatus of the w o r k e r s ' a n d communist parties as w e l l as the trade unions. They are aware that their m a i n d a n g e r comes f r o m t h e w o r k i n g class, t h a t i s w h y t h e y are s t r i v i n g to keep the w o r k e r s under guard. T h e old social-democracy, whose slogans continue to

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deceive a p a r t of t h e w o r k i n g class a n d k e e p it a t t a c h e d t o its parties, i s n o w a l l e g e d l y i n d u l g i n g i n p o l e m i c s w i t h t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s p a r t i e s , b u t i n fact it is only a question of dividing a m o n g them the c r u m b s f r o m t h e c a p i t a l i s t d i n i n g table. T o d a y there is no difference whatsoever between the r e v i sionists a n d t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t s . T h e y a r e a l l d e c e i vers. T h e y w i l l s t r i v e i n e v e r y w a y t o d e c e i v e t h e w o r k i n g class i n o r d e r t o k e e p i t u n d e r t h e i r d o m i nation and influence. T h e r e v i s i o n i s t parties, w h e r e t h e y a r e i n p o w e r , u n d e r t h e legal cloak, u n d e r the f o r c e o f d e m o c r a t i c c e n t r a l i s m , w i t h o u t d e m o c r a c y i n fact, a l l e g e d l y u n d e r the l a w s o f t h e P o w e r o f the d i c tatorship of the proletariat, w h i c h in reality has been t u r n e d i n t o a d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the n e w t e c h n o cratic bureaucracy, b i n d the communists in heavy chains, w h i l e i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' p a r t i e s w h i c h h a v e been c o n v e r t e d i n t o r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t i e s are s t r i v i n g t o k e e p t h e communists under their influence, transforming and breaking d o w n the party norms, m a k i n g t h e m s i m i l a r to those of t h e b o u r g e o i s parties, so t h a t t h e i r s o c a l l e d c o m m u n i s t h a v e o n l y the m e m b e r s h i p card but no obligations whatsoever. In a w o r d , he i s n o l o n g e r d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m a m o n g t h e masses, he is not of the vanguard. I n these c i r c u m s t a n c e s t h e i m p e r a t i v e t a s k i s laid d o w n that the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s should break the revisionist-social democrat encirclement of the w o r k i n g class, l i b e r a t e t h e l a t t e r f r o m t h e b o u r geois a n d r e f o r m i s t i d e o l o g y , imbue them with

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class consciousness, so t h a t t h e y m a y not lose e i t h e r t h e i r b e a r i n g s o r t h e i r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c courage. T h e appraisal in due measure a n d in the proper way, both in practice a n d theory, of the role of the w o r k i n g class, a n d o f t h e w o r k a n d s t r u g g l e i n t h e i r r a n k s , i s o f decisive i m p o r t a n c e . I t i s f r o m here, a n d o n l y f r o m here, t h a t t h e y s h o u l d proceed, a n d n o t f r o m a closed a n d n a r r o w c i r c l e o f some i n d i v i d u a l intellectuals or of some individual students. T h e w o r k i n g class m u s t close t h e i r r a n k s , o r ganize themselves. T h e y must develop their o w n leaders f r o m t h e i r o w n r a n k s , b r a v e , f a i t h f u l , m i l i t a n t , m e n o f sacrifice, a n d s h o u l d n o t a l l o w h y p o c r i t i c a l , t a l k a t i v e e l e m e n t s t o t a k e o v e r the l e a d e r s h i p a n d use i t f o r t h e i r o w n c a r e e r - s e e k i n g a i m s o r f o r t h e i n t e r e s t s o f the b o u r g e o i s i e . T h e w o r k i n g class needs t e m p e r e d , s t e e l - l i k e a n d i n t r e p i d people h a v i n g a g o o d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f p r i n c i ples. T h e y w i l l l o v e s u c h people, t h e y w i l l l i s t e n t o t h e m a n d w i l l f o l l o w t h e m i n grass-root o r g a nisations, on the barricades, in strikes and in revolution. It is this w a y that the n e w revolutionary cadres w i l l b e t r a i n e d a n d t e m p e r e d , i t i s i n t h i s w a y t h a t t h e w o r k i n g class a n d t h e i r a l l i e s w i l l be w o n over, it is in this w a y that the modern revisionists a n d social-democrats w i l l be exposed, it is in this w a y that imperialism and capitalism w i l l be fought. I t i s a l o n g t h i s r o a d t h a t t h e w o r k i n g class w i l l create t h e i r n e w b o l s h e v i k parties, l o y a l t o the g l o r i o u s r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n s a n d t o t h e

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b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m , d e d i c a t e d t o t h e cause o f Marxism-Leninism and capable of defending it f r o m a l l e x t e r n a l a n d i n t e r n a l enemies. R e a l communists, revolutionaries cannot s h r i n k f r o m this imperative duty. I t i s t r u e t h a t this r e q u i r e s selfless w o r k a n d s t r u g g l e , b u t t h e y h a v e n e v e r f e a r e d sacrifices, h o w e v e r g r e a t t h e y m a y h a v e been. T h e r e i s n o w a r w i t h o u t d a m a g e o r suffering. The revisionists w h o have usurped power, of course w i l l not a l l o w the revolutionaries, the b o l s h e v i k s t o o r g a n i z e t h e m s e l v e s f r e e l y , t o act l e g a l l y , etc.; t h e y w i l l , f o r c e r t a i n , persecute them, jail them, torture them a n d even m u r d e r t h e m . T h i s h o w e v e r does n o t m e a n t h a t t h e c o m m u n i s t s m u s t g i v e u p the s t r u g g l e , the a c t i o n . Communists defend their views openly, even b e f o r e the g a l l o w s . T h e y are n o t a f r a i d , i f need be, of c o m i n g out i n t o the street to protest, to c a l l t o g e t h e r the w o r k e r s i n t h e f a c t o r y t o s p e a k t o t h e m , to e x p o s e the t r a i t o r s at conferences, to w r i t e b o o k s a n d d i s t r i b u t e leaflets. T h e L e n i n a n d S t a l i n bolsheviks were never frightened either by Siberia or the Czarist trials. T h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y i s o r g a n i z e d i n concrete actions. T h r o u g h concrete actions the w o r k i n g masses a r e e d u c a t e d f o r w a r a n d r e v o l u t i o n . O u t o f b o l d actions c o m e t h e h e a l t h y elements o f t h e w o r k i n g class w h o w i l l l e a d t h e m in the struggle to o v e r t h r o w the revisionist cliques. T h r o u g h t h e d a i l y , concrete, r e v o l u t i o n a r y struggle the bolshevik revolutionaries can a n d w i l l build their clandestine organisations in the r a n k s o f t h e w o r k i n g class, o f t h e c o l l e c t i v e f a r m p e a -

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s a n t r y a n d o f the A r m y , o f the S t a t e S e c u r i t y S e r vice, in the v a r i o u s a p p a r a t i of t h e S t a t e etc., so a s t o a t t a c k the r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e o n a w i d e f r o n t f r o m outside a n d f r o m inside to b r i n g about their t o t a l d e s t r u c t i o n . T h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s can a n d m u s t defend themselves f r o m revisionist attacks a n d m a k e their struggle more effective. N o w the revolutionaries in the countries w h e r e the revisionists are ruling, m a y not be in large n u m b e r s w i t h i n t h e p a r t y itself. B u t they must learn f r o m the e x a m p l e f r o m the history of the B o l s h e v i k C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Soviet U n i o n , f r o m L e n i n who, w h e n he was in a minority, being c o n v i n c e d o f the correctness o f h i s l i n e , r e s e r v e d himself the right and exercised it to call upon the w o r k i n g class t o j o i n h i m against o p p o r t u n i s m o r against the treachery of the various r i g h t w i n g or l e f t w i n g factions. T h e proletariat in m a n y countries of the w o r l d m u s t r e o r g a n i s e themselves, m u s t g u i d e t h e m s e l ves b y t h e i r o w n r e a l M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t ideology, they must launch an armed revolution and smash all the m a c h i n e r y of the capitalist, social-democrat i c a n d r e v i s i o n i s t b o u r g e o i s i e , w h i c h are l i n k s i n the chains of their enslavement. In their resolute struggle and in revolution the w o r l d proletariat w i l l also h a v e t h e i r allies w h o , i n these r e v o l u t i o n a r y periods, w i l l b e t t e r c l a r i f y t h e i r positions a n d stands. T h e s e allies are a w a i t i n g t h e i r l e a d e r to take the battlefield. It is the battlefield, the d r a w n sword against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d m o d e r n rev i s i o n i s m , t h a t decides, a n d n o t the a t t i t u d e o f wait.

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a n d see a n d o f c o m p r o m i s e . T h e l a t t e r a l w a y s c a u ses w a v e r i n g o f t h e p o s s i b l e a n d n a t u r a l allies o f the p r o l e t a r i a t . T h e e n t i r e p o l i c y a n d t h e s c h e m e s of the social-democrats a n d modern revisionists j o i n t l y w i t h the i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d w o r l d c a p i t a l i s t s a r e a i m e d p r e c i s e l y a t this. A special historic responsibility, a particularly great r o l e i n t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m , i s i n c u m b e n t u p o n t h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s w h o are o v e r t a k e n b y t h e g r a v e s t t r e a chery ever committed towards a people a n d the greatest d a n g e r t h r e a t e n i n g a great c o u n t r y w i t h a g l o r i o u s b a c k g r o u n d as is t h e case of t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . D o t h e y n o t see t h e great abyss t o w a r d s which their homeland is heading for? Do they not see w h a t great h a r m t h e a c t i v i t y o f t h e S o v i e t revisionists is inflicting on the international c o m munist movement and on the national-liberation s t r u g g l e of the peoples? C e r t a i n l y t h e y see it, a n d the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d peoples o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d h a v e c o n f i d e n c e t h a t t h e w o r k i n g class o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e S o v i e t c o l l e c t i v e f a r m e r s , people's intellectuals, soldiers a n d y o u t h w i l l o v e r c o m e the t e m p o r a r y u p h e a v a l s caused a m o n g t h e m by the revisionists. T h e y w i l l discard the h a r m f u l i l l u s i o n s s p r e a d b y the t r e a c h e r o u s K h r u s h c h e v i t e l e a d e r s h i p a n d w i l l come d o w n t o t h e b a t t l e f i e l d t o o v e r t h r o w the r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e a n d t o r a i s e a g a i n the b a n n e r o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n o v e r t h e K r e m l i n and over the w h o l e of the Soviet U n i o n . T h e great S o v i e t people w i l l f o r c e r t a i n r i s e u p o n e d a y a n d w i l l again shake their powerful shoulders. T h e

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question is that the d a y should be advanced as m u c h a s possible, t o c u t s h o r t t h e i r s u f f e r i n g s , a n d t o h e l p a l s o t h e o t h e r peoples w h o are u n d e r t h e revisionist yoke. The Soviet bolshevik revolutionaries, as they p u t i t i n t h e i r p r o g r a m m a t i c leaflet, h a v e c l e a r l y defined their r o a d : To o v e r t h r o w the bureaucratic order in the U S S R it is indispensable to have an o r g a n i z a t i o n o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , i t i s i n d i s p e n sable t o h a v e a b e d t h r o u g h w h i c h t o c h a n n e l t h e a n g e r o f t h e p e o p l e a n d the p o p u l a r s t r u g g l e . A n d f o r t h i s w e d o n o t h a v e t o s e a r c h l o n g . T h e r e lies b e f o r e us the tested r o a d t h e r o a d of the r e - s h a p i n g o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y . . . A l l those w h o a r e p r e p a r e d t o f i g h t a g a i n s t b u r e a u c r a c y , a l l those w h o d e a r l y c h e r i s h the great r e v o l u t i o n a r y v i c t o ries o f o u r p e o p l e a n d t h e cause o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n , m u s t r e s o l u t e l y t a k e this r o a d . T h e h o u r has c o m e . F r o m t h e m a n y a n d separate cells o f the CP(b) of the Soviet U n i o n and up to their merger into a powerful and invincible eruption w h i c h w i l l s w e e p a w a y the b u r e a u c r a t s , t h i s i s the r o a d t h a t the S o v i e t c o m m u n i s t s m u s t t r a v e r s e . T h e a c t i v i t i e s o f the cells o f t h e C P ( b ) o f the S U , their slogans a n d leaflets must develop into a real partisan struggle. T h e earth should b u r n beneath the feet of the b u r e a u c r a t s . T h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , the r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , t h e peoples o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d b e l i e v e t h a t the f l a m e s of revolution, the flames of bolshevism a n d prolet a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , despite the e f f o r t s o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s , h a v e n o t yet gone o u t i n t h e S o v i e t

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U n i o n . T h e y h a v e n o t o n l y t h e hope, b u t also t h e s u r e c o n v i c t i o n t h a t the S o v i e t r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , o l d a n d y o u n g , w i l l once a g a i n b l o w o n these r e v o lutionary flames to b u r n up revisionism and to give a n e w splendor to the glorious history of b o l s h e v i s m , t o t h e i m m o r t a l r e v o l u t i o n a r y cause o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n , o f those m i l l i o n s o f heroes w h o effected t h e O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n , w h o d e f e n d e d t h e i r h o m e l a n d f r o m t h e H i t l e r i t e hordes a n d w h o successfully built up socialism.

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THE DEMAGOGY OF THE SOVIET REVISIONISTS CANNOT CONCEAL THEIR TRAITOROUS COUNTENANCE

Reproduced f r o m the Zri i Popullit daily, d a t e d J a n u a r y 10, 1969

D e m a g o g y has a l w a y s been t h e f a v o r i t e w e a p o n of all traitors. That is v e r y typical of the m o d e r n revisionists, especially of the Soviet r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p . T h i s c l i q u e o f renegades, w h i l e a l w a y s advancing on the same road of treachery, has m a d e use, a c c o r d i n g t o c i r c u m s t a n c e s , o f v a r i o u s m a s k s t o c o n c e a l its r e a l c o u n t e n a n c e .

The Alleged Return to Stalin's Correct Policy the Basest Hypocrisy and the Most Desperate Maneuver of the Soviet Revisionists Khrushchevite revisionism in the Soviet U n i o n h a s u n d e r g o n e s e v e r a l stages, i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h w h i c h its f o r m s , m e t h o d s a n d tactics o f s t r u g g l e a n d a c t i o n t o c a r r y o u t i n p r a c t i c e its a n t i - M a r x i s t a n d t r a i t o r o u s c o u r s e a n d t o c a m o u f l a g e it, h a v e also changed, T h e f i r s t stage w a s t h a t o f t h e b u i l d i n g u p , maintenance a n d establishment of the betrayal, a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h a great a n d s c a n d a l o u s n o i s e a n d w i t h a sham optimism to distract the m i n d s o f t h e people. I t w a s c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y t h e f r a n t i c campaign of attacks on J. Stalin, to discredit the

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ideas o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e c a u s e o f t h e Bolshevik Party, under the fraudulent pretext of the f i g h t a g a i n s t t h e p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t a n d its consequences. B u t w h a t was the line of the Bolshevik Party, the l i n e o f S t a l i n , against w h i c h t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists h u r l e d themselves so furiously, w h a t w e r e its consequences f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e Soviet U n i o n and the international c o m m u n i s t and revolutionary movement? I n the i d e o l o g i c a l f i e l d t h e l i n e p u r s u e d b y t h e Bolshevik P a r t y led by S t a l i n was the line of the consistent defence a n d t h e c r e a t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m in a merciless fight against the e n e m i e s a n d d i s t o r t e r s o f l e n i n i s m i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d o u t s i d e i t a g a i n s t the T r o t s k y s t s , B u k h a r i n i s t s , socialdemocrats, T i t o i t e s etc., t h e l i n e o f the f i g h t against t h e p r e s s u r e a n d i n f l u e n c e s of bourgeois ideology a n d culture, for the i m p l a n t i n g a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f socialist i d e o l o g y a n d c u l ture, the l i n e o f h i g h p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t i z a n s h i p i n a l l the spheres o f s p i r i t u a l l i f e , f o r the c o m m u n i s t e d u c a t i o n o f t h e w o r k i n g people. In the political-social field it was the line of the u n c e a s i n g s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y a n d o f its l e a d i n g r o l e i n t h e w h o l e n a t i o n a l l i f e , of the strengthening a n d consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat, of the alliance of the w o r k i n g class a n d p e a s a n t r y , o f t h e f r i e n d s h i p o f the peoples o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f t h e u n i t y o f the e n t i r e S o v i e t people a r o u n d t h e P a r t y a n d t h e p o w e r of t h e Soviets, t h r o u g h a f i e r c e class

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s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t t h e o v e r t h r o w n e x p l o i t i n g classes a n d t h e i r r e m n a n t s o u t s i d e the p a r t y a n d i n s i d e i t s ranks, the line of constant strengthening of the country's defensive p o w e r in order to stand up to a n y p o s s i b l e i m p e r i a l i s t aggression. I n the e c o n o m i c f i e l d i t w a s t h e l i n e o f t h e b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m w i t h one's o w n e f f o r t s a n d a t fast rates, i n c o n d i t i o n s o f c o m p l e t e c a p i t a l i s t encirclement, and in a life and death struggle against the tide of petty-bourgeois spontaneity, the l i n e o f socialist i n d u s t r i a l i s a t i o n a n d c o l l e c t i v i s a t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r e , o f t h e constant i m p r o v e m e n t o f socialist r e l a t i o n s o f p r o d u c t i o n , o f t h e i m p e t u ous d e v e l o p m e n t o f socialist p r o d u c t i o n a n d o f t h e u n i n t e r r u p t e d g r o w t h o f t h e w e l l - b e i n g o f the w o r k i n g people. In the field of international relations it was the line of resolute opposition to imperialism, to its p o l i c y o f w a r a n d aggression, a s w e l l a s o f t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n o f c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n the i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p f o r its w e a k e n i n g a n d the s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the p o s i t i o n s o f s o c i a l i s m , the i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t l i n e o f the p o w e r f u l a n d u n r e s e r v e d s u p p o r t f o r the w o r l d revolutionary and liberation movement, the line of fraternal relations of m u t u a l support and a i d t o w a r d s the socialist c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e f r a t e r n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' parties, the l i n e o f u n c e a s i n g s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the m i l i t a n t u n i t y o f the socialist c a m p a n d o f the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t o n the basis o f the p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m and of proletarian internatio-

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nalism, in the c o m m o n struggle for the victory of t h e cause o f s o c i a l i s m t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d . A s a r e s u l t o f t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e correct revolutionary M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t line of the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y l e d b y S t a l i n , t h e socialist t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t the c o u n t r y w e r e s u c c e s s f u l l y c a r r i e d o u t w i t h i n a s h o r t p e r i o d o f t i m e , the backwardness inherited f r o m the Czarist regime was liquidated, and the Soviet U n i o n was transf o r m e d i n t o a p o w e r f u l socialist S t a t e w i t h m o d e r n i n d u s t r y , w i t h a large-scale c o l l e c t i v i z e d a g r i c u l ture, w i t h a most a d v a n c e d t e c h n o l o g y a n d s c i e n ce, w i t h a t r e m e n d o u s e c o n o m i c a n d m i l i t a r y p o t e n t i a l . T h e great h i s t o r i c v i c t o r y o v e r f a s c i s m i n the years of the Second W o r l d W a r was achieved a n d the role and importance of the Soviet country in international life grew considerably. The consolid a t i o n a n d g r o w t h o f t h e i n f l u e n c e o f the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i n the w o r l d , t h e c r e a t i o n a n d c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h e socialist c a m p a f t e r the S e c o n d W o r l d War, the general w e a k e n i n g of the positions o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i m p e r i a l i s m a n d t h e great successes i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e w o r l d p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n are due, to a c o n s i d e r a b l e e x t e n t , to t h e internationalist revolutionary line consistently implemented by J. V. Stalin. The K h r u s h c h e v i t e m o d e r n revisionists, w h o after h a v i n g taken over the leadership of the p a r t y a n d t h e state, r e l i e d o n t h e g r e a t r e s u l t s o f the S t a l i n e p o c h a n d u s e d t h e m t o s p r e a d a n d consolidate their revisionist a n d treacherous course, f r o n t a l l y a t t a c k e d a l l the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p r i n c i -

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ples w h i c h g u i d e d S t a l i n ' s p o l i c y a n d u n d e r l a y the t r e m e n d o u s s t r e n g t h o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , w h i c h they usurped and appropriated. In the ideological field the revisionists replaced the ideas a n d t h e c o n s i s t e n t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e of S t a l i n on a l l the f u n d a m e n t a l questions w i t h the ideas a n d the a n t i - M a r x i s t line of m o d e r n r e v i sionism. Opportunists and various Trotskyist, B u k h a r i n i s t a n d Z i n o v i e v i s t enemies, n a t i o n a l i s t s , a n d others, i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n w e r e p r o c l a i m e d a s v i c t i m s o f S t a l i n a n d w e r e p l a c e d o n t h e pedest a l o f m a r t y r s a n d heroes. T h e r e n e g a d e T i t o clique in Yugoslavia was rehabilitated and Titoism was proclaimed as a variant of creative M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m a n d o f s o c i a l i s m . I n v a r i o u s socialist countries condemned traitors were rehabilitated and revisionist cliques attached to K h r u s h c h e v ' s chariot w e r e brought to power. T h e y launched the slogan of u n i t y w i t h the social-democrats on a n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l s c a l e in t h e j o i n t s t r u g g l e for socialism, a n d the w a y w a s paved for the complete ideological, political a n d organisational rapprochement a n d merger of the c o m m u n i s t parties w i t h t h e s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s . T h e p r i n ciple of proletarian partizanship w a s discarded and, u n d e r the slogan of liberalisation a n d freed o m o f c r e a t i v e t h o u g h t , t h e r e v i v a l o f a l l sorts o f decadent a n d a n t i - s o c i a l i s t t r e n d s i n t h e f i e l d s o f culture, literature and arts was encouraged. In the political field K h r u s h c h e v and his group besmirched a n d discarded the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t h e o r y a n d p r a c t i c e a b o u t t h e class s t r u g g l e a n d

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t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p of the p r o l e t a r i a t , c a l l i n g it a S t a l i n i s t d i s t o r t i o n a n d p r o c l a i m i n g the w h o l e h i s t o r i c p e r i o d of S t a l i n ' s l e a d e r s h i p a d a r k , a n t i - d e m o c r a t i c p e r i o d , a p e r i o d of v i o l a t i o n s of socialist legality, of terror a n d murders, of prisons a n d c o n c e n t r a t i o n camps. T h e r o a d w a s t h u s o p e n e d f o r the l i q u i d a t i o n o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a riat a n d for its replacement w i t h the bureaucratic a n d counterrevolutionary dictatorship of the new socialist a r i s t o c r a c y w h i c h w a s b o r n a n d w a s d e v e l o p i n g , a l l this b e i n g c o v e r e d w i t h t h e d e c e p t i v e slogans o f d e m o c r a t i z a t i o n a n d o f r e s t o r a t i o n o f f r e e d o m a n d socialist j u s t i c e a l l e g e d l y lost a n d n o w regained. I n t h e e c o n o m i c f i e l d the K h r u s h c h e v i t e s d e c l a r e d a s e r r o n e o u s a n d i n c o r r e c t the S t a l i n l i n e a n d methods of development a n d management of the socialist e c o n o m y i n a l l b r a n c h e s , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h a t of agriculture, rejected Stalin's directives on f u r t h e r i m p r o v e m e n t a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f socialist relations of production in the historic period of the transition f r o m socialism to communism, and, u n d e r t h e p r e t e x t o f o v e r c o m i n g the e c o n o m i c stagn a t i o n a n d d i f f i c u l t i e s a l l e g e d l y c r e a t e d as a r e s u l t of t h e S t a l i n d o g m a t i c l i n e , u n d e r t o o k a series of reforms w h i c h paved the w a y to the g r a d u a l d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e socialist e c o n o m i c o r d e r a n d t o the uncontrolled operation of the economic laws of capitalism. In the field of international relations the Khrushchevite revisionists proclaimed as erroneous, r i g i d a n d d o g m a t i c t h e S t a l i n f o r e i g n

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policy line, the line of the b l o w for b l o w fight against i m p e r i a l i s m a n d of determined internationalist support for the revolutionary and liberation s t r u g g l e . T h e y r e p l a c e d i t w i t h t h e p e a c e f u l coexistence policy as the general line of the foreign p o l i c y o f t h e S o v i e t state. T h e y t r u m p e t t e d p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e i n a l l d i r e c t i o n s a s a great d i s c o very, as an invaluable contribution to the creative development of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , and as the b e g i n n i n g o f a n e w e p o c h i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s . E v e r y t h i n g t h e cause of r e v o l u t i o n , of t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e peoples, o f the i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d s o v e r e i g n t y o f t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s , w a s s u b j e c t e d t o t h e needs o f p e a c e f u l coexistence a n d o f peace a t a n y p r i c e w i t h i m p e r i a l i s m , e s p e c i a l l y w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m . T h i s w a s i n fact t h e l i n e o f capitulation to imperialism, of renouncing the s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t it, o f r a p p r o c h e m e n t a n d c o l l a b o ration w i t h it. T h e a n t i - S t a l i n c a m p a i g n s e r v e d the K h r u s h c h e v i t e renegades to pass o v e r to t h e second stage to t h a t of the e f f o r t s f o r t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g a n d stabilisation of the betrayal in the economy, policy a n d ideology, at home and in foreign relations. T h i s i s t h e stage o f t h e c o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e v i e w p o i n t s o f K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionism a n d of the large-scale implementation of its policy. N. K h r u s h c h e v a n d his group completely l i q u i dated the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t proletarian party, they transformed it into a w e a p o n of the revisionist counter-revolution, they replaced the Leninist norms of party building w i t h revisionist norms and,

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finally, they proclaimed it a party of the whole people. T h e y l i q u i d a t e d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d it w a s p r o c l a i m e d as a past stage, u n d e r the p r e t e x t o f t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f t h e S o v i e t S t a t e i n t o a state of t h e w h o l e people, w h i c h i s n o t h i n g else b u t a d e m o c r a t i c m a s k h i d i n g t h e c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the n e w b o u r g e o i s class r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e r e v i s i o n i s t renegades. T h e process o f r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m i n t h e e c o n o m y b e g a n o n a l a r g e scale. T h e p r o clamation of profit as the f u n d a m e n t a l criterion a n d i n c e n t i v e o f e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t , the d e c e n t r a l i s a t i o n o f s o m e v i t a l l i n k s o f the m a n a g e m e n t of t h e e c o n o m y , t h e e n c o u r a g e m e n t of tendencies towards private property, the transformation of socialist p r o p e r t y i n t o a m e a n s of e x p l o i t a t i o n of the w o r k i n g p e o p l e a n d o f e n s u r i n g l a r g e p r o f i t s o n the p a r t o f t h e l e a d i n g s e c t i o n o f t h e b u r e a u c r a t i c bourgeoisie, t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e doors t o the f r e e p e n e t r a t i o n of f o r e i g n c a p i t a l a n d , as a c o n sequence o f a l l this, t h e e v e r m o r e p o w e r f u l operation of the laws of capitalist economy, anarchy i n p r o d u c t i o n a n d c o m p e t i t i o n b e t w e e n enterprises, the considerable r e v i v a l of the black market, prof i t e e r i n g , abuses, g r a f t , etc. s u c h a r e some of t h e f u n d a m e n t a l features o f t h e b o u r g e o i s degener a t i o n o f t h e S o v i e t e c o n o m y . A l o n g s i d e this, t h e a n t i - M a r x i s t course o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o nists f l u n g open w i d e t h e d o o r s t o the i r r e s i s t i b l e p e n e t r a t i o n o f t h e decadent b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y a n d c u l t u r e , t o t h e m o r a l d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e people, a n d in the first place of the rising generation, to t h e s p r e a d i n g o f t h e w e s t e r n w a y o f life.

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I n t h e f i e l d o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s this stage w a s c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y the c o m p l e t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of t h e c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y a l l i a n c e of the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m f o r s h a r i n g t h e d o m i n a t i o n o f the w o r l d , a t the e x p e n s e o f t h e f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e o f the peoples, o f the v i t a l i n t e r e s t s of t h e socialist c o u n t r i e s , of the cause of revolution and socialism. T h e selling out of the interests of the liberation struggle of the C o n g o l e s e people, t h e b a r g a i n i n g s w i t h U.S. a n d W e s t - G e r m a n i m p e r i a l i s m t o the d e t r i m e n t o f the n a t i o n a l interests o f t h e G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e public, the treachery towards the C u b a n people i n the d a y s o f the C a r i b b e a n crisis, the j o i n t p l o t s w i t h t h e U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e I n d i a n r e a c t i o n a r i e s a g a i n s t the P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a , t h e s i g n i n g o f the i l l - f a m e d S o v i e t - U . S . - B r i t i s h t r e a t y o n the p a r t i a l prohibition of nuclear weapons tests, the sabotage of the r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e of t h e V i e t n a m e s e people against t h e U.S. aggressors, a n d o f the j u s t s t r u g g l e o f the A r a b people a g a i n s t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t - I s r a e l aggression, etc. a l l these, a n d o t h e r acts, are l i n k s o f the l o n g c h a i n o f the c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r y a l l i a n c e o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m . I n this p e r i o d , w h e n K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m w a s still on the rise a n d h a d somewhat strong p o s i t i o n s , i t d i d n o t hesitate i n m a n y cases t o t a k e o f f its m a s k , t o o p e n l y e x p r e s s its v i e w p o i n t s , t r y i n g to place them on a Marxist-Leninist theoretical foundation a n d to justify t h e m w i t h the new c o n d i t i o n s . I t w a s p r e c i s e l y i n this p e r i o d

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that the e n t i r e r e v i s i o n i s t chorus, u n d e r t h e a b s o lute direction of the conductor's baton K h r u s h chev's, w a s l o u d l y s i n g i n g o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s tence, p e a c e f u l c o m p e t i t i o n , t h e p e a c e f u l r o a d , o f the S t a t e a n d p a r t y o f the w h o l e people, o f t h e w o r l d without weapons, w i t h o u t armies and w i t h out wars, w h e n they were openly s a y i n g that i m p e r i a l i s m a n d its c h i e f s h a v e b e c o m e sensible a n d p e a c e - l o v i n g , t h a t t h e f a t e o f the peoples w i l l b e decided b y U . N . r e s o l u t i o n , t h a t t h e S o v i e t U . S . a l l i a n c e w a s t h e greatest g u a r a n t e e o f w o r l d peace, etc., etc. A l l this counter-revolutionary line and t h e a n t i - M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t v i e w p o i n t s o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s w e r e consecrated i n the d e c i sions o f the 22nd C o n g r e s s o f the C P S U , e s p e c i a l l y i n the p r o g r a m o f t h e C P S U a d o p t e d a t t h i s c o n gress, w h i c h , d u e t o t h e d o m i n a t i n g p o s i t i o n o f t h e Soviet leadership in the revisionist camp, b e c a m e the m a i n code o f the t r e n d o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l m o d e r n revisionism. A t t h i s i l l - f a m e d congress w e r e r e p e a t e d o p e n l y and publicly n o w the monstrous attacks and c a l u m nies a g a i n s t S t a l i n . T h i s s h o w e d , i n t h e f i r s t p l a c e , t h a t the feelings o f s y m p a t h y t o w a r d s J . S t a l i n h a d remained alive among the Soviet people and this greatly w o r r i e d the K h r u s h c h e v i t e leading clique; i n the second place, t h a t t h i s c l i q u e w a s o b s t i n a t e l y a d v a n c i n g o n its a n t i - M a r x i s t r o a d , a n d i n the t h i r d place, t h a t i t n e e d e d t h e b o g y o f S t a l i n i s m i n o r d e r t o defeat the e v e r m o r e r e s o l u t e r e s i s t a n c e

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w h i c h w a s r i s i n g i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a g a i n s t its t r e a c h e r o u s l i n e . B u t t h e l o g i c o f t r e a c h e r y i s s u c h t h a t the m o r e d e e p l y t h e y s u b m e r g e i n the bog, t h e m o r e i t suffocates t h e m . R e v i s i o n i s m w a s b o r n a s a r e t r o g r e s s i v e t r e n d t o save c a p i t a l i s m f r o m its g e n e r a l crisis. B u t i n this r o l e it, i t s e l f e n t e r e d a d e e p a n d g e n e r a l crisis f r o m w h i c h n o t h i n g c a n save it. T h e s i t u a t i o n f o r the h e a d o f r e v i s i o n i s m , f o r t h e S o v i e t r u l i n g c l i q u e has become e s p e c i a l l y g r a v e . T h e struggle of the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties a n d forces, a n d l i f e itself, w h i c h i s t h e best j u d g e o f e v e r y p o l i c y , rejected t h e l i n e a n d theories o f the Soviet revisionist leadership, exposed their anti-Marxist and c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y essence. D i f f i c u l t d a y s h a v e c o m e f o r the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s . K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m has e n t e r e d t h e third stage, w h i c h is the stage of its decline, of i t s deep a n d g e n e r a l crisis, t h e stage w h e n t r e a c h e r y develops but yields bitter fruits and brings d e f e a t s to the r e v i s i o n i s t s . T h e e f f o r t s o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p t o i m p o s e its r e v i s i o n i s t course a n d its c h a u v i n i s t d i c t a t e o n the w h o l e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m munist movement failed ignominiously. At a rapid r a t e t h e g r e a t a n d i r r e s i s t i b l e process o f d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n i n the c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i n v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s a n d o n a w o r l d scale has d e v e l o p e d . T h e p r i n c i p l e d a n d d e t e r m i n e d a t t i t u d e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of C h i n a and of the P a r t y of Labor of A l b a n i a i n defence o f t h e i m m o r t a l p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a n d t h e i r consistent f i g h t a g a i n s t

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the treachery of Soviet revisionism played the m a i n r o l e i n t h i s i m p o r t a n t h i s t o r i c process. W i t h i n a f e w y e a r s tens of n e w M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s and organisations were created w h i c h raised h i g h the banner of the struggle against modern revisionism and have taken in their hands the cause o f r e v o l u t i o n . T h i s i s a h e a v y a n d i r r e p a r a b l e defeat w i t h l e t h a l consequence t o the r e v i sionist renegades i n a l l c o u n t r i e s . T h e e v e r deeper e n g a g e m e n t o f t h e K h r u s h chevite revisionists on the c r i m i n a l road of capitalist r e s t o r a t i o n i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f c o u n t e r revolutionary alliances w i t h imperialism, of subvers i o n a n d d i v i s i o n o f the w o r l d c o m m u n i s t a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t , t h e i r successive defeats i n t h e i r d o m e s t i c a n d f o r e i g n policies, a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h serious economic and political difficulties a l l t h i s has t h r o w n the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p i n t o a deep, irreconcilable, a n d e v e r f i e r c e r c o n t r a d i c t i o n w i t h the S o v i e t people a n d w i t h t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y peoples o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d . T h e contradictions of the Soviet revisionist l e a d e r s h i p w i t h the o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p i n g s h a v e g r e a t l y s h a r p e n e d a n d these i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h the special interests of their n a t i o n a l b o u r geoisie w h o s e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t h e y are, are d e m a n d i n g f a s t e r rates o f d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e socialist order into an order of bourgeois democracy and greater independence a n d freedom of action f r o m M o s c o w . T h e d o m i n a t i n g p o s i t i o n s o f the K h r u s h chevite clique of the Soviet U n i o n in the r e v i s i o n ist camp are w e a k e n i n g a n d being smashed w i t h

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e v e r y p a s s i n g d a y . T h e clearest t e s t i m o n y t o t h i s is the rebellion of the Czechoslovak and other revisionists against the dictate of the Soviet leadership a n d the repeated discrediting failures of the latter in its efforts to organise an international meeting of the revisionist communist and w o r k e r s parties. T h e p o s i t i o n s o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t cliques i n p o w e r , especially the Soviet clique, have been shattered to their foundations. No longer are they in a position t o c o n c e a l t h e deep splits a n d t h e s t r u g g l e f o r p o w e r w h i c h is t a k i n g place ever m o r e fiercely in their fold. The failure and inglorious overthrow of t h e i n s p i r e r a n d h e a d o f the S o v i e t m o d e r n r e v i sionists, N . K h r u s h c h e v , w e r e t h e m o s t o b v i o u s e x p r e s s i o n o f t h e deep crisis a n d o f r e v i s i o n i s t instability. K h r u s h c h e v ' s successors w e r e o b l i g e d t o c h a n g e tactics. T h e y d i s c a r d e d i n t o o b l i v i o n t h e n o i s y s l o gans and preachings of N. K h r u s h c h e v and decided t o pass f r o m w o r d s t o deeds. I f t h e m e r i t o f t h e w o r k i n g o u t o f the g e n e r a l l i n e o f m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m b e l o n g s t o N . K h r u s h c h e v , t o h i s successors, t h e B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n c l i q u e , b e l o n g s t h e merit of the f u l l implementation of this counterrevolutionary line. B u t t h e cautious tactics o f t h e B r e z h n e v Kosygin clique were incapable of lifting K h r u s h chevite r e v i s i o n i s m f r o m the swamps into w h i c h it has submerged. T h e i r o n laws of history irresist i b l y blaze their trail, deepening f r o m day to day

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the crisis a n d d i f f i c u l t i e s o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t r e n e gades. I n face o f the i r r e p a r a b l e defeats, b o t h a t h o m e a n d a b r o a d , i n face o f t h e resistance a n d r e v o l u tionary struggle being waged against them f r o m outside a n d inside by the Soviet people and r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , b y the P a r t y o f L a b o u r o f A l b a n i a , the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a n d t h e M a r x i s t L e n i n i s t r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d , t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e s t r i v i n g t o save t h e i r d o m i n a t i o n b y e s t a b l i s h i n g a m i l i t a r y fascist d i c tatorship. This they need to quell the revolt of t h e w o r k i n g masses, o f t h e S o v i e t people, a n d every activity of the revolutionary M a r x i s t - L e n i nists, t o c u r b the d i s c r e d i t i n g actions o f the i m p a tient liberal revisionists at home, to hold u n d e r c o n t r o l the r e v i s i o n i s t cliques o f the o t h e r c o u n tries, a n d t o r e - e s t a b l i s h the S o v i e t d i c t a t e o n t h e i r revisionist partners. T h i s p o l i c y f o u n d its m o s t f l a g r a n t e x p r e s s i o n i n the a g g r e s s i o n o f t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d t h e i r satellites against t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k p e o p l e . T h i s a g r e s s i o n e n t i r e l y t o r e off the m a s k o f t h e K r e m l i n clique. T h e m e t h o d s used, b e g i n n i n g w i t h the pressures, b l a c k m a i l , the J u d a s kisses i n C e r n a a n d T i s u , a n d B r a t i s l a v a , a n d e n d i n g w i t h the s u r prise attack, i n the d a r k n e s s o f the n i g h t , w i t h o u t a n y g r o u n d w h a t s o e v e r , be it e v e n as a m a t t e r of f o r m , that c o u l d j u s t i f y the b r u t a l i n t e r v e n t i o n w i t h arms, gives this i n t e r f e r e n c e its t r u e m e a n i n g an i m p e r i a l i s t , fascist aggression.

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T h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e aggressive, i m p e r i a l i s t , f a s c i s t tendencies o f t h e d o m e s t i c a n d f o r e i g n policies of the revisionist Soviet U n i o n , w h i c h is an expression not of the strength, but of the w e a k ness o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e l e a d e r s h i p , d e m a n d s its ideological foundation. The ideological servants of r e v i s i o n i s m a r e n o w m e e t i n g t h i s need. F o r t h i s p u r p o s e , t h e r e h a v e b e e n p u b l i s h e d o f l a t e i n the S o v i e t press a series of s o - c a l l e d t h e o r e t i c a l a r t i cles, f u l l o f p s e u d o - r e v o l u t i o n a r y d e m a g o g y , w h i c h a r e a i m e d at c r e a t i n g a s m o k e s c r e e n so t h a t t h e p e o p l e s h o u l d n o t see w h a t i s i n r e a l i t y h i d d e n b e h i n d it. It is a q u e s t i o n of d r e s s i n g t h e r e v i s i o n i s t t r e a c h e r y w i t h n e w c l o a k s a t these v e r y c r i t i c a l m o m e n t s w h i c h the K h r u s h c h e v i t e leadership of the Soviet U n i o n is living. A b o v e all, they are s t r i v i n g t o j u s t i f y t h e c o m p l e t e passage o f t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e t o the fascist d i c t a t o r s h i p a n d m e t h o d s a n d t o c o n c e a l i t b y the a l l e g e d r e t u r n t o S t a l i n a n d t o his M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e . To attack S t a l i n w i t h the most rabid savagery f o r h i s correct, r e v o l u t i o n a r y , M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p o l i c y i n a l l t h e fields, a s t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t renegades d i d , a n d n o w , faced w i t h t h e i r f u l l defeat i n a l l d i r e c t i o n s ; t o t r y t o h i d e b e h i n d S t a l i n ' s name, claiming, at times directly a n d at times indirectly, that the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists a r e a l l e g e d l y r e t u r n i n g t o t h e correct S t a l i n p o l i c y , i s o u t - a n d - o u t d e c e p t i o n , t h e m o s t shameless h y p o c r i s y , t h e basest a n d m o s t desperate d e m a g o g y o n t h e part of the Soviet revisionists. I t i s t h e d u t y o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s s q u a r e l y

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to expose this d e c e p t i v e a t t e m p t of the S o v i e t r e visionists and to wrest this dangerous weapon f r o m their hands.

The Establishment of the Fascist Military Dictatorship Under the Disguise of Safeguarding the Idea of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat O n e o f the d e m a g o g i c a l m a n o e u v r e s o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e t o j u s t i f y its t r a n s i t i o n t o t h e fascist d i c t a t o r s h i p , i s t h e n o i s e w h i c h i t i s m a k i n g i n these recent times a l l e g e d l y i n defence o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t e a c h i n g a b o u t the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the proletariat, although, as is k n o w n , it is precisely t h e S o v i e t l e a d i n g c l i q u e itself t h a t has d e s t r o y e d the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d has s l u n g the d i r t i e s t m u d a t it, p r e s e n t i n g it as a savage, b a r b a r o u s , i n h u m a n d i c t a t o r s h i p w h i c h has done n o t h i n g b u t c o m m i t c r i m e s a g a i n s t the w o r k i n g class a n d the l a b o r i n g people. T h e y w h o come o u t t o d a y w i t h t h e b a n n e r o f t h e defence of the d i c t a t o r s h i p of the p r o l e t a r i a t a r e p r e c i s e l y those t h a t h a v e p r o c l a i m e d i t a s l i q u i d a t e d i n the S o v i e t U n i o n u n d e r the p r e t e x t o f t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of t h e S o v i e t S t a t e i n t o a S t a t e o f t h e e n t i r e people. T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e n o w s t r i v i n g t o create the i l l u s i o n t h a t t h e s o c a l l e d S t a t e o f t h e e n t i r e people i s a l l e g e d l y the d i r e c t c o n t i n u a t i o n of the S t a t e of the d i c t a t o r s h i p of t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . T h i s i l l u s i o n c a n deceive o n l y t h e n a i v e , because there i s n o t h i n g a n d t h e r e can b e

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nothing, in c o m m o n between the revolutionary d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d the state o f the e n t i r e people. T h e latter, i n r e a l i t y , i s the c o m plete n e g a t i o n o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , its t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n t o s o m e t h i n g e n t i r e l y opposite i n t o a c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p of t h e n e w revisionist bourgeoisie. The c o n t i n u a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e state o f t h e e n t i r e people, the scribblers of the M o s c o w Pravda write, i s c l e a r l y seen i n t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t h e l e a d i n g r o l e o f t h e w o r k i n g class. B u t h o w does t h e w o r k i n g class p l a y t h i s r o l e w h e n t h e s o c i a l i s t state a n d the communist party, as the revisionists claim, h a v e lost t h e i r p r o l e t a r i a n class c h a r a c t e r a n d h a v e b e c o m e a state a n d p a r t y of t h e e n t i r e people? It is obvious that we are faced here w i t h a v e r y clumsy a n d b a n a l deception. In reality, the w o r k i n g class i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n has n o t b e e n i n p o w e r f o r a l o n g t i m e . It is n o w a class w h i c h is b e i n g oppressed a n d exploited, being corrupted and exp o s e d to d e g e n e r a t i o n . It is t r a n s f o r m e d f r o m a l e a d i n g f o r c e i n t o a m e r e p r o d u c t i v e force, f r o m a p o l i t i c a l f o r c e i n t o a n e c o n o m i c a p p e n d a g e . I n fact, i t i s the n e w b o u r g e o i s class t h a t i s r u l i n g a n d l e a d i n g n o w i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , t h e class t h a t has e s t a b l i s h e d its s a v a g e d i c t a t o r s h i p o v e r t h e S o v i e t w o r k i n g class a n d t h e S o v i e t people. T h e Soviet K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists, w h o are t o d a y p l a y i n g w i t h slogans o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t , are p r e c i s e l y those t h a t h a v e d e f e n d e d a n d p r o p a g a n d i z e d , w i t h a great noise, t h e

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r e v i s i o n i s t theses w h i c h a d v o c a t e t h e s u p r a class c h a r a c t e r o f the p r e s e n t d a y c a p i t a l i s t state, a n d its use as a m e a n s f o r t r a n s i t i o n to s o c i a l i s m , w h o d e n y t h e n e c e s s i t y o f s m a s h i n g the b o u r g e o i s state m a c h i n e a s a n i n d i s p e n s a b l e c o n d i t i o n f o r t h e est a b l i s h m e n t of the d i c t a t o r s h i p of the p r o l e t a r i a t , w h o d e n y the l e a d i n g r o l e o f t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t y i n the s y s t e m o f the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t w i t h o u t w h i c h the l a t t e r c a n n o t e x i s t , etc. T h e f a l s i t y o f the w h o l e d e m a g o g i c a l noise o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s , a l l e g e d l y i n defense o f t h e i d e a o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t , i s q u i t e o b v i o u s also i n t h e fact that, a s p r e v i o u s l y , i n d e e d w i t h a still greater intensity, they continue to a t t a c k the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a a n d t h e Communist Party of China for their f i r m loyalty t o w a r d s the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t . J u s t a s a t t h e t i m e o f the f r a n t i c c a m p a i g n against S t a l i n and his work, they furiously attack the dictatorship of the proletariat in C h i n a and A l b a n i a calling it a b u r e a u c r a t i c - m i l i t a r y r e g i m e , s t r a n g l e r of f r e e d o m a n d socialist d e m o c r a c y , etc. T h e y e s p e c i a l l y a t t a c k the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t thesis o f o u r p a r t i e s that the dictatorship of the proletariat is i n d i s p e n s a b l e t i l l the v i c t o r y o f c o m m u n i s m o n a w o r l d scale, because d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d the class s t r u g g l e continues at home a n d in the international arena. T h e r e c o n t i n u e s t h e s t r u g g l e b e t w e e n t h e t w o roads socialist a n d capitalist, a thesis w h i c h has b e e n f u l l y confirmed b y revolutionary practice. T h e m o s t c o n v i n c i n g p r o o f o f t h e correctness o f t h i s thesis i s t h e v e r y fact o f the r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t e r -

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revolution and of restoration of capitalism in the Soviet U n i o n n e a r l y 40 years after the t r i u m p h of the October Socialist Revolution. It most clearly follows f r o m a l l this that in the a c t i v i t y o f t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e s w e are b y n o m e a n s faced w i t h a denial of the previous revisionist theses a n d w i t h a r e t u r n t o t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t positions on the dictatorship of the proletariat, but w i t h a deceptive attempt to m a s k w i t h revolutionary slogans w h a t is h a p p e n i n g in reality in the Soviet U n i o n the f u l l transition to the m e t h o d s o f fascist m i l i t a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p . T h e d r e s s i n g u p o f f a s c i s m w i t h socialist a n d r e v o l u t i o nary phraseology is by no means new. These tactics w e r e u s e d b y H i t l e r i n G e r m a n y a n d M u s s o l i n i in Italy, in their time. T h e c o e r c i v e measures, t h e calls f o r t h e s t r e n g thening of the ideological struggle, of discipline, u n i t y , etc., a r e m e a s u r e s s e r v i n g t h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n of the fascist dictatorship of the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e visionist clique. In reality, the coercive measures a r e actions o f t h e fascist d i c t a t o r s h i p f o r the s u p pression of a l l revolutionary activity of the Soviet people and of the genuine bolsheviks. T h e intensification of the ideological struggle is in reality the intensification of the fight against a l l t r u l y r e v o l u t i o n a r y thought. T h e discipline demanded by the S o v i e t l e a d e r s i s the d i s c i p l i n e o f t h e b l a c k h u n dreds, t o b r i d l e e v e r y one w h o rises a g a i n s t the r e v i s i o n i s t t r e a c h e r y . T h e u n i t y a b o u t w h i c h the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s speak, is a u n i t y on revisionist foundations, around the revisionist

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party a n d for the counter-revolutionary purposes of the revisionists. T h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p i s t r y i n g t o create t h e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t its measures a r e m a i n l y d i r e c t e d against t h e l i b e r a l e x t r e m i s t s w h o , o f late, espec i a l l y after the e v e n t s i n Czechoslovakia and P o l a n d , h a v e b e c o m e s t i l l m o r e active. A l t h o u g h the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t leaders a n d t h e e x t r e m i s t l i b e r a l e l e m e n t s are e s s e n t i a l l y a d v a n c i n g o n t h e s a m e a n t i - M a r x i s t a n d t r e a c h e r o u s r o a d , the a c t i v i t y o f these elements i s u n d e s i r a b l e f o r t h e r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p . I t fears a n o t h e r c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n w i t h i n c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , i t does n o t w i s h t o s u f f e r t h e f a t e o f N . K h r u s h c h e v o r o f the N o v o t n y c l i q u e . B u t w h a t w o r r i e s the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p m o s t i s t h e fact t h a t the f r e n z i e d a n d u n w i s e a c t i v i t y o f these elements o p e n l y discloses the t r i c k e r y o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s , causes t h e i r d e m a g o g y t o f a i l , o p e n l y reveals treachery, and this cannot help opening the eyes to t h e S o v i e t people, it c a n n o t h e l p i n t e n s i f y i n g t h e i r resistance a n d s t r u g g l e t o sweep a w a y w i t h t h e great b r o o m o f r e v o l u t i o n b o t h the l i b e r a l r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d t h e conservatives, b o t h t h e u l t r a s a n d t h e moderates. Therefore, it is precisely against this r e v o l u t i o n t h a t a l l the measures, a n d t h e fascist d i c t a t o r ship of the Soviet revisionist leadership, are directed. B u t however h a r d it m a y t r y to strangle this revolution t h r o u g h repressive measures a n d deception, the revolution is irrevocable. T h e Soviet people w i l l not tolerate the revisionists treachery for long. I n t h e e n d t h e y w i l l h a v e t h e f i n a l say.

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Complete Degeneration of the C P S U Under the Call F o r the Defense of the Party Principles In order to realise their counterrevolutionary a i m s , a l l t h e class e n e m i e s h a v e a l w a y s d i r e c t e d their m a i n attack against the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t rev o l u t i o n a r y p a r t y w h i c h i s t h e b r a i n and h e a r t o f t h e w o r k i n g class. T h i s i s h o w t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , too, b e g a n t h e i r t r e a c h e r y . A n d n o w , i t i s p r e c i s e l y t h e y w h o h a v e t r a n s f o r m e d the great Bolshevik P a r t y of L e n i n a n d S t a l i n into a revisionist, counterrevolutionary, and anti-commun i s t p a r t y , w h o h a v e p a v e d t h e w a y t o the r e v i sionist and bourgeois degeneration of m a n y c o m munist and workers' parties of other countries, precisely they are today coming out allegedly in d e f e n c e o f the teachings of Marxism-Leninism a b o u t t h e p a r t y a n d a r e c r i t i c i z i n g those t h a t a r e v i o l a t i n g these p r i n c i p l e s . S e e k i n g j u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r t h e i r fascist a g g r e s s i o n i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a t h e y accuse the Czechoslovak revisionists in particular o f h a v i n g l a u n c h e d a f r a n t i c c a m p a i g n against t h e h e a l t h y cadres o f t h e p a r t y , w h o m a k e u p its f u n d o f gold, o f h a v i n g r i s e n a g a i n s t t h e l e a d i n g r o l e o f the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y , o f h a v i n g a d v o c a t e d the m u l t i p l i c i t y o f p o l i t i c a l parties, o f h a v i n g sought to m a k e t h e p a r t y a c u l t u r a l - i l l u m i n i s t or i d e o - p r e a c h i n g o r g a n i s a t i o n , o f h a v i n g stood f o r t h e s o c a l l e d e q u a l p a r t n e r s h i p o f a l l the s o c i a l o r ganisations w i t h the communist party, of having a t t a c k e d the L e n i n i s t n o r m s o f i n n e r p a r t y life, etc.

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O n the l i p s o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t renegades s u c h accusations r e s o u n d a s a l l - o u t h y p o c r i s y , w i t h an unprecedented cynicism, for it is precisely they themselves a n d t h e i r allies w h o , a s before, a r e s t i l l a d v o c a t i n g , d e f e n d i n g a n d c o m m i t t i n g these crimes in their o w n parties. T h e P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a h a s l o n g since, a n d m o r e t h a n once, p o i n t e d o u t the c o m p l e t e b e t r a y a l o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s o f t h e teachings o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a b o u t t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y . B u t i n o r d e r t o e x p o s e the d e e p - g o i n g d e m a g o g y o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s t h a t t h e y a r e a l l e g e d l y r e t u r n i n g t o the positions o f t h e defense o f these teachings, t o the i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e L e n i n i s t n o r m s o f the p a r t y , i t i s necessary t h a t w e s h o u l d once m o r e d w e l l o n some w e l l k n o w n facts. If the Dubcek counterrevolutionaries attacked a n d p u r g e d the S o v i e t a g e n c y t h e N o v o t n y c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s w h o m the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p c a l l the P a r t y ' s f u n d o f gold, the K h r u s h c h e vite counter-revolutionary clique of the Soviet U n i o n i n its o w n c o u n t r y a t t a c k e d a n d p u r g e d t h e r e a l r e v o l u t i o n a r y cadres w h o w e r e r e m a i n i n g t r u e t o the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e o f t h e B o l s h e v i k P a r t y a n d t o the ideals o f s o c i a l i s m . U n d e r t h e s l o g a n o f the f i g h t against S t a l i n ' s p e r s o n a l i t y c u l t , o r u n d e r the p r e t e x t o f r o t a t i o n , the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists rode roughshod over the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . S e v e n t y p e r cent o f the m e m b e r s o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e elected a t the 19th C o n g r e s s o f the C P S U i n 1952 w e r e n o l o n g e r f i g u r i n g o n the list o f the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e

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m e m b e r s e l e c t e d a t the 22nd C o n g r e s s i n 1961. S i x t y p e r cent o f t h e C C m e m b e r s w h o w e r e elected a t t h e 20th C o n g r e s s i n 1956 w e r e n o l o n g e r f i g u r i n g o n t h e l i s t o f the C C m e m b e r s t h a t w e r e elected at t h e 23rd C o n g r e s s in 1966. A s t i l l g r e a t e r p u r g e has b e e n c a r r i e d out i n the l o w e r p a r t y o r gans. F o r i n s t a n c e , d u r i n g 1963 alone, m o r e t h a n 50 p e r cent of the m e m b e r s of the p a r t y c e n t r a l a n d r e g i o n a l c o m m i t t e e s i n the R e p u b l i c s o f the Soviet U n i o n were relieved of their functions, w h i l e i n the c i t y a n d d i s t r i c t p a r t y committees three quarters of their members were replaced w i t h o t h e r s . T h e p u r g e o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y cadres has been c a r r i e d o u t o n a l a r g e scale also i n the S t a t e organs, a n d e s p e c i a l l y i n those o f the a r m y a n d S t a t e security. A s t o the q u e s t i o n o f t h e l e a d i n g r o l e o f the c o m m u n i s t p a r t y , o f t h e d e n i a l o f w h i c h the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p accuses t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v i s i o n i s t s , t h i s r o l e has l o n g since b e e n l i q u i d a t e d i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n itself. O f w h a t l e a d i n g r o l e o f t h e w o r k i n g class r e v o l u t i o n a r y p a r t y i n the S o v i e t U n i o n c a n w e s p e a k w h e n the Khrushchevite revisionists h a v e d i s c a r d e d the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e a n d the p r o l e t a r i a n class c h a r a c t e r o f t h e C P S U ? T h e y h a v e forced upon it a treacherous revisionist line in the service of the n e w Soviet bourgeoisie and of w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s m , h e a d e d b y t h e U n i t e d States, a n d h a v e t r a n s f o r m e d i t i n t o a p a r t y o f the e n t i r e p e o p l e ! T h e p a r t y o f t h e e n t i r e people s l o g a n is e s s e n t i a l l y a d e n i a l of t h e class c h a r a c t e r in

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general, because t h e r e are n o t a n d t h e r e c a n n e v e r b e n o n - c l a s s a n d above-class parties. B u t d e n i a l o f its p r o l e t a r i a n class c h a r a c t e r , is a l a b e l to c o n c e a l its t r a n s f o r m a t i o n f r o m a r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r o l e t a r i a n Marxist-Leninist party into a counterrevolutionary bourgeois r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y . O f w h a t n o r m s can the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s speak w h e n t h e y h a v e l o n g since b u r i e d these norms in their own party, w h e n they have transformed them from Marxist-Leninist norms into revisionist norms w h i c h serve their c o u n t e r r e v o l u tionary aims a n d line. T h e Soviet revisionists speak of democratic centralism, but in reality theirs is b u r e a u c r a t i c c e n t r a l i s m ; t h e y speak o f b o l s h e v i k criticism and self-criticism, but in reality they are h y p o c r i t i c a l ; t h e y speak o f conscious p a r t y d i s c i pline, b u t i n r e a l i t y i t i s a fascist d i s c i p l i n e ; t h e y speak o f p r o l e t a r i a n m o r a l i t y , b u t i n r e a l i t y i t i s a b o u r g e o i s m o r a l i t y ; t h e y speak of f r e e d o m of thought, b u t e v e r y free e x p r e s s i o n o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t h o u g h t leads one t o j a i l , t o committal to mental hospital or concentration c a m p . I r r e s p e c t i v e o f t h e disguises, the p r e s e n t d a y n o r m s i n t h e C P S U are a n t i - L e n i n i s t , b o u r g e o i s , r e a c t i o n a r y , fascist n o r m s . I t w a s p r e c i s e l y t h e r e v i s i o n i s t course o f t h e 20th C o n g r e s s o f t h e C P S U t h a t p a v e d t h e w a y , not o n l y f o r the d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h i s p a r t y i t s e l f , but also f o r the d e g e n e r a t i o n of a n u m b e r of o t h e r c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s p a r t i e s i n socialist a n d capitalist countries. It w a s p r e c i s e l y this c o u n t e r -

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r e v o l u t i o n a r y course t h a t i n s p i r e d a n d e n c o u r a g e d t h e s p r e a d i n g o f a l l sorts o f a n t i - M a r x i s t v i e w p o i n t s o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s i n v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s a b o u t t h e t r a n s i t i o n t o s o c i a l i s m u n d e r the l e a d e r s h i p o f n o n - p r o l e t a r i a n parties, w h i c h i n d e e d d o n o t e v e n c a l l t h e m s e l v e s socialist, a b o u t u n i t y w i t h the s o c i a l - d e m o c r a t i c renegades t h r o u g h t o c o m plete o r g a n i s a t i o n a l m e r g e r w i t h t h e m i n t o a soc a l l e d u n i t e d w o r k i n g class p a r t y , a b o u t t h e l i q u i dation of the communist parties and their merging i n t o f r o n t s l e d b y the b o u r g e o i s i e , etc. A s a r e s u l t o f this r e v i s i o n i s t line, t h e c o m m u n i s t p a r t i e s i n m a n y capitalist countries in reality no longer exist as such; they have been transformed into a n e w variant of the o l d discredited social-democracy, t h e y h a v e a b a n d o n e d a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r y ideals a n d a r e c o l l a b o r a t i n g w i t h the b o u r g e o i s i e f o r the d e f e n c e o f the c a p i t a l i s t order. W h i l e i n the f o r m e r soc i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s t h e y h a v e been t r a n s f o r m e d f r o m w o r k i n g class p a r t i e s f o r t h e b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m i n t o p a r t i e s o f the n e w b o u r g e o i s i e f o r t h e c o m plete r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m . P l u r a l i s m , t h e m a n y p a r t y system, against w h i c h the Soviet revisionists are m a k i n g a noise t o d a y , exists n o t o n l y i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , b u t a l s o in m a n y other revisionist countries, and signs are appearing everywhere of the r e v i v a l and political a n d o r g a n i s a t i o n a l a c t i v a t i o n o f other p a r t i e s t o o b t a i n l e a d i n g a n d r u l i n g p o s i t i o n s i n t h e socialist state, w h i c h i s e v e r m o r e a s s u m i n g the f e a t u r e s of a b o u r g e o i s state. T h e s e v i e w p o i n t s are b e i n g n o i s i l y d e f e n d e d a n d p r o p a g a n d i z e d also b y m a n y

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other revisionists in capitalist countries, especially in Italy and France, w h o are b r i n g i n g pressure to b e a r u p o n t h e i r colleagues i n the f o r m e r socialist c o u n t r i e s to a d v a n c e as q u i c k l y as possible on t h i s r o a d , to a d a p t socialist d e m o c r a c y as f a r as p o s sible to b o u r g e o i s d e m o c r a c y . W h y t h e n does t h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p p r e c i s e l y n o w s h o w itself s o w o r r i e d a b o u t t h e q u e s t i o n o f the l e a d i n g r o l e o f t h e p a r t y a n d c o m e o u t f o r c e f u l l y against p l u r a l i s m ? T h e y do this not o n l y to f i n d a d d i t i o n a l j u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r the l e g a l i s a t i o n o f their aggression in Czechoslovakia. T h e r e are other deep reasons. T h e B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n c l i q u e i s v e r y m u c h w o r r i e d a b o u t t h e defence o f its d o m i n a t i n g p o s i t i o n f r o m the g r e a t d a n g e r s t h r e a t e n i n g i t both inside a n d outside the party. T h e r e is not and t h e r e c a n b e n o u n i t y i n the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y . Revisionism is certain division. In the Soviet U n i o n as w e l l as in any other revisionist country, there exists the f a c t i o n a l s t r u g g l e f o r p o w e r b e t w e e n the r e v i s i o n i s t g r o u p s a n d trends, a s i s c l e a r l y c o n f i r m e d by N. K h r u s h c h e v ' s o v e r t h r o w and the o t h e r changes i n the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p . T h i s d i s i n t e g r a t i o n process w i l l i r r e v o c a b l y deepen. T h e course o f c a p i t a l i s t r e s t o r a t i o n i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n c a n n o t b u t l e a d t o the r e v i v a l o f the v a r i o u s b o u r geois a n d n a t i o n a l i s t g r o u p s . T h i s p r e p a r e s t h e o b j e c t i v e c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e b i r t h , sooner o r l a t e r , also o f the b o u r g e o i s m a n y p a r t y s y s t e m . T h e B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n revisionist clique, w i t h a v i e w t o p r e s e r v i n g its d o m i n a t i n g p o s i t i o n , i s t r y i n g a n d w i l l t r y w i t h a l l its m i g h t w i t h o u t h e s i t a t i n g t o use

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e v e n m e a n s o f v i o l e n c e , t o c u r b this process. F o r this purpose, it is t r y i n g and it w i l l try, to exploit the t r a d i t i o n of t h e existence of a single p a r t y a n d o f t h e f i g h t o f the B o l s h e v i k s against the factionists and deviators. The Soviet leading clique is opposed to t h e d i s i n t e g r a t i o n of the s i n g l e p a r t y also because o f the p o s i t i o n o f the S o v i e t U n i o n as a g r e a t m u l t i - n a t i o n a l State, f o r this w o u l d l e a d to an internal national division, consequently also t o the u n d e r m i n i n g o f the r o l e o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t S o v i e t U n i o n on the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a as a g r e a t imperialist power. B u t a b o v e a l l , the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s a r e s t r i v i n g t o e x p l o i t the B o l s h e v i k single p a r t y t r a d i t i o n , w i t h w h i c h the S o v i e t c o m m u n i s t s a n d t h e S o v i e t people h a v e b e e n m o u l d e d , t o k e e p t h e m a t t a c h e d t o the C P S U i n w h i c h t h e r e r e m a i n s n o t h i n g c o m m u n i s t . T h e y are s t r i v i n g t o e x p l o i t t h i s t r a d i t i o n i n o r d e r t o p r e v e n t the o r g a n i s a t i o n o f the S o v i e t r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s a n d the c r e a t i o n of a n e w M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t y i n the S o v i e t U n i o n . D e s p i t e the fact t h a t not a l l the c o m m u n i s t s a n d the w o r k i n g class i n the S o v i e t U n i o n see t h a t t h e p r e s e n t - d a y C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f the S o v i e t U n i o n has n o t h i n g i n c o m m o n w i t h the B o l s h e v i k P a r t y o f L e n i n - S t a l i n , b o l s h e v i s m i s a l w a y s a l i v e i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d the S o v i e t B o l s h e v i k r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s w i l l n o t b e d e f e a t e d i n the face o f t h e t r a g e d y w h i c h the l a n d o f the S o v i e t s i s l i v i n g , b u t t h e y w i l l restore the great t r a d i t i o n s o f O c tober R e v o l u t i o n , o f the h e r o i c t i m e s o f L e n i n a n d S t a l i n . A n d the o n l y r o a d t o this i s the r e -

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creation of the Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist r e v o l u t i o n a r y p a r t y , t h a t m u s t t a k e i n its h a n d s t h e b a n n e r o f the s t r u g g l e f o r the o v e r t h r o w o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e a n d the r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , t o t u r n the S o v i e t U n i o n back t o the r o a d o f c o m m u n i s m .

The Revisionists Against Revisionism R e v i s i o n i s m , as a b o u r g e o i s - i d e o l o g i c a l , a n t i M a r x i s t a n d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r e n d , has b e e n s o b a d l y d i s c r e d i t e d t h a t e v e n t h e chiefs o f r e v i s i o n i s m themselves, e s p e c i a l l y those of the S o v i e t U n i o n , are u s i n g t h e t e r m r e v i s i o n i s t t o c r i t i c i z e t h e i r most i r r e s i s t i b l e a n d l i b e r a l allies. H e r e a n d t h e r e t h e y let o u t e v e n t h e w o r d s t h a t r e v i s i o n i s m i s t o d a y the m a i n danger, a n d t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t i t the p r i m a r y d u t y . T h e y n e e d this, b o t h t o j u s t i f y their aggression in Czechoslovakia and for home c o m s u m p t i o n . T h e tactics o f t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s are tactics o f the t h i e f w h o c a l l s : catch t h e t h i e f . T h e y accuse others o f a l l t h a t t h e y h a v e d o n e o r a r e d o i n g themselves. M o d e r n revisionism was born about the time o f t h e S e c o n d W o r l d W a r . Its f i r s t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s were B r o w d e r in A m e r i c a and Tito in Europe. B u t d u e t o t h e s t r u g g l e o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s , headed by the Bolshevik P a r t y led by Stalin, n e i ther B r o w d e r i s m nor T i t o i s m could flourish v e r y widely; they were isolated and f u l l y exposed. Modern revisionism was transformed into a major

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i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r e n d o n l y a f t e r the 20th C o n g r e s s o f the C P S U a n d d u e t o t h i s i l l - f a m e d congress. A f t e r t h i s congress K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s m w a s developed and raised to a w h o l e system of political, ideological and economic bourgeois viewpoints. B u t w h i l e t h e y n o w t a k e anti-revisionist poses, t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s persist i n t h e e n t i r e l y r e v i s i o n ist l i n e o f t h e 20th a n d 22nd congresses. T h i s s h o w s t h a t a l l t h e i r p r e s e n t - d a y fuss a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m is a g r e a t b l u f f . T h e S o v i e t leaders accuse the C z e c h o s l o v a k r e visionists of h a v i n g discarded loyalty towards p r i n c i p l e s u n d e r t h e b a n n e r o f t h e f i g h t against dogmatism. T h e y advocate the l i q u i d a t i o n of the r e v o l u t i o n a r y convictions, of the foundations of socialist i d e o l o g y , etc. B u t i s i t n o t the S o v i e t revisionists themselves w h o up today have proclaimed that dogmatism (meaning M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m ) w a s the m a i n d a n g e r ; a n d i s i t n o t t h e y themselves who, u n d e r the banner of the fight against d o g m a t i s m , b e t r a y e d M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , w i d e l y spread revisionism, a n d furiously attacked the S t a l i n r e v o l u t i o n a r y line, the P a r t y o f L a b o r of A l b a n i a , the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of C h i n a and the other M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties? Is it not the Soviet revisionist leaders who, w h i l e they t h r o w f i r e w o r k s against revisionism, are f u r i o u s l y cont i n u i n g the fight against the parties w h i c h really s t a n d o n M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t positions, e s p e c i a l l y against the P a r t y of L a b o r A l b a n i a and the C o m munist Party of China, which have waged and c o n t i n u e t o w a g e a consistent, p r i n c i p l e d a n d i n -

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f l e x i b l e s t r u g g l e against r e v i s i o n i s m ? T h i s i s a n o t h e r p r o o f e x p o s i n g the a n t i - r e v i s i o n i s t d e m a g o g y o f the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p . W h e n the C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v i s i o n i s t s , f o r t h e realisation of their counterrevolutionary aims, m a d e e x t e n s i v e use of the false slogans of f r e e dom, democracy, l i b e r a l i s a t i o n , h u m a n i s m , these slogans, a c c o r d i n g to the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p , were a m a s k to cover c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r y a c t i v i t y , b u t w h e n these slogans are u s e d b y t h a t l e a d e r s h i p itself, w h i c h i s j u s t a s m u c h c o n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r y as the C z e c h o s l o v a k l e a d e r s h i p , these slogans are a l l e g e d l y r e v o l u t i o n a r y ! F r e e d o m a n d d e m o c r a c y o n the l i p s o f the r e v i s i o n i s t s , w h e t h e r Khrushchevite, Titoite, Novotnist or Dubcekist, m e a n f r e e d o m a n d d e m o c r a c y f o r the r e v i s i o n i s t s , f o r the t r a i t o r s a n d c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s ; l i b e ralization means destruction and liquidation of the d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t ; h u m a n i s m m e a n s r e p l a c e m e n t o f the class s t r u g g l e w i t h C h r i s t i a n p a c i f i s m a n d l o v e f o r a l l t h e class e n e m i e s . W h e n the C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v i s i o n i s t s speak o f g r a v e e r r o r s i n the past, d i s t o r t i o n s o f d e m o c r a c y a n d v i o l a t i o n s o f l e g a l i t y a n d use t h e m t o blacken and u n d e r m i n e the gains of socialism, this, a c c o r d i n g to t h e S o v i e t leaders, is d i a b o l i c tactics o f the e n e m i e s o f s o c i a l i s m . B u t d i d t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e not p u r s u e p r e c i s e l y these d i a b o l i c a l tactics i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n ? T h e attacks a n d c a l u m n i e s m a d e b y the K h r u s h c h e v i tes against t h e h e r o i c past o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n o u t d i d even those o f the most r a b i d i m p e r i a l i s t

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e n e m i e s o f the S o v i e t U n i o n . N o b o d y has d i s c r e dited the Soviet U n i o n more than the K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e . T h e secret r e p o r t o f the 20th C o n gress is a d o c u m e n t w h i c h is k n o w n to e v e r y b o d y a n d K h r u s h c h e v ' s successors h a v e n e v e r , i n t h e slightest, p u t t h i s d o c u m e n t i n d o u b t . T h e i r m a noeuvres in publishing some w r i t i n g or in p r o d u c i n g some f i l m s h o w i n g t h e great h i s t o r i c r o l e o f J . S t a l i n d u r i n g the g r e a t p a t r i o t i c w a r , c a n n o t conceal their out-and-out treachery towards the ideas a n d t h e a c t i v i t y o f S t a l i n . T h e y are o n l y a t e s t i m o n y t o t h e fact t h a t S t a l i n i s a l w a y s a l i v e i n t h e m i n d s a n d the h e a r t s o f t h e S o v i e t m e n a n d w o m e n , a n d are a i m e d a t t h r o w i n g dust i n t h e eyes, a n d at q u e l l i n g the resistance of the S o v i e t people t o w a r d s t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e w h i c h has b u r i e d t h e g l o r i o u s h i s t o r i c p e r i o d o f t h e Stalin leadership. J u s t a s d e m a g o g i c a l o n the l i p s o f t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t renegades, a r e t h e i r slogans a b o u t t h e n e c e s s i t y o f i n t e n s i f y i n g the s t r u g g l e against t h e b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y a n d its e f f o r t s f o r t h e e r o s i o n of socialist i d e o l o g y , against a m u l t i p l i c i t y of socialist i d e o l o g i e s a n d of s o c i a l i s m as a social o r d e r . T o d a y t h e y accuse t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v i sionists of h a v i n g had opened the doors to the flood of western ideology, of m a k i n g efforts to l i q u i d a t e the f o u n d a t i o n s o f socialist ideology, o f advocating a n e w model of socialism w h i c h is not b a s e d o n M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , etc. B y r i s i n g a g a i n s t these sins of the C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v i s i o n i s t s , t h e Soviet newspaper Pravda discovered A m e r i c a

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f o r the second time, as it w e r e , p o i n t i n g out t h a t there i s not a n d t h e r e c a n b e n o s o c i a l i s m w i t h o u t the l e a d i n g r o l e o f the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , a r m e d w i t h the ideas o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , that there c a n b e n o o t h e r f o r m o f s o c i a l i s m since the b i r t h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f s c i e n t i f i c s o c i a l i s m , n o other socialist i d e o l o g y w h i c h i s n o t based o n M a r x i s m L e n i n i s m c a n exist i n o u r t i m e s (see P r a v d a o f S e p t e m b e r 19 a n d 22, 1968). O f w h a t f i g h t against b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y c a n the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s speak w h i l e r e v i s i o n i s m i s n o t h i n g else b u t a m a n i f e s t a t i o n of the b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y i n t h e o r y a n d practice, w h i l e e g o i s m a n d i n d i v i d u a l i s m , the r u n n i n g a f t e r m o n e y a n d o t h e r m a t e r i a l b e n e f i t s are t h r i v i n g i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , while career-seeking and bureaucratism, technoc r a t i s m , e c o n o m i s m a n d i n t e l l e c t u a l i s m are d e v e loping, w h i l e villas, motor-cars and beautiful w o m e n h a v e become the s u p r e m e i d e a l o f m e n , while literature and art attack socialism, everyt h i n g r e v o l u t i o n a r y , a n d advocate p a c i f i s m a n d b o u r g e o i s h u m a n i s m , the e m p t y a n d dissolute l i v i n g o f people t h i n k i n g o n l y o f themselves, w h i l e hundreds of thousands of western tourists that visit the Soviet U n i o n e v e r y year, s p r e a d t h e bourgeois i d e o l o g y a n d w a y o f l i f e there, w h i l e w e s t e r n f i l m s cover the screens of the S o v i e t c i n e m a halls, w h i l e the A m e r i c a n orchestras a n d jazz bands a n d those o f t h e o t h e r c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s h a v e become the f a v o r i t e orchestras o f the y o u t h , a n d w h i l e parades o f w e s t e r n f a s h i o n s a r e i n v o g u e i n the S o v i e t U n i o n ? I f u n t i l y e s t e r d a y

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the v a r i o u s m a n i f e s t a t i o n s of b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y c o u l d b e c a l l e d r e m n a n t s o f t h e past, t o d a y b o u r geois i d e o l o g y has b e c o m e a c o m p o n e n t p a r t of t h e c a p i t a l i s t s u p e r s t r u c t u r e w h i c h rests o n t h e state c a p i t a l i s t f o u n d a t i o n w h i c h has n o w been e s t a b l i s h e d i n the S o v i e t U n i o n . A s t o t h e c r i t i c i s m against the m u l t i p l i c i t y o f socialist i d e o l o g i e s a n d o f socialist o r d e r s , i t i s the Soviet leaders themselves that have w i p e d out in theory and practice any distinction between socialist i d e o l o g y a n d b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y , b e t w e e n the socialist o r d e r a n d the c a p i t a l i s t one. It is p r e c i s e l y the Soviet revisionists w h o have declared, a n d c o n t i n u e t o declare, t h a t m a n y c o u n t r i e s n e w l y liberated f r o m the colonial rule of i m p e r i a l i s m a n d in w h i c h the bourgeoisie and landlords and t h e i r r e a c t i o n a r y i d e o l o g y are d o m i n a t i n g , h a v e e m b a r k e d o n t h e r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m o r are b u i l d i n g s o c i a l i s m . D o e s t h i s n o t i n d i c a t e t h a t the S o v i e t leaders t h e m s e l v e s a r e a d v o c a t i n g the p o s s i b i l i t y o f t r a n s i t i o n t o s o c i a l i s m w i t h o u t the l e a d e r s h i p o f the w o r k i n g class, o f its r e v o l u t i o n a r y p a r t y , and of the ideology of M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , in other words, the possibility of transition to sociali s m u n d e r t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f n o n - p r o l e t a r i a n classes a n d parties, t h a t t h e r e e x i s t , t h u s , s e v e r a l k i n d s of socialism and several k i n d s of socialist ideology? O r l e t u s t a k e the case o f Y u g o s l a v i a . I n criticizing the Y u g o s l a v Titoites, w h o supported t h e D u b c e k c l i q u e a n d s p o k e a g a i n s t the S o v i e t aggression in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet revisionists t h o u g h t o f p o i n t i n g o u t t h a t t h e p r o g r a m o f

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the C o m m u n i s t L e a g u e o f Y u g o s l a v i a i s t h e c o m plete e m b o d i m e n t o f the i d e o l o g y o f r e v i s i o n i s m . B u t h o w does this c o m p l y w i t h t h e o t h e r statem e n t s o f the S o v i e t leaders w h o , a f t e r h a v i n g kissed and embraced the Tito clique, proclaimed and continue even today to call Y u g o s l a v i a a socialist c o u n t r y ? W h a t i s t h i s s o c i a l i s m w h i c h is allegedly being built in Y u g o s l a v i a on the basis of r e v i s i o n i s t ideology, w h i c h is n o t h i n g else b u t a v a r i a n t o f the b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y ? D o e s the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p i t s e l f n o t a d m i t b y this t h a t s o c i a l i s m c a n a l l e g e d l y b e b u i l t also o n the basis o f r e v i sionism, that is of a n t i - M a r x i s m , of bourgeois ideology? E x p r e s s i n g d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h the a t t i t u d e o f the T i t o c l i q u e t o w a r d s the C z e c h o s l o v a k events, the S o v i e t p r o p a g a n d a accuses the T i t o i t e s o f b e i n g inspirers a n d s u p p o r t e r s o f t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k counterrevolutionaries. B u t the Soviet leaders themselves w h o , i n a n e n t i r e l y a r b i t r a r y w a y , r e h a b i l i t a t e d the T i t o c l i q u e a s a n i n n o c e n t v i c tim, i n t r o d u c e d i t i n t o t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , proclaimed it as fighter for socialism a n d m a i n t a i n close ties w i t h it, are t h e y n o t t h e m s e l v e s inspirers and supporters of the inspirers a n d s u p p o r t e r s o f the c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s ? Thus, they themselves are as m u c h counterrevolutionaries a s the T i t o c l i q u e . A f t e r t h e 1956 H u n g a r i a n e v e n t s , also, the K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e o f the S o v i e t U n i o n u n d e r t o o k a c a m p a i g n of c r i t i c i s m s a g a i n s t t h e Yugoslav revisionists, but o n l y as a matter of f o r m , f o r i t h a d c o l l a b o r a t e d w i t h t h e m b e h i n d the scenes

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to bring counter-revolutionary K a d a r to power, a n d a s soon a s t h e t e n s i o n r e l a x e d s o m e w h a t t h e honeymoon started again. T h i s is w h a t w i l l surely h a p p e n this t i m e , too. I n d e e d the tone o f the a n t i Y u g o s l a v propaganda i n the Soviet U n i o n has a l ready greatly diminished. The Brezhnev-Kosygin c l i q u e c a n d e c e i v e n o b o d y b y its s h a m c r i t i c i s m o f t h e T i t o c l i q u e . T h e y a r e t w o r e v i s i o n i s t cliques w h i c h , despite the c o n t r a d i c t i o n s t h e y h a v e a b o u t t h e q u e s t i o n s o f the roads o f d e v e l o p m e n t o f r e v i s i o n i s m a n d o f r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n the r e v i s i o n i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d parties, b e l o n g to a s i n g l e c o u n t e r r e volutionary trend modern revisionism. T h e Soviet revisionists have allegedly discov e r e d i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a a new, u n k n o w n f o r m of counterrevolution, peaceful or calm counterrev o l u t i o n . T h e s i n o f those w h o c o n d e m n e d the S o v i e t i n t e r v e n t i o n i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a a s agress i o n , t h e y say, is a l l e g e d l y the deep i n c o m p r e h e n s i o n o f t h e essence o f t h i s n e w h i s t o r i c a l p h e n o m e n o n , as p e o p l e h a v e been so f a r a c c u s t o m e d to i m a g i n e c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n o n l y i n its a r m e d f o r m , t h r o u g h violence. S u m m i n g u p t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f the r e v i s i o n i s t t r a g e d y t h a t h a p p e n e d i n the S o v i e t U n i o n a n d i n o t h e r socialist c o u n t r i e s w h e r e t h e r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e s a r e i n p o w e r , the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s h a v e l o n g since d r a w n t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t the d a n g e r t o t h e d e s t i n i e s o f s o c i a l i s m does n o t s t e m o n l y f r o m e x t e r n a l imperialist aggression n o r only f r o m t h e a r m e d c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n o f the e x p l o i t i n g classes a n d t h e i r s u r v i v a l s , b u t also f r o m p e a c e f u l

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bourgeois r e v i s i o n i s t d e g e n e r a t i o n , w h i c h i s t h e result of the influence of bourgeois ideology f r o m inside and of the pressure of i m p e r i a l i s m f r o m outside. The first example of peaceful counterrevolution was provided by the Titoites, then this road was 7ursued by the K h r u s h c h e v i t e clique of the Soviet U n i o n and by the cliques of the other socialist c o u n t r i e s o f E u r o p e i n succession. T h e a t t e m p t of the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s to p r e s e n t p e a c e f u l c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n as a n e w h i s t o r i c p h e n o m e non w h i c h o c c u r r e d o n l y d u r i n g t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k events, i s i n r e a l i t y a n a t t e m p t , o n t h e o n e h a n d , t o j u s t i f y t h e i r a g g r e s s i o n against t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k people a n d , o n the other hand, to c a m o u f l a g e the p e a c e f u l c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n w h i c h they themselves have carried out in the Soviet Union. A l t h o u g h the ideologists of the Soviet r e v i sionists speak a great d e a l of p e a c e f u l c o u n t e r revolution, they only skirt around this phenomen. T h e y present i t i n a v e r y s i m p l e w a y , a s s o m e t h i n g d i r e c t l y i n s t i g a t e d a n d o r g a n i s e d b y the r e m n a n t s o f t h e e x p l o i t i n g classes a n d b y t h e agencies of imperialism. In reality, peaceful counterrevolut i o n is a c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n w h i c h is c a r r i e d out f r o m above, b y t h e d e g e n e r a t e d a n d b u r e a u c r a t i z e d cadres o f t h e v e r y class a n d p a r t y w h i c h a r e i n p o w e r . A n d t h i s process o f d e g e n e r a t i o n has i t s o w n deep i n t e r n a l a n d e x t e r n a l s o c i a l - e c o n o m i c causes, i n t h e same w a y a s i t h a s also its o w n h i s t o r i c a n d i d e o l o g i c sources. T h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s

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do not and cannot m a k e a n y analysis whatsoever o f t h e causes a n d sources, because t h i s w o u l d m e a n for t h e m to m a k e an autopsy of themselves. The a u t o p s y o f t h e b i r t h o f r e v i s i o n i s m has b e e n a n d w i l l b e m a d e e v e r m o r e f u l l y o n l y b y the M a r x i s t Leninists, by the Bolshevik revolutionaries, w h o w i l l t h r o w out the revisionist carrion and w i l l p u r g e t h e w h o l e a t m o s p h e r e o f its b a d s m e l l . W i t h t h e i r o w n w o r d s , the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s e x p o s e t h e m s e l v e s , because i f t h e y a d m i t the danger of peaceful counterrevolution even a f t e r t h e l i q u i d a t i o n o f the e x p l o i t i n g classes, h o w c a n t h e y p r o c l a i m t h a t the v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m is complete and final, h o w can they say w h a t was s a i d i n t h e p r o g r a m o f t h e C P S U a p p r o v e d b y the 2 2 n d C o n g r e s s t h a t i n t h e c o u n t r i e s o f people's d e m o c r a c y the s o c i a l - e c o n o m i c p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r the restoration of capitalism have been removed? O n e o r the o t h e r : E i t h e r t h e thesis o f p e a c e f u l c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n is a b l u f f or the o t h e r thesis t h a t a l l d a n g e r t o the destinies o f s o c i a l i s m has b e e n r e m o v e d , is a d e c e p t i o n , an a t t e m p t to l e g a l i z e t h e r e v i s i o n i s t t r e a c h e r y , t o l u l l the v i g i l a n c e a n d r e v o l u t i o n a r y a c t i o n o f t h e c o m m u n i s t s a n d the w o r k i n g people. I n contrast w i t h w h a t they have previously a d v o c a t e d , t h a t a l l e g e d l y w i t h the l i q u i d a t i o n o f e x p l o i t i n g classes t h e class s t r u g g l e also comes t o a n e n d a n d its p l a c e i s o c c u p i e d b y the p o l i t i c a l a n d s o c i a l - e c o n o m i c u n i t y o f society, a t p r e s e n t t h e S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s are n o t opposed t o a d m i t t i n g the class s t r u g g l e e v e n a f t e r the l i q u i d a t i o n o f the

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e x p l o i t i n g classes a s s u c h , a n d t o oppose a l s o abstract n a t i o n a l u n i t y . T h e r e i s n o e n d t o d e m a g o g y . T h e y speak o f class s t r u g g l e , b u t o n l y i n o t h e r countries, w h i l e t h e y d o n o t u t t e r a s i n g l e w o r d a b o u t the class s t r u g g l e i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , as if h a r m o n y a n d e v e r l a s t i n g peace w e r e r e i g n i n g there. B u t w h a t a b o u t t h e s t r u g g l e w h i c h t h e K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists themselves undertook a f t e r the d e a t h o f J . V . S t a l i n i n the S o v i e t U n i o n ; is it n o t an open e x p r e s s i o n of t h e s t r u g g l e of the class enemies w h o o p e n e d the r o a d t o the r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , t o its t r a n s f o r m a t i o n f r o m a socialist p r o l e t a r i a n state i n t o a n e w b o u r g e o i s a n d i m p e r i a l i s t state? T h i s class struggle, b u t f r o m t h e p o s i t i o n s o f t h e n e w b o u r geoisie a n d i n its interests, i s b e i n g w a g e d m o s t s a v a g e l y b y the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p a g a i n s t the h e a l t h y r e v o l u t i o n a r y forces b o t h a t h o m e and in the international arena, resorting to a l l the m e a n s o f t h e m i l i t a r y fascist d i c t a t o r s h i p . L i f e , facts, t h e v e r y e x p e r i e n c e o f r e v i s i o n i s t t r e a c h e r y s h o w t h a t t h e class s t r u g g l e c o n t i n u e s , not only after the liquidation of the e x p l o i t i n g classes a s such, n o t o n l y a f t e r the v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m , b u t i n d e e d , f o r some t i m e , e v e n a f t e r t h e v i c t o r y of c o m m u n i s m on a w o r l d scale, as l o n g as the influences of bourgeois ideology continue to exist. T h e r e f o r e , the c o m p l e t e v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m can b e a c h i e v e d a n d b e g u a r a n t e e d o n l y w h e n , i n a d d i t i o n t o o t h e r things, t h e r e h a s been a c h i e v e d the f u l l v i c t o r y o f socialist i d e o l o g y over bourgeois ideology in every i n d i v i d u a l c o u n t r y

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a n d o n a w o r l d scale. A n d , a s l o n g a s this s t r u g g l e c o n t i n u e s , the e x i s t e n c e o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f the proletariat is indispensable, as the m a i n weapon o f the class s t r u g g l e o f the p r o l e t a r i a t f o r t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f a l l t h e class e n e m i e s a n d f o r the building of socialism and communism. T h e w h o l e d e m a g o g y o f the alleged f i g h t a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m a n d o f the a l l e g e d r e t u r n t o the L e n i n i s t - S t a l i n i s t positions i s needed b y the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p to conceal its c o m p l e t e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n into a social-fascist clique. B u t the S o v i e t leaders, d u e t o t h e i r v e r y p o s i t i o n as a r e v i s i o n i s t clique, c a n n o t go v e r y f a r i n the s o c a l l e d f i g h t a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m , f o r such a t h i n g is fraught w i t h extremely dangerous consequences u n e x p e c t e d a n d u n d e s i r a b l e f o r t h e m , T h e r e f o r e , a t the s a m e t i m e t h e y are f u r i o u s l y c o n t i n u i n g t h e i r f i g h t against r e v o l u t i o n a r y M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d the p a r t i e s r e m a i n i n g f a i t h f u l t o it, e s p e c i a l l y against t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a n d the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a . T h i s m o s t c l e a r l y s h o w s the f a l s i t y o f t h e i r d e m a g o g i c a l fuss a b o u t t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m . P r e c i s e l y t o c o n c e a l its b l u f f , the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p i s s t r i v i n g t o create the i l l u s i o n t h a t i t a l l e g e d l y stands o n t h e L e n i n i s t positions of the struggle on two fronts, that it is allegedly f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t t h e r i g h t i s t s , the r e v i s i o n i s t s , as w e l l as a g a i n s t t h e leftists, dogmatists, a d v e n t u r e r s , etc. T h i s d a n g e r o u s m a n o e u v r e m u s t b e f u l l y e x posed, a n d t h e r e a l social-fascist features o f t h e Soviet leading clique should be nakedly revealed.

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Social-imperialism Disguised as Proletarian Internationalism S o c i a l - f a s c i s m i n t h e h o m e p o l i c y has s o c i a l i m p e r i a l i s m a s its d i r e c t c o n t i n u a t i o n i n f o r e i g n p o l i c y ; a n d w h i l e t h e y seek t o c a m o u f l a g e f a s c i s m w i t h socialist p h r a s e o l o g y , the S o v i e t leaders s t r i v e t o conceal t h e i r i m p e r i a l i s m w i t h the s l o g ans o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m . I t i s k n o w n that the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e v i s i o n i s t s started their treachery w i t h capitulation a n d concessions t o i m p e r i a l i s m a n d w i t h r e n o u n c i n g the f i g h t against i t ; w h i l e the l i q u i d a t i o n o f the f o u n dations o f s o c i a l i s m a n d the r e s t o r a t i o n o f c a p i t a l i s m i n the S o v i e t U n i o n , its t r a n s f o r m a t i o n f r o m a socialist state i n t o a c a p i t a l i s t state of the n e w type, c r e a t e d the economic, social a n d class p r e mises f o r its t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n t o a great i m p e r i a l ist p o w e r i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a , a n d f o r the c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n a r y a l l i a n c e w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e S o v i e t U n i o n has become a n i m p e r i a l i s t p o w e r w h i c h seeks t o h a v e its zones o f i n f l u e n c e , w h i c h i s s t r i v i n g t o e n s l a v e a n d e x p l o i t the peoples o f other countries, w h i c h , i n a l l i a n c e w i t h U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m , i s s t r i v i n g f o r the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f the w o r l d d o m i n a t i o n o f the t w o great p o w e r s . B u t if, u n t i l r e c e n t l y , S o v i e t i m p e r i a l i s m w a s t r y i n g t o p r e s e r v e a n d e x t e n d its zone o f i n f l u e n c e , t o dictate its w i l l t o o t h e r s t h r o u g h - p e a c e f u l means- through economic penetration a n d subjugation, through political and ideological inf l u e n c e a n d pressure, t h r o u g h m i l i t a r y a n d eco-

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n o m i c alliances, etc., n o w it has passed o v e r to o p e n fascist m e t h o d s , to the use of a r m e d v i o l e n c e , t o d i r e c t m i l i t a r y a g g r e s s i o n e v e n a g a i n s t its o w n allies. P r e c i s e l y t h i s i s the n e w f e a t u r e i n the e v o lution of Soviet imperialism. The most typical e x a m p l e i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n i s the S o v i e t fascist m i l i tary aggression in Czechoslovakia. B y w h a t t h e y d i d i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , the S o v i e t revisionists quite e v i d e n t l y showed that n o w for t h e m there do exist neither friendship, alliances a n d treaties, f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e , n o r sover e i g n t y o f peoples. T h e o n l y p r i n c i p l e e x i s t i n g for them is the right of the more p o w e r f u l to make the l a w e v e r y w h e r e , w h i l e a l l o t h e r p r i n c i p l e s are v i o l a t e d , t r a m p l e d u n d e r foot, p l a c e d u n d e r the heel, t h r o u g h a r m s a n d b l o o d s h e d . T o j u s t i f y this c y n i c a l a n d fascist p o l i c y , t h e Soviet revisionists are n o w seeking to convince n o n e o t h e r t h a n t h e i r o w n allies f r o m the r e v i s i o n ist c a m p t h a t the independence, s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n , s o v e r e i g n t y o f the parties a n d peoples o f various countries have no value whatsoever, that t h e y m u s t s u b m i t t o t h e interests o f the so-called socialist c o m m u n i t y , i n o t h e r w o r d s , t o the i n t e rests o f t h e c h a u v i n i s t great p o w e r o f the S o v i e t U n i o n , t h a t f o r t h e sake o f these interests t h i s p o w e r c a n v i o l a t e these p r i n c i p l e s w h e n , w h e r e , and in w h a t w a y , it likes. T h e d e m a g o g y o f the S o v i e t aggressors, t h a t b y attacking and occupying Czechoslovakia w i t h arms they c a r r i e d o u t t h e i r i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t d u t y t o w a r d s the C z e c h o s l o v a k p e o p l e a n d t o w a r d s the cause o f

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s o c i a l i s m a n d the w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t , inasmuch as they allegedly saved the victories of s o c i a l i s m i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a f r o m the d a n g e r o f counterrevolution, can h o o d w i n k nobody. H o w can t h e y d e f e n d the g a i n s o f s o c i a l i s m i n a n o t h e r c o u n t r y w h o have destroyed socialism in their o w n c o u n t r y , h o w c a n t h e y a v o i d the d a n g e r o f c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n w h o t h e m s e l v e s a r e the h e a d o f c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n ? W e s h o w e d a b o v e t h a t a l l those t h i n g s o f w h i c h t h e y accused t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k revisionists in order to justify their aggression, the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s h a v e done a n d a r e d o i n g themselves. T h e r e f o r e a l l t h e a r g u m e n t s o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d e r s h i p a r e e m p t y a n d false. T h e i r actions h a v e n o p o l i t i c a l , i d e o l o g i c a l , m o r a l or legal foundation whatsoever. F u l l y defeated, also, w a s t h e legal a r g u m e n t o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s t o j u s t i f y t h e i r a g g r e s s i o n in Czechoslovakia. T h e - f a m o u s - l e t t e r o f some Czechoslovak personalities allegedly addressed to the S o v i e t s a n d t o some o t h e r W a r s a w T r e a t y c o u n t r i e s to a s k f o r t h e i r a i d i n s u p p r e s s i n g c o u n terrevolution in Czechoslovakia was absolutely proved to be a fraud. N o b o d y came out to c o n f i r m b e i n g the a u t h o r o f t h a t letter. T h e S o v i e t t r o o p s w e r e n o t i n v i t e d e i t h e r b y the C z e c h o s l o v a k G o v e r n m e n t , o r b y the P r e s i d e n t o f t h e R e p u b l i c , b y t h e p a r l i a m e n t o r the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f the P a r t y . E v e n H i t l e r i n h i s t i m e acted w i t h m o r e t a c t : a s least b e o b t a i n e d b y f o r c e t h e s i g n a t u r e o f the P r e s i d e n t H a c h a , w h e n h e o c c u p i e d C z e c h o s lovakia.

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A s t o the C z e c h o s l o v a k people a n d the h e a l t h y s o c i a l i s t forces i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , t h e y h a d n o r e a son to address themselves for aid to the Soviet r e v i s i o n i s t renegades a n d t h e i r allies, f o r the d e fence o f t h e g a i n s o f s o c i a l i s m f r o m the C z e c h o s l o v a k r e v i s i o n i s t renegades, f o r b o t h the S o v i e t revisionist clique a n d the N o v o t n y or Dubcek r e v i s i o n i s t cliques, a r e a d v a n c i n g , a l l o f t h e m , o n the same a n t i - M a r x i s t and anti-socialist road. A n d l i f e s h o w e d , a n d c o n f i r m s t h r o u g h n u m e r o u s facts w i t h e v e r y p a s s i n g day, t h a t d e s p i t e t h e c a p i t u l a t i o n o f t h e D u b c e k clique, t h e C z h e c h o s l o v a k people m e t t h e a r m i e s o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s a s o c c u p i e r s a n d , i n v a r i o u s f o r m s , t h e y resisted a n d a r e r e s i s t i n g o c c u p a t i o n . T h e y are e v e r m o r e c l e a r l y r e a l i z i n g t h a t the actions o f the Dubcek clique w h i c h o v e r t h r e w the N o v o t n y c l i q u e , w e r e a c o u n terrevolution w i t h i n the counterrevolution, just as t h e S o v i e t m i l i t a r y i n t e r v e n t i o n w a s the s u p p r e s s i o n t h r o u g h the f o r c e o f a r m s o f the i n t e r n a l C z e c h o s l o v a k c o u n t e r r e v o l u t i o n b y the S o v i e t e x t e r n a l counterrevolution. A s a n i m p o r t a n t i n s t r u m e n t f o r the i m p l e m e n tation of its imperialist policy, the Soviet leading clique is using the W a r s a w T r e a t y m i l i t a r y alliance. T h i s t r e a t y , w h i c h has c h a n g e d its n a t u r e f r o m t o p to b o t t o m , f r o m a t r e a t y of peace i n t o a m e a n s of w a r , f r o m a d e f e n s i v e t r e a t y i n t o a w e a p o n of a g g r e s s i o n , i s b e i n g u s e d b y the S o v i e t l e a d i n g c l i q u e also a g a i n s t t h e v e r y p a r t i c i p a n t s i n t h i s t r e a t y . I n r e a l i t y , w i t h the e x c e p t i o n o f R u m a n i a , a l l t h e o t h e r m e m b e r c o u n t r i e s o f this i l l - f a m e d

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treaty are under the control of the a r m e d force o f S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s m . T h e so-called socialist f a m i l y or socialist c o m m u n i t y resembles a c o n c e n t r a t i o n camp, a p r i s o n of peoples, S o v i e t t r o o p s are s t a t i o n e d e v e r y w h e r e a n d t h e y m a k e the l a w i n these countries. I n these c o n d i t i o n s , the f r e e d o m , independence, e q u a l i t y a n d s o v e r e i g n t y o f t h e p e o ples, h a v e been t u r n e d i n t o e m p t y slogans w h i c h are u s e d t o deceive a n d l u l l the peoples. B u t the appetite o f S o v i e t i m p e r i a l i s m goes b e y o n d the l i m i t s o f t h e zone w h i c h i s d i r e c t l y u n d e r its i n f l u e n c e . I t i s o p e n l y t h r e a t e n i n g t h e o t h e r B a l k a n countries, e s p e c i a l l y t h e P e o p l e ' s R e public of A l b a n i a ; it is committing open m i l i t a r y provocations against the People's Republic of C h i n a , a n d , i n close c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h the U . S . i m p e r i a l i s t s , the J a p a n e s e militarists, w i t h the Indian, Indonesian, a n d other reactionaries, it is p r e p a r i n g the b i g a n t i - C h i n a plot. T h e S o v i e t r e v i sionist rulers, i n a l l i a n c e a n d v y i n g w i t h the U.S. i m p e r i a l i s t s , are e x t e n d i n g t h e zone o f a c t i o n o f t h e i r m i l i t a r y fleet, t h e y h a v e l e d t h e i r w a r s h i p s t o the M e d i t e r r a n e a n t o t h r e a t e n the P e o p l e ' s Republic of A l b a n i a as w e l l as to extend their i m p e r i a l i s t g r i p a t the e x p e n s e o f the A r a b p e o p l e a n d o f the peoples o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . This typical imperialist policy of the Soviet rev i s i o n i s t s c a n n o t b e concealed. I t c a n n o t h e l p m e e t i n g w i t h the d e t e r m i n e d o p p o s i t i o n a n d r e s i s t a n c e o f a l l t h e peoples w h o c h e r i s h the i d e a l s o f f r e e dom, independence, sovereignty, revolution a n d socialism. This policy is ever more exposing a n d

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i s o l a t i n g t h e S o v i e t l e a d i n g c l i q u e b e f o r e the p e o ples o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d . A n d n o t o n l y that. I n i m p l e m e n t i n g its i m p e r i a l i s t aggressive c o u r s e i t has h a d g r e a t d i f f i c u l t i e s also w i t h its o w n allies. T h e S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p , i n order to keep control of the other revisionist c l i ques, i s o p e n l y p a s s i n g o v e r t o the use o f f o r c e , a s w a s s h o w n b y t h e C z e c h o s l o v a k events, w h i c h a r e a v e r y s e r i o u s w a r n i n g o f w h a t a w a i t s the o t h e r cliques i f t h e y d a r e a d v a n c e o n the r o a d o f p o l y c e n t r i s m , a u t o n o m y , etc. B u t i n s t e a d o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g the d o m i n a t i n g positions o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t l e a d i n g c l i q u e , this w i l l l e a d t o a f u r t h e r d i v i s i o n o f the r e v i s i o n i s t f r o n t a n d w i l l s t i l l m o r e u n d e r m i n e the p o s i t i o n s o f S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s m . T h i s w a s v e r y c l e a r l y seen i n the r e a c t i o n o f the r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e s o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s w h i c h , i n a j o i n t chorus, rose u p against t h e S o v i e t i n t e r vention in Czechoslovakia and condemned it as aggression, t a k i n g t h e D u b c e k c l i q u e u n d e r p r o t e c t i o n . T h e a d d i t i o n a l d i f f i c u l t i e s c r e a t e d f o r the Soviet leadership in convening an international m e e t i n g o f the r e v i s i o n i s t parties, w h i c h w a s a g a i n p o s t p o n e d , i s f u r t h e r e v i d e n c e o f this. T h e recent events, e s p e c i a l l y those i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , are a c a t a s t r o p h i c defeat f o r t h e w h o l e of m o d e r n revisionism, w h i c h most obviously i n d i cates its c o m p l e t e d e g e n e r a t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y of t h e head of m o d e r n revisionism the K h r u s h c h e v i t e c l i q u e o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , i n t o a social-fascist a n d social-imperialist clique. Nobody should allow h i m s e l f to be d e c e i v e d by the m a n e u v r e s to c o n c e a l

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this d e g e n e r a t i o n w i t h d e m a g o g y , w i t h t h e slogans o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m . I t i s the d u t y o f a l l t h e r e a l Marxist-Leninists and revolutionaries to expose a n d s m a s h this d a n g e r o u s m a n o e u v r e . I n the f i r s t place, the S o v i e t people t h e m s e l v e s m u s t r i s e w i t h d e t e r m i n a t i o n against t h i s i m p e r i a l i s t a g g r e s s i v e course a n d s h o u l d n o t a l l o w the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r e n e g a d e c l i q u e i n p o w e r t o use S o v i e t m e n a n d w o m e n , the S o v i e t a r m e d forces, f o r the r e a l i s a t i o n o f its i m p e r i a l i s t a n d o p p r e s s i v e a i m s . O n e s h o u l d n o t forget f o r a s i n g l e m o m e n t t h e g r e a t t e a c h i n g o f M a r x t h a t the people o f a c o u n t r y t h a t oppresses o t h e r peoples a r e n o t a n d c a n n e v e r b e free.

Stalin Belongs to the Marxist-Leninists, He Belongs to Proletarian Revolution A n a l y s i s o f the facts s h o w s t h a t t h e r e c a n b e n o q u e s t i o n o f a n y m o d e r a t i o n o f the r e v i s i o n i s t positions of the Soviet renegade leadership. A l l its efforts t o create t h e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t i t i s a l l e gedly returning to the o l d Stalinist positions are a big bluff. There should be no illusion whatsoever that the events in Czechoslovakia, in Poland, and the activation of the liberal extremists in the Soviet U n i o n h a v e o p e n e d the eyes o f the S o v i e t c o u n t e r revolutionary clique a n d brought them d o w n to e a r t h . A l l this h a s o n l y caused i t t o c h a n g e i t s tactics, to adopt s t i l l m o r e d e m a g o g i c a l tactics to

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e s t a b l i s h a n d c o n s o l i d a t e t h e f u l l fascist m i l i t a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p o f r e v i s i o n i s t c a p i t a l a n d t o disguise it. The Brezhnev-Kosygin c l i q u e places great hopes i n a c h i e v i n g t h i s success i n s i d e t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , w h e r e there is b r u t a l oppression, a terrible c e n s o r s h i p , w h e r e t h e c o m m u n i s t s a n d people h a v e b e e n e d u c a t e d m e r e l y to r e p e a t a n d n o t to do a t h o r o u g h - g o i n g s t u d y o f t h e content o f the f o r m u l a s a n d slogans, a n d w h e r e , f i n a l l y , t h e c u l t o f m e g a l o m a n i a o f t h e g r e a t a n d p o w e r f u l socialist state c o n t i n u e s to d e v e l o p . It hopes to a c h i e v e this also by speaking in a l o w voice about a return to the S t a l i n epoch, t o s a t i s f y a n d d e c e i v e t h e r e b y the apolitical, the sentimental a n d the naive. I t i s a d u t y o f a l l t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , i n the first place of the Soviet B o l s h e v i k revolutionaries t h e m s e l v e s , t o e x p o s e r i g h t t o the e n d this d i a b o l i c a l m a n o e u v r e o f the K h r u s h c h e v i t e r u l i n g clique, t o reject a n y i l l u s i o n w i t h r e g a r d t o this c l i q u e , t o i n t e n s i f y t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t it, t o t h o r o u g h l y expose its r e a l social-fascist a n d s o c i a l - i m p e r i a l i s t c o u n t e n a n c e . F a c e d w i t h t h e fact o f t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f the S o v i e t S t a t e i n t o a f a s c i s t - t y p e m i l i t a r y dictatorship, the Soviet revolutionaries must rise up, organise themselves and t h r o w themselves into struggle a n d revolution. Their historic respons i b i l i t y i s t o d a y g r e a t e r t h a n ever. T h e r e i s n o d o u b t t h a t this w i l l b e a d i f f i c u l t s t r u g g l e , w h i c h w i l l r e q u i r e s e l f - d e n i a l a n d h e a v y sacrifices. B u t the Leninist-Stalinist bolsheviks have never been f r i g h t e n e d . W e e x p r e s s o u r deep c o n v i c t i o n t h a t t h e y w i l l one day p e r f o r m w i t h h o n o r their great

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d u t y t o w a r d s t h e i r o w n people a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s m . A n d the sooner t h e y d o this, the b e t t e r i t w i l l be. T h e d e m a g o g y o f the S o v i e t l e a d i n g c l i q u e f o r a n alleged r e t u r n t o the r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o s i t i o n s o f the S t a l i n epoch, m u s t b e e x p o s e d also o u t s i d e the Soviet U n i o n , where it could be established and used b y the o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t cliques. B u t , o n t h e other h a n d , i t i s o b v i o u s t h a t these tactics w i l l s h a r p e n the c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n the c a m p o f the r e visionists, w i l l l e a d t o the d i v i s i o n o f the r e v i s i o n i s t parties i n t o p r o - S o v i e t a n d a n t i - S o v i e t g r o u p s . I n deed, r i g h t n o w the N o v o t n y i s t s i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , the V e r m e e r s h i s t s a n d Thorezists in France, are b e i n g called tough, S t a l i n i s t , because t h e y a r e s u p p o r t e r s o f the S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s , t h e i r agents. The Soviet leading clique is giving and w i l l give to these elements, its w h o l e s u p p o r t so as to e s t a b l i s h t h r o u g h t h e m , its c o n t r o l a n d s h a t t e r e d r u l e o v e r the o t h e r r e v i s i o n i s t parties. T h i s cannot a v o i d m e e t i n g t h e resistance o f the o t h e r r e v i s i o n ist elements, w h i c h w i l l f u r t h e r d e e p e n the d i v i s i o n i n the. r e v i s i o n i s t c a m p . T h e d u t y o f the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s i n these countries is to mercilessly unmask the pseudo-rev o l u t i o n a r y p h r a s e o l o g y o f the p r o - S o v i e t agency, t o p r e v e n t the c r e a t i o n o f a n y i l l u s i o n w h a t e v e r in this d i r e c t i o n , to e x p l o i t the d e e p e n i n g of t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n the f o l d o f t h e r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d t o i n t e n s i f y t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t a l l the r e v i s i o n i s t r e negades f o r t h e i r c o m p l e t e d e s t r u c t i o n . A s t o the c o u n t r i e s w h i c h are r u l e d b y the

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S o v i e t r e v i s i o n i s t s , a n d w h e r e t h e y m a k e the l a w t h r o u g h the m i l i t a r y forces t h e y h a v e s t a t i o n e d there, this m a n o e u v r e c a n h a r d l y serve because the s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f the i m p e r i a l i s t - f a s c i s t a g g r e s s i v e c h a r a c t e r o f the p o l i c y b e i n g p u r s u e d b y the S o v i e t l e a d i n g c l i q u e c a n n o t h e l p a r o u s i n g the e v e r m o r e r e s o l u t e i n d i g n a t i o n a n d protest o f the p e o ples o f these c o u n t r i e s . I n d e e d , e v e n the r e v i s i o n ist Q u i s l i n g s w h o are n e c e s s a r i l y o b e y i n g the S o v i e t c l i q u e , f o r t h e i r r u l i n g p o s i t i o n s h a v e been b u i l t on sand, do not w a n t t h e m to undertake a m a n o e u v r e o f a n a l l e g e d r e t u r n t o the S t a l i n epoch, be it e v e n as a b l u f f , because, on the o n e h a n d , this w o u l d a t t a c h t h e m s t i l l m o r e closely t o t h e Soviet chariot, f r o m w h i c h they w a n t to be as i n d e p e n d e n t a s possible, a n d o n the o t h e r h a n d , such a manoeuvre w o u l d undermine their foundations, i n a s m u c h a s t h e y came t o p o w e r p r e c i s e l y u n d e r the b a n n e r o f the f i g h t against S t a l i n i s m . T h e r e f o r e , h e r e too, d i v i s i o n s w i l l b e f u r t h e r s h a r p e n e d a n d deepened, i n s i d e the r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t i e s a s w e l l a s b e t w e e n the r u l i n g r e v i s i o n i s t cliques a n d the S o v i e t l e a d e r s h i p . T h e s u b m i s s i o n o f the r e v i sionist Q u i s l i n g s t o t h e S o v i e t fascist m i l i t a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p i s t e m p o r a r y . T h e r e w i l l b e fierce d i s p u tes a n d b l o w s b e t w e e n t h e m u p t o a r m e d clashes. A l l these t h i n g s create f a v o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s f o r the r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e o f t h e peoples a n d the C o m m u n i s t s o f these c o u n t r i e s , t o expose the local revisionist Quislings as w e l l as the Soviet o c c u p i e r s , to d r i v e t h e o c c u p a t i o n a r m i e s o u t of the country, a n d to o v e r t h r o w the revisionist renegade

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cliques i n p o w e r . T h e o n l y correct r o a d f o r t h e a t t a i n m e n t o f those a i m s i s the c r e a t i o n e v e r y w h e r e o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t parties, a n d the o r g a n i s a t i o n o f armed revolutionary struggle. The Party of Labor of Albania, which has a l w a y s c o n s i s t e n t l y a b i d e d b y the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e a n d p r i n c i p l e s , a n d has w a g e d a n d i s w a g i n g a r e s o l u t e f i g h t against m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m h e a d e d b y the S o v i e t renegade l e a d e r s h i p , w i l l m e r c i l e s s l y u n m a s k the present dangerous, p r a g m a t i s t tactics of the B r e z h n e v - K o s y g i n clique for an alleged r e t u r n to the r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o s i t i o n s of S t a l i n . It has not a n d i t w i l l n e v e r a l l o w t h e n a m e a n d t h e great M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t r e v o l u t i o n a r y a c t i v i t y o f J o s e p h S t a l i n t o b e b e s m i r c h e d b y the K h r u s h c h e v i t e revisionists, or to be u s e d by t h e m as a camouflage to conceal their revisionist treachery. S t a l i n belongs t o the M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , t o the p r o letarian revolution.

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daily, organ o f the C C o f the P a r t y o f L a b o r o f A l b a n i a , on O c t o b e r 5, 1964 THE M O D E R N REVISIONISTS ON T H E W A Y TO DEGENERATION AND TO INTO SOCIAL-DEMOSOCIAL-DE281 CRATS FUSING WITH

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