CommunicationNetwork Referencemodels

Objective:Tolearnbasicprincipalsof referencemodels,OSIModel,ATMModel, InternetModeletc., etc Switchednetworks

OSImodel

OSIcont.
ApplicationLayer:providesameansforsimilaror dissimilarapplicationprocessestoexchangeinformation. PresentationLayer: presentationofinformationinaway th ti that ismeaningful i f lto t the th network t kdevices. d i SessionLayer:organizeandsynchronizeagivendialog occurringbetweendevicesandtomanagethedata exchange. TransportLayer: responsibleforprovidingdatatransfer bet eentwo between t ousers sersatanagreedupon ponle level elofq quality. alit

OSIcont.
NetworkLayer:responsibleforestablishing, maintainingand dterminatingthe h network k connection,routingdatafromonenetworkdevice toanother. another DataLinkLayer: responsibleforprovidingreliable datatransmission. Physicallayer:responsibleforthetransmissionof bit b tst streams ea sac across ossat transmission a s ss o c channel. a e .

OSIcont.

TCP/IPNetwork

Internet
Developed p by y IETF TCP/IP protocol suite covers network and transport layers. IP address are used for addressing of devices. Packet size is variable Two versions IPv4 (32 bits) and IPv6 (128 bits) are available for addressing purpose

ATM
ATMisacellbasedmultiplexingandswitching technology. ATMusesfixed fi dsized i dpackets k called ll dcells ll minimalerrorandflowcontrol dataratesof25.6Mbpsto622.08Mbps

ATM
Developed by ITU-T Combination of best features of circuit switched & packet p switched networks It uses asynchronous time division multiplexing Packet size is fixed (53 Bytes = 5 header +48 payload) ATM is a vital part of B-ISDN, SONET and several telecommunication backbone network technologies. g Its a Virtual Circuit switched network (connection oriented) (three phases are Set-up connection, transfer data and tear down connection)

ATMReferenceModel

ATMReferenceModel
The ATM reference model is composed p of the following g planes, p , which span all layers:
ControlThis plane is responsible for generating and managing signaling requests requests. UserThis plane is responsible for managing the transfer of data.

ManagementThisplanecontainstwocomponents:
layer management that manageslayerspecificfunctions, suchasthedetectionoffailuresandprotocolproblems plane management that coordinatesfunctionsrelatedto thecompletesystem.

ATM Reference Model (cont.)

The ATM reference model is composed of three ATM layers:
physical layer: manages the medium medium-dependent dependent transmission ATM Layer: provides cell multiplexing, cell-switching and routing services. To do this, it uses the VPI and VCI information in the header of each ATM cell. ATM adaptation layer: segments the data into 48-byte cell payloads.

There are five types of ATM Adaptation Layers (AAL)

AAL1: (CBR) used for voice and videoconferencing AAL2: (VBR) realtimeornonrealtimevoiceorvideo bursty innature AAL3 and AAL 4:VBR services, supportsbothconnectionorientedand connectionlessdata AAL5: used for Data services, supportsbothconnectionorientedand connectionlessdata,exampleIPoverATM.

Which AAL is used in cell is not encoded in the cell, it is negotiated between end devices prior to data transmission

Comparisonb/wvariousreferencemodels
ReferenceModels D l Developed d b by Layers NMS PacketSize OSI ISO 7 CMIP TCPIP IETF 5 SNMP Variable ATM ITUT Layers+planes CMIP Fixed(48Bytes)