introduction

Catalysts are big business. The chemical industry depends upon catalysts. We depend upon the chemical industry for our 21st century life style. We depend on catalysts. 80% of processes in the chemical industry use catalysts. Catalyst sales in 2005 were estimated to be worth around US$11 billion. Growth in catalyst sales is estimated to be increasing at about 4.5% per year. In excess of US$3 trillion in goods and services in world-wide Gross Domestic Product annually can be attributed to catalysts. The conversion of coal or natural gas to anything uses a catalyst. Catalysts have an enormous impact on the chemical industry because they:

enable reactions to take place make processes more efficient a 0.5% to 1% increase in selectivity can lead to a up to 1 million dollar increase in operating profit make processes environmentally friendly.

Key characteristics of catalysts are their activity, selectivity and lifetime.

In 1940 Dr. Haldor Topsoe founded the company on the belief that only through applied fundamental research would we build and retain our position as second to none in catalysis. This notion still governs the companys business activities:

Research - technology - catalysts

The synergy between research and development, process design, engineering, catalyst production and sales form the basis of the continuous optimization of our catalysts and technologies. Topsoes research activities are focused according to feedback from industrial practice. Engineering design parameters are firmly based on in-house knowledge and technology resulting from research and development efforts. Our catalysts and processes are developed in close collaboration between research, engineering, and production, ensuring the creation of catalysts and processes, which meet and exceed clients expectations .

Advising our clients

The Topsoe business model is unique, integrating all aspects from fundamental knowledge to practical implementation to achieve optimum industrial efficiency. This ensures an ideal platform for advising clients and promotes state-of-the-art plants with excellent performance.

Working together
Topsoes commitment to catalysis has created a strong and multi-facetted business with a product portfolio spanning from catalysts to proprietary equipment, process design, engineering and service

Chapter 1 Industrial profile

Catalyst industries

Catalyst industries in India

Current global scenario

Historical perceptive of catalyst industries

Top 10 catalyst manufactures of the world

Catalyst used in chemical industries

Competitors and catalyst manufactures in India

Future perspective of catalyst industry

Catalyst Industries

Catalysis is the process in which a catalyst promotes a chemical reaction, without being consumed by the reaction itself. The cyclist To illustrate the process more clearly, we can use the image of a cyclist who is at the bottom of a mountain. Without the catalyst he has to climb over it, using a tremendous amount of energy A catalyst, however, is like taking an energy saving shortcut through a tunnel in the mountain. This allows the cyclist to reach the other side quicker and spend less energy than without the help of a catalyst. Because catalysts are not consumed during the process, they can be used for years, helping many cyclists get through the mountain. What does catalysis do? A catalytic process converts one chemical component into another. For instance, it is possible to convert natural gas into hydrogen, and hydrogen and nitrogen can be catalyzed into ammonia. When a catalyst produces a chemical process, the chemical reaction happens faster and uses much less energy. Production increases, and resources are saved. Catalysis in the worlds industry Catalysis is essential to the worlds industrial production. As much as 90% of all chemical processes utilize catalysts, and 60% of all industrial products are made using catalysis. Catalysis speeds up chemical processes. For example, an ammonia plant typically produces 1,000 tones of ammonia per day. Without catalysis, it would take approximately one million days to produce the same amount of ammonia

Catalyst industries in India

Indian catalysis research and development today is geared to serve the needs of the country on the one hand and the more challenging global requirements on the other The research is focused, on innovative solutions to the problems of environmental pollution, safety in industrial practice and saving the energy requirement in chemical reactions. Catalysis R & D in Indian institutions now looks forward to the development of competitive catalysts and processes that are required to meet these challenges. Indian per capita consumption of petroleum and petrochemical products was increased considerably during 1970s. Due to this rapid growth most of the laboratories initiated projects on the development of catalysis for petrochemicals and petroleum refinery processes with an emphasis on self-sufficiency and indigenization rather than on innovation. Catalysis research is expanded to cover topics such as synthesis and application of zeolites, molecular sieves, novel materials and photo catalysis. The globalization has resulted in many partnerships between Indian and foreign organizations For example, a large amount of catalysis research carried out in CSIRs (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research ) NCL (National Chemical Laboratory, Pune) IICT (Indian institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad) These laboratories have collaborations with multinational R & D Centers. Based on these activities, many catalysts/ processes developed in India are expected to go global in coming years. IPCL (Indian Petrochemical Ltd) PDIL (Projects & Development India Ltd.) CFRI (Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad) Have also contributed substantially to the area of catalyst

Current global scenario

Catalyst regeneration is the process used for producing aromatic hydrocarbons which are used as motor fuel. This process is mostly used by petroleum and petrochemical industries to convert paraffins and naphthenes into aromatics. With the increasing need for sulfur free clean fuel, regenerated catalyst usage is increasing. Global consumption

of regenerated catalyst has reached around 1,200 kilo tons per year. Regeneration and recycling of catalysts will help petroleum refiners, chemical producers, power plant operators, and crude oil refineries in cost optimization and meet the international need for cleaner products. Protecting the environment and meeting energy needs are the two important applications of the catalyst regeneration technology. The global catalyst regeneration market is growing steadily since the last few years. Around 60% of the catalyst regeneration market is captured by off-site regeneration. It is projected that in the future, the growth of the catalyst regeneration market will depend more on off-site catalyst regeneration rather than on on-site methods. The reason for the growth of the regenerated catalyst market is that it is approximately 40% frugal than new catalysts, the lead time is in weeks, there is no burden of land-filling, and 66% less CO2 is required than in a new catalyst. Some of the major factors driving the growth of catalyst regeneration market are environmental regulation to reduce the chemical waste produced from manufacturing processes, rising cost of metal actives, and the tight supply and demand curve. The market share of the regenerated catalyst market will keep growing in terms of volume because of increase in the cost of raw material but, nevertheless, value-wise the market share of fresh catalysts would be greater because of the high price of newly innovated high performing fresh catalysts. Some of the major factors restraining the market growth are the use of renewable feedstock and low grade coal or heavy oil from the streams that include catalyst poison which could permanently damage catalyst active sites where the regeneration becomes unsuccessful.

Historical perspective of catalyst industries

The first time catalyst used in the industry was in 1746 by J. Roebuck in the manufacture of lead chamber sulfuric acid. Since then catalysts have been in used in a large portion of the chemical industry. In the start only pure components were used as catalysts, but after the

year 1900 multicomponent catalysts were studied and are now commonly used catalysts in the industry today. In the chemical industry and the industrial research, catalysis play an important role. The different catalysts are in constant development to fulfill economic, political and environmental demands. When using a catalyst it is possible to replace a polluting chemical reaction with a more environmental friendly alternative. Today, and in the future this can be vital for the chemical industry. In addition its important for a company/researcher to pay attention to the market development. If a companys catalyst is not continually improved, another company can make progress in research on that particular catalyst and gain market share. For a company, a new and improved catalyst can be a huge advantage for a competitive manufacturing cost. Its extremely expensive for a company to shut down the plant because of an error in the catalyst, so the correct selection of a catalyst or a new improvement can be the key to industrial success. To achieve the best understanding and development of a catalyst it is important that different special fields work together. These fields can be: organic chemistry, analytic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, chemical engineers and surface chemistry. The economics must also be taken into account. One of the issues that must be consider is if the company should use money on doing the catalyst- research themselves or buy the technology from someone else. As the analytical tools are becoming more advanced, the catalysts used in the industry are improving. One example on an improvement can be to develop a catalyst with a longer lifetime than the previous version. Some of the advantages improved catalyst gives that affects peoples lives are: cheaper and more effective fuel, new drugs and medications and new polymers. Some of the large chemical processes that use catalysis today are the production of methanol and ammonia. Both methanol and ammonia synthesis take advantage of the water-gas shift reaction and heterogeneous catalysis while other chemical industries use homogenous catalyst. If the catalyst exists in the same phase as the reactants it is said to be homogenous; otherwise it is heterogeneous.

Top 10 catalysts manufactures of the world

1. Company: Haldor Topsoe

Business sector: Technical service, catalyst manufactures, Consultancy Country of Origin: Denmark 2. Company: UOP Business sector: Refining, petrochemicals, catalyst manufactures Country of Origin: USA 3. Company: Axens Business sector: Refining, petrochemicals, technical assistance, , consultancy Country of Origin: France 4. Company: Johnson Matthey Business sector: Refining, catalyst manufactures, pharmaceutical Ingredients Country of Origin: Uk 5. Company: Criterion Business sector: catalyst manufactures, refining Country of Origin: USA 6. Company: Sd-Chemie Business sector: Refining, catalyst manufactures Country of Origin: Germany 7. Company: Albemarle Business sector:, petrochemicals, catalyst manufactures Country of Origin: USA 8. Company: Grace Davison, Business sector: technical service , catalyst manufactures Country of Origin: UK

9. Company: BASF Business sector: polymer , fertilizers, catalyst manufactures Country of Origin: Germany 10. Company: ExxonMobil Chemical Business sector: polymers, chemical, catalyst, technological Licensing Country of Origin: US

Competitors and catalyst manufactures in India

All the top catalyst manufactures has got there subsidiary companies in India , other Indian companies are has follows . Worlee chemie India pvt ltd , Navi Mumbai Exporters and manufactures of acid, and blocked acid catalyst k-tec India ltd , Thana Manufactures and exporters of catalyst Smruti enterprises, Vadodara Manufacture of catalyst Sud chemi India pvt ltd . New Delhi Manufactures of catalyst and petrochemicals

Catalyst used in chemical industries

 Hydrogen Industry(coal,NH3,methanol, FT, hydrogenations/ HDT ,fuel cell). Natural gas processing (SR,ATR,WGS,POX) Petroleum refining (FCC, HDW ,HDT , HCr ,REF Petrochemicals (monomers, bulk chemicals). Fine Chem.(pharma , agrochemical, fragrance, textile, coating, surfactants, laundry etc) Environmental Catalysis(auto exhaust, den Ox, DOC)

Future of catalyst industries

We are entering a new era in Dutch catalysis research. During the coming decade, we will encounter and surmount new barriers. The 21st century demands technology ensuring cleaner and more sustainable production methods. We can gain inspiration from the natural environment we want to protect. Catalytic processes in nature are often more benign than in industry. There is plenty of room for improvement. The dream is to bring about chemical production methods in which all aspects are fully controlled and coordinated with no by-products and no excess or wasted energy, using small chemical plants that automatically adjust to the conditions in which they operate, located in close proximity to users. Energy consumption would approach the minimum required to bring about the chemical reactions. The main focusing will be on Nano structured heterogeneous catalyst Molecular catalyst system Predictive catalyst New catalyst conversions

Chapter 2 Company profile

founded in 1940 on the brink of the second world war, dr. Haldor topsoe started the company based on a commitment to heterogeneous catalysis.

the company is governed by the notion that only through fundamental science can we continue to offer our clients the best, and the past 60 years offer an on-going tale of improving catalysis. this notion still governs the companys business activities: research - technology - catalysts the synergy between research and development, process design, engineering, catalyst production and sales form the basis of the continuous optimization of our catalysts and technologies. topsoes research activities are focused according to feedback from industrial practice. Engineering design parameters are firmly based on in-house knowledge and technology resulting from research and development efforts. our catalysts and processes are developed in close collaboration between research, engineering, and production, ensuring the creation of catalysts and processes, which meet and exceed clients expectations.