Verification

NX Nastran Verication Manual
Proprietary & Restricted Rights Notice
2007 UGS Corp. All Rights Reserved. This software and related documentation are proprietary to UGS Corp. NASTRAN is a registered trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NX Nastran is an enhanced proprietary version developed and maintained by UGS Corp. MSC is a registered trademark of MSC.Software Corporation. MSC.Nastran and MSC.Patran are trademarks of MSC.Software Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Contents
Part I: Introduction Overview of the Verication Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Running the Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Part II: Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Point Load on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading . . . . . . . . . Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam . . . Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element Axial Loading on Rod Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap . . . . . . . . . . Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strain Energy of a Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-3 4-5 4-7 4-9 4-11 4-13 4-15 4-17 4-19 4-21 4-23 4-25
Part III: Linear Statics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . 5-1 Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Elliptic Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cylindrical Shell Patch Test . . . . . . . . . . . . Hemisphere-Point Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z-Section Cantilever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skew Plate Normal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . Axisymmetric Cylinder/Sphere Pressure . Axisymmetric Shell Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . Thick Plate Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 . 6-6 6-10 6-13 6-15 6-17 6-21 6-25 6-30
Contents
Part IV: Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions . . . 7-1 Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 Natural Frequency of Circular Ring with Axisymmetric Model . . . . . . Undamped Free Vibration Single Degree of Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration Principle Modes Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 8-3 8-5 8-7 8-8 8-10 8-12 8-14
Part V: Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Beam Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 Pin-ended Cross In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration . . . . . . Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses . . . . . . . . . Deep Simply-Supported Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circular Ring In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration Cantilevered Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 10-4 10-7 10-9 10-11 10-14 10-16
Shell Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Thin Square Cantilevered Plate Symmetric Modes . . . . Thin Square Cantilevered Plate Anti-symmetric Modes Free Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simply Supported Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh . . . . Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A . . . . . . . . . Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B . . . . . . . . . Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilevered Square Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilevered Tapered Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Free Annular Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilevered Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 . 11-4 . 11-7 11-10 11-13 11-16 11-19 11-24 11-27 11-30 11-33 11-36 11-39 11-42 11-45
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Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1 Free Cylinder Axisymmetric Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thick Hollow Sphere Uniform Radial Vibration . . . . . . . Simply Supported Annular Plate Axisymmetric Vibration Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilevered Solid Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1 . 12-4 . 12-7 12-10 12-13 12-16 12-19
Part VI: Verication Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens Overview of Verication Test Cases Provided by the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1 Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2 Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod Elements . . 14-1 Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports . . . . . . . Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element . . . . . Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe . . . . . . . . . . Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch . . . . . . . . . . . Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss Articulated Plane Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beam on an Elastic Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1 14-3 14-5 14-8 14-11 14-14 14-18
Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements . . . . . . . . . 15-1 Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Innite Plate with a Circular Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Torque Loading on a Square Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinched Cylindrical Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spherical Shell with a Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate . . Shear Loading on a Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1 . 15-4 . 15-7 15-10 15-13 15-17 15-21 15-25 15-29 15-32 15-35 15-38 15-42 15-45
Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . 16-1 Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Innite Cylinder . . Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thick Plate Clamped at Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1 . 16-7 16-11 16-15 16-19
Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1 Lumped Mass-Spring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1 Short Beam on Simple Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-4
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Axial Loading on a Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section Thin Circular Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points . . . . . . . . Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass . . . . . Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free) . . . . . . . . . . . . Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell . . . . Bending of a Symmetric Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hovgaards Problem Pipes with Flexible Elbows . . . Rectangular Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. 17-8 17-10 17-13 17-16 17-19 17-23 17-26 17-29 17-32 17-35 17-38 17-41 17-44
Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and Model Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1 Transient Response of a Spring-Mass System with Acceleration Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1 Transient Response of a Clamped-free Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-5 Stationary Thermal Tests Heat Transfer Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1 Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures . . . . . . . . Hollow Cylinder - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection Wall-Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wall-Fixed Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orthotropic Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection . Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-2 . 19-5 . 19-7 19-10 19-13 19-16 19-18 19-21 19-25 19-28
Thermo-mechanical Tests Linear Statics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1 Orthotropic Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1 Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-5 Simply-Supported Arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-8 Part VII: Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verication Using NAFEMS Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1 Understanding the Verication Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1 Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . . . . . . . Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests . . . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1 . 22-6 22-11 22-16 22-21 22-27
Contents
Part VIII: Geometric Nonlinear Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verication Using NAFEMS Test Cases . . . 23-1 Understanding the Verication Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-1 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-1 Straight Cantilever with End Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-1 Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-6 Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-10 Lees Frame Buckling Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-15 Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under Uniform Pressure Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-18 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-20 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-20
Part
Introduction
Overview of the Verication Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Running the Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Chapter
1 Overview of the Verication Manual
This guide contains verication test cases for NX Nastran. These test cases verify the function of the different NX Nastran analysis types using theoretical and benchmark solutions from well-known engineering test cases. Each test case contains test case data and information, such as element type and material properties, results, and references. The guide contains test cases for: Linear Statics verication using theoretical solutions Linear Statics verication using standard NAFEMS benchmarks Normal Mode Dynamics verication using theoretical solutions Normal Mode Dynamics verication using standard NAFEMS benchmarks Verication Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) verication using standard NAFEMS benchmarks (NX Nastran only) Geometric Nonlinear verication using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
1-1
Chapter
Running the Test Cases
All verication test cases are available as *.dat les and are included in the NX Nastran installation in the directory path install_dir/NXr/nast/demo. The test cases are relatively simple, and most have closed-form theoretical solutions. Differences between nite element and theoretical solutions are in most cases negligible. Some tests would require an innite number of elements to achieve an exact solution. Elements are chosen to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times. Actual results from NX Nastran may vary insignicantly from the results presented in this document. This variation is generally due to different methods of performing real number algorithms on different systems.
2-1
Part
II Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions
Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Chapter
3 Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of the NX Nastran software using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of them have closed-form theoretical solutions. The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well-known engineering texts. For each test case, a specic reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of this topic. The nite element method is very exible in the types of physical problems represented. The verication tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent common types of applications. This overview provides information on the following: Understanding the test case format Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions References
3.1
Understanding the Test Case Format
Each test case is structured with the following information. Test case data and information: Physical and material properties Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints) Units Solution type Element type Boundary conditions (loads, restraints)
Results
3-1
Chapter 3
Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions
References (text from which a closed-form or theoretical solution was taken)
In addition to these example problems, test cases from NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.) have been executed. Results for these test cases can be found in the next section, Linear Statics Analysis Verication Using NAFEMS Standard Benchmarks.
3.2
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions
While differences in nite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some tests would require an innite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are chosen to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times. Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution. Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and nite element solutions are carried out with the same signicant digits of accuracy. The closed-form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that do not exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the nite element model, but are used for comparison purposes. Verication to real world problems is more difcult but should be done when possible. The actual results from the NX Nastran software may vary insignicantly from the results presented in this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real numerical arithmetic on different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations which have been made to improve results under certain circumstances.
3.3
References
The following references have been used in the Linear Statics Analysis verication problems presented: 1. Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. 2. Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis. New York Macmillan1959. 3. Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 5th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1975. 4. Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1983. 5. Timoshenko, S. Strength of Materials, Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems. New YorK: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955.
3-2
Chapter
Test Cases
4.1
Point Load on a Cantilever Beam
Determine the deection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the
beam.
Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl001.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
4-1
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Cross Sectional Properties

Area = 30 x 30 in. Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4
Material Properties
E = 30E06 psi
Finite Element Modeling

Create four successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.
Loads Set grid force to 50,000 lb in. the -Y direction.
Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear Statics
Results
Result Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) Y Deection, grid point 5 (in) Bench Value 5333. 0.9102 NX Nastran 5333. 0.9130
References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 716.
4-2
Test Cases
4.2
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam
Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to an axial loading along a linear beam
element.

Input Files
mstvl002.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 300 in.

Area = 9 in.2 square cross section (3 in. x 3 in.) I = 6.75 in.4
Material Properties
E = 30E+6 psi

Create 30 beam element along the X axis, each 10 inches long.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Restrain one end of the beam in all six degrees.
Loads Set the axial distributed load (force per unit length) to 1000 lb/in. for the 10-inch long element furthest from the restrained end in the X direction.
4-3
Chapter 4
Test Cases
The boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
Solution Type
Results
Result Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) Deection in X, grid point 2 (in) Reaction in X, grid point 1 (lb) Bench Value 1111. 0.01111 1.000E4 NX Nastran 1111. 0.01093 1.000E4
References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials.. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 76.
4-4
Test Cases
4.3
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam
Determine the deection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the beam and the reaction force at the restrained end.

Input Files
mstvl003.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.

Area = 900 in.2 Square cross section (30 in. x 30 in.) Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4
Material Properties
E = 30E06 psi

Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints
4-5
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.
Loads Dene a distributed load of 250 lb/in. in the Y direction.
Solution Type
Results
Result X Stress at grid point 1 (psi) Deection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) Reaction Force Magnitude at grid point 1 (lb) Bench Value 6,400. 0.8190 1.200E5 NX Nastran 6,383. 0.8225 * 1.200E5
* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.
References
4-6
Test Cases
4.4
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam
Determine the deection of a beam at the free end. Determine the bending stress of the beam and the reaction force at the restrained end.

Input Files
mstvl004.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.

Area = 900 in.2 Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4 Square cross section 30 x 30 inches
Material Properties
E = 30 E+06 psi

Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints
4-7
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.
Loads Set the Z-moment of the end grid point to 2.5E06 in.-lb.
Solution Type
Results
Result Von Mises Stress at grid point 1 (psi) Deection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) Reaction Force Z Direction at grid point 1 (lb) Bench Value 555.6 0.1422 2.500E6 NX Nastran 555.6 0.1422 2.499E6
* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.
References
4-8
Test Cases
4.5
Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading
Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to a torque applied to a hollow cylinder at the free end.

Input Files
mstvl005.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
Length = 1.5 m

Radius1 = 0.02 m Radius2 = .03 m
Material Properties
E = 208.6 GPa

Create a CBAR element along the X axis.
4-9
Chapter 4
Test Cases
To nd the maximum shearing stress, set the effective radius in torsion to 0.03 m. The minimum shearing stress is located at a radius equal to 0.02 m.
Boundary Conditions
Loads Apply an edge torque equal to 4.08 kN-m along the 10 cm linear beam (CBAR) element furthest from the restrained end.
Solution Type
Results
Result Max Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) Min Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) Bench Value 120.0 80.00 NX Nastran 120.0 80.00
Post Processing
To obtain the minimum and maximum shear stress values, a post processor which supports contour plots of the torsional shear stress on the cross section using the linear beam (CBAR) element forces must be used. The cross section location can be anywhere except the free end of the beam.
References
4-10
Test Cases
4.6
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam
A beam originally 1 meter long and at 50 C is heated to 25 C. First, determine the displacement and thermal strain on a cantilever beam. Fix the beam at the free end and then determine the displacement, reaction forces, and stresses along the beam. Next, x the beam at both ends.

Input Files
mstvl007.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
Length = 1 m

Area = 0.01 m2
Material Properties
E = 2.068E11 Pa Coefcient of thermal expansion = 1.2E05 v = 0.3
4-11
Chapter 4
Test Cases

Create 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements on the X axis and restrain the end grids in all directions. Apply a temperature on all grid points.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Case 1: Restrain one end of the beam in all six directions. Case 2: Restrain both ends of the beam in all six directions.
Loads Set grid temperatures to 25C. Set the reference temperature to 50C.
Solution Type
Results
Case 1 Result X Displacement at grid 11 (m) Axial Thermal Strain Case 2 Result X Displacement (m) Axial Stress (Pa) X Reaction Force (N) Bench Value 0 1.860E8 1.860E6 NX Nastran 0 1.861E8 1.861E6 Bench Value .0009000 .0009000 NX Nastran .0009000 .0009000
References
4-12
Test Cases
4.7
Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam
A beam 40 feet long is restrained and loaded as shown with a distributed load of 833 lbs. per foot. Determine the bending stress and the deection at the middle of the beam.

Input Files
mstvl008.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
4-13
Chapter 4
Test Cases

Rectangular cross section (1.17 in. x 43.24 in.) Iz = 7892 in.4
Material Properties
E = 30E06 psi

Create 4 successive linear beam (CBAR) elements that are each 10 feet long.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Restrain the second and the fourth grids in ve degrees of freedom. Do not restrain rotation about Z.
Loads Dene a distributed load (force per unit length) of 833 lb/foot (global negative Y direction) on the end elements.
Solution Type
Results
Result Y Displacement at grid 3 (in.) Max bending stress (psi) Bench Value 0.1820 1.644E4 NX Nastran 0.182 1.644E4
References
4-14
Test Cases
4.8
Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element
A circle is scribed on an unstressed aluminum plate. Forces acting in the plane of the plate cause normal stresses. Determine the change in the length of diameter AB and of diameter CD.

Element Types
cquad4
Input Files
mstvl009.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 15 in. Diameter = 9 in.
4-15
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Thickness = 3/4 in.
Material Properties
E = 10E06 psi Poissons ratio = 1/3 F(x)/L = 9,000 lb/in. F(z)/L = 15,000 lb/in.

Create 1/4 of the model and apply symmetry boundary conditions. Then multiply the answer by 2 for correct results. Remember to account for the ratio of the circle diameter to plate length.
Boundary Conditions
Loads Set the edge pressure to 9,000 lb/in. in the X direction and 15,000 lb/in. in the Z direction.
Solution Type
Results
Result X Diameter Change (in.) Z Diameter Change (in.) Bench Value 4.800E3 14.40E3 NX Nastran 4.800E3 14.40E3
Post Processing
Deection (dx at grid point 7 dx at grid point 10) x 2 = (0.004 0.0016) x 2 = 0.0048 (dz at grid point 7 dz at grid point 24) x 2 = (0.012 0.0048) x 2 = 0.0144
References
4-16
Test Cases
4.9
Axial Loading on Rod Element
Determine the stress, elongation, and strain due to an axial load on a rod element.

Input Files
mstvl011.dat
Units
SI - meters
Model Geometry
Length = 10 m

Area = 0.01 m2
Material Properties
E = 200.0 GPa

Create a rod (CROD) element along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Restrain an end of the rod in the 3 translational degrees.
Loads Apply a grid point force in the positive X-direction of 500 kN.
Solution Type
Results
Result Axial Stress (MPa) Axial Strain Elongation (mm) Bench Value 50.00 0.0002500 2.500 NX Nastran 50.00 0.0002500 2.500
4-17
Chapter 4
Test Cases
References
4-18
Test Cases
4.10
Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap
Determine the stress on a beam as it expands thermally and closes a 0.002 inch gap. It is initially at 70 F and is heated to 170 F.

Input Files
mstvl013.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 3 in.
Material Properties
E = 1.05E07 psi Coefcient of thermal expansion = 1.25E05 in./(in.F)

Create a single linear beam (CBAR) element on the X axis.
4-19
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Create an MPC to dene the closing of the gap.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Restrain the free end of the beam in all six degrees.
Loads Set grid temperature to 170 F. Set the reference temperature to 70 F.
Solution Type
Results
Result Axial Stress (psi) Bench Value 6.125E3 NX Nastran 6.125E3
References
Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis 1959. p. 58.
4-20
Test Cases
4.11
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension
Determine the stress and deection of a thin wall cylinder with a uniform axial load.

Input Files
mstvl014.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
R = 0.5 in. Thickness = 0.01 in. y = 1.0 in.
4-21
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Material Properties
E = 10,000 psi = 0.3

Create 1/4 model of the cylinder with thin shell linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements and symmetry boundary conditions.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Restrain edges of symmetry, in translation, in hoop direction, and rotation about Z axis. Restrain one end in Y direction.
Loads Apply membrane edge pressure of p / (pi)D = 3.1831 where p = 10 psi
Solution Type
Results
Result Axial (Z) Stress (psi) Axial (Z) Deection (in.) Radial Deection (in.) Bench Value 1.000E3 1.000 0.01500 NX Nastran 1.000E3 1.000 0.01500
References
Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1989. p. 518, Case 1a.
4-22
Test Cases
4.12
Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bending
Determine the maximum stress, maximum deection, and strain energy of a thin shell beam wall with a uniform bending load.

Input Files
mstvl015.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 30 in. Width = 5 in. Thickness = 0.1 in.
4-23
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Material Properties
E = 30E06 psi = 0.03

Create a 30 in. x 5 in. plate with thing shell (CQUAD4) elements.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints Restrain at one of the ends in all directions.
Loads Apply edge pressure of p/w = 1.2 lbs/in. where p = 6.0 lb.
Solution Type
Results
Result Max Z Deection (in.) Max Z Stress (psi) Total Strain Energy (lb in.) Bench Value 4.320 2.160E4 12.96 NX Nastran 4.264 1.980E4 12.79
References
Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1983. pp. 134, 804.
4-24
Test Cases
4.13
Strain Energy of a Truss
Determine the strain energy of a truss. The cross-sectional area of the diagonal members is twice the cross-sectional area of the horizontal and vertical members.

Input Files
mstvl016.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 10 in.

Cross-sectional area (A) = 0.01 in.2
Material Properties
E = 30E06 psi

Create truss shown using rod (CROD) elements.
Boundary Conditions
Restraints
4-25
Chapter 4
Test Cases
Restrain far left grid in directions: X, Y, Z, RX, RY. Restrain far right grid in directions: Y, Z, RX, RY.
Loads Apply grid force in Y direction on lower center grid; F= 300 lb.
Solution Type
Results
Result Total Strain Energy (lb in.) Bench Value 5.846 NX Nastran 5.846
References
4-26
Part
III Linear Statics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Chapter
5 Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using standard benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.). These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the nite elements in commercial software. All results obtained using NX Nastran compare favorably with other commercial nite element analysis software.
5.1
Each test case is structured with the following information: Test case data and information Physical and material properties Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints) Units Finite element modeling information Boundary conditions (loads and restraints) Solution type
Results Reference
5.2
Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases: NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.
5-1
Chapter
Test Cases
6.1
Elliptic Membrane
This test is a linear elastic analysis of an elliptic membrane (shown below) using coarse and ne meshes of plane stress elements and thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE1.
Ellipses:

Input Files
le101.dat (plane stress quadrilateral) le102.dat (plane stress triangle) le103.dat (thin shell)
6-1
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Physical and Material Properties

Thickness = 0.1 m Isotropic material E = 210E3 MPa v = 0.3
Units
SI

Plane stress (only MID1 dened on PSHELL) linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals coarse and ne mesh. Plane stress (only MID1 dened on PSHELL) linear (CTRI3) and parabolic (CTRI6) triangles coarse and ne mesh. Thin shell (MID1, MID2 and MID3 dened on PSHELL) linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals coarse and ne mesh. The ne mesh is created by approximately halving the coarse mesh.
6-2
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
Uniform outward pressure at outer edge BC = 10 MPa Inner curved edge AD unloaded X displacement (edge AB) = 0
6-3
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Y displacement (edge CD) = 0
Solution Type
Results
Output tangential edge stress at D (stress in Y direction)
Plane Stress Elements

Test case Linear quad coarse mesh Linear quad ne mesh Parabolic quad coarse mesh Parabolic quad ne mesh Linear triangle coarse mesh Linear triangle ne mesh Grid point # 4.000 204.0 104.0 304.0 4.000 204.0 Bench Value 92.70 92.70 92.70 92.70 92.70 92.70 NX Nastran 62.10 79.60 84.00 88.70 52.90 70.90
Parabolic triangle coarse mesh Parabolic triangle ne mesh
104.0 304.0
92.70 92.70
76.80 93.60
Thin Shell Elements

Test case Linear quad coarse mesh Grid point # 4.000 Bench Value 92.70 NX Nastran 62.10
6-4
Test Cases
Test case Linear quad ne mesh Parabolic quad coarse mesh Parabolic quad ne mesh
Grid point # 204.0 104.0 304.0
Bench Value 92.70 92.70 92.70
NX Nastran 79.60 84.00 88.70
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE1. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.
6-5
Chapter 6
Test Cases
6.2
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a cylindrical shell (shown below) using thin shell elements and two different loadings. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE2.

Input Files
le201a.dat (linear shell, case 1) le201b.dat (parabolic shell, case 1) le202a.dat (linear shell, case 2) le202b.dat (parabolic shell, case 2)

6-6
Test Cases
Units
SI

Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals
Boundary Conditions
Translations and rotations (edge AB) = 0 Z translations and normal rotations (edge AD and edge BC) = 0
Case 1 loading: Uniform normal edge moment on DC = 1.0 kNm/m
Case 2 loading: Uniform outward normal pressure at mid-surface ABCD = 0.6 MPa Tangential outward normal pressure on edge DC = 60.0 MPa
6-7
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Solution Type
Results
Output outer (convex) surface tangential stress at point E (grid point 2): Test case Linear quad case 1 Linear quad case 2 Parabolic quad case 1 Parabolic quad case 2 Bench Value 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 NX Nastran 51.80 54.00* 51.10 55.10
* Since the shapes of the shells are an approximation to a cylindrical surface, an edge load will not be in the correct direction. To get this result, the edge load must be input as grid forces in the tangential direction.
Post Processing
Stress component: Y
6-8
Test Cases
Results obtained on the element top surface in cylindrical coordinate system
References
6-9
Chapter 6
Test Cases
6.3
Hemisphere-Point Loads
This test is a linear elastic analysis of hemisphere point loads (shown below) using coarse and ne meshes of thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE3.

Input Files
le301.dat (linear quad, coarse mesh) le302.dat (linear quad, ne mesh) le303.dat (parabolic quad, coarse mesh) le304.dat (parabolic quad, ne mesh)

Thickness = 0.04 m Isotropic material E = 68.25 103 MPa v = 0.3
6-10
Test Cases
Units
SI

Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals coarse and ne mesh Equally spaced grid points on AC, CE, EA Point G at X = Y = Z = 10 /( 31/2) grid point 7
Boundary Conditions
Edge AE symmetry about XZ plane (y = rotation x = rotation z = 0) Edge CE symmetry about YZ plane (x = rotation y = rotation z = 0) Point E (x = y = z = 0) All other displacements on edge AC are free. Concentrated radial load outward at A = 2KN Concentrated radial load inward at C = 2KN
6-11
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Solution Type
Results
Output X displacement at point A Mesh linear quad coarse mesh linear quad ne mesh parabolic quad coarse mesh parabolic quad ne mesh Test Case le301 le302 le303 le304 Bench Value NX Nastran 0.1850 0.1850 0.1850 0.1850 0.1890 0.1870 0.1420 0.1710
References
6-12
Test Cases
6.4
Z-Section Cantilever
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a Z-section cantilever (shown below) using thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE5.

Input Files
le501.dat (linear quadrilateral) le502.dat (parabolic quadrilateral)

Units
SI

Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals
Boundary Conditions
All displacements on edges B1, B2, B3 = 0 Torque of 1.2MN applied at end C by two edge shears (at C1 & C3) of 0.6 MN
6-13
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Solution Type
Results
Output averaged axial stress at mid-surface, point A, grid point 30 (compression) Result Linear quad - point A/grid point 30 Parabolic quad - point A/grid point 30 Bench Value 108.0 108.0 NX Nastran 111.0 109.3
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE5. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.
6-14
Test Cases
6.5
Skew Plate Normal Pressure
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a plate (shown below) using thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE6.

Input Files
le601.dat (linear and parabolic quad) le602.dat (linear and parabolic triangle)

Units
SI

Thin shelllinear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals coarse and ne mesh Thin shell linear (CTRI3) and parabolic (CTRI6) triangles coarse and ne mesh
Boundary Conditions
Simple supports Z displacement = 0 Normal pressure = 0.7KPa in the Z direction
6-15
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Solution Type
Results
Output maximum principal stress on the bottom surface at the plate center.
Case le601
Mesh Linear quad coarse mesh Linear quad ne mesh Parabolic quad coarse mesh Parabolic quad ne mesh Grid point # 9.000 18.00 43.00 52.00 Bench Value NX Nastran 0.8020 0.8020 0.8020 0.8020 0.3250 0.6830 0.6250 0.7190
Case le602
Mresh Linear triangle coarse mesh Linear triangle ne mesh Parabolic triangle coarse mesh Parabolic triangle ne mesh Grid point # 9.000 18.00 43.00 52.00 Bench Value 0.8020 0.8020 0.8020 0.8020 NX Nastran 0.3960 0.7200 0.9260 0.8570
References
6-16
Test Cases
6.6
Axisymmetric Cylinder/Sphere Pressure
This test is a linear elastic analysis of an axisymmetric cylinder (shown below) using axisymmetric shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE7.

Input Files
le701a.dat (coarse linear mesh) le701b.dat (ne linear mesh)

Units
SI
6-17
Chapter 6
Test Cases

Axisymmetric shell coarse and ne mesh Elements uniformly spaced between points A, B, C, D, E, F
Boundary Conditions
Point A radial displacement and rotation = 0 Point F axial displacement (z direction) = 0 Uniform internal pressure = 1 MPa
6-18
Test Cases
Solution Type
Results
Output axial stress on outer surface at point D
2-noded axisymmetric shell

Mesh Coarse mesh Fine mesh Bench Value 25.86 25.86 NX Nastran 25.30 25.65
3-noded axisymmetric shell

Mesh Coarse mesh Fine mesh Bench Value 25.86 25.86 NX Nastran 26.16 25.99
Post Processing
2-noded axisymmetric shell z at grid point 8
6-19
Chapter 6
Test Cases
z at grid point 15
3-noded axisymmetric shell z at grid point 33 z at grid point 43
References
6-20
Test Cases
6.7
Axisymmetric Shell Pressure
This test is a linear elastic analysis of axisymmetric shell pressure (shown below) using axisymmetric shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE8.

Input Files
le801.dat (linear) le801a.dat (parabolic)

Units
SI
6-21
Chapter 6
Test Cases

Axisymmetric shell coarse and ne mesh Elements uniformly spaced between points A, B, C, D, E
Boundary Conditions
Point E radial displacement and rotation = 0 Point A Z-displacement = 0 Uniform internal pressure = 1 MPa
6-22
Test Cases
Solution Type
Linear Statics
Results
Output hoop stress on outer surface at point D 2-noded axisymmetric shell Mesh Coarse mesh Fine mesh 3-noded axisymmetric shell Mesh Coarse mesh Fine mesh Bench Value 94.55 94.55 NX Nastran 89.04 94.88 Bench Value 94.55 94.55 NX Nastran 82.57 83.14
Post Processing
2-noded axisymmetric shell Fine Mesh Grid point 29 Y stress
6-23
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Bottom surface
Coarse Mesh Grid point 73 Y stress Bottom surface
3-noded axisymmetric shell Fine Mesh Grid point 25 Y stress Bottom surface
Coarse Mesh Grid point 1 Y stress Bottom surface
References
6-24
Test Cases
6.8
Thick Plate Pressure
This article provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE10. This test is a linear elastic analysis of a thick (shown below) using coarse and ne meshes of solid elements.
Ellipses:

Input Files
le1001.dat (linear and parabolic brick) le1002.dat (linear and parabolic wedge) le1003.dat (linear and parabolic tetrahedron)

Isotropic material E = 210E3 MPa v = 0.3
Units
SI

Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic - coarse and ne mesh
6-25
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear and parabolic - coarse and ne mesh Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) - linear and parabolic - coarse and ne mesh Solid Brick
6-26
Test Cases
Solid Wedge
Solid Tetrahedron ne mesh only
Boundary Conditions
Uniform normal pressure on the upper surface of the plate = 1 MPa Inner curved edge AD unloaded X and Y displacements on faces DCDC and ABAB = 0 X and Y displacements on face BCBC are xed
6-27
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Z displacements along mid-plane are xed
Solution Type
Results
Output direct stress at point Dyy
Test Case 1e1001

Mesh Linear brick coarse mesh Linear brick ne mesh Parabolic brick coarse mesh Parabolic brick ne mesh Grid point # 4.000 204.0 104.0 304.0 Bench Value 5.500 5.500 5.500 5.500 NX Nastran 5.410 5.670 6.130 6.040
Test Case 1e1002

Mesh Linear wedge coarse mesh Linear wedge ne mesh Parabolic wedge coarse mesh Parabolic wedge ne mesh Grid point # 4.000 204.0 104.0 304.0 Bench Value 5.500 5.500 5.500 5.500 NX Nastran 5.940 5.830 5.320 6.010
Test Case 1e1003

Result Linear tetra ne mesh Grid point # 40.00 Bench Value 5.500 NX Nastran 2.410
6-28
Test Cases
Result Parabolic tetra ne mesh
Grid point # 171.0
Bench Value 5.500
NX Nastran 5.280
References
6-29
Chapter 6
Test Cases
6.9
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere Temperature
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a solid cylinder with a temperature gradient (shown below) using coarse and ne meshes of solid elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE11.

Input Files
le1101a.dat (linear brick coarse mesh) le1101b.dat (linear brick ne mesh) le1102a.dat (parabolic brick coarse mesh) le1102b.dat (parabolic brick ne mesh) le1103a.dat (linear wedge coarse mesh) le1103b.dat (linear wedge ne mesh) le1104a.dat (parabolic wedge coarse mesh) le1104b.dat (parabolic wedge ne mesh) le1105a.dat (linear tetra coarse mesh)
6-30
Test Cases
le1105b.dat (linear tetra ne mesh) le1106a.dat (parabolic tetra coarse mesh) le1106b.dat (parabolic tetra ne mesh)

Isotropic material E = 210E3 MPa v = 0.3 a = 2.3E4 C
Units
SI

Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic coarse and ne mesh Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear (6 grid point) and parabolic (15 grid point) coarse and ne mesh Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) linear and parabolic coarse and ne mesh
6-31
Chapter 6
Test Cases
Solid Brick
Solid Tetrahedron
6-32
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
Linear temperature gradient in the radial and axial direction T C = (X2 + Y2)1/2 + Z X, Y, and Z displacements = 0 X and Y displacements on face BCBC are xed Z displacements on XY-plane face and HIHI face = 0
Solution Type
Results
Output - direct stress yy at point A File Name le1101a le1101b le1102a le1102b le1103a Result Linear brick coarse mesh Linear brick ne mesh Parabolic brick coarse mesh Parabolic brick ne mesh Linear wedge coarse mesh Grid point at Point A Bench Value 30.00 71.00 67.00 159.0 33.00 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 NX Nastran 88.29 93.68 100.4 111.2 10.00
6-33
Chapter 6
Test Cases
File Name le1103b le1104a le1104b le1105a le1105b le1106a le1106b
Result Linear wedge ne mesh Parabolic wedge coarse mesh
Grid point at Point A Bench Value 74.00 71.00 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0
NX Nastran 48.30 87.20 96.20 31.40 65.20 89.60 97.30
Parabolic wedge ne 187.0 mesh Linear tetra coarse mesh Linear tetra ne mesh Parabolic tetra coarse mesh Parabolic tetra ne mesh 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000
References
6-34
Part
IV Normal Mode Dynamics Verication
Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Chapter
7 Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of them have closed-form theoretical solutions. The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well known engineering texts. For each test case, a specic reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of this topic. The nite element method is very exible in the types of physical problems represented. The verication tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent common types of applications. This overview provides information on the following: Understanding the test case format Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions References
7.1
Each test case is structured with the following information. Test case data and information: Physical and material properties Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints) Units Solution type Boundary conditions (loads and restraints/constraints)
Results Reference
7-1
Chapter 7
Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions
7.2
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions
While differences in nite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some tests would require an innite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are chosen to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times. Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution. Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and nite element solutions are carried out with the same signicant digits of accuracy. The closed-form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that do not exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the nite element model, but are used for comparison purposes. Verication to real world problems is more difcult but should be done when possible. The actual results from NX Nastran may vary insignicantly from the results presented in this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real numerical arithmetic on different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations which have been made to improve results under certain circumstances.
7.3
Reference
The following references have been used in the normal mode dynamics analysis verication problems presented: 1. Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979. 2. Timoshenko and Young. Vibration Problems in Engineering. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955. 3. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978. 4. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
7-2
Chapter
Test Cases
8.1
Natural Frequency of Circular Ring with Axisymmetric Model
Determine the frequency of radial vibration of an axisymmetric ring.

Input File
mstvn001.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Thickness = 0.05 in. Radius = 100 in.
Material Properties
Density = 0.00073 lb-sec2/in.4 E = 30E6 psi

Create a linear axisymmetric thin shell element (CCONEAX) .05 inches long at a radius of 100 inches from the center.
8-1
Chapter 8
Test Cases
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
Results
Result Frequency (Hz) Bench Value 322.6 NX Nastran 322.6
References
Timoshenko and Young. Vibration Problems in Engineering, p. 425. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955.
8-2
Test Cases
8.2
Undamped Free Vibration Single Degree of Freedom
Determine the natural frequency of the system shown.

Input File
mstvn002.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
Length = 0.5 m a = 0.3 m
Physical Properties
mass = 20 Kg k = 8 KN/m
8-3
Chapter 8
Test Cases

Create 5 rigid bar (RBAR) elements along the X axis. Each bar should be 0.1 m long. A lumped mass (CONM2) element is applied on the end grid point. A grid point-to-ground spring element (CELAS1) is applied 0.2 m from the lumped mass.
Boundary Conditions
Restrain the rst grid point to allow rotation only in the Z direction.
Solution Type
Results
Result Frequency (Hz) Bench Value 1.910 NX Nastran 1.910
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications, p. 75. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
8-4
Test Cases
8.3 Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration Principle Modes

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with two degrees of freedom.

Input File
mstvn003.dat
Units
SI- meter
8-5
Chapter 8
Test Cases
Element Types
Translational springs (CELAS1) Lumped mass (CONM2)
Physical Properties
Mass = 1 kg k = 1 N/m

Create four grid points on the Y axis. Create three linear springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N/m and with a uniaxial stiffness reference coordinate system. Create two lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass of 1 kg.
Boundary Conditions
Restrain ends in all directions. Restrain other grid points in all directions but Y.
Solution Type
Normal Mode Dynamics - SOL 103, Lanczos method
Results
Result Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) Frequency of Mode 2 (Hz) Bench Value 0.1592 0.2757 NX Nastran 0.1592 0.2757
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 145-149. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
8-6
Test Cases
8.4
Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System
Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with three degrees of freedom.

Input File
mstvn004.dat
Element Types
Rotational springs (CELAS1) Lumped mass (CONM2)
Units
SI meter
Physical Properties
J = J1 = J2 = J3 = 0.1 k = k1 = k2 = k3 = 1 N*m

Create four grid points on the X axis. Create three linear torsional springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N*m and with a stiffness reference coordinate system being uniaxial. Create three lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and with mass inertia system of: 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.
Boundary Conditions
Restrain one end in all directions. Restrain the other grid points in all directions but RX.
8-7
Chapter 8
Test Cases
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method
Results
Result Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) Frequency of Mode 2 (Hz) Frequency of Mode 3 (Hz) Bench Value 0.2240 0.6276 0.9069 NX Nastran 0.2240 0.6276 0.9069
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 153-155. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
8.5
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System
Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees of freedom are one translational and one rotational.

Input Files
mstvn005.dat
8-8
Test Cases
Units
SI - meter
Physical Properties
Mass = 1800 kg K1 = 42000 N/m K2 = 48000 N/m

Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K1 Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K2 Create a lumped mass element (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and mass inertia system of: 0.0, 0.0, 3528, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0. Create a three-noded rigid element (RBE2)
Boundary Conditions
Nodal displacement restraints Restrain grid points 4 and 5 in all directions. Restrain the other grid points in all directions but Y and RZ.
Solution Type
Results
Result Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) Frequency of Mode 2(Hz) Bench Value 1.086 1.496 NX Nastran 1.086 1.496
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978. pp. 150-153.
8-9
Chapter 8
Test Cases
8.6
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System
Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees of freedom are one translational and one rotational.

Input File
mstvn005.dat
Element Types
Translational springs (CELAS1) Lumped mass (CONM2) Rigid (RBE2)
Units
SI meter
Model Geometry
Length1 = 1.6 m Length2 = 2.0 m r = 1.4 m (gyration radius; J = m*r*r)
8-10
Test Cases
Physical Properties
mass = 1800 kg K1 = 42000 N/m K2 = 48000 N/m

Create ve grid points in the XY plane with the following coordinates: Grid point 1 = (0,0) Grid point 2 = (12,0) Grid point 3 = (L1,0) Grid point 4 = (L2,1) Grid point 5 = (L1,1)
Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K1 between grid point 1 and grid point 5. Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K2 between grid point 2 and grid point 4. Create a lumped mass element (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and mass inertia system of: 0.0, 0.0, 3528, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0. Create a three-grid-point rigid element (RBE2) using grid point 1, grid point 2, and grid point 3.
Boundary Conditions
Restrain grid points 4 and 5 in all directions. Restrain the other grid points in all directions but Y and RZ.
Solution Type
Results
Result Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) Frequency of Mode 2(Hz) Bench Value 1.086 1.496 NX Nastran 1.086 1.496
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, pp. 150-153. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
8-11
Chapter 8
Test Cases
8.7
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations
Determine the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam.

Input File
mstvn006.dat
Element Type
Linear beam (CBEAM)
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 100 in. Height = 2 in.

w = 1 lb/in. J = .10 Poissons ratio = .3
Calculated Data
A = h2 = 4 in2 I = h4/12 = 1.33333 G = E/2 1/1 + nu = 11538461.54 m = w/g = 2.59067375E3 Ip = Ixx + Iyy = 2.66666
8-12
Test Cases

Create 11 grid points on X axis. Create 10 linear beams (CBEAM) between grid points.
Boundary Conditions
Restrain one end grid point in all directions.
Solution Type
Results
Result Frequency of Modes 1 & 2 (Transverse Vibration) Frequency of Modes 3 & 4 (Transverse Vibration) Frequency of Mode 5 (Torsional Vibration) Frequency of Modes 6 & 7 (Transverse Vibration) Frequency of Mode 8 (Torsional Vibration) Frequency of Modes 9 & 10 (Transverse Vibration) Bench Value 6.953 43.58 64.68 122.0 193.9 238.8 NX Nastran 6.953 43.58 64.68 122.0 195.7 239.3
References
Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition, pp. 108,193. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.
8-13
Chapter 8
Test Cases
8.8
Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass
Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system consisting of a massless beam and a lumped mass at the end.

Input File
mstvn007.dat
Element Types
Linear beam (CBAR) Lumped mass (CONM2)
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 30 in.

Mass = 0.5 lbm E = 30E6 psi Density = 1.0E6 I = 1.5 in.4

Create 2 grid points on the X axis with coordinates (0,0,0) and (30,0,0). Create a linear beam (CBAR) element between grid points with shear area ratio = 0. Create a lumped mass (CONM2) on one grid point with mass of 0.5 lbm.
8-14
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
Restrain wall end in all directions. Restrain mass end in directions of Z, RX, and RY.
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method
Results
Result Mode 2 Frequency (Hz) Bench Value 15.92 NX Nastran 15.92
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, p. 72. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
8-15
Part
V Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . 9-1 Beam Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 Shell Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Chapter
9 Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using standard benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.). These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the nite elements in commercial software. All results obtained using NX Nastran compare favorably with other commercial nite element analysis software. Results of these test cases using other commercial nite element analysis software programs are available from NAFEMS.
9.1
Each test case is structured with the following information. Test case data and information: Units Physical and material properties Finite element modeling information Boundary conditions (loads and restraints/constraints) Solution type
Results Reference
9.2
Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases: NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
9-1
Chapter
10
Beam Element Test Cases
10.1
Pin-ended Cross In-plane Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended cross (shown below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 1.
Attributes of this test are: Coupling between exural and extensional behavior Repeated and close eigenvalues

Input Files
nf001ac.dat (linear consistent) nf001al.dat (linear lumped)
Units
SI
10-1
Chapter 10

Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio: Y=0 Z=0
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 =8000 kg/m3 = 0.29 (Poissons ratio) G = 8.01E10

Four linear beam (CBAR) elements per arm
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D Z = Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = 1)
10-2
Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 11.34 17.71 17.71 45.35 57.39 57.39 NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 11.34 17.69 17.72 45.48 57.36 57.68 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 11.33 17.66 17.69 45.02 56.06 56.34 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 11.34 17.69 17.72 45.52 57.43 57.75
1 2, 3 4 5 6, 7 8
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 1. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
10-3
Chapter 10
10.2
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended double cross (shown below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 2.
Attributes of this test are: Coupling between exural and extensional behavior Repeated and close eigenvalues

Input Files
Units
SI

Key-in section: Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio: Y=0 Z=0
10-4
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3

Boundary Conditions
X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H Z = Rx= Ry = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 11.34 17.71 NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 11.34 17.69 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 11.33 17.66 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 11.34 17.69
1 2, 3
10-5
Chapter 10
Mode
Reference Value (Hz) 17.71 45.35 57.39 57.39
NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 17.72 45.48 57.36 57.68
NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 17.69 45.02 56.06 56.34
NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 17.72 45.52 57.43 57.75
4, 5, 6, 7,8 9 10, 11 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 2. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
10-6
10.3
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free square frame (shown below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 3.
Attributes of this test are: Coupling between exural and extensional behavior Rigid body modes (3 modes) Repeated and close eigenvalues

Input Files
Units
SI

Shear ratio: Y = 1.0 Z = 1.0
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3
10-7
Chapter 10

Boundary Conditions
Rotations xed, translations free
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 3.261 5.668 11.14 12.85 24.57 28.70 NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 3.262 5.665 11.15 12.83 24.66 28.81 NX Nastran NX Nastran Result (lumped Result (coupled mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz) 3.259 5.660 10.89 12.74 23.53 28.13 3.259 5.663 11.13 12.80 24.64 28.73
4 5 6, 7 8 9 10, 11
References
10-8
10.4
Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilever with off-center point masses (shown below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis,Test 4.
Attributes of this test are: Coupling between torsional and exural behavior Inertial axis non-coincident with exibility axis Discrete lumped mass, rigid links Close eigenvalues

Input Files
nf004a.dat
Units
SI

Shear ratio: Y = 1.128 Z = 1.128
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
2

Five linear beam (CBAR) elements along cantilever
10-9
Chapter 10
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz = 0 at A
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos (Parameter COUPMASS = 1)
Results
Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reference Value (Hz) 1.723 1.727 7.413 9.972 18.16 26.96 NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 1.723 1.727 7.413 9.972 18.16 26.97 NX Nastran Result (Hz) 1.714 1.720 7.554 9.954 17.68 26.78
References
10-10
10.5
Deep Simply-Supported Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep simply supported beam (shown below). This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 5.
Attributes of this test are: Shear deformation and rotary inertial (Timoshenko beam) Possibility of missing extensional modes when using iteration solution methods Repeated eigenvalues

Input Files
nf005ac.dat (linear consistent, param coupmass = 1) nf005al.dat (linear lumped, param coupmass = 1)
Units
SI

Shear ratio: Y = 1.176923 Z = 1.176923
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
10-11
Chapter 10

Five linear beam elements (CBEAM)
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Rx =0 at A Y = Z = 0 at B
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 42.65 77.54 125.0 148.3 233.1 284.6 NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 42.57 77.84 125.5 145.5 241.2 267.0 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 43.15 77.20 124.5 149.9 224.1 271.0 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 43.26 77.84 125.5 154.9 241.2 306.7
1, 2 (exural) 3 (torsional) 4 (extensional) 5, 6 (exural) 7 (torsional) 8, 9 (exural)
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 5. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
10-12
Chapter 10
10.6
Circular Ring In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a circular ring (shown below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 6.
Attributes of this test are: Rigid body modes (six modes) Repeated eigenvalues

Input Files
nf006ac.dat (param coupmass = 1) nf006al.dat (param coupmass = 1)
Units
SI

Shear ratio: Y = 1.128205 Z = 1.128205
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
10-14

20 linear beam (CBAR) elements
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz active Model is unsupported.
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways: Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1) Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 51.85 53.38 148.8 NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 52.29 53.97 149.7 152.4 288.3 288.3 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 51.63 54.05 146.9 152.2 280.4 289.2 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 52.38 53.80 149.7 151.5 287.4 289.1
7, 8 (out of plane) 9, 10 (in plane) 11, 12 (out of plane)
13, 14 (in plane) 151.0 15 (out of plane) 287.0 16 (in plane) 289.5
References
10-15
Chapter 10
10.7
Cantilevered Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered beam (shown below). This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 71.
Attributes of this test are: Ill-conditioned stiffness matrix

Input Files
nf071a.dat (Test 1) nf071b.dat (Test 2) nf071c.dat (Test 3)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 =8000 kg/m3

Three tests all use linear beam (CBAR) elements Test 1: a = b Test 2: a = 10b Test3: a = 100b
10-16
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at A Z = 0 at all grid points Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method Beams always use a coupled mass formulation (param coupmass = 1).
Results
Mode 1 Reference Value (Hz) 1.010 Mesh a=b a = 10b a = 100b 2 6.327 a=b a = 10b a = 100b 3 17.72 a=b a = 10b a = 100b 4 34.72 a=b a = 10b a = 100b 5 57.39 a=b a = 10b a = 100b 6 85.73 a=b a = 10b a = 100b NX Nastran Result (Hz) 1.010 1.010 1.010 6.324 6.327 6.330 17.70 17.80 17.83 34.70 34.87 35.07 57.48 60.64 64.83 86.24 101.9 104.7
10-17
Chapter 10
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 71. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
10-18
Chapter
11
Shell Element Test Cases
11.1
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate Symmetric Modes
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with NX Nastran shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11a.
Attributes of this test are: Symmetric modes, symmetric boundary conditions along the cutting plane

Input Files
nf011a_l.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf011a_c.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass) nf011ha_l.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf011ha_c.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
11-1
Chapter 11
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

Two tests: 32 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements thickness = 0.05m 8 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements thickness = 0.05m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis Rx = 0 along Y = 5m
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method Results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1)
11-2
Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 0.4210 2.582 3.306 6.555 7.381 11.40 Mesh NX Nastran Result (lumped mass)(Hz) 0.4150 0.4150 2.490 2.478 3.115 3.134 6.044 6.163 7.094 7.099 10.57 10.99 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass(Hz) 0.4180 0.4180 2.604 2.567 3.314 3.271 6.538 6.539 7.808 7.495 12.34 12.08
1 2 3 4 5 6
Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 11a. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
11-3
Chapter 11
11.2
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate Anti-symmetric Modes
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11b.
Attributes of this test are: Anti-symmetric modes

Input Files
nf011b.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral) nf011hb.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

Two tests: 32 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements thickness = 0.05m 8 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements thickness = 0.05m
Mesh only half the plate (10m 5m).
11-4
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis Rx = 0 along Y = 5m
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 1.019 1.018 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass)(Hz) 1.000 1.005 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass(Hz) 1.020 1.022
1.029
Linear Parabolic
11-5
Chapter 11
Mode
Reference Value (Hz)
Mesh
NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 3.839 3.710 8.313 7.768 9.424 8.483 11.73 11.19 17.82 15.76
NX Nastran Result (lumped mass)(Hz) 3.570 3.597 7.091 7.026 8.047 8.133 9.940 10.15 14.22 14.21
NX Nastran Result (coupled mass(Hz) 3.767 3.725 8.113 7.786 9.025 8.690 11.69 11.19 17.44 16.78
2 3 4 5 6
3.753 7.730 8.561
Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic
not available Linear Parabolic not available Linear Parabolic
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 11b. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
11-6
11.3
Free Thin Square Plate
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 12.
Attributes of this test are: Rigid body modes (three modes) Repeated eigenvalues

Input Files
nf012l_l.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf012l_c.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass) nf012h_l.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf012h_c.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

Two tests: 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements thickness = 0.05m
11-7
Chapter 11
16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements thickness = 0.05m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method Results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 1.632 1.532 2.402 2.356 3.006 2.861 4.251 4.122 7.859 7.363 8.027 7.392 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 1.578 1.584 2.241 2.233 2.804 2.808 3.931 3.944 6.822 6.813 6.822 6.813 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 1.624 1.619 2.389 2.363 2.979 2.929 4.237 4.158 7.790 7.477 7.790 7.477
4 5 6 7, 8 9 10
1.622 2.360 2.922 4.233 7.416 Not available
11-8
References
11-9
Chapter 11
11.4
Simply Supported Thin Square Plate
Attributes of this test are: Well established Repeated eigenvalues

Input Files
nf013l_l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf013l_c.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass) nf013h_l.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf013h_c.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

Two tests: 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements thickness = 0.05m
11-10
16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements thickness = 0.05m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Z = Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10m Z = Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10m
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 2.377 5.942 9.507 11.88 15.45 Mesh NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 2.332 2.376 5.797 5.938 8.963 9.747 11.67 11.87 14.45 16.56 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 2.392 2.382 6.181 6.026 9.933 10.22 13.27 12.39 17.07 18.17
1 2, 3 4 5, 6 7, 8
Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic
11-11
Chapter 11
References
11-12
11.5
Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate
Attributes of this test are: Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system) Repeated eigenvalues

Input Files
nf014l_l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf014l_c.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass) nf014h_l.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf014h_c.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
11-13
Chapter 11

Two tests: 160 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements thickness = 0.06 m 48 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements thickness = 0.06 m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Z = Rx = 0 around the circumference
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) 1.870 5.137 9.673 Mesh NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 1.859 1.840 5.293 5.111 10.03 9.673 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 1.877 1.873 5.249 5.151 9.983 9.713
1 2, 3 4, 5
11-14
Mode
Reference Value (Hz) 14.85 15.57 18.38
Mesh
NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 14.37 13.95 16.10 15.55 18.07 17.38
NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 15.41 14.92 15.55 15.71 19.09 18.52
6 7, 8 9
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis,, Test No. 13. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
11-15
Chapter 11
11.6
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with I-DEAS shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 15.
Attributes of this test are: Distorted elements

Input Files
nf015l.dat linear (lumped) nf015ha.dat parabolic (lumped) nf015hb.dat parabolic (consistent) nf015hc.data linear (consistent)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

11-16
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Z = Rx = Ry = 0 along all four edges
Solution Type
SOL103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 8.142 7.873 13.89 12.48 20.04 17.31 20.17 18.74 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 7.818 7.902 12.83 12.85 17.81 17.95 18.55 18.96 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 7.955 7.929 13.39 13.01 19.07 18.47 19.24 19.17
1 2 3 4
7.938 12.84 17.94 19.13
Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic
11-17
Chapter 11
Mode
Mesh
NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 27.70 27.95 32.05 25.88
NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 23.67 23.88 27.70 27.91
NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 26.19 25.23 29.82 28.81
5 6
24.01 27.92
Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic
References
11-18
11.7
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with I-DEAS shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMSSelected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 16.
Attributes of this test are: Distorted meshes

Input Files
nf016a1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass) nf016a2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass) nf016b1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass) nf016b2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass) nf016c1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass) nf016c2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass) nf016d1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass) nf016d2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
11-19
Chapter 11

All tests parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements thickness = 0.05m Four tests: Test 1 16 elements
Test 2 16 elements with specied grid points at the following XY coordinates: Coordinates Node 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X 4.000 2.250 4.750 7.250 7.500 5.250 5.250 2.250 2.500 Y 4.000 2.250 2.500 2.750 7.250 7.250 7.250 7.250 4.750
Test 3 4 elements
11-20
Test 4 4 elements with a specied grid point at the following XY coordinate: Coordinates Node 1 X 4.000 Y 4.000
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along Y-axis
Solution Type
SOL103 Normal Mode Dynamics
11-21
Chapter 11
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Test NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 0.4174 0.4174 0.4144 0.4145 1.020 1.020 0.9990 1.002 2.564 2.571 2.554 2.565 3.302 3.317 3.401 3.424 3.769 3.780 3.697 3.714 6.805 6.883 5.455 5.133 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 0.4139 0.4135 0.4021 0.4000 0.9985 0.9967 0.9347 0.9202 2.444 2.445 2.132 2.112 3.082 3.072 2.707 2.697 3.540 3.535 3.136 3.077 6.018 5.994 5.458 5.459 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 0.4181 0.4182 0.4189 0.4192 1.024 1.024 1.021 1.025 2.569 2.566 2.708 2.698 3.281 3.280 3.449 3.430 3.728 3.731 3.913 3.881 6.551 6.552 7.108 6.858
0.4210
1 2 3 4
1.029
1 2 3 4
2.582
1 2 3 4
3.306
1 2 3 4
3.753
1 2 3 4
6.555
1 2 3 4
11-22
References
11-23
Chapter 11
11.8
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with I-DEAS shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 21a.
Attributes of this test are: Well established Repeated eigenvalues Effect of secondary restraints

Input Files
nf021a.dat: linear (lumped mass) nf021ha.dat: parabolic (lumped mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

11-24
Boundary Conditions
Z = 0 along all four edges X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10 m Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10 m
Solution Type
SOL103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
11-25
Chapter 11
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 46.66 45.94 115.8 110.4 177.5 170.4 233.4 212.8 283.6 270.0 371.1 344.8 371.1 344.8 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 45.83 46.17 110.6 110.3 164.8 167.3 211.8 204.6 250.5 249.3 313.1 311.4 338.4 347.6 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 46.35 45.83 114.1 109.4 174.3 169.8 227.1 208.2 276.9 268.4 364.3 319.4 385.8 319.4
1 2, 3 4 5, 6 7, 8 9 10
45.90 109.4 167.9 204.5 256.5 336.6 336.6
Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21a. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
11-26
11.9
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 21b.
Attributes of this test are: Well established Repeated eigenvalues Effect of secondary restraints

Input Files
nf021b_c.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements coupled mass) nf021b_l.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements lumped mass) nf021hb_c.dat (parabolic thin shell elements coupled mass) nf021hb_l.dat (parabolic thin shell elements lumped mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

Two tests:
11-27
Chapter 11
64 linear quadrilateral thin shell elements thickness = 1.0 m 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements thickness = 1.0 m
Boundary Conditions
Z = 0 along all four edges; X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
11-28
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 44.75 44.13 112.9 107.9 170.3 164.2 230.2 20.07 274.2 260.3 356.0 342.8 356.0 342.8 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 44.65 44.82 109.1 108.5 161.4 163.6 210.5 203.1 247.1 245.7 308.8 307.2 337.6 346.9 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 44.96 44.49 112.3 107.6 170.2 165.7 225.4 206.5 272.5 263.6 358.4 318.6 384.8 318.6
1 2, 3 4 5, 6 7, 8 9 10
45.90 109.4 167.9 204.5 256.5 336.6 336.6
Linear Parabolic Linear \ Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic Linear Parabolic
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21b. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
11-29
Chapter 11
11.10
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate
Attributes of this test are: Distorted elements

Input Files
nf022l_l.dat nf022l_c.dat nf022h_l.dat nf022h_c.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

Two tests: 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 1.0 m 36 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 1.0 m
11-30
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Z = Rx = Ry = 0 along all four edges
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (parm coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 137.8 133.9 218.5 203.3 295.4 271.4 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 131.2 134.9 200.4 204.4 262.0 270.3 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 134.3 135.2 211.9 206.3 286.6 276.4
1 2 3
134.0 201.4 265.8
11-31
Chapter 11
Mode
Mesh
NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 296.8 283.7 383.6 346.4 426.6 386.6
NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 273.6 286.9 327.0 337.5 372.2 384.7
NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 287.0 289.1 373.3 353.8 410.6 394.0
4 5 6
282.7 334.5 Not available
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.,Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 22. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
11-32
11.11
Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported thick annular plate meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 23.
Attributes of this test are: Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system) Repeated eigenvalues

Input Files
nf023l_l.dat nf023l_c.dat nf023h_l.dat nf023h_c.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
11-33
Chapter 11

Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points Z = Rx = 0 around the circumference
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmas = 1)
11-34
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 18.82 18.59 49.82 49.02 96.06 92.90 148.3 140.9 153.7 146.6 174.5 167.3 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 18.40 18.53 50.00 49.22 93.09 93.41 134.6 140.2 144.0 147.0 162.2 166.9 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass(Hz) 18.64 18.65 50.81 49.41 96.00 93.73 147.0 143.1 152.1 148.2 177.1 170.4
1 2, 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9
18.58 48.92 92.59 140.2 Not available 166.4
References
11-35
Chapter 11
11.12
Cantilevered Square Membrane
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered square membrane meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 31.
Attributes of this test are: Well established

Input Files
nf031l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf031a.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass) nf031h.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass) nf031j.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
11-36

Two tests: 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 0.05 m 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 0.05 m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = 0 along the Y axis Z = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
11-37
Chapter 11
Results
1 2 3 4 5 6
52.40 125.7 140.8 222.5 241.4 255.7
References
11-38
11.13
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered tapered membrane meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 32. Attributes of this test are:
Shear behavior Irregular mesh Symmetry

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
11-39
Chapter 11

Two tests: 128 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUADR) elements thickness = 0.1 m 32 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements thickness = 0.1 m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = 0 along the Y axis Z = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmas = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
11-40
Results
1 2 3 4 5 6
44.62 130.0 162.7 246.1 379.9 391.4
References
11-41
Chapter 11
11.14
Free Annular Membrane
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free annular membrane meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 33.
Attributes of this test are: Repeated eigenvalues Rigid body modes (three modes)

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
11-42

Boundary Conditions
Z = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
11-43
Chapter 11
Results
4, 5 6 7, 8 9, 10 11, 12 13, 14
129.2 226.2 234.7 264.7 336.6 376.8
References
11-44
11.15
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered thin square plate meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMSSelected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 73.

Input Files
nf073a.dat (Test 1) nf073b.dat (Test 2) nf073c.dat (Test 3) nf073d.dat (Test 4)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3

16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements thickness = 0.05 m
11-45
Chapter 11
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along the Y axis
Solution Type
11-46
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 0.4174 0.4174 0.4175 0.4184 1.020 1.020 1.021 1.032 2.564 2.597 2.677 2.850 3.302 3.345 3.365 3.571 3.769 3.888 4.035 5.466 6.805 7.517 7.495 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 0.4154 0.4154 0.4154 0.4161 1.051 1.006 1.007 1.015 2.485 2.509 2.524 2.563 3.150 3.180 3.196 3.373 3.622 3.713 3.828 4.935 6.292 6.901 6.879 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 0.4183 0.4183 0.4184 0.4192 1.023 1.023 1.027 1.024 2.579 2.605 2.675 2.672 3.298 3.332 3.344 3.535 3.765 3.862 4.000 5.360 6.719 7.399 7.387
0.4210
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
1.029
2.582
3.306
3.753
376.8
References
11-47
Chapter
12 Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases
12.1
Free Cylinder Axisymmetric Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free cylinder meshed with axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 41.
Attributes of this test are: Rigid body modes (one mode) Coupling between axial, radial, and circumferential behavior Close eigenvalues

Input Files
nf041.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass) nf041a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass) nf041h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass) nf041j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2
12-1
Chapter 12
Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases
= 8000 kg / m3 = 0.3

Two tests: 16 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements 8 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements
Boundary Conditions
Unsupported
Solution Type
12-2
Results
Mode # Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 244.0 243.5 379.4 377.5 395.4 394.3 401.4 397.9 421.9 406.4 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 243.1 243.4 372.1 376.4 385.8 392.4 386.9 392.8 391.7 397.2 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 243.9 243.5 378.4 377.4 394.4 394.2 398.5 397.9 415.4 406.0
2 3 4 5 6
243.5 377.4 394.1 397.7 405.3
The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.
References
12-3
Chapter 12
12.2
Thick Hollow Sphere Uniform Radial Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thick hollow sphere meshed using axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 42.
Attributes of this test are: Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system) Constraint equations

Input Files
nf042.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass) nf042a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass) nf042h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass) nf042j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
12-4

10 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements - = 5
Boundary Conditions
Z displacement = 0 at all grid points Grid points at the same R are constrained to have the same r displacement One constraint set
Solution Type
12-5
Chapter 12
Results
Mode # Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 370.6 370.0 841.2 838.1 1473. 1453. 2192. 2132. 2976. 2853. NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 369.3 369.7 828.1 836.2 1416. 1445. 2023. 2100. 2595. 2764. NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 369.6 369.7 837.7 837.7 1468. 1451. 2186. 2117. 2967. 2799.
1 2 3 4 5
369.9 838.0 1451. 2117. 2796.
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 42. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
12-6
12.3
Simply Supported Annular Plate Axisymmetric Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 43.
Attributes of this test are: Well established

Input Files
nf043a.dat (lumped mass) nf043b.dat (coupled mass) nf043c.dat (lumped mass) nf043d.dat (coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
12-7
Chapter 12

Two tests: 60 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements 5 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements
Boundary Conditions
Z = 0 at A
Solution Type
12-8
Results
1 2 3 4 5
18.54 150.2 224.2 358.3 629.2
References
12-9
Chapter 12
12.4
Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep, simply supported beam meshed with brick elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis , Test 51.
Attributes of this test are: Skewed coordinate system Skewed restraints

Input Files
nf051l.dat (linear brick) nf051b.dat (parabolic brick)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
12-10

Two tests: 30 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
Boundary Conditions
X = Z = 0 along AA Z = 0 along BB Y = 0 at all grid points on the plane Y = 2.0 m
12-11
Chapter 12
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
1 2 3 4 5
38.20 85.21 152.2 245.5 297.1
linear parabolic linear parabolic linear parabolic linear parabolic linear parabolic
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C., Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 51. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
12-12
12.5
Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported square plate meshed with brick elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 52.
Attributes of this test are: Well established Rigid body modes (three modes) Kinematically incomplete suppressions

Input Files
nf052l.dat (linear brick) nf052b.dat (parabolic brick)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
12-13
Chapter 12

Two tests: 64 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements 16 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
Boundary Conditions
Z = 0 along the four edges on the plane Z = 0.5 m
Solution Type
SOL 103 normal modes NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways: Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1) Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
12-14
Results
Mode # Reference Mesh Value (Hz) NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 51.65 44.76 132.7 110.5 194.4 169.1 197.2 193.9 210.6 206.6 NX Nastran Result (lumped mass) (Hz) 44.04 43.81 106.5 105.2 155.5 156.3 193.6 194.0 200.1 193.5 NX Nastran Result (coupled mass) (Hz) 45.24 44.16 113.7 107.9 172.3 163.9 196.8 193.9 209.6 206.6
4 5, 6 7 8 9, 10
45.90 109.4 167.9 193.6 206.2
References
12-15
Chapter 12
12.6
Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with brick elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 53.
Attributes of this test are: Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system) Constraint equations

Input Files
nf053l.dat (linear brick) nf053h.dat (parabolic brick)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 = 0.3
12-16

Two tests: 60 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements = 5 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements = 10
Boundary Conditions
displacement = 0 at all grid points Z displacement = 0 at all grid points along AA Grid points at same R and Z are constrained to have same z displacement One constraint set
Solution Type
12-17
Chapter 12
Results
Mode # Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 19.66 18.58 146.4 140.4 224.3 224.2 386.7 374.0 689.5 686.0 NX Nastran NX Nastran Result Result (coupled mass) (lumped (Hz) mass) (Hz) 18.57 18.45 138.8 135.9 224.2 223.7 361.8 351.2 643.8 624.7 18.61 18.58 140.5 140.3 224.4 224.2 372.1 371.9 674.7 679.6
1 2 3 4 5
18.58 140.2 224.2 358.3 629.2
References
12-18
12.7
Cantilevered Solid Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered solid beam meshed using brick elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 72.
Attributes of this test are: Highly populated stiffness matrix

Input Files
nf072a.dat (conventional) nf072b.dat (unconventional)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 200E09 N/m2 = 8000 kg/m3 =3
12-19
Chapter 12

Two tests both use solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements Test 1: conventional grid point numbering Test 2: unconventional grid point numbering
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = 0 at all grid points on X = 0 plane Y = 0 at grid points on Y = 1 m plane
12-20
Solution Type
Results
Mode # Mesh NAFEMS Target Value (Hz) 16.01 16.01 87.23 87.23 126.0 126.0 209.6 209.6 351.1 351.1 375.8 375.8 NX Nastran NX Nastran Result (lumped Result (coupled mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz) 15.82 15.82 83.18 83.18 125.5 125.5 193.5 193.5 310.1 310.1 364.2 364.2 15.99 15.99 87.09 87.09 126.0 126.0 209.1 209.1 349.9 349.9 375.8 375.8
1 2 3 4 5 6
Test 1 Test 2 Test 1 Test 2 Test 1 Test 2 Test 1 Test 2 Test 1 Test 2 Test 1 Test 2
References
12-21
Part
VI Verication Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens
Overview of Verication Test Cases Provided by the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens . . . 13-1 Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod Elements . . . . . . . . . 14-1 Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1 Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1 Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1 Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and Model Response . . . . . . . 18-1 Stationary Thermal Tests Heat Transfer Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1 Thermo-mechanical Tests Linear Statics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1
Chapter
13 Overview of Verication Test Cases Provided by the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using standard benchmarks published by SFM (Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Paris, France) in Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Included here are: Tests cases on mechanical structures using linear statics analysis, normal mode dynamics analysis, and model response. Stationary thermal test cases using heat transfer analysis. Thermo-mechanical test cases using linear statics analysis.
Results published in Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures are compared with those computed using NX Nastran.
13.1
Each test case is structured with the following information. Test case data and information: Input les Units Material properties Finite element modeling information Boundary conditions (loads and restraints) Solution type
Results Reference
13-1
Chapter 13
Overview of Verication Test Cases Provided by the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens
13.2
Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases: Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990.
13-2
Chapter
14 Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod Elements
14.1
Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports
This test is a linear statics analysis of a short, straight beam with plane bending and shear loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL02/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Area = 31E04 m2 Inertia = 2810E08 m4 Shear area ratio = 2.42

Input Files
ssll02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2E11 Pa = 0.3
14-1
Chapter 14
Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod Elements

10 linear beam (CBAR) elements 11 grid points
The mesh is shown in the following gure:
Boundary Conditions
Restrain both free ends of the beam in translation DOF. Edge load = 1E05 N/m in Y direction
Solution Type
Results
Result Displacement at point B v (m) (Grid point 7) Bench Value 1.259E3 NX Nastran 1.249E3
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLL02/89.
14-2
14.2
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element
This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight, cantilever beam with plane bending and a rigid element. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssll05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2E11 Pa I = (4/3)E08 m4

20 linear beam (CBAR) elements 1 rigid element 26 grid points
14-3
Chapter 14
Boundary Conditions
Points A and C: Clamped Point D: Set nodal force = 1000 N in Y direction
Solution Type
Results
Type v (m) Disp. Y v (m) Disp. Y V force (N) Y M moment (Nm) Rz V force (N) Y M moment (Nm) Rz Grid point Grid point 6 Grid point 3 Grid point 1 Grid point 1 Grid point 4 Grid point 4 Point B D A A C C Bench Value 0.1250 0.1250 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 NX Nastran 0.1250 0.1250 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLL05/89.
14-4
14.3
Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe
This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a curved pipe with transverse bending and bending-torque loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
R=1m de = 0.02 m di = 0.016 m A = 1.131E-004 m2 Ix = 4.637E09 m4

Input Files
ssll07a.dat linear beam ssll07b.dat curved beam
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2E11 Pa = 0.3
14-5
Chapter 14

Test 1 90 linear beam (CBAR) elements 91 grid points
Test 2 90 curved beam (CBEND) elements 91 grid points
To obtain the point where = 15 with accuracy, use surface mapped meshing on 1/4 of a cylinder. Then mesh a curved edge with the Surface Coating command and undo the mesh on the surface. The mesh for Test 1 is shown in the following gure:
Boundary Conditions
Clamp point A. Grid point force F = 100 N in Z direction.
Solution Type
14-6
Results
Type u (m) Disp. Z Grid point Grid point 1 Point B Bench Value 0.1346 Test Number 1 NX Nastran 0.1346
2 Mt (Nm)* Mf (Nm) Grid point 1 = 15 74.12 96.59 1 2 1 2 Mf = bending moment Mt = torsional moment *See "Post Processing" below.
0.1346 76.67 77.51 96.37 95.70
Post Processing
Linear Beam (CBAR) Elements
List beam forces on element 167, second end: Mf = torque Mt = bending moment
Curved Beam (CBEND) Elements

List beam forces on element 166, second end: Mf = torque Mt = bending moment
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990.Test No. SSLL07/89..
14-7
Chapter 14
14.4
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a thin arc with plane bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
R=1m de = 0.02 m di = 0.016 m A = 1.131E04 m2 Ix 4.637E09 m4

Input File
ssll08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2E11 Pa = 0.3
14-8

Boundary Conditions
Point A: Articulated Z Point B: Sets Y and Z displacement to 0 Force = 100N in Y direction
Solution Type
Results
Type Rz (rad) Rz (rad) Y (m) X (m) Grid Point 2 1 7 1 Point A B C B Bench Value 3.077E2 3.077E2 -1.921E2 5.391E-2 NX Nastran 3.110E2 3.110E2 1.934E2 5.374E2
14-9
Chapter 14
References
14-10
14.5
Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss
This test is a linear statics analysis of a plane truss with an articulated rod. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssll11.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 1.962E11 Pa
14-11
Chapter 14

4 rod (CONROD) elements 4 grid points
Element AC CB CD BD
Length (m)
Area (m2) 2.000E4 2.000E4 1.000E4 1.000E4
Boundary Conditions
Point A and B: Articulated Point D: Set Nodal force = 9.81 E3 N in Y direction
Solution Type
14-12
Results
Type X (m) Y (m) X (m) Y (m) Grid Point 18.00 18.00 2.000 2.000 Point C C D D Bench Value 0.2652E3 0.08839E3 3.479E3 5.601E3 NX Nastran 0.2652E3 0.08839E3 3.479E3 5.600E3
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. (Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990..) Test No. SSLL11/89.
14-13
Chapter 14
14.6
Articulated Plane Truss
This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight cantilever beam with plane bending and tension-compression. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL14/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
I1 = 5E04 m4 I2 = 2.5E04 m4

Input Files
ssll14a.dat (4 elements) ssll14b.dat (10 elements)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1E11 Pa
14-14

The mesh for Test 2 is shown in the following gure:
14-15
Chapter 14
Boundary Conditions
Point A and B: Articulate Set forces and moments to the following numeric values: p = 3,000 N/m F1 = 20,000 N F2 = 10,000 N M = 100,000 Nm
Solution Type
Results
Type Vertical reaction (N) Hortizontal reaction (N) Vertical Displacement (m) Grid Point 1.000 1.000 8.000 Point A A C Bench Value 3.150E4 2.024E4 0.03072 Test Number 1 2 1 2 1 2 NX Nastran 3.150E4 3.320E4 1.920E4 2.061E4 0.02100 0.03161
NX Nastran takes shear effect into account.
14-16
References
14-17
Chapter 14
14.7
Beam on an Elastic Foundation
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a straight beam with plane bending and an elastic support. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL16/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssll16.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1E11 Pa K = 8.4E05 N/m2 Each spring stiffness is set to: K * L/(number of spring elements).

50 linear beam (CBAR) elements 49 spring (CBUSH) elements 51 grid points
14-18
Boundary Conditions
Point A and B: Articulated Set forces and moments to the following numeric values: F = 10000 N p = 5000 N/m M = 15000 Nm. The boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
Solution Type
14-19
Chapter 14
Results
Type Rotation(rad) Rz Vertical Reaction force (N) Vertical Disp. (m) M moment (Nm)* D Point A Bench Value 0.003050 1.167E4 0.4233E2 3.384E4 NX Nastran 0.003034 1.158E4 0.4216E2 3.369E4
*List beam forces on element 26, rst end, z bending moment.
References
14-20
Chapter
15 Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements
15.1
Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with plane bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLP01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Thickness = 1 mm

Input File
sslp01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 3E10 Pa = 0.25
15-1
Chapter 15
Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements

100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 126 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Clamped Plate Set a shear force with parabolic distribution on width and constant distribution on thickness. Resultant force: p = 40 N.
Solution Type
15-2
Results
Type Y (mm) Grid point # Grid point 3 Location (L,y) Bench Value 0.3413 NX Nastran 0.3408
Displacement is shown in the following gure:
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLP01/89.
15-3
Chapter 15
15.2
Innite Plate with a Circular Hole
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with tension-compression and a membrane effect. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLP02/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
sslp02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 3E10 Pa = 0.25
15-4

The plate is meshed using the biasing option. The mesh is shown in the following gure:
Boundary Conditions
u (0,y) = 0, Ry (y) = 0, Rz (y) = 0, (z = 0, all grid points) (x,0) = 0, Rx (x) = 0, Rz (x) = 0 Tension force P = 2.5 N/mm**2 (in plane force of 2500 N/m)
15-5
Chapter 15
Solution Type
Results
Type Point (a, 0) (a, /4) (a, /2) Bench Value 7.500E7 2.500E7 2.500E7 NX Nastran 7.528E7 2.511E7 2.452E7
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLP02/89.
15-6
15.3
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate
This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a circular plate xed at the edge with transverse bending and a uniform load. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls03a.dat linear quadrilateral ssls03b.dat linear triangle
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3
15-7
Chapter 15

Test 1 38 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 50 grid points
Test 2 53 linear triangular thin shell (CTRIA3) elements 38 grid points
Meshing is only done on 1/4 of the plate. The meshes are shown in the following gure:
15-8
Boundary Conditions
Clamp free edges. Uniform pressure p = 1000 Pa. Symmetric conditions are applied to the sides.
Solution Type
Results
Result Z w (m) Grid Point 1.000 1.000 Point Center O Bench Value 0.006500 Test Number NX Nastran 1 2 0.006600 0.006500
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS03/89.
15-9
Chapter 15
15.4
Torque Loading on a Square Tube
This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin-walled tube loaded in torsion by pure shear at the free end. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssls05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3
15-10

160 CQUAD4 elements 219 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Plane X = 0 Clamped beam Apply a torque equal to 10 Nm on the free end.
Solution Type
15-11
Chapter 15
Results
Result Disp. Y (m) Disp. Rx (rad) Stress XY Shear (Pa) Disp. Y (m) Disp. Rx (rad) Stress XY Shear (Pa) 208.0 Grid Point 193.0 Bench Value 6.170E7 1.230E5 11.00E4 9.870E7 1.970E5 11.00E4 NX Nastran .6.170E7 1.230E5 11.00E4 9.870E7 1.970E5 11.00E4
Results are post-processed using the Shell surface: Bottom option.
References
15-12
15.5
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by internal pressure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS06/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls06a.dat ssls06b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3
15-13
Chapter 15

The meshes are shown in the following gure:
Test 2 400 liinear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 441 grid points
15-14
Boundary Conditions
Free conditions: To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XZ, XY, and YZ planes. Internal pressure = 10000 Pa.
Solution Type
Results
Type 11(Pa) 22(Pa) R(m) L(m) Point All Bench Value 0 5.000E5 2.380E6 1.430E6 Test Number 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 All results are averages. NX Nastran 1.720 4.960 4.950E5 4.990E5 2.370E6 2.380E6 1.420E6 1.430E6
15-15
Chapter 15
Post Processing
11 is the stress of z at grid point 11 (test 1) and grid point 21 (test 2) 22 is the stress of x at grid point 111 (test 1) and grid point 421 (test 2) R(m) is the displacement of x at grid point 121 (test 1) and grid point 441 (test 2) L(m) is the displacement of z at grid point 121 (test 1) and grid point 441 (test 2)
References
15-16
15.6
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder
This test is a linear static analysis of a thin cylinder loaded axially. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls07a.dat parabolic quadrilateral, thin shell ssls07b.dat parabolic triangle, thin shell
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3
15-17
Chapter 15

Test 1 200 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements 661 grid points
Test 2 400 parabolic triangular thin shell (CTRIA6) elements
15-18
Boundary Conditions
Axial displacement = 0 in. X = 0 section Uniform axial load q = 10000 N/m
Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear Sstatics
Results
Type 11(Pa) 22(Pa) L(m) R (m) Point Any Any Any Any Bench Value 5.000E5 0 9.520E6 7.140E7 Test Number 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 All results are averages. NX Nastran 5.000E5 5.790E5 0 3.080E4 9.520E6 9.560E6 7.140E-7 7.330E7
15-19
Chapter 15
Post Processing
11 is the stress of z at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2. 22 is the stress of y at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2. R is the displacement of x at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2. L is the displacement of z at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.
References
15-20
15.7
Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by hydrostatic pressure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssls08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3
15-21
Chapter 15

200 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements 661 grid points
15-22
Boundary Conditions
Restrain the grid points on side A (from grid point 21 to grid point 661) in the X translation and the Y and Z rotations. Restrain the grid points on side B (from grid point 1 to grid point 641) in the Y translation and X and Z rotations. Internal pressure p = p0 * Z/L with p0 = 20000 Pa.
Solution Type
Results
Type 11(Pa) L/222 (Pa) R (m) L (m) (rad) Grid Point 321.0 321.0 321.0 1.000 321.0 Point Any x = L/2 x = L/2 x=L Bench Value 0 5.000E5 2.380E6 2.860E6 1.190E6 NX Nastran 8.800E3 4.970E5 2.380E6 2.860E6 1.190E6
represents the rotation of a generator.
15-23
Chapter 15
Post Processing
11is the stress of z at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2 22 is the stress of y at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2 R is the displacement of x at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2 L is the displacement of z at grid point 1 in coordinate system 2 is the rotation of y at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2
References
15-24
15.8
Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by its own weight. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls09a.dat linear quadrilateral, thin shell ssls09b.dat axisymmetric
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7.85 x 104 N/m3 Mass = 8002 kg/m3
15-25
Chapter 15

Test 2 20 linear axisymmetric (CCONEAX) elements 21 grid points
15-26
Boundary Conditions
Axial displacement = 0 in. Z = 0 section. Gravity loading; gravity acts in the Z direction.
Solution Type
Results
Type 22(Pa) 11 (Pa) z (m) R (m) (rad) Grid point 2.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 10.00 Point Any x=0 x=L x=0 xL Bench Value Test Number 0 3.140E5 2.990E6 4.490E7 1.120E7 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 NX Nastran 34.66 0 3.020E5 3.060E5 2.990E6 2.990E6 4.390E76 4.480E7 1.120E7 1.120E7
15-27
Chapter 15
Post Processing
Test 1 11 is the stress of z at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2 22is the stress of x at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2 z is the displacement of z at grid point 1 in coordinate system 2 R is the displacement of x at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2 is the rotation of y at grid point 10 in coordinate system 2
References
15-28
15.9
Pinched Cylindrical Shell
This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with grid point forces, F, pinching as shown. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS20/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls20a.dat linear triangle thin shells ssls20b.dat linear quadrilateral thin shells
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 10.5 x 106 Pa = 0.3125
15-29
Chapter 15

15-30
Boundary Conditions
Free conditions To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY, XZ, and YZ planes. Grid point forces Fy = 25 N at point D
Solution Type
Results
Type Disp. Y (Grid point 3) (m) Disp. Y (Grid point 3) Point D Bench Value 113.9E-3 Test Number NX Nastran 1 2 114.4E3 113.3E3
Post Processing
(m) is the displacement of y at grid point 3 (quadrilateral).
References
15-31
Chapter 15
15.10
Spherical Shell with a Hole
This test is a linear statics analysis of a spherical shell with a hole with grid point forces. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS21/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls21a.dat linear quadrilateral thing shells ssls21b.dat linear triangle thin shells ssls21c parabolic quadrilateral thin shells
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 6.285 x 107 Pa = 0.3
15-32

15-33
Chapter 15
Boundary Conditions
Free conditions To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY and YZ planes. Grid point forces F = 2 Newtons Due to the symmetric boundary conditions, only half of the load is applied. The boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
Solution Type
Results
Result u (m) grid point 111 Grid point 111 Grid point 421 Point A(R,0,0) Bench Value 9.400E2 Test Number 1 2 3 NX Nastran 102.0E3 102.1E3 100.9E3
References
15-34
15.11
Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell
This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with bending and membrane effect. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS23/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls23a.dat (Test 1, linear) ssls23b.dat (Test 2, parabolic)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3
15-35
Chapter 15

Boundary Conditions
AB side: Clamped in local system coordinates. AD and BC sides: Restrain Z translation, x and y. DC side: Set bending moment CZ to 1000 Nm/m. Set in plane force to 0.6E6 N/m. ABCD surface: Set internal pressure to 0.6E06 N/m**2. AD and DC sides are restrained in the global coordinate system.
Solution Type
15-36
Results
Use coordinate system 3 (the cylindrical coordinate system) to display the results. Results are post-processed using the Shell surface middle option. Result Grid point 35 Grid point 93 Point E Bench Value Test Number 60.00 MPa 1 2 NX Nastran 60.70 59.60
References
15-37
Chapter 15
15.12 Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis of a plate with pressure loading and simple supports. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS24/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls24a.dat (Test 1, coarse mesh) ssls24b.dat (Test 2, ne mesh) ssls24c.dat (Test 3, very ne mesh)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 1.0 x 107 Pa = 0.3
15-38

Test 1 a/b = 1 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 121 grid points
15-39
Chapter 15
Boundary Conditions
Restraints All edges: w = 0 One corner xed
Loads Set pressure = 1 N/m**2 in the Z direction
Solution Type
15-40
Results
Result 61z direction 116z direction 281z direction 61x component top surface 116x component top surface 281x component top surface a/b 1.000 2.000 5.000 1.000 2.000 5.000 Parameters 1.000 2.000 5.000 1.000 2.000 5.000 Bench Value 0.004440 0.01110 0.01417 2874. 6102. 7476. Test Number 1 2 3 1 2 3 NX Nastran 0.004500 0.01110 0.01406 2867. 6034. 7331.
Where: q = distributed load b = dimension t = thickness E = elastic modules values of reference from the Guide de Validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted from Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young). Note that the shell top surface corresponds to the side of the plate with negative global Z coordinates.
References
15-41
Chapter 15
15.13 Plate
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid
This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a plate with pressure and transverse bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS25/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Thickness = 0.01 m b = 1.0 m a = 2.0 m

Input Files
ssls25a.dat (Test 1) ssls25b.dat (Test 2)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 36.0 x 106 Pa = 0.3
15-42

a/b = 2 Linear quadratic thin shell (CQUAD4) elements
Test 1 = 30
Test 2 = 45
Boundary Conditions
All edges: w = 0, one corner xed Pressure = 1 N/m2 in the Z direction
Solution Type
15-43
Chapter 15
Results
Parameter Test 2 ssls25b Test Case Test 1 ssls25a Bench Value z displacement 3.277E3 m Y stress 5.700E3 N/m2 z displacement 3.000E-3 m Y stress 5.390E3 N/m2 NX Nastran 116z displacement 2.963E3 m 116y stress 5.831E3 N/m2 116z displacement 2.720E3 m 116Y stress 5.441E3 N/m2
Where: q = distributed load b = dimension t = thickness E = elastic modulus Values of reference from the Guide de validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted from Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young), table 26, case number 14a.
References
15-44
15.14
Shear Loading on a Plate
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin plate with torque and shear loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS27/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls27a.dat (Test 1, Mindlin) ssls27b.dat (Test 2, Kirchoff) ssls27c.dat (Test 3, Mindlin)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 1.0 x 107 Pa = 0.25
15-45
Chapter 15

Test 1 Mindlin 6 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 14 grid points
Test 2 Kirchhoff 6 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 14 grid points
Test 3 Mindlin 48 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 75 grid points
All tests are executed with mapped meshing
Boundary Conditions
Clamp AD side Point B: grid point force Fz = 1N Point C: grid point force Fz = 1N
Solution Type
15-46
Results at Location C
Displacement at Grid point 14.00 14.00 75.00 Bench Value 3.537E2 3.537E2 3.537E2 Test Number 1 2 3 NX Nastran 3.585E2 3.573E2 3.603E2
References
15-47
Chapter
16 Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements
16.1
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension
This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid cylinder with tension-compression. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
16-1
Chapter 16
Mechanical Structures Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements

Input Files
sslv01a.dat (Test 1) sslv01b.dat (Test 2) sslv01c.dat (Test 3) sslv01d.dat (Test 4) sslv01e.dat (Test 5)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.0 x 1011 Pa = 0.30
16-2

Test 1 155 parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements 342 grid points
Test 2 144 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & 48 linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements 307 grid points
Test 3 48 linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid (CQUADX) elements 65 grid points
Test 4 96 linear triangular axisymmetric solid (CTRIA6) elements 65 grid points
Test 5 Mapped meshing 18 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid (CQUADX) elements 95 grid points
16-3
Chapter 16
Boundary Conditions
Uniaxial deformation of the cylinder section Set uniformly distributed force F/A on the free end in the Z direction F/A = 100 MPa
Solution Type
Results
linear statics Point A&C A&C A&C A&C A&C B Grid Point 6.000 279.0 1.000 4.000 1.000 4.000 u (m) 1.500E3 Displacement u (m) Bench Value 1.500E3 Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 1 NX Nastrans 1.500E3 1.500E3 1.500E3 1.500E3 1.600E3 1.500E3
16-4
Point B B B B D D D D D E E E E E A&C A&C A&C A&C A&C D D D D D E E E E E
Grid Point 307.0 53.00 3.000 39.00 37.00 189.0 5.000 25.00 7.000 41.00 99.00 9.000 29.00 13.00 6.000 279.0 1.000 4.000 1.000 37.00 189.0 5.000 25.00 7.000 41.00 99.00 9.000 29.00 13.00
Displacement
Bench Value
Test Number 2 3 4 5
NX Nastrans 1.500E3 1.450E3 1.500E3 1.600E3 1.000E3 1.000E3 1.000E3 1.000E3 1.000E3 0.5000E3 0.5000E3 0.5000E3 0.5000E3 0.5000E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3 0.1500E3
u (m)
1.000E-3
1 2 3 4 5
u (m)
0.5000E-3
1 2 3 4 5
w (m)
0.1500E3
1 2 3 4 5
w (m)
0.1500E-3
1 2 3 4 5
w (m)
0.1500E3
1 2 3 4 5
Post Processing
To view the results for Test 1 and Test 2, use coordinate system 2 (cylindrical). All results are averaged.
16-5
Chapter 16
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV01/89.
16-6
16.2
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick sphere with internal pressure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
sslv03a.dat (Test 1) sslv03b.dat (Test 2) sslv03c.dat (Test 3) sslv03d.dat (Test 4)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2 x 105 Pa = 0.3
16-7
Chapter 16

Test 1 1600 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements 1898 grid points
Test 2 200 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements & 50 solid wedge (CPENTA) elements 1256 grid points
Test 4 400 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid (CQUADX) elements 1301 grid points
The meshes from these tests are shown in the following gure:
16-8
Boundary Conditions
The equivalent of the center of the sphere being xed is modeled via symmetric boundary conditions. Uniform radial pressure = 100 MPa.
Solution Type
16-9
Chapter 16
Results
Point r=1 m Grid Point 1.000 1.000 451.0 451.0 1.000 1.000 451.0 451.0 1.000 1.000 451.0 451.0 r=2 m 1826. 2221. 411.0 411.0 1826. 2221. 411.0 411.0 1826 2221. 411.0 411.0 u (m) 1.500E4 (MPa) 21.43 rr (MPa) 0 u (m) 0.4000E3 (MPa) 71.43 Displacement Stress rr (MPa) Bench Value 100.0 Test Number 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 NX Nastran 90.15 97.29 97.07 99.27 72.09 77.23 68.62 71.52 0.4000E3 0.4000E3 0.4000E3 0.4000E-3 0.02800 0.2241 0.2860 0.04100 21.18 21.18 22.18 21.38 1.500E4 1.500E4 1.500E4 1.500E4
All results are averaged. Use the spherical coordinate system for the stress results.
References
16-10
16.3
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Innite Cylinder
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick cylinder with internal pressure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2 x 105 mPa = 0.3

Test 1 400 linear brick (CHEXA) elements 902 grid points
Test 2 240 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements 1873 grid points
16-11
Chapter 16
Test 4 600 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solide (CQUADX) elements 1911 grid points
16-12
Boundary Conditions
Unlimited cylinder Internal pressure p = 60 MPa
Solution Type
Results
All results are averaged. Test Case sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c Grid Point 411.0 977.0 616.0 Displacement / Stress r r r ( Bench Value 60.00 (MPa) NX Nastran 57.00 60.00 59.00
16-13
Chapter 16
Test Case sslv04d sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c sslv04d sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c sslv04d sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c sslv04d sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c sslv04d sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c sslv04d sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c sslv04d sslv04a sslv04b sslv04c sslv04d
Grid Point 1831. 411.0 977.0 616.0 1831. 411.0 977.0 616.0 1831. 411.0 977.0 616.0 1831. 451.0
Displacement / Stress
Bench Value
NX Nastran 127.0
100.0 (MPa)
99.70 102.0 99.40 145.0
max
80.00 (MPa)
79.34 81.00 79.40 79.98
ur
59.00E6 (m)
59.00E6 59.00E6 59.00E6 59.00E6
0 (MPa)
0.006500 0.04480 0.1684 .003417
40.00 (MPa)
39.66 40.39 40.09 40.19
max
20.00 (MPa)
20.08 20.17 20.07 19.99
ur
40.00E6 (m)
40.00E6 40.00E6 40.00E6 40.20E6
References
16-14
16.4
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending
This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid rod with bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2 x 105 MPa = 0.3
16-15
Chapter 16

Test 1 198 linear solid pyramid (CTETRA) elements 76 grid points
Test 2 198 parabolic solid pyramid (CTETRA) elements 409 grid points
Test 3 48 linear parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements 117 grid points
Test 4 Mapped meshing 48 linear parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements 381 grid points
16-16
Boundary Conditions
Clamp Point B. Other points of B section: Set Z-displacement to 0. NOTE: In these tests some grid points of section B are also restrained in the x direction about the x-axis at the free end of the rod. Set moment Mx equal to (4/3)E+7 N.m
Solution Type
16-17
Chapter 16
Results
Test # 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 D or E F or G H A Point F or G Grid Point 5.000 5.000 75.00 245.0 26.00 90.00 77.00 251.0 19.00 40.00 76.00 249.0 5.000 5.000 75.00 245.0 8.000 8.000 73.00 241.0 vD = -vE -0.1500E-4 (m) vF = -vG 0.1500E-4 (m) wB 2.000E4 (m) uA 4.000E4 (m) Displacement Stress zz Bench Value 10.00E6 (Pa) NX Nastran 4.268E6 10.03E6 10.00E6 9.995E6 2.964E4 4.000E4 4.000E4 4.000E4 2.000E4 2.000E4 2.000E4 2.000E4 0.07450E4 0.1508E4 0.1500E4 0.1503E4 6.262E4 0.1505E4 0.1500E4 0.1503E4
References
16-18
16.5
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick plate with pressure and transverse bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
sslv09a.dat (Test 1) sslv09b.dat (Test 2)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3
16-19
Chapter 16

Test 1 25 parabolic linear brick (CHEXA) elements 228 grid points =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 2 25 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements 36 grid points =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 2 is done using CQUAD4 elements with the thicknesses specied in the physical property table. The meshes from these tests are shown in the following gure:
16-20
Boundary Conditions
AB and AD sides: clamped BC and DC sides: symmetry Load case 1: Pressure p = 1E06 Pascals in Z direction Load case 2: Point C Grid Point force F = 1E06 N in Z direction The boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear statics
16-21
Chapter 16
Results
Test Case 1 (z displacement at location C)
Part Name 10 Load Case Pressure Force 20 Pressure Force 50 Pressure Force 75 Pressure Force 100 Pressure Force Grid Point 242.0 242.0 242.0 242.0 242.0 242.0 242.0 242.0 242.0 242.0 Analytical 0.6552E-4 0.2915E-3 0.5242E-3 0.2332E2 0.8190E2 0.3643E1 0.2764E1 0.1230 0.6552E1 0.2915 Reference FEM 0.7620E4 0.4300E3 0.5383E3 0.2535E2 0.8029E2 0.3574E1 0.2690E1 0.1184 0.6339E1 0.2779 NX Nastran 0.7379E4 0.3684E3 0.5266E3 0.2456E2 0.7935E2 0.3602E1 0.2666E-1 0.1206 0.6305E1 0.2849
Test Case 2 (z displacement at location C)

Part Name 10 Load Case Pressure Force 20 Pressure Force 50 Pressure Force 75 Pressure Force 100 Pressure Force Grid Point 1.000 1.000 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 Analytical 0.6552E4 0.2915E3 0.5242E3 0.2332E2 0.8190E2 0.3643E1 0.2764E1 0.1230 0.6552E1 0.2915 Reference FEM 0.7866E4 0.4109E3 0.5557E3 0.2595E2 0.8348E2 0.3745E1 0.2805E1 0.1253 0.6639E1 -0.2958 NX Nastran 0.8131E4 0.4050E3 0.5775E3 0.2668E2 0.8669E2 0.3878E1 0.2906E1 0.1292 0.6864E1 0.3042
References
16-22
Chapter
17 Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis
17.1
Lumped Mass-Spring System
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis of an elastic link with lumped mass. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLD02/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
sdld02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
Spring constant
17-1
Chapter 17
Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis

8 lumped mass (CONM2) elements 9 spring (CBUSH) elements 8 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Clamp points A and B Other points: =0;=0 The boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Modes
17-2
Results
Frequency Results (Hz)
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bench Value 5.527 10.89 15.92 20.46 24.38 27.57 29.91 31.35 NX Nastran 5.527 10.89 15.92 20.46 24.38 27.57 29.91 31.35
Mode Shapes Results

The mode shapes results are exact. The multiplication coefcient is 3.162. Normal Mode 1 Point P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 8 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Bench Value 0.1612 0.3030 0.4082 0.4642 0.4642 0.4082 0.3030 0.1612 0.1612 0.3030 0.4082 0.4642 0.4642 0.4082 0.3030 0.1612 NX Nastran 0.05100 0.09580 0.1291 0.1468 0.1468 0.1291 0.09580 0.05100 0.05100 0.09580 0.1291 0.1468 0.1468 0.1291 0.09580 0.05100
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLD02/89, p. 178.
17-3
Chapter 17
17.2
Short Beam on Simple Supports
This test is a modal analysis of a straight short beam with simple supports both inline and offset. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
sdll01a.dat (Test 1) sdll01b.dat (Test 2)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2 x 101111 Pa = 0.3 = 7800 kg/m3
17-4

17-5
Chapter 17
Boundary Conditions
Problem 1 Point A (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation. Point B (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations. All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations. No load case.
Problem 2 Point C (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation. Point D (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations. All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations. No load case.
Solution Type
17-6
Results
Problem 1: Frequency results (Hz)
Normal Mode Bending 1 Tension 1 Bending 2 Bending 3 Tension 2 Bending 4 Bench Value 431.6 1266. 1498. 2871. 3798. 4378. NX Nastran 437.2 1265. 1539. 2925. 3763. 4328.

Mode Number 1 2 3 4 5 Bench Value 392.8 902.2 1592. 2629. 3126. NX Nastran 398.5 927.3 1666. 2815. 3266.
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL01/89.
17-7
Chapter 17
17.3
Axial Loading on a Rod
This test is a modal analysis of a simply-supported beam with stress stiffening. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
sdll05a.dat sdll05b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2 x 1011 Pa = 7800 kg/m3

17-8
Boundary Conditions
Points A: u = v = 0 Points B: v = 0 Load case 2 (grid point 2): Fx = 1E05N in X direction Stress stiffening on
Solution Type
Results
Frequency results (Hz)
Load Case 1 2 Normal Mode Bending 1 Bending 2 Bending 1 Bending 2 Bench Value 28.70 114.8 22.43 109.1 NX Nastran 28.68 114.4 22.40 108.7
References
17-9
Chapter 17
17.4
Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section
This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam with a variable section. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2 x 1011 Pa = 7800 kg/m3
17-10

10 tapered beam (CBEAM) elements 11 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Clamp point A No load case
Solution Type
17-11
Chapter 17
Results
4 Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 Bench Value 54.18 171.9 384.4 697.2 1112. 56.55 175.8 389.0 702.4 1118. NX Nastran 54.24 172.4 384.9 695.4 1104. 56.59 176.3 389.5 700.6 1109.
References
17-12
17.5
Thin Circular Ring
This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
sdll11.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 7.2 x 1010 Pa = 0.3 = 2700 kg/m3
17-13
Chapter 17

Boundary Conditions
Free conditions Create one constraint set (kinematic DOF) to fully constrain the three grid points shown below (grid points 7, 21, 30). No load case
17-14
Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode Plane mode 1,2,3 Plane mode 4,5 Plane mode 6,7 Plane mode 8,9 Plane mode 10,11 Transverse Mode 1,2,3 Transverse Mode 4,5 Transverse Mode 6,7 Transverse Mode 8,9 Bench Value 0 318.4 900.5 1727. 2792. 0 511.0 1590. 3184. NX Nastran 0 319.0 900.9 1724. 2781. 0 511.0 1585. 3159. ADS # 1.000, 2.000, 3.000 7.000, 8.000 11.00, 12.00 15.00, 16.00 17.00, 18.00 4.000, 5.000, 6.000 9.000, 10.00 13.00, 14.00 19.00, 20.00
References
17-15
Chapter 17
17.6
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points
This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL12/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
sdll12.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 7.2 x 1010 Pa = 0.3 = 2700 kg/m3
17-16

17-17
Chapter 17
Boundary Conditions
Points A and B: Clamped in local coordinate system No load case
Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bench Value 235.3 575.3 1106. 1406. 1751. 2557. 2802. NX Nastran 235.9 575.2 1103. 1399. 1743. 2536. 2723.
References
17-18
17.7
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow
This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam, and a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL14/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
sdll14a.dat (test 1, L=0) sdll14b.dat (test 2, L=0.6) sdll14c.dat (test 3, L=2.0)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7800 kg/m3
17-19
Chapter 17

L = 0 or L = 0.6: 18 linear beam (CBAR) elements 19 grid points L = 2: 28 linear beam (CBAR) elements 29 grid points Two of the meshes are shown in the following gure:
17-20
Boundary Conditions
Clamp points C and D Point A: v = 0; w = 0 Point B: u = 0; w = 0
Solution Type
17-21
Chapter 17
Results
L 0 Normal Mode Transverse 1 Plane 1 Transverse 2 Plane 2 0.6000 Transverse 1 Plane 1 Transverse 2 Plane 2 2.000 Transverse 1 Plane 1 Transverse 2 Plane 2 Bench Value 44.23 119.0 125.0 227.0 33.40 94.00 100.0 180.0 17.90 24.80 25.30 27.00 NX Nastran 44.07 119.2 125.4 225.0 33.15 94.42 98.50 183.7 17.65 24.40 24.94 26.67 ADS# 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 1.000 3.000 2.000 4.000
References
17-22
17.8
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass
This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam and a lumped mass. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL15/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 7800 kg/m3
17-23
Chapter 17

Test 1: 10 linear beam (CBEAM) elements 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C 11 grid points
Test 2: 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C 11 grid points
The mesh both tests is is shown in the following gure:
Boundary Conditions
Clamp point A
Solution Type
SOL 103 normal mode dynamics SVI
17-24
Results
yc 0 Normal Mode Transverse 1,2 Transverse 3,4 Transverse 5,6 Tension 1 Torsion 1 Transverse 7,8 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bench Value 1.650 16.07 50.02 76.47 80.47 103.2 1.636 1.642 13.46 13.59 28.90 31.96 61.61 63.93 NX Nastran 1.650 15.88 48.64 76.42 80.68 97.89 1.633 1.638 13.36 13.59 29.20 31.57 59.85 61.72
Mode shapes results

yc 1 Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 Modal Displacement wc/wb uc/vb uc/vb wc/wb Bench Value 1.030 0.1480 2.882 0.9220 NX Nastran 1.030 0.1480 2.904 0.9800
wc = z displacement at point C wb = z displacement at point B uc = x displacement at point C vb = y displacement at point B
References
17-25
Chapter 17
17.9
Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free)
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin plate. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
sdls01a.dat sdls01b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7800 kg/m3
17-26

Boundary Conditions
Problem 1: AB side clamped Problem 2: Free plate; 1 kinematic DOF set (grid points 1, 11, 111)
Solution Type
17-27
Chapter 17
Results
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bench Value 8.727 21.30 53.55 68.30 77.74 136.0 NX Nastran 8.638 20.89 52.42 65.77 75.14 127.8

Normal Mode 7 8 9 10,11 Bench Value 33.71 49.46 61.05 87.52 NX Nastran 32.91 47.42 59.19 83.08
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS01/89..
17-28
17.10
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate

Input Files
sdls03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7800 kg/m3
17-29
Chapter 17

Boundary Conditions
Z-displacement = 0 on all sides of the plate One DOF set No load case
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics
17-30
Results
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bench Value 35.63 68.51 109.6 123.3 142.5 197.3 NX Nastran 35.27 67.29 108.5 120.8 138.2 188.2
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS03/89.
17-31
Chapter 17
17.11
Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub
Re = 0.1 m Ri = 0.2 m Thickness = .001 m

Input Files
sdls04.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7800 kg/m3
17-32

Boundary Conditions
If r = Ri: Clamp in local coordinate system. No load case.
17-33
Chapter 17
Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode 1 2,3 4,5 6,7 8,9 10,11 12,13 14,15 16,17 18 19,20 21,22 23 Bench Value 79.26 81.09 89.63 112.8 Not available Not available Not available Not available Not available 518.9 528.6 559.1 609.7 NX Nastran 79.22 80.72 88.83 111.3 152.7 212.9 290.1 382.9 490.3 510.9 519.7 546.2 590.3
References
17-34
17.12
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a cylindrical thin shell. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
= 0.5 rad AD = L = 0.3048m r = 2L = 0.6096m thickness = 3.048 x 103 m

Input Files
sdls05a.dat (coarse mesh) sdls05b.dat (ne mesh)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.0685 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7857.2 kg/m3
17-35
Chapter 17
Finite Element Modeling Coarse Mesh

The coarse mesh is shown in the following gure:
Finite Element Modeling Fine Mesh

The ne mesh is shown in the following gure:
17-36
Boundary Conditions
AD side: Clamped in local coordinate system.
Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bench Value 85.60 134.5 259.0 351.0 395.0 531.0 NX Nastran coarse mesh 84.60 137.1 240.7 333.3 370.0 503.7 NX Nastran ne mesh 85.30 137.8 243.9 338.1 378.3 515.4
References
17-37
Chapter 17
17.13
Bending of a Symmetric Truss
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (plane problem) of a straight cantilever beam structure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
h = 0.0048 m b = 0.029 m A = 1.392 x 104 m2 Iz = 2.673 x 1010 m4

Input File
sdlx01.dat
Units
SI
17-38
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7800 kg/m3

Boundary Conditions
Clamp points A and B
17-39
Chapter 17
Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bench Value 8.800 29.40 43.80 56.30 96.20 102.6 147.1 174.8 178.8 206.0 266.4 320.0 335.0 NX Nastran 8.769 29.34 43.82 56.25 95.43 102.5 146.2 173.1 177.4 202.9 262.4 309.7 321.9
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLX01/89.
17-40
17.14
Hovgaards Problem Pipes with Flexible Elbows
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a straight cantilever beam structure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX02/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
A = 0.3439 x 10E2 m2 R = 0.922 m e = 0.00612 m Re = 0.0925 m Ri = 0.08638 m Iy = Iz = 0.1377x104 m4 (straight elements) Iy = Iz = 0.5887x105 m4 (curved elements)

Input Files
sdlx02.dat
Units
SI
17-41
Chapter 17
Material Properties
E = 1.658 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 13404.106 kg/m3

17-42
Boundary Conditions
Clamp points A and B
Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bench Value 10.18 19.54 25.47 48.09 52.86 75.94 80.11 122.3 123.2 NX Nastran 10.39 19.85 25.32 47.74 51.78 83.00 85.12 125.8 127.7
References
17-43
Chapter 17
17.15
Rectangular Plates
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three dimensional problem) of a thin plate with rigid body modes. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
sdlx03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 = 7800 kg / m3
17-44

Boundary Conditions
Free plate One DOF set
Solution Type
SOL 103 Normal Mode Dynamics
17-45
Chapter 17
Results
Normal Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bench Value 584.0 826.0 855.0 911.0 1113. 1136. NX Nastran 577.0 813.0 844.0 895.0 1062. 1118.
References
17-46
Chapter
18 Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and Model Response
18.1 Transient Response of a Spring-Mass System with Acceleration Loading

This test is an undamped transient response by modal superposition. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLD04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Where: m = 1 kg k = 1000 N/m

Input Files
sdld04.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
Spring constant.
18-1
Chapter 18
Mechanical Structures Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and Model Response

3 lumped mass (CONM) elements 3 translational spring (CELAS) elements
Boundary Conditions
Points A: Clamped (u = v = 0 : - 0) Points B, C and D: v = 0 ; = 0 Point A: Set acceleration: u(t) = 2E5 * (t2) ; (0 < t < 0.1 s) Initial condition: u(0) = 0 ; u(0) = 0 at every point
The mesh and the boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
Solution Type
SOL 112 Modal Transient Response
Results
The mode shapes results are exact. Frequency results (Hz) Normal Mode 1 2 3 Bench Value 2.239 6.275 9.069 NX Nastran 2.239 6.275 9.069
18-2
Mode shapes results Normal Mode 1 Point B C D 2 B C D B C D Bench Value 0.4450 0.8019 1.000 1.000 0.4450 0.8019 0.8019 1.000 0.4450 NX Nastran 0.4450 0.8019 1.000 1.000 0.4450 0.8019 0.8019 1.000 0.4450
Transient response (Point D: X-displacement in meters) Time (sec) 0.02000 0.04000 0.05000 0.06000 0.08000 0.1000 Bench Value 0.002700 0.04260 0.1041 0.2158 0.6813 1.658 NX Nastran 0.002670 0.04270 0.1041 0.2160 0.6818 1.659
18-3
Chapter 18
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLD04/89.
18-4
18.2
Transient Response of a Clamped-free Post
This test is a transient response of a straight cantilever beam with acceleration and force loadings, and modal damping. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL06/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
sdll06.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 4 x 1010 Pa Iz = 3.285 x 101 m4 =0

18-5
Chapter 18
Boundary Conditions
To apply an acceleration A(t) at point A, we can do the following: Points A: Clamped (u = v = 0 : - 0) Point B: Set nodal force Fx(t) equal to mB * A(t) in the -X direction Fx(t) = m * A(t) Initial conditions: u(0) = 0 ; u (0) = 0 at every point
The mesh and the boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
18-6
Solution Type
SOL 109 Direct Transient Response
Results
uB displacement (mm) Time (s) 0.01000 0.02000 0.03000 0.04000 0.05000 0.06000 0.07000 0.08000 0.09000 0.1000 0.1200 0.1400 0.1600 0.1800 0.2000 Bench Value 0.06500 0.5130 1.679 3.457 5.316 6.764 7.609 7.774 7.244 6.068 2.242 2.367 6.149 7.783 6.698 NX Nastran 0.06570 0.5152 1.682 3.464 5.333 6.804 7.682 7.891 7.413 6.289 2.542 2.070 5.977 7.847 7.042
The problem with damping is not computed.
18-7
Chapter 18
References
18-8
Chapter
19 Stationary Thermal Tests Heat Transfer Analysis
19-1
Chapter 19
Stationary Thermal Tests Heat Transfer Analysis
19.1
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with xed temperatures. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Re = 0.30 m Ri = 0.35 m

Input Files
htpla01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
= 1 W/m C

10 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements
19-2
Boundary Conditions
One temperature set: Internal temperature Ti = 100 C External temperature Te = 20 C
Solution Type
SOL 153 Steady State Heat Transfer
Results
Temperature results Radius (m) 0.3000 0.3100 0.3200 0.3300 0.3400 0.3500 Bench Value (C) 100.0 82.98 66.51 50.54 35.04 20.00 NX Nastran (C) 100.0 82.98 66.51 50.54 35.04 20.00
Flux results Radius (m) 0.3000 0.3100 0.3200 0.3300 0.3400 0.3500 Bench Value (W/m2) 1730. 1674. 1622. 1573. 1526. 1483. NX Nastran (W/m2) 1702. 1666. 1614. 1565. 1519. 1505.
19-3
Chapter 19
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLA01/89.
19-4
19.2
Hollow Cylinder - Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA03/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Re = 0.300 m Ri = 0.391 m

Input Files
htpla03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
= 40.0 W/m C

20 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements
19-5
Chapter 19
Boundary Conditions
Convection on internal surface: hi = 150.0 W/m2 / C Ti = 500 C Convection on external surface: he = 142.0 W/m2 / C Ti = 20 C
Solution Type
Results
Temperature / Flux Ti (C) Te (C) i (W/m2) e (W/m2) /l=*2**R So: / l= 34173.82 * 2 * * 0.300 = 64416.13 W/m Bench Value 272.3 205.1 3.416E4 2.628E4 NX Nastran 272.5 204.6 3.378E4 2.642E4
References
19-6
19.3
Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric rod with xed temperatures and ux density. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA05/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
htpla05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
= 33.33 W/m C

20 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements 42 grid points
19-7
Chapter 19
Boundary Conditions
z=0 Set temperature to 0 C z=1 Set temperature to 500 C Cylindrical surface Set ux to 200 W/m2
19-8
Solution Type
SOL 153 Steady State Heat transfer
Results
Temperature results (C) Grid point # Grid point 3 Grid point 41 Grid point 39 Grid point 37 Grid point 35 Grid point 33 Grid point 31 Grid point 29 Grid point 27 Grid point 25 Grid point 4 z (m) 0 0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000 0.6000 0.7000 0.8000 0.9000 1.000 Bench Value 0 4.000 4.000 24.00 56.00 100.0 156.0 224.0 304.0 396.0 500.0 NX Nastran 0 4.020 3.980 23.97 55.97 99.97 156.0 224.0 304.0 396.0 500.0
Results are post-processed on the internal surface. NX Nastran does not make the approximation, T = cte when r is xed.
References
19-9
Chapter 19
19.4
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with two materials and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA08/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Ri = 0.30 m Rm = 0.35 m Re = 0.37 m

Input Files
htpla08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
Material 1: 1 = 40.0 W/m C Material 2: 2 = 20.0 W/m C

19-10
Boundary Conditions
Convection on internal surface hi = 150.0 W/m2 C Ti = 70 C Convection on external surface he = 200.0 W/m2 C Te = 15 C
Solution Type
Results
Grid point # Grid point 9 Grid point 14 Grid point 16 Grid point 9 Grid point 14 Grid point 16 Temperature Flux Ti (C) Tm (C) Te (C) Grid point 9 (W/m2) Grid point 14 (W/m**2) Grid point 16 (W/m2)
i
Bench Value 25.42 17.69 12.11 6687. 5732. 5422.
NX Nastran 25.45 17.68 12.09 6609. 5768. 5497.
/l = * 2 * * R
19-11
Chapter 19
So: /l= 5733.33 * 2 * * 0.35 = 12608.25 W/m
References
19-12
19.5
Wall-Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with xed convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLL03/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
htpl03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
= 1.0 W/m C

1 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) element 4 grid points
The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m. The mesh is shown in the following gure:
19-13
Chapter 19
Boundary Conditions
Convection on internal surface hA = 20.0 W/m2 C TA = 20.0 C Convection on external surface hB = 10.0 W/m2 C TB = 500.0 C Convection coefcient is dened as energy / (length * time * temperature) in the current system of units. The boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:
19-14
Solution Type
Results
Temperature Results Grid point # Grid point 2 Grid point 4 Grid point 1 Temperature / Flux TA (C) TB (C) (W/m2) Bench Value 21.71 416.6 834.2 NX Nastran 21.71 416.6 834.3
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL03/89.
19-15
Chapter 19
19.6
Wall-Fixed Temperatures
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with xed temperatures. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLL01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
htpl01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
= 0.75 W/m C

19-16
Boundary Conditions
Internal temperature Ti = 100 C External temperature Te = 20 C
Solution Type
Results
Temperature results (C) Grid point # Grid point 1 Grid point 3 Grid point 4 Grid point 5 Grid point 6 Grid point 2 The ux Length: x (m) 0 0.01000 0.02000 0.03000 0.04000 0.05000 Bench Value 100.0 84.00 68.00 52.00 36.00 20.00 NX Nastran 100.0 84.00 68.00 52.00 36.00 20.00
calculated with NX Nastran is exact:
= 1200 / 2
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL01/89.
19-17
Chapter 19
19.7
L-Plate
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D L-plate with xed temperatures. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
htpp01a.dat - linear quadrilateral thin shell elements htpp01b.dat - parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements
Units
SI
Material Properties
= 1.0 W/m C

Test 1 12 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements Test 2 12 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements
19-18
Boundary Conditions
AF side Set temperature to 10 C DE side Set temperature to 0 C
Solution Type
SOL153 Steady State Heat Transfer
Results
Temperature results (C) Node 8 Bench Value 7.869 NX Nastran CQUAD4 7.924 NX Nastran CQUAD8 7.882
19-19
Chapter 19
Node 9 10 19 18 20 17 6 16 21 15 14 5
Bench Value 5.495 2.816 8.018 5.680 2.881 8.514 6.667 2.972 9.001 8.640 9.316 9.009
NX Nastran CQUAD4 5.613 2.885 8.043 5.821 2.963 8.425 6.667 3.148 8.992 8.356 9.189 8.773
NX Nastran CQUAD8 5.519 2.834 8.015 5.665 2.877 8.518 6.667 2.962 9.107 8.668 9.282 8.961
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP01/89.
19-20
19.8
Orthotropic Square
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a square plate with orthotropic conduction and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP02/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
htpp02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
x = 1.00 W/m C x =.75 W/m C

The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m. The mesh is shown in the following gure:
19-21
Chapter 19
Boundary Conditions
Flux density Flux density
y y
= 60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1. (Entry) = 60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1. (Exit)
Convection on the faces X = 0.1 and x = 0.1: h = 15.0 W/m2 C
Linear variation of the external temperatures: Te = 30 80y on the face x = 0.1 Te = 15 80y on the face x = 0.1
Convection coefcient is dened as: Energy / (length * time * temperature)
Flux density is dened as: Energy / (length * time) in the current system of units
19-22
Solution Type
Results
Temperature Results Point 0 A B C D E F G H Flux Results (W/m2) Grid Point 61 X 61 Y Bench Value 45.00 60.00 NX Nastran 45.00 59.55 Bench Value (C) 22.50 35.00 26.00 10.00 19.00 30.50 18.00 14.50 27.00 NX Nastran (C) 22.50 34.80 25.80 10.20 19.20 30.50 18.00 14.50 27.00
19-23
Chapter 19
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP02/89.
19-24
19.9
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with xed temperatures and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV02/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Ri = 0.30 m Re = 0.35 m

Input Files
htpv02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
= 1 W/m C

500 linear brick (CHEXA) and linear wedge (CPENTA) elements 766 grid points
The test is executed on 1/8 mapped meshed sphere. The mesh is shown in the following gure:
19-25
Chapter 19
Boundary Conditions
Convection on internal surface hi = 30 W/m2 C Ti = 100 C Set external surface temperature Te to 20 C
The load sets are shown in the following gure:
Solution Type
19-26
Results
Temperature results (C) Radius r (m) 0.3000 0.3100 0.3200 0.3300 0.3400 0.3500 Bench Value 65.00 54.84 45.31 36.36 27.94 20.00 NX Nastran 64.88 54.75 45.25 36.33 27.92 20.00
Flux results (W/m2): (X-direction) Radius r (m) 0.3000 0.3100 0.3200 0.3300 0.3400 0.3500 Bench Value 1050. 983.4 922.9 867.5 817.5 771.4 NX Nastran 1013. 981.4 921.2 866.3 816.3 792.4
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLV02/89.
19-27
Chapter 19
19.10
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with two materials and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV04/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Ri = 0.30 m Rm = 0.35 m Re = 0.37 m

Input Files
htpv04a.dat (CHEXA & CPENTA) elements htpv04b.dat (CTETRA) elements htpv04c.dat (CTRIAX6) elements
Units
SI
Material Properties
Material 1: 1 = 40.0 W/m C Material 2: 2 = 20.0 W/m C

Test 1 - 700 solid linear brick (CHEXA) & solid linear wedge (CPENTA) elements Test 2 - 2192 solid parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements Test 3 - 8 axisymmetric parabolic (CTRIAX6) elements
19-28
The test is executed on a 1/8 meshed sphere The meshes are shown in the following gure:
Boundary Conditions
Convection on internal surface: hi = 150.0 W/m2 C Ti = 70 C Convection on external surface: he = 200.0 W/m2 C Te = 9 C
19-29
Chapter 19
Solution Type
Results
Temperature Rresults Temperature Flux (C) Ti Tm Te
i
Bench Value
NX Nastran Linear brick N1 25.02 N556 17.84 N778 13.18 N1 6487. N556 4931. N778 4531.
NX Nastran Parabolic Tetrahedron N19 25.06 N9 17.84 N5 13.15 N19 5865. N9 4765. N5 4551.
NX Nastran axisymmetric N2 24.98 N6 17.72 N5 13.15 N2 6390. N6 5148. N5 4547.
25.06 17.84 13.16 (W/m2) (W/m2) 6741. 4952. 4431.
m e
(W/m2)
= * 4 * * R2 So: = 4931.20 * 4 * * 0.352 = 7590.00 W Flux is in the x direction
References
19-30
Chapter
20 Thermo-mechanical Tests Linear Statics Analysis
20.1
Orthotropic Cube
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D cube with convection and ux density. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV07/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
htpv07.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
x = 1.00 W/m C y = 0.75 W/m C z = 0.50 W/m C
20-1
Chapter 20
Thermo-mechanical Tests Linear Statics Analysis

512 linear brick (CHEXA) elements 729 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Flux density Flux density Flux density Flux density y = 60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1 (Entry) y = 60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1 (Exit) z = 30 W/m2 for face z = 0.1 (Entry) z = 30 W/m2 for face z = 0.1 (Exit)
Convection on the faces X = 0.1 and x = 0.1: h = 15.0 W/m2 C
Linear variation of the external temperatures: Te = 30 80y 60z on the face x = 0.1 Te = 15 80y 60z on the face x = 0.1
20-2
Solution Type
Results
Temperature results (C) Point (A) (B) (C) (D) S F M H N P J I E R Q K Bench Value 35.00 26.00 10.00 19.00 30.50 18.00 14.50 27.00 29.00 20.00 4.000 13.00 16.50 41.00 32.00 16.00 NX Nastran 34.70 25.70 10.30 19.30 30.40 18.00 14.60 27.00 29.00 20.00 4.600 13.60 16.60 40.40 31.40 16.00
20-3
Chapter 20
Point L G
Bench Value 25.00 28.50
NX Nastran 25.00 28.40
References
20-4
20.2
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe
This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin pipe with thermal gradient and plane strain. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLA01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Ri = 0.020 m Re = 0.025 m

Input Files
hsla01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 1.0 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 Coefcient of expansion: = 1.0 x 105/C

20-5
Chapter 20
Boundary Conditions
Articulate AB side
Radial temperature
with Ti = 100 C, and Te = 0 C.
20-6
Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear statics
Results
Point r=Ri r = (Re + Ri) / 2 r = Re Stress r (Pa) 265x (Pa) 265y r (Pa) 270x (Pa) 270y r (Pa) 275x (Pa) 275y Bench Value 0 74.07 E6 3.950 E6 1.306 E6 0 68.78 E6 NX Nastran 14.03 E6 79.84 E6 3.908 E6 1.469 E6 11.31 E6 73.69 E6
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLA01/89.
20-7
Chapter 20
20.3
Simply-Supported Arch
This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin curved beam with thermal gradient and articulation. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLL01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
R = 10 m A = 144 x 104 m2 I = 1.728 x 105 m4
Beam cross section:

Input Files
hsll01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 0.2 x 1011 Pa = 0.3 Coefcient of expansion: = 11.0 x 106/C

50 linear beam (CBAR) elements
20-8
51 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Articulate point A and B Top temperature Ts = 160 C Middle temperature Tm = 100 C Bottom temperature Ti = 40 C
Solution Type
20-9
Chapter 20
Results
Point = /2 Force Moment M N T = /4 M N T =0 M N T Bench Value 0 0 479.2 3388. 338.8 338.8 4792. 479.2 0 NX Nastran 4.040 e5 15.10 527.6 3729. 373.2 373.2 5277. 527.5 15.00
Post Processing
List the beam forces M - Z bending moment N - axial force T - Y shear force
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLL01/89.
20-10
Part
VII Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verication Using NAFEMS Test Cases . . 21-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1
Chapter
21 Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verication Using NAFEMS Test Cases
The purpose of this section is to verify the accuracy and robustness of NX Nastran. The plasticity verication uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards (NAFEMS) in Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain, Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. (See Reference.) To perform the tests, input data is applied to single elements including plane strain elements, plane stress elements, axisymmetric solid elements, and solid elements. Results are tabulated and compared to results published by NAFEMS. The plasticity verication includes perfect plasticity and isotropic hardening tests. Within these categories, results for uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests are provided.
21.1
Understanding the Verication Format
The format for the nonlinear section of the Solver Verication document looks somewhat different from the linear section. Each test case in this section provides a brief description of the test including input data. The results are then displayed in the form of a graph comparing NX Nastran Nonlinear results published by NAFEMS for the same test case.
21.2
Reference
The following reference has been used in the NX Nastran Plasticity verication problems: Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain, Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, April, 1987.
21-1
Chapter
22
Test Cases
22.1
Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests
This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane stress elements: Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial displacement tests.

Input Files
nlspls89.dat (uniaxial) nlspls90.dat (biaxial)
Units
Inch
Attributes
Load Control
Material Properties
E = 250000.0
22-1
Chapter 22
Test Cases
= 0.25 y = 5.0 H = 0.0

o
= 0.000025 (strain at rst yield)
Boundary Conditions
The following gure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to each. The strain state is completely dened as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are suppressed or prescribed. These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not illustrate the time history of the applied conditions.
22-2
Test Cases
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results compared with NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.
History 1 2 3 4
Strain XX 0.2500D4 0.5000D4 0.2500D4 0D+00
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
Strain ZZ 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
10 increments per strain history step
22-3
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Biaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.
History Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Strain XX 0.2500D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.2500D4 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0.2500D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.2500D4 0D+00
Strain ZZ 0D00 0D00 0D00 0D00 0D00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
22-4
Test Cases
References
Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain, Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.3-2.25.
22-5
Chapter 22
Test Cases
22.2
Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests
This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane strain elements: Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial displacement tests.

Input Files
nslpls91.dat (uniaxial) nlspls92.dat (biaxial)
Units
Inch
Attributes
Load Control
Material Properties
E = 250000.0 = 0.25 y = 5.0 H = 62500.0
o
22-6
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
22-7
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with isotropic hardening.
History 1 2 3 4
Strain XX 0.2500D4 0.5000D4 0.2500D4 0D00
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
Strain ZZ 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
22-8
Test Cases
Biaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test result for plane strain with isotropic hardening.
Strain XX 0.2500D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.2500D4 0D00 0D00 0D00
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0.2500D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.5000D4 0.2500D4 0D00
Strain ZZ 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
22-9
Chapter 22
Test Cases
References
Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain, Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.26 - 2.35.
22-10
Test Cases
22.3
Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests
This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane strain elements: Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial displacement tests. The following gure shows the geometry:

Input Files
nlspls61.dat (uniaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements nlspls62.dat (uniaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements nlspls65.dat (biaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements nlspls66.dat (biaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
Units
Inch
Material Properties
E = 250000.0 = 0.25 y = 5.0 H = 0.0
o
= 0.2080126 x 104 (strain at rst yield)
22-11
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
22-12
Test Cases
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane stress with perfect plasticity.
History 1 2 3 4
Strain XX 0.2080D4 0.4160D4 0.2080D4 0.4235D21
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
Strain ZZ -0.6934D5 -0.2538D4 -0.1835D4 -0.1128D4
22-13
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Biaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
History Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Strain XX 0.2080D4 0.4160D4 0.4160D4 0.4160D4 0D00 0D00 0D00
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0.2080D4 0.4160D4 0.4160D4 0.1872D4 0D00
Strain ZZ -0.6934D5 -0.2528D4 -0.4284D4 -0.6513D4 -0.5035D4 -0.3871D4 -0.1867D4
22-14
Test Cases
References
22-15
Chapter 22
Test Cases
22.4
Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests
This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the these plane stress elements: Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial displacement tests. The following gure shows the geometry:

Input Files
nlspls71.dat (uniaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements nlspls72.dat (uniaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements nlspls75.dat (biaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements nlspls76.dat (biaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
Units
Inch
Material Properties
E = 250000.0 = 0.25 y = 5.0 H = 62500.0
o
= 0.2080126 x 104 (strain at rst yield)
22-16
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
The following gure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to each. The strain state is completely dened as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are suppressed or prescribed. These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of the applied conditions.
22-17
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
History 1 2 3 4
Strain XX 0.2080D4 0.4160D4 0.2080D4 0.4235D21
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
Strain ZZ -0.6934D5 -0.2249D4 -0.1555D4 -0.8619D5
22-18
Test Cases
Biaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements. Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
Strain XX 0.2080D4 0.4160D4 0.4160D4 0.4160D4 0.2080D4 0D00 0D00 0D00
Strain YY 0D+00 0D+00 0.2080D4 0.4160D4 0.4160D4 0.4160D4 0.2080D4 0D00
Strain ZZ -0.6934D5 -0.2249D4 -0.3569D4 -0.5406D4 -0.4712D4 -0.4102D4 -0.3408D4 -0.2715D4
22-19
Chapter 22
Test Cases
References
22-20
Test Cases
22.5
Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests
This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid parabolic brick element.

Input Files
nlspls08.dat
Units
Inch
Material Properties
E = 250000.0 = 0.25
y
= 5.0
H = 0.0
o
Boundary Conditions
The following gure shows the parabolic brick (CHEXA) element and the boundary conditions applied to it. The strain state is completely dened as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are suppressed or prescribed. These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of the applied conditions.
22-21
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History History 1 2 3 4 Strain XX 2.500E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00 Strain YY 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 Strain ZZ 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
22-22
Test Cases
The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
22-23
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Biaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Strain XX 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
Strain YY 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00
Strain ZZ 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
- 10 increments per strain history step
22-24
Test Cases
Triaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Strain XX 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
Strain YY 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00 0E+00
Strain ZZ 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E 5
22-25
Chapter 22
Test Cases
History 12
Strain XX 0E+00
Strain YY 0E+00
Strain ZZ 0E+00
References
22-26
Test Cases
22.6
Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests
This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid parabolic brick element (CHEXA), which has 20 grid points.

Input Files
nlspls09.dat
Units
Inch
Material Properties
E = 250000.0 = 0.25
y
= 5.0
H = 62500.0
o
Boundary Conditions
The following gure shows the parabolic brick element and the boundary conditions applied to it. The strain state is completely dened as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are suppressed or prescribed. These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of the applied conditions.
22-27
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
History 1 2 3 4
Strain XX 2.500E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00
Strain YY 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
Strain ZZ 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
22-28
Test Cases
Biaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Strain XX 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
Strain YY 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00
Strain ZZ 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
22-29
Chapter 22
Test Cases
Triaxial Displacement Test Applied Strain History The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Strain XX 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
Strain YY 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5 0E+00 0E+00
Strain ZZ 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 5.000E5 2.500E5
22-30
Test Cases
History 12
Strain XX 0E+00
Strain YY 0E+00
Strain ZZ 0E+00
References
22-31
Part
VIII Geometric Nonlinear Verication Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verication Using NAFEMS Test Cases . . . . . . . . . 23-1 Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-1
Chapter
23 Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verication Using NAFEMS Test Cases
This section veries the accuracy and robustness of the arc-length method of NX Nastran. The geometric nonlinear verication uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards (NAFEMS) in NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks and A Review of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells. (See References.)
23.1
Understanding the Verication Format
Each test case includes the following information. Test case data and information: - Units - Material properties - Finite element modeling information - Boundary conditions (loads and restraints) - Solution type Results time history versus Load Factor plots are presented. (Note that in NX Nastran, the load factor is displayed as "eigenvalue".) Reference
23.2

Reference
The following references have been used for these verication problems: NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6. NAFEMS, A Review of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) (Glasgow: NAFEMS, Ref. R0024.)
23-1
Chapter
24
Test Cases
24.1
Straight Cantilever with End Moment
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of equal-sized elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NL5.
Test attributes: Bending action only Initially straight elements Load control

Input Files
nfnl05a.dat (load control) nfnl05b.dat (arc-length control)
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 210 x 109 N / m2
24-1
Chapter 24
Test Cases
SI
= 0.0

32 linear beam (CBEAM) elements
Boundary Conditions
U=V= = 0 at point B
Concentrated load at Point A applied in equal increments up to a maximum value of M L / 2 E I = 1.0
Solution Type
SOL 106 Geometric Nonlinear Loading method arc-length control. Adaptive search control: Initial increment factor = 0.05 Target number of iterations = 6
24-2
Test Cases
Maximum number of splits = 3 Max increment factor = 1 Number of reporting steps = 18 Geometric nonlinear 2 Loading method load control. 6 equal steps.
Results
Normalizing Constants 2 E I / L = 3436.12 x 103 Nm
L = 3.2 m 2 = 6.28319
Graphs of Results Free end axial displacement vs. Load Factor
24-3
Chapter 24
Test Cases
Vertical displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
24-4
Test Cases
Rotational displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
References
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks (Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL5.
24-5
Chapter 24
Test Cases
24.2
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a straight cantilever with an axial end point load, made up of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NL6.
Attributes of this test are: Combined bending and membrane action. Presence of bifurcation. Initially straight elements. Load control.

Input Files
nlsarg07.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 210 x 109 N/m2 = 0.0
24-6
Test Cases

256 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements.
Boundary Conditions
U = V = = 0 at point B. Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493.
Solution Type
SOL 106 Geometric Nonlinear
Results
Normalizing Constants: EI / L2 = 170898 N L + 3.2 m = 3.14159
24-7
Chapter 24
Test Cases
Graphs of results: X-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor.
24-8
Test Cases
Y-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor
Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.
24-9
Chapter 24
Test Cases
24.3
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF6.

Input Files
nlsarp01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 210 x 109 N/m2 = 0.0

32 linear (CBEAM) elements
24-10
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
U = V = = 0 at point B. Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493 or P = 3.85 x 106 N
Solution Type
Results
Normalizing Constants: EI / L
2
= 170898 N
= 3.14159
24-11
Chapter 24
Test Cases
Graphs of results: X-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
24-12
Test Cases
Y-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
24-13
Chapter 24
Test Cases
Rz-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.
24-14
Test Cases
24.4
Lees Frame Buckling Problem
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF7. Attributes of this test are:

Input Files
nlsarg01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 71.74 x 109 N/m2 = 0.0
24-15
Chapter 24
Test Cases

20 linear beam (CBEAM) elements
Boundary Conditions
U = V = 0; 0 at points B and C Concentrated load at Point A applied incrementally using arc-length constraint with automatic adjustment of arc length (P = 20000 N)
Solution Type
24-16
Test Cases
Results
Normalizing Constants EI / L2 = 996.389 N, L = 1.2 m Graphs of results: Y-displacement at grid point 13 vs. Load Factor
Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL7.
24-17
Chapter 24
Test Cases
24.5 Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under Uniform Pressure Loading
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a hinged spherical shell element under uniform pressure loading. This document provides the input data and results for A Review of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) 3DNLG-7.

Input Files
nlsarg05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 69 = 0.3

The shell midsurface is dened in terms of the global Cartesian coordinate system where Z = 2.0285 x 10 4 [X (1570 X) + Y (1570 Y)].
24-18
Test Cases
Boundary Conditions
Evenly distributed follower pressure load normal to shell surface. Maximum pressure = 0.1. Pressure follows the deformation of the shell surface.
Solution Type
SOL 106 Geometric Nonlinear Loading method: Arc-length control
Adaptive search control: Initial increment factor = 0.3 Target number of iterations = 6 Maximum number of splits = 3 Maximum increment factor = 1 Number of reporting steps = 18
24-19
Chapter 24
Test Cases
24.6
Results
Magnitude displacement at grid point 145 vs. Load Factor
24.7
Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. A Review of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) Glasgow: NAFEMS, Ref. R0024. Test No. 3DNLG-7
24-20

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1 Overview of the Verication Manual

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Running the Test Cases

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II Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions

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3 Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions

Understanding the Test Case Format

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Overview of Linear Statics Verication Using Theoretical Solutions

References (text from which a closed-form or theoretical solution was taken)

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions

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Point Load on a Cantilever Beam

Test Case Data and Information

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Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

Loads Set grid force to 50,000 lb in. the -Y direction.

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Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

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The boundary conditions are shown in the following gure:

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Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

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Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.

Loads Dene a distributed load of 250 lb/in. in the Y direction.

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

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Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

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Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

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Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

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Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

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