Learning Activities

I. Basic concepts Activity I.1 In this activity you will explore previous knowledge about statistics basic concepts 1. Reflect on the following questions a) What is statistics Is the science in charge to collect, to organize, to summarize and to analyze data to obtain conclusions from them. b) Do you know any report that uses statistics? Yes, for example documentary research, they must support their data, so they use statistics. c) What means of communication uses statistics frequently? The news. d) How do you identify statistics information in an article? By graphing, or percentages.

THE HISTORY OF STATISTICS

Since the beginning of humanity statistics was already used for this, both skins, rocks, wooden sticks, as well as with various other materials.

The statistic was also heavily used by various civilizations like the Babylonians, Greeks and Egyptians, who used this tool to make a report of agricultural products, livestock, etc.. It was also to develop census Make use of both population and land. Even in Chin numerical records existed around 2000 BC

It is known that the Greeks used census statistics for various purposes such as tax, social and military.

Even in the Bible we can see the use made of the statistical Jews in Numbers and Chronicles books.

However, Roman civilization was far more who use statistics in both the point of births, deaths, and in the newspaper report of the riches earned and held in the territories under Roman rule. William Farr (1807-1889) was the major driver of medical statistics in England during the nineteenth century. Born in Kenley, Shropshire, made from bright young medical career. He was responsible for the definitive incorporation in their country of Medicine at registry offices generally to highlight a very energetic, articulate the value of statistics and demographic findings for the health protection of the population. His famous letters on mortality in England, published between 1839 and 1880, and the number of their items collected in the 1885 Vital Statistics, presented in great detail their views on these issues. In a famous letter, which referred the Daily News on February 17, 1886, said subsequently that called Farr law, according to which an epidemic at first increases rapidly in intensity, then rises slowly to reach a peak case fatality and, from there, decays even faster than the climb.

Back in 1840 Farr had drawn this curve many times proven, when applied to the smallpox epidemic. In the period 1865-1866 there was a terrible epidemic bovine, which is expressed in practice observations, because the intensity of the plague descended, after reaching the maximum number of victims, as he had planned. Many authors have used after plotting epidemic curves as statistical method and as an element in the calculation according to the tenets of preventive Farr, who was also the creator of the system implemented by many institutions around the world to classify written medical production.

Very studious also of the history of medicine, Farr got an important collection of notable cases and famous men of his country, which he published in 1835 entitled "British Medical Almanack". "History of the medical profession in England", an important contribution to that specialty, was released in 1839 and, a year later, another work also transcendental, namely, his "Essay on the prognosis."

Research about the following concepts.

Statistics Is the science in charge to collect, to organize, to summarize and to analyze data to obtain conclusions from them. Descriptive statistics Is in charge of the collection, organization, presentation and analysis of a population. Interferential Statistics Is in charge to analyze information presented by the descriptive statistics through techniques that help us to know, with certain confidence, to the population, that allow us to take decisions. Population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, who live in the same geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. Sample Is a set of data collected and/or selected from a population by a defined procedure. Individual Is the state or quality of being an individual; a person separate from other persons and possessing his or her own needs or goals. Variable Is the operationalized way in which the attribute is represented for further data processing. Quantitative variable Variables are expressed by numerical quantities. Qualitative variable These are the variables that express different qualities, characteristics, or mode. Each method presented is called attribute or category and measurement is a classification of these attributes. Data Are values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items.

Discrete variable Is a variable that can only take values in a countable set, ie does not accept any value but only those who belong to the set. Continuous variable Can take any value within a predetermined range. And always between two observables will be a third intermediate value could also take the continuous variable. Scale Organization of qualitative data in scientific methods, and that the scales are also a method to classify objects or events Nominal scale Is to classify objects or phenomena, by selected characteristics, types or names, giving them a name or symbol, without implying any relationship of order, distance or proportion between the objects or phenomenon. Ordinal scale Also called hierarchical scale, with it set relative positions of objects or phenomena under study, with respect to some characteristic of interest, without reflecting distances between them. Survey A method for collecting quantitative information about items in a population. Experiment Is an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis. Documental research All that contained in a permanent and unchanging support or document.

Make a word document that includes answers of the questions at the beginning of the activity, researched definitions and an essay about the history of statistics.