Anda di halaman 1dari 5

International Journal of Computational Engineering Research||Vol, 03||Issue, 5||

www.ijceronline.com ||May ||2013|| Page 23


Integral Solutions of the Homogeneous Cubic Equation
M.A.Gopalan
1
, V.Geetha
2

1.
Professor, Department of Mathematics, Shrimathi Indira Gandhi College, Trichy
2.
Asst.Professor, Department of Mathematics, Cauvery College For Women, Trichy.





M.Sc 2000 Mathematics subject classification:11D25
NOTATIONS:
Special Number Notations Definitions
Gnomonic number G
n
1 2 n
Pronic number P
n
) 1 ( + n n
Star number S
n
1 ) 1 ( 6 + n n
Octahedral number OH
n

3
) 1 2 (
2
+ n n


I. I.INTRODUCTION
Integral solutions for the homogeneous or non-homogeneous Diophantine cubic equations is an
interesting concept as it can be seen from[1-2]. In [3-13] a few special cases of cubic Diophantine equations
with 4 unknowns are studied. In [ 14-15], the cubic equation with five unknowns is studied for its non-zero
integral solutions. This communication concerns with a another interesting cubic equation with five unknowns
given by
2 3 3 3 3
) ( ) ( ) ( X w z y x w z zw w z y x xy y x + + + = + + + + for determining its integral
solutions. A few interesting relations between the solutions are presented.
II. METHOD OF ANALYSIS
The cubic Diophantine equation with five unknowns to be solved for getting non-zero integral
solutions is

2 3 3 3 3
) ( ) ( ) ( X w z y x w z zw w z y x xy y x + + + = + + + + (1)
On substituting the linear transformations
p u w p u z v u y v u x = + = = + = , , , (2)
in (1) leads to

2 2 2
X p v = (3)
2.1Pattern 1:
Equation (3) can be written as,

2 2 2
X p v + = (4)
ABSTRACT:
The cubic equation
2 3 3 3 3
) ( ) ( ) ( X w z y x w z zw w z y x xy y x + + + = + + + + is
analysed for its non-zero integral solutions. A few interesting relations between the solutions and
special numbers are exhibited.
Keywords: Homogeneous equation with five unknowns, Integral solutions.

Integral Solutions of the Homogeneous Cubic Equation
www.ijceronline.com ||May ||2013|| Page 24
which is satisfied by
o n m
mn X n m p n m v
n m X mn p n m v
> >

= = + =
= = + =
2 , ,
, 2 ,
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
(5)
Substituting (5) in (2) , the two sets of solutions satisfying (1) are obtained as follows:
SET 1:

2 2
2 2
2 2
) , (
2 ) , , (
2 ) , , (
) , , (
) , , (
n m n m X
mn u n m u w
mn u n m u z
n m u n m u y
n m u n m u x
=
=
+ =
=
+ + =


SET 2:

mn n m X
n m u n m u w
n m u n m u z
n m u n m u y
n m u n m u x
2 ) , (
) , , (
) , , (
) , , (
) , , (
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
=
+ =
+ =
=
+ + =

2.2Pattern 2:
Equation (3) can be written as
1
2 2 2
- = + v X p (6)
Assume
2 2
b a v + = (7)
Write 1 as

n
n n
i i
2
2 2
2
) 1 ( ) 1 (
1
+
= (8)
Substituting (7) and (8) in (6) and using the method of factorization, define

n
n
i
ib a iX p
2
) 1 (
) (
2
2
+
+ = + (9)
Equating real and imaginary parts of (9),we have

2
sin 2
2
cos ) (
2 2
t t n
ab
n
b a p =

2
cos 2
2
sin ) (
2 2
t t n
ab
n
b a X + =
Integral Solutions of the Homogeneous Cubic Equation
www.ijceronline.com ||May ||2013|| Page 25
The corresponding integral values of w z y x , , , and X satisfying (1) are obtained as,

2
cos 2
2
sin ) ( ) , (
2
sin 2
2
cos ) ( ) , , (
2
sin 2
2
cos ) ( ) , , (
) , , (
) . , (
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
t t
t t
t t
n
ab
n
b a b a X
n
ab
n
b a u b a u w
n
ab
n
b a u b a u z
b a u b a u y
b a u b a u x
+ =
+ =
+ =
=
+ + =

Properties:
1.Each of the following expression is a nasty number
i. | | | |
2 2 2
)) , , ( ) , , ( ( 3 ) , , ( 12 ) 1 ( ) , , ( ) , , ( 3 b a u w b a u z b a u x b a u y b a u x
n
+
ii. | |
2 2 2
) ( ) , , ( ) , , ( 6 b a b a u y b a u x + +
2. )) , , ( ) , , ( ), , , ( ) , , ( ), , , ( 2 ( b a u y b a u x b a u w b a u z b a u x forms a Pythagorean triple.
3.If b a, are taken as the generators of the Pythagorean triangle ) , , ( | o whose sides are
2 2 2 2
; 2 ; b a ab b a + = = = | o then the product
(

|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
+
2
sin
2
) , , ( ) , , (
2
cos ) , (
2
cos
2
) , , ( ) , , (
2
sin ) , (
t t t t n b a u w b a u z n
b a X
n b a u w b a u z n
b a X
represents two times its area.
4. ) 2 (mod 0 ) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( b a u w b a u z b a u y b a u x
5. ) 2 (mod 0 ) , , ( ) , , ( b a u y b a u x

2.3Pattern 3:
In (6) 1 can be written as

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
) (
) 2 )( 2 (
1
q p
pq i q p pq i q p
+
+ +
= ; 0 > > q p
Proceeding as in Pattern II

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
) (
) 2 )( 2 (
) (
q p
pq i q p pq i q p
ib a iX p
+
+ +
+ = + (10)
Equating real and imaginary parts,

) (
4
) (
) (
) (
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
q p
pq
ab
q p
q p
b a p
+

= (11)

) (
) (
2
) (
2
) (
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
q p
q p
ab
q p
pq
b a X
+

+
+
= (12)
Integral Solutions of the Homogeneous Cubic Equation
www.ijceronline.com ||May ||2013|| Page 26
Since our aim is to find the integral solutions, substituting B q p b A q p a ) ( , ) (
2 2 2 2
+ = + = in (7),(11)
and (12)
) ( ) (
2 2 2 2 2
B A q p v + + = (13)
| | ABpq q p B A q p p 4 ) )( ( ) (
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ = (14)
) ( ) ( 2 ) )( ( 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
q p AB q p B A q p pq X + + + = (15)
Substituting (13), and (14) in (2) and using (15) we have the integral solutions of (1) as,

) ( ) ( 2 ) )( ( 2 ) , (
4 ) ( ) )( )( ( ) , , (
4 ) ( ) )( )( ( ) , , (
) ( ) ( ) , , (
) ( ) ( ) , , (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
q p AB q p B A q p pq B A X
ABpq q p q p B A q p u B A u w
ABpq q p q p B A q p u B A u z
B A q p u B A u y
B A q p u B A u x
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + =
+ + + =

Properties:
1. | | ) 8 (mod 0 ) , , ( ) ( 2 ) , , ( ) , , ( 4
2 2
+ q p u x q p q p u w q p u z pq
2. ) 8 (mod 0 ) 1 , , ( ) 1 , , ( ) ( 2
4 4
+ p p u z p p u w q p G
p

3. | | 0 ) ( 2 ) 1 , , ( ) ( ) 1 , , ( ) 1 , , (
1
3 2 2 2 2
= + +
p
P q p p p u x q p p p u w p p u z pq
4. | | ) 4 (mod 0 ) 1 , , ( ) 1 , , ( 3 ) ( 2
2 2 2
+ + p p u x p p u y S q p
p

5. ) 2 (mod 0 ) , , ( ) , , ( 3 + pq p p u w p p u z OH
pq

6.
2 2 2
) ( 10 ) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( q q p q p u x q p u z q p u w + + + is a perfect square.
7. Each of the following expression is a nasty number
i. | | ) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( 6 B A u w B A u z B A u y B A u x u + + +
ii. | | ) , , ( ) , , ( 6 A A u y A A u x
III. CONCLUSION
To conclude one may search for other patterns of solutions and their corresponding properties.
REFERENCES
[1]. L.E. Dickson, History of Theory of Numbers, Vol 2,Chelsea Publishing Company, New York, 1952.
[2]. L.J .Mordell, Diophantine Equations, Academic Press,London,1969.
[3]. M.A. Gopalan, and S. Premalatha, Integral solutions of
3 2 2
) 1 ( 2 ) )( ( z k w xy y x + = + + , Bulletin of Pure
and Applied Sciences, Vol.29E,No.2,197-202, 2009.
[4]. M.A. Gopalan, and V. Pandichelvi, Remarkable Solutions on the cubic equation with four
unknowns
2 3 3 3
) ( 28 w z y x z y x + + = + + , Antarctica J Math, ,Vol.7, No.4,393-401, 2010.
[5]. M.A. Gopalan, and B.Sivakami, Integral solutions of homogeneous cubic equation with four unknowns
3 3 3 3
) ( 2 3 w y x xyz z y x + + = + + , Impact. J.Sci.Tech.Vol.4,No.3,53-60,2010.
Integral Solutions of the Homogeneous Cubic Equation
www.ijceronline.com ||May ||2013|| Page 27
[6]. M.A.Gopalan and S.Premalatha, On the cubic Diophantine equation with four
unknowns
3 2 2
) 2 ( 2 ) )( ( z n n w xy y x + = + , International Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Vol.9,No.1-2,
Jan-June, 171-175,2010.
[7]. M.A.Gopalan and J.Kaligarani, Integral solutions of zw w z w z y x xy y x ) ( ) (
3 3 3 3
+ + + = + + + Bulletin of
Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol.29E,No.1,169-173, 2010.
[8]. M.A. Gopalan,and S. Premalatha, Integral solutions of
3 2
) 1 ( 2 ) )( ( z k w xy y x + = + + , The Global Journal of
Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Vol.3,No.1-2, 51-55,2010.
[9]. M.A.Gopalan , S.Vidhyalakshmi, and A.Mallika, Observation on cubic equation with four unknowns
3 2
2 w z xy = + , The
Global Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Vol.2,No.1-2, 69-74,2012.
[10]. M.A.Gopalan , S.Vidhyalakshmi, and A.Mallika, Observation on cubic equation with four
unknowns ) ( ) ( 2
2 3 3 3
y x w z y x + + = + ,IJAMP,Vol.4,No.2, 103-107,2012.
[11]. M.A.Gopalan , S.Vidhyalakshmi, and G.Sumathi, On the homogeneous cubic equation with four
unknowns ) ( 3 14
2 3 3 3
y x w z y x + = + , Discovery, Vol.2, Np.4,17-19,2012.
[12]. M.A.Gopalan and K.Geetha , Observations on cubic equation with four
unknowns
2 3 3 3
) ( 2 ) ( w y x z y x xy y x + + = + + + , International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematical
Sciences, Vol.6,No.1,25-30,2013.
[13]. M.A.Gopalan , Manju Somanath and V.Sangeetha Lattice Points on the homogeneous cubic equation with four
unknowns . 1 , ) 1 ( ) )( (
3 2 2
> = + + k z k w xy y x Indian journal of Science, Vol.2,No.4, 97-99,2013.
[14]. M.A. Gopalan, S.Vidhyalakshmi,and T.R.UshaRani, On the cubic equation with five unknowns
3 2 3 3 3
) ( w y x t z y x + + + = + , Indian journal of Science, Vol.1,No.1,17-20,2012.
[15]. M.A. Gopalan, S.Vidhyalakshmi,and T.R.UshaRani, Integral solutions of the cubic equation
3 3 3 3 3
kt v u y x = + + + , Bessel J.Math, Vol.3,No.1,69-75,2013.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai