Mechanical Properties

Table of Contents
Tensile Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Poissons Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Modulus of Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Flexural Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Flexural Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Rockwell Hardness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Izod Impact Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Compressive Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Shear Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Apparent Creep Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Abrasion Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Coefficient of Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Deformation Under Compressive Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Resistance to Compressive Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

This document reports accurate and reliable information to the best of our knowledge, but our suggestions and recommendations cannot be guaranteed because the conditions of use are beyond our control. Information presented herein is given without reference to any patent questions which may be encountered in the use thereof. Such questions should be investigated by those using this information. Phillips Petroleum Company assumes no responsibility for the use of information presented herein and hereby disclaims all liability in regard to such use.

For more information and technical assistance contact: Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, LP P.O. Box 3766 Houston, TX 77253-3766 1-877-798-6666

1629-95 K 01

1995 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, LP

Ryton Engineering Properties

Tensile Strength ASTM D638

The tensile strengths of several Ryton PPS compounds were determined at various temperatures ranging from 0 to 500F. The data illustrated in Figure 1 include the following grades of Ryton PPS: R-4, R-4 02XT, R-4 04, R-7, A-200 and R-10 7006A. Test specimen molding conditions for all grades were stock temperature of 600 650F and mold temperature of 275F. Figure 2 illustrates the typical stress/strain curves at room temperature for Ryton PPS R-4, R-4XT, R-4 02XT, R-4 04, R-7 and A-200.
Figure 1 Effect of Temperature on Tensile Strength
30 30

Ryton R-4
TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0

Ryton R-4 02XT

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

30

30

Ryton R-10 7006A

TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 30 30 300 400

Ryton R-7

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

Ryton R-4 04
TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0

Ryton A-200

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

Mechanical Properties

Figure 2 Typical Stress-Strain Curves for RytonPPS at Room Temperature

32.0 32.0

Ryton R-4
28.0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 ELONGATION, % 32.0 32.0 ELONGATION AT BREAK TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 28.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Ryton R-4 XT
ELONGATION AT BREAK

1.2

1.4

1.6

ELONGATION, %

Ryton R-4 02XT

28.0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 ELONGATION, % 32.0 32.0 ELONGATION AT BREAK 28.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Ryton R-4 04

ELONGATION AT BREAK

1.2

1.4

1.6

ELONGATION, %

Ryton R-7
28.0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 ELONGATION, % 28.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Ryton A-200

ELONGATION AT BREAK

ELONGATION AT BREAK

1.2

1.4

1.6

ELONGATION, %

Poissons Ratio

The Poissons ratio is defined by the change in width divided by the change in length during tensile testing. The Poissons ratio is an inherent test for plastic materials and is used extensively in part design. The Ryton PPS compounds range from 0.357 to 0.396 in Poissons ratio and an isotopic, incompressible material is 0.5. The Poissons ratio increases with temperature.

Table I Poisson's Ratio for Ryton PPS Compounds Grade R-4 R-4XT R-4 04 R-7 A-200 Poissons Ratio 0.380 0.400 0.384 0.357 0.396

Ryton Engineering Properties

Modulus of Elasticity ASTM D638

The elastic modulus is the slope of the initial linear portion of the stress-strain curve, developed using an Instron with an extensiometer attachment. Ryton PPS specimens, molded at a stock temperature of 600 650F and a mold temperature of 275F, were tested at a loading rate of 0.1 inch/minute.

Table II Modulus of Elasticity of Ryton PPS Compounds Grade R-4 R-4 02XT R-4 04 R-7 A-200 Modulus, Msi 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 1.9

Flexural Strength ASTM D790

The flexural strength of Ryton PPS compounds shows a gradual decrease as the temperature increases from 0 to 500F. Molding conditions for the test specimens were stock temperatures of 600 650F, and mold temperatures of 275F.
Figure 3 Effect of Temperature on Flexural Strength
FLEXURAL STRENGTH, Ksi

Ryton R-4
30 20 10 0

FLEXURAL STRENGTH, Ksi

40

40

Ryton R-4 02XT

30 20 10 0

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

FLEXURAL STRENGTH, Ksi

Ryton A-200
30 20 10 0

FLEXURAL STRENGTH, Ksi

40

40

Ryton R-7
30 20 10 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

FLEXURAL STRENGTH, Ksi

40

Ryton R-4 04
30 20 10 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

Mechanical Properties

Flexural Modulus ASTM D790

As expected, the flexural modulus of Ryton PPS compounds decreases as their temperature increases. Throughout the range, PPS compounds maintain substantial stiffness even up to 500F. The molding conditions for these test specimens were the same as those discussed previously.
Figure 4 Effect of Temperature on Flexural Modulus
2.5 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 2.5 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 2.5 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 300 400 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.5 300 400 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.5

Ryton R-4

Ryton R-4 02XT

2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

Ryton R-4 04

Ryton R-7
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

Ryton A-200
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

Table III Rockwell Hardness

Rockwell Hardness ASTM D785

A Rockwell Hardness number is directly related to the indentation hardness of a plastic material: the higher the reading, the harder the material. ASTM D785, R scale values are shown in Table III.

Ryton PPS Grade R-4 R-4XT R-4 02XT R-4 04 R-7 A-200 R-10 5002C R-10 5004A R-10 7006A

Value, R Scale 123 120 124 123 121 120 117 118 120

Ryton Engineering Properties

Izod Impact Strength ASTM D256

This test procedure was augmented with a forced draft oven to allow testing at higher temperatures. The 2 1/2 inch long test specimens were cut from end gated bars measuring 1/4 x 1/2 x 5 inch, which had been molded at a stock temperature of 600 650F and mold temperature of 275F. Figure 5 illustrates the effect of high temperature on Izod impact strength. Additional testing was undertaken to determine the effect of lower temperatures on Izod impact strength of Ryton PPS R-4 and R-10 7006A. The unnotched strength is essentially unaffected in this temperature range. These graphs are shown in Figure 6. The Izod impact test was not originally developed for polymers and does not always represent their performance in actual use. Therefore, judgement should be exercised in applying the results of this impact test to practical applications.
Figure 5 Effect of High Temperature on Izod Impact Strength
6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 6.0 6.0 300 400 6.0

Ryton R-4

Ryton R-4 04
5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

FT LBF/IN

FT LBF/IN

Ryton R-7
5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200

Ryton A-200

FT LBF/IN

FT LBF/IN

300

400

TEMPERATURE, F

12.0

Ryton R-4 XT
10.0

8.0 FT LBF/IN

6.0

4.0

2.0 UNNOTCHED 0 NOTCHED 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

Mechanical Properties

Figure 6 Effect of Low Temperature on Izod Impact Strength

6.0 5.0 4.0 FT LBF/IN 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE, F UNNOTCHED NOTCHED FT LBF/IN 6.0

Ryton R-10 7006A Ryton R-4

5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE, F

Compressive Yield Strength ASTM D695

The compressive yield strength test was performed using an Instron environmental test chamber to allow testing at selected temperatures from 0 to 500F. The compressive yield strength is the force per unit area required to cause a specified deformation in the specimen. Cylindrical test specimens were prepared from injection molded Ryton PPS R-4, R-4 04, R-7 and A-200 compounds, and annealed for 2 hours at 400F. The curves shown in Figure 7 indicate yield strength, not ultimate compressive strength at rupture, which is indefinite at temperatures exceeding Tg 190F.
Figure 7 Effect of Temperature on Compressive Yield Strength
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH,* Ksi

Ryton R-4
25 20 15 10 5 0

COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH,* Ksi

30

30

Ryton R-4 04
25 20 15 10 5 0

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH,* Ksi

Ryton R-7
25 20 15 10 5 0

COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH,* Ksi

30

30

Ryton A-200
25 20 15 10 5 0

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

100

200 TEMPERATURE, F

300

400

* Annealed Samples

Ryton Engineering Properties

Shear Strength ASTM D732

The shear strength was obtained using an Instron environmental chamber to allow testing at selected temperatures from 0 to 500F. Shear strength is the force required to cause failure per unit area of the specimen edge sheared using the ASTM specified apparatus. Test specimens were cut from 1/8 inch thick injection molded Ryton PPS R-4, R-4 04, R-7, A-200 and R-10 7006A plaques, and annealed at 400F for 2 hours. Molding conditions of test specimens were stock temperatures of 600 650F and mold temperatures of 275F. As the temperature was increased, the shear strength decreased. A sharp decline in shear strength can be seen at temperatures just over Tg 190F. Highly crystalline moldings exhibit substantially increased shear strength. Even at 400F, Ryton PPS has substantial shear strength.
Figure 8 Effect of Temperature on Shear Strength
20 SHEAR STRENGTH,* Ksi 20

Ryton R-4
15

SHEAR STRENGTH,* Ksi

Ryton R-4 04
15

10

10

0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

20 SHEAR STRENGTH,* Ksi

20

Ryton R-7
15

SHEAR STRENGTH,* Ksi

Ryton R-10 7006A

15

10

10

0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

20 SHEAR STRENGTH,* Ksi

Ryton A-200
15

10

0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400

* Annealed Samples

Mechanical Properties

Fatigue

Tensile Fatigue Fatigue can be described as the repetitive, short-time stress applied to a part. The S-N curves shown in Figure 9 depict the number of fatigue cycles to failure for different levels of applied stress. The stress is shown as a percentage of the ultimate strength. The tensile-tensile fatigue data were determined using an ASTM type I tensile bar subjected to 10 Hertz.
Figure 9 Fatigue Life of Ryton PPS Compounds at 10 Hz
100 S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 N, CYCLES

Ryton R-4
S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000

Ryton R-4 02XT

10000

100000 1000000

N, CYCLES

100 S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000 N, CYCLES 100 S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000 N, CYCLES

Ryton R-4 04
S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000 N, CYCLES 10000

Ryton R-7

10000

100000 1000000

100000 1000000

Ryton A-200

Table IV Flexural Fatigue Ryton PPS Stress Grade Level, Ksi R-4 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 5.5 Failure Cycles Endurance to Failure Limit, Ksi 46,000 240,000 600,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6.5 5.5

R-10 7006A
10000 100000 1000000

Flexural Fatigue ASTM D671 This test measures the ability of a material to withstand repeated flexural stress without developing cracks or other evidence of mechanical deterioration. One-eighth inch thick injection molded specimens were tested at several stress levels in a fixed-cantilever, repeated constant force-type test apparatus at room temperature. The stress levels were adjusted until a minimum level was found where no failures occurred within 10 7 cycles. From plotting the stress level versus cycles to failure, the fatigue endurance limit is defined as stress level under which failure will not occur, as shown in Table IV.

Ryton Engineering Properties

Apparent Creep Modulus ASTM D2990

Flexural Creep The creep modulus was determined for injection molded bars measuring 1/4 x 1/2 x 5 inch. A flexural load was applied to the bar at the mid-point of a 4 inch span (L) and the resultant deflection measured periodically. The modulus was calculated from the load applied (P), the deformation() at time (t) and the moment of inertia ( I ) of the beam, using the formula: PL3 Creep Modulus at time t = 48I To illustrate the effect of temperature on creep resistance, the entire procedure was duplicated at each of three temperatures for Ryton PPS R-4, and R-10 7006A: 75, 150 and 250F. The data in Figure 10 show the enhanced creep-resistance of highly crystalline PPS. Ryton PPS R-7 is a glass and mineral filled compound which will follow the same trend lines as Ryton PPS R-10 7006A. A-200 and R-4 04, glass filled compounds, can be expected to behave as Ryton PPS R-4.
Figure 10 Flexural Creep Modulus of Ryton PPS Compounds
10

Ryton R-4
CREEP MODULUS, Msi

1.0

0.1 0.1

1.0

10 TIME, HRS.

100

1000

10000

10

Ryton R-10 7006A

CREEP MODULUS, Msi

1.0

0.1 0.1

1.0

10 TIME, HRS.

100

1000

10000

Tensile Creep A creep modulus is determined by applying a constant tensile load to an ASTM type I bar, and measuring the percent of linear strain at various time increments. At constant load, any change in measured strain can be considered tensile creep. A calculation of the tensile modulus at this point in time can be made by dividing the applied stress by measured strain. Changing test conditions such as temperature and stress level provide data for specific applications.

Mechanical Properties

10

Figure 11 Tensile Creep Modulus of Ryton PPS Compounds

3.0

Ryton R-4
CREEP MODULUS, Msi 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.001

0.01

0.1

1 TIME, HRS.

10

100

1000

3.0

Ryton R-4 02XT

CREEP MODULUS, Msi 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.001 TEMPERATURE, F / STRESS, Ksi 75/ 5 CREEP MODULUS, Msi 150/ 5 250/ 5 75/10 150/10 3.0

0.01

0.1

1 TIME, HRS.

10

100

1000

Ryton R-7
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.001

0.01

0.1

1 TIME, HRS.

10

100

1000

3.0

Ryton A-200
CREEP MODULUS, Msi 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.001

0.01

0.1

1 TIME, HRS.

10

100

1000

11

Ryton Engineering Properties

Abrasion Resistance ASTM D1044

The abrasion resistance of Ryton PPS was determined using the Taber abrasion apparatus. The test specimen was mounted on a turntable and in contact with a weighted abrasive wheel. After a selected number of revolutions at constant speed, the weight loss of the specimen was determined. In this test the number of revolutions was 1,000 with a 1 kilogram weight using CS-10 and CS-17 wheels.
Table V Taber Abrasion Ryton PPS Grade R-4 R-7 R-7 A-200 Abrasion Wheel CS-10 CS-17 CS-17 CS-17 Shore D Hardness 89 89 Weight Loss, g/1000 Rev. 0.070 0.034 0.068 0.023

Coefficient of Friction

The coefficient of friction was determined using the Alpha Molykote LFW-1 friction and wear test machine. The flat block test specimens were run against a steel ring at selected speeds under a 15-pound load.
Coefficient of Friction(a) Ryton PPS Grade R-4
(a)

0 rpm(b) 0.50

100 rpm, 29 ft/min(b) 0.55

190 rpm, 55 ft/min(b) 0.53

Ryton PPS against steel (b) Static, 0 rpm; Dynamic, 100 rpm and 190 rpm

There is little difference shown in the static or dynamic coefficient of friction for Ryton PPS R-4. Compounds are available with considerably lower coefficient of friction.

Deformation under Compressive Load ASTM D621, Method A

The test specimen, a cube measuring 0.5 inch was placed between the parallel plates of a constant-force device adjusted to provide 2 Ksi load. The specimen thickness was observed after 24 hours at 73F. To illustrate the effects of high temperature, the procedure was also conducted at 266F. The deformation was calculated as the percentage change in height of the test specimens after 24 hours, as follows: Deformation, percent = (A/B) x 100
where: A = change in height in mils in 24 hours and: B = original height in mils Deformation, % Ryton PPS Grade 73F 266F R-4 No measurable change 0.79

Above Tg 190F, the hardness and resistance to compression of low crystallinity moldings are significantly reduced. In applications where significant compression loads are a factor, consideration should be given to highly crystalline parts.

Resistance to Compressive Set Heat resistance test procedure CEE publication 17 & 27C

Ryton PPS R-4 and R-10 samples were conditioned for one hour in an oven at each of the following test temperatures indicated. A steel ball, 0.2 inch in diameter, was then applied with a force of 4.5 lbf onto the surface of the test specimen. It was Heat Resistance (Ball Pressure Test) removed after one hour Diameter of Depression, in and the diameter of the Ryton PPS Grade 257F 356F 428F depression measured. This diameter should not R-4 0.032 0.044 0.056 exceed 0.08 inch. R-10 7006A 0.032 0.040 0.048