TIEMPOS VERBALES

Sergio Ortega

NOMBRE TIEMPO PRESENTE Presente simple I work Presente continuo To be + -ing Pres perf simple I have + participle *(regular o irregular) Pres perf continuo I have been + -ing PASADO

TRADUCCIN Presente Canto Presente progresivo Estoy cantando Pretrito perfecto He cantado Pretrito perfecto He estado cantando

USOS
Acciones habituales. Verdades generales. Acciones en proceso de realizacin. Acciones futuras (con adverbios de tiempo). Accin pasada relacionada con el presente. Accin pasada que contina en el presente. Acciones pasadas terminadas. Narraciones en pasado. Acciones pasadas en proceso de realizacin. Acciones pasadas anteriores a otra tambin pasada. Accin pasada en proceso de realizacin anterior a otra tambin pasada.

Pasado simple Pret.Indefinido/impe Infinitive + ed *(regular o rfecto irregular) Cant / cantaba Pasado continuo Pret. Indef. / I was + -ing imperfecto Estaba cantando Pas perf simple Pret. I had + participle * Pluscuamperfecto Haba cantado Pas perf continuo Pret. I had been + -ing Pluscuamperfecto Haba estado cantando Futuro simple I shall / will +infinitive Futuro continuo Ill be + -ing Futuro perf simple I shall have+ participle Futuro perf continuo I shall have been +ing Condicional I would work Condicional perfecto I would have worked Futuro imperfecto Cantar Futuro progresivo Estar cantando Futuro perfecto Habr cantado Futuro perfecto Habr estado cantando

CONDI

FUTURO

Departamento de Idiomas.

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Sergio Ortega

PRESENT PRESENT SIMPLE: Este es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones permanentes o que tienen lugar en el presente y con una frecuencia determinada, es decir, cada da, cada maana, etc. + Affirmative: Subject + verb (infin.) s + complements Examples. - I eat a lot. \ He eats a lot. - Negative: Subject + do/does not + verb (infin.) + complements Examples.- I dont / do not eat much. \ He doesnt / does not eat much. ? Interrogative: (QW) + do/does + subject + verb (infin.) + compl. ? Examples.- Do you eat much? \ Why does he eat much? * Passive: Subject (CD) + is/are + verb (participio) +compl. Examples.- + I eat a lot of chocolate \ *A lot of chocolate is eat (by me) PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente, en el mismo momento en el que se est enunciando la frase y para un futuro organizado. + Affirmative: Subject + to be (present) + verb (infin.)-ing +complements Examples.- I am eating a hot-dog \ He is eating a hot-dog -Negative: Subject + to be not (present) + verb (infin.)-ing +complements Examples.- Im not / am not eating a hot-dog\ He isnt/is not eating a hot-dog ? Interrogative: (QW) + to be(present)+ subject + verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Examples.- Are you eating a hot-dog?\ What is he eating now? *Passive: Subject (CD) + is/are+ being+ verb (participio) +compl. Examples.- +They are repairing my piano\* My piano is being repaired (by them) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente, acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continan en el presente o acaban de terminar o tienen consecuencias en el presente. + Affirmative: Subject + have/has + verb (participio) + complements Examples.- Ive/ have walked for two hours\ Hes/has walked for two hours. -Negative: Subject + have/has not + verb (participio) + complements Examples.- I havent/have not walked for two hours\He hasnt/has not walked ?Interrogative: (QW) + have/has + subject + verb (participio) + compl. ? Examples.- Have you walked for two hours?\Has he walked for two hours? *Passive: Subject (CD) + have/has+ been+ verb (participio) +compl. Examples.- + They have found the car\ *The car has been found PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para hablar de una accin pasada que acaba de concluir, cuyo resultado es evidente; para hablar de una accin que empez en el pasado y puede haber acabado recientemente o que contina en el presente, se resalta la duracin de la actividad con for o since. +Affirmative: Subject + have/has + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- Ive/ have been running this morning\ Hes/has been running for one hour -Negative: Subject + have/has not + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- I havent/have not been running for two hours\He hasnt/has not been running since yesterday. ?Interrogative :(QW)+ have/has + subject +been+ verb(infin.)-ing+ compl. ? Examples.-Have we been cooking for a hour?\Has he been running this morning? *Passive: Subject(CD) + have/has+ been +being+ verb (participio) +compl. Departamento de Idiomas. 2

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Sergio Ortega

Examples.- +
PAST PAST SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, sin que importe excesivamente el momento del pasado en el que tuvieron lugar. + Affirmative: Subject + verb (past) + complements Examples. I played in the park. \ He ate a lot. - Negative: Subject + did not + verb (infin.) + complements Examples.- I didnt/did not eat much. \ He didnt/did not play in the park. ? Interrogative: (QW) + did + subject + verb (infi.) + compl. ? Examples.- Did you eat much? \ Did he play in the park? * Passive: Subject (CD) + was/were+ verb (participio) +compl. Examples.- +Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet\*Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare PAST CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal en el que se expresan acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, pero en un momento concreto. + Affirmative: Subject + to be(past) + verb(infin.)-ing +complements Examples.- I was eating a hot-dog \ You were sleeping in the park -Negative: Subject + to be not(past) + verb(infin.)-ing +complements Examples.- He wasnt/was not eating a hot-dog\ We werent/were not playing ?Interrogative: (QW) + to be(past)+ subject + verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Examples.- Were you eating a hot-dog?\ What was he doing in each moment? * Passive: Subject (CD) + was/were+ being+ verb (participio) +compl. Examples.-+They were opening the door\*The door was being opened(by them) PAST PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado menos reciente que el que se expresa en el Present Perfect. Es lo que se denomina el pasado del pasado (past in the past). Una accin que ha tenido lugar antes de otra en el pasado + Affirmative: Subject + had + verb (participio) + complements Examples.- Id / had gone when they arrived\Hed/had gone when they arrived. -Negative: Subject + had not + verb (participio) + complements Examples.- I hadnt/had not gone when they arrived ?Interrogative: (QW) + had + subject + verb (participio) + compl. ? Examples.- Had you gone when they arrived? *Passive: Subject (CD) + had+ been+ verb (participio) +compl. Examples.-+Id bought it when they arrived/*It had been bought (by me) when they arrived PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para dar nfasis a la duracin de una accin pasada, la cual ha sucedido antes que otra accin pasada. +Affirmative: Subject + had + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- Id/had been running this morning\ Hed/had been running -Negative: Subject + had not + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- You hadnt/had not been running for two hours ?Interrogative:(QW)+ had + subject + been + verb(infin.)-ing+ compl. ? Examples.- Had they been speaking on the phone? *Passive: Subject(CD) + had + been +being+ verb (participio) +compl. Examples.- + 3 Departamento de Idiomas.

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Sergio Ortega

FUTURE FUTURE SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una prediccin del futuro, hacer promesas, hacer un ofrecimiento, tomar una decisin en el momento de hablar. + Affirmative: Subject + will + verb (infin.) + complements Examples. Youll/will return tonight/ Hell/will return tonight - Negative: Subject + will not + verb (infin.) + complements Examples.- I wont/will not write you every day.. ? Interrogative: (QW) + will + subject + verb (infi.) + compl. ? Examples.- Will they return tonight? *Passive: Subject (CD) + will (o un modal) + be+ verb (participio) +compl. Examples.FUTURE CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una accin que estar sucediendo en un cierto tiempo en el futuro, para acentuar la duracin de una accin en el futuro. + Affirmative: Subject + will + be+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples. Youll/will be travelling to Rome this time tomorrow - Negative: Subject + will not + be+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- I wont/will not be travelling to Rome this time tomorrow ? Interrogative: (QW) + will + subject + be+ verb (infi.)-ing + compl. ? Examples.- Will they be travelling to Rome this time tomorrow? *Passive: Subject(CD)+ will+ be+ being+ verb (participio)+complements Examples.-

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que habrn acabado en un punto concreto del futuro, al cumplirse el tiempo indicado . + Affirmative: Subject + will + have+ verb (participio) + complements Examples.- I will have completed this job next week - Negative: Subject + will not + have+ verb (participio) + complements Examples.- He wont/will not have completed this job next week ? Interrogative: (QW) + will + subject + have+ verb (participio)+ compl. ? Examples.- Will he have completed this job next week ? *Passive: Subject(CD)+ will+ have+ been+ verb (participio)+complements Examples.FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una accin inacabada en perodo inacabado en un punto en el futuro. + Affirmative: Subject + will + have+ been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- Tomorrow, hell/will have been working for a week - Negative: Subject + will not + have+ been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- Probably, she wont/will not have been studying ? Interrogative: (QW)+will + subject + have+been+ verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Examples.- Will they have been fixing the car? *Passive:Subject(CD)+will+have+been+being+verb(participio)+complements Examples.-

Departamento de Idiomas.

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Sergio Ortega

FUTURE WITH GOING TO: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar intenciones, hablar de planes futuros, hacer predicciones de futuro a travs de hechos evidentes en el presente. + Affirmative: Subject + to be+ going to+ verb (infin.) + complements Examples. Im going to stay at home - Negative: Subject + to be not + going to + verb (infin.)+ complements Examples.- She isnt going to stay at home ? Interrogative: (QW) +to be + subject +going to + verb (infi.)+ compl. ? Examples.- Are you going to stay at home *Passive: Subject(CD)+ is/are going to+ be+ verb (participio)+complements Examples.CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una accin hipottica condicionada por una accin presente o para expresar una accin de un futuro hipottico del tiempo pasado real. + Affirmative: Subject + would + verb (infin.) + complements Examples. Id/would eat an ice-cream (if I had money) - Negative: Subject + would not + verb (infin.) + complements Examples.- I wouldnt/would not eat much even (if I could) ? Interrogative: (QW) + would + subject + verb (infi.) + compl. ? Examples.- Would you eat an ice-cream (if you had it)? *Passive: Subject (CD) + would+ be+ verb (participio) +complements Examples.- +I would eat an ice-cream\*An ice-cream would be eaten by me CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una accin hipottica en curso. +Affirmative: Subject+ would + be + verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- He would be lying in bed (if he were ill) -Negative: Subject+ would not + be + verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples.- He wouldnt/would not be waiting for us (if he had to) ?Interrogative: (QW)+ would + subject + be+ verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Examples.- Would he be keeping a diet (if he wasnt fat)? *Passive: Subject (CD) + be+ being+ verb (participio) + complements Examples.CONDITIONAL PERFECT: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una accin hipottica del pasado, condicionada a otra accin hipottica del pasado. +Affirmative: Subject + would+ have +verb (participio) + complements Examples.- You would have seen him (if you had met him) -Negative: Subject+ would not+ have+ verb (participio) + complments Examples.- He wouldnt/would not have seen him (if he hadnt met him) ? Interrogative: (QW) + would + subject + have + verb (participio) + compl.? Examples.- Would I have left you (if you had been alone)? *Passive: Subject (CD) + would+ have+ been + verb (participio) + compl. Examples.PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones

que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente, acciones que empezaron
5

Departamento de Idiomas.

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Sergio Ortega

en el pasado y continan en el presente o acaban de terminar o tienen consecuencias en el presente.

+ Affirmative: Subject + have/has + verb (participio) + complements

Examples.- Ive/ have walked for two hours\ Hes/has walked for two hours.

-Negative: Subject + have/has not + verb (participio) + complements

Examples.- I havent/have not walked for two hours\He hasnt/has not walked Examples.- Have you walked for two hours?\Has he walked for two hours? Examples.- + They have found the car\ *The car has been found

?Interrogative: (QW) + have/has + subject + verb (participio) + compl. ? *Passive: Subject (CD) + have/has+ been+ verb (participio) +compl.

Departamento de Idiomas.