Stone Column For Warehouse

Detailed Technical Report
Ground Improvement Using Vibro Replacement Techniques for GRAIN AND BULK TERMINAL EXPANSION FOR M/S INTERFLOUR VIETNAM LTD
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Location, Topography and Geometry 3. Information Provided 4. Soil Conditions 5. Design Methodology 6. Summary of Results 7. Stone Column Construction 8. Conclusion
Annexure 1. Typical Site Layout Plan 2. Simplified Soil Investigation Results 3. Analysis Output Cross Section A-A 4. Analysis Output Cross Section B-B 5. Analysis Output Cross Section C-C 6. Analysis Output Cross Section D-D 7. Analysis Output Cross Section E-E 8. Analysis Output Cross Section F-F 9. Analysis Output Cross Section G-G 10. Schematic Cross Section of Typical Treatment Scheme
1.0
Introduction
Interflour Vietnam Ltd intends to expand its existing production line and service building to cater for increasing local demanding needs and future development. During the design and planning stage, it was identified that the building/structure will sit on soft soil and extensive ground treatment work is unavoidable.
2.0
Location, Topography and Geology
The site is situated at Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, southern region of Vietnam. It is approximately 128km North East of Ho Chi Minh City. Sandwiched between the Ong Tinh Canal and Tac Xep Canal, the site is generally flat with terrain variation less than 0.5m. Typical site layout plan is as enclosed in Annexure 1.
From the simplified geological map, the site consists of mainly Quaternary deposit. Thick soft soil deposit is commonly found around the areas. A simplified geological map is shown in Figure 1.
IFV Stone Column
Date:14 Aug 2007
Page 1 of 5
Figure 1 : Simplified Geological Map of Ba Ria-Vung Tau

Extract from Maps showing Geology, Oil And Gas Fields and Geology Provinces of The Asia Pacific Region, Plate2:Southeast Asia, Compiled By, Douglas W.Steinshouer, Jin Qiang, Peter J.McCabe and Robert T.Ryder 1999.
IFV Stone Column
Date:14 Aug 2007
Page 2 of 5
3.0
Information Provided
The following information has been provided for the design: (i) (ii) Location plan of the site. CPT results and test point location plan.
Simplified soil investigation information is as enclosed in Annexure 2.
4.0
Soil Conditions
The CPT plot showed that the soils conditions consist of 2m thick of fill material underlained by thick soft clay. Relatively stiff soil can be found at around 20m below the existing ground level. An idealised sub-surface conditions can be represented by the following soil profiles as shown in Table 1. Due to the variable nature of the soil condition, the extent of ground improvement works will be depending on the actual site condition.
Table 1 Idealised Soil Profile for Ramp 1 Area

Below E.G.L. [m] From 0 2 6 10 14 >18 To 2 6 10 14 18 Description Bulk Density [kN/m ] Platform Soft clay 1 Soft clay 2 Soft Clay 3 Soft clay 4 Medium dense silty clay 18 15 15 16 16 17
3
Cohesion Cu (kPa) 0 10 15 20 25 50
Friction Angle, (deg.) 30 0 0 0 0 0
Deformation Modulus, D (kPa) 20000 1000 1300 1600 2000 10000
5.0 5.1
Design Methodology General
The design calculations in this report are done based on the available relevant soil investigation information. The presented analysis shall be revised if the actual soil conditions encountered on site differ significantly from the idealised soil profile. A number of scenarios for different height of embankment have been analysed according to Priebes (1995) design methodology for Vibro Replacement and onedimensional theory for consolidation.
IFV Stone Column
Date:14 Aug 2007
Page 3 of 5
5.2
Design Requirement
The following requirement shall be fulfilled during the design analysis. 90% consolidation at the end of ten (10) weeks surcharge period. Sufficient safety against failure of surcharge slopes.
5.3
Design Parameters
Typical design parameters of Vibro Replacement (Stone Column) analysis are summarised below:
Loading Parameters: Bulk density of embankment fill Friction angle of fill material Undrained cohesion of fill material Dead load (from surcharge) : 20 kN/m3 : 30o : 0 kPa : New storage area, 90kPa uniformly distributed load. New warehouse area and New warehouse area, partition wall, 140kPa uniformly distributed load. Traffic live load Total foundation load : 0 kPa : 90 kPa to 140 kPa
Stone Column Parameters: Diameter of stone column Unit weight of column material Submerged unit weight Angle of internal friction Modulus of elasticity : 1.0 m (Average) : 19 kN/m3 : 12 kN/m3 : 42.5o : 120,000 kPa : ~19m below EGL : 1m dia. at 2.1m to 2.4m c/c
Depth of treatment Treatment scheme (Stone Columns)
5.4
Analysis Mode
For the design analysis, the following checks were carried out:
IFV Stone Column Date:14 Aug 2007 Page 4 of 5
Total settlement Consolidation Slope stability
The following methods and assumptions have been adopted for the analysis: Improved soil parameters calculated according to Priebes (1995) method. Settlement evaluation approximated using infinite load area. Slope stability calculated according to Bishop method. Consolidation settlement base on Balaam & Booker theory.
The analysis output shall be arranged in the subsequence manner:Analysis Cross Section 1 2 3 4 5 A-A B-B C-C D-D E-E 3 4 5 6 7 Annexure Criteria To Check Slope stability Slope stability Slope stability Slope stability Total settlement, Consolidation Total settlement, Consolidation Total settlement, Consolidation
F-F
G-G
Figure 2 shows the section of analysis.
IFV Stone Column
Date:14 Aug 2007
Page 5 of 5
Figure 2 : Section of Analysis

6.0
Summary of Results
Table 2 lists the summary of results.
Table 2 Summary of Results

Cross Section Maximum surcharge pressure (kPa) Predicted settlement (cm) Stone Column Spacing Total Remaining at end of embankment construction 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.4 44 61 80 5 7 8 ~ 10 weeks ~ 10 weeks ~ 10 weeks 1.67 2.85 1.67 1.48 Time for 90% Consolidation Min. FOS (Slope stability)
A-A B-B C-C D-D E-E F-F G-G
90 140 140 140 90 140 140
7.0 7.1
Stone Column Construction Site Preparation
Prior to the installation process, a platform (normally sand fill) of minimum 1.0m in thickness must be in placed. The platform is vital to the overall performance of the embankment as it will serve the following functions: Provides a working construction platform for the heavy equipment Allows even load distribution to the stone columns Facilitates drainage during consolidation of the underlying treated soils
For this particular site, it is noted that the existing fill ground can actually serve the afore mention function. Thus, no additional platform is required to prepare.
7.2
Stage Construction and Post-Construction Monitoring
High embankments will be constructed at the site and there are risks associated with embankment stability. To minimise such risks, the embankment should be built in a
controlled rate. It is recommended that the construction rate of 1.0m/week should not be exceeded. The above construction rate may be reviewed subject to monitoring results.
Instrumentation will be installed to monitor embankment performance and also, will provide early warning of any imminent instability.
8.0
Conclusion
This technical study has shown that the Vibro Replacement technique can be employed as an effective solution for this project in order to support the embankments with adequate stability and tolerable settlement limits.
IFV Stone Column
Date:14 Aug 2007
Page 8 of 5
Annexure 1
Typical Site Layout Plan
Typical Site Layout Plan
Annexure 2
Simplified Soil Investigation Results
Annexure 3
Analysis Output Cross Section A-A
Project No:
Interflour Vietnam Section A-A

Drawing No:
Soil 40
30
c [] [kN/m] [k N/m] 30.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 15.00 0.00 15.00 15.00 0.00 20.00 16.00 0.00 25.00 16.00 30.00 0.00 18.00 10.00 15.00 17.00 22.86 5.40 15.00 22.84 8.11 15.00 22.81 10.82 16.00 22.78 13.54 16.00 35.56 0.00 18.00
pw [-] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Designation Fill Soft Clay 1 Soft Clay 2 Soft Clay 3 Soft Clay 4 Platform Med Dense Silty Sand Soft Clay 1 + SC Soft Clay 2 + SC Soft Clay 3 + SC Soft Clay 4 + SC Platform + SC
2.01
Stone Column Treatment: diameter=1.0m

Calculation basis m in = 1.44 xm = 31.59 m ym = 4.81 m R = 9.55 m
1.98
1.94
1.90
1.86
20
1.82
25.50
4.50
70.00
1.79
10
1.75
1.44
1.71
1.67
w
1.63
1.60
-10
1.56
1.52
-20
1.48
1.44
-30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Annexure 4
Analysis Output Cross Section B-B
Project No:
Interflour Vietnam Section B-B

Drawing No:
Soil 40
30
[] 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 22.86 22.84 22.81 22.78 35.56
c [kN/m] [kN/m ] 0.00 20.00 10.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 20.00 16.00 25.00 16.00 0.00 18.00 15.00 17.00 5.40 15.00 8.11 15.00 10.82 16.00 13.54 16.00 0.00 18.00
pw [-] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Des ignation Fill Soft Clay 1 Soft Clay 2 Soft Clay 3 Soft Clay 4 Platform Med Dense Silty Sand Soft Clay 1 + SC Soft Clay 2 + SC Soft Clay 3 + SC Soft Clay 4 + SC Platform + SC
3.26
Stone Column Treatment: diameter=1.0m

Calc ulation basis mi n = 2.60 xm = 37.29 m ym = 5.05 m R = 22.87 m
3.22
3.18
3.13
3.09
2.50
20
2 3.00
74.50
3.04
3.00
10
2.96
2 .60
2.91
2.87
w
2.82
2.78
-10
2.74
2.69
-20
2.65
2.60
-30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Annexure 5
Analysis Output Cross Section C-C
Projec t N o:
Interflour Vietnam Section C-C

Drawing No:
Soil 40
30
[] 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 22.86 22.84 22.81 22.78 35.56
c pw [kN/m] [kN/m] [-] 0.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 15.00 0.00 15.00 15.00 0.00 20.00 16.00 0.00 25.00 16.00 0.00 0.00 18.00 0.00 15.00 17.00 0.00 5.40 15.00 0.00 8.11 15.00 0.00 10.82 16.00 0.00 13.54 16.00 0.00 0.00 18.00 0.00
Designation F ill Soft Clay 1 Soft Clay 2 Soft Clay 3 Soft Clay 4 Platform Med D ens e Silty Sand Soft Clay 1 + + SC Soft Clay 2 + + SC Soft Clay 3 + + SC Soft Clay 4 + + SC Platform + SC
2.09
Stone C olumn Treatm ent: diam eter=1.0m

Calculation basis m in = 1.43 xm = 67.11 m ym = 5.42 m R = 10.18 m
2.04
2.00
1.96
1.91
2.50
20
40.00
19.00
4.50
34.00
1.87
1.83
10
1.78
1.43
1.74
1.70
w
1.65
1.61
-10
1.57
1.52
-20
1.48
1.43
-30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Annexure 6
Analysis Output Cross Section D-D
Projec t No:
Interflour Vietnam Section D-D

Drawing No:
Soil 40
30
[] 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 22.86 22.84 22.81 22.78 35.56
c pw [kN /m] [kN/m] [-] 0.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 15.00 0.00 15.00 15.00 0.00 20.00 16.00 0.00 25.00 16.00 0.00 0.00 18.00 0.00 15.00 17.00 0.00 5.40 15.00 0.00 8.11 15.00 0.00 10.82 16.00 0.00 13.54 16.00 0.00 0.00 18.00 0.00
D es ignation Fill Soft Clay 1 Soft Clay 2 Soft Clay 3 Soft Clay 4 Platform Med Dens e Silty Sand Soft Clay 1 + SC Soft Clay 2 + SC Soft Clay 3 + SC Soft Clay 4 + SC Platform + SC
2.11
Ston e Column Tre atment: diameter=1.0m

Calculation basis min = 1.31 xm = 48.91 m ym = 7.96 m R = 13. 25 m
2.06
2.01
1.95
1.90
20
40.00
7.00
53.00
1.85
1.79
10
1.31
1.74
1.68
1.63
w
1.58
1.52
-10
1.47
1.42
-20
1.36
1.31
-30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Annexure 7
Analysis Output Cross Section E-E
Soil
G. Level D
[m] [m]
DV
[m]
E
[MN/m]
[kN/m]
[]
c
[kN/m]
[-]
Description
0.00 2.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 18.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
20.00 1.00 1.30 1.60 2.00 10.00
8.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 7.00
30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 50.00
0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
Platform soft clay 1 soft clay 2 soft clay 3 soft clay 4 M dense sand
D = Column Diameter DV = Column diameter incl. peripheral area
90.00 kN/m
+x
Stress [kN/m] Overburden - Load

0.00 8.00 16.00 21.00 26.00 31.00 36.00 41.00 46.00 51.00 56.00 62.00 68.00 74.00 80.00 86.00 92.00 98.00 104.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 0.00 0.27 0.54 5.02 9.46
Settlement [cm] with - without improvement

0.00 0.45 0.90 9.90 18.90 27.90 36.90 43.82 50.75 57.67 64.59 70.22 75.84 81.47 87.09 91.59 96.09 100.59 105.0918.00 14.00 10.00 6.00 2.00 0.00 0.00
Total settlement: 48.36cm
+z
13.86 18.20 21.51 24.79 28.03 31.23 33.79 36.29 38.74 41.14 43.01 44.84 46.62 48.36
Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine
Project: Vietnam Interflour, Section E-E

User: Tan M Tong Branch: Malaysia Cross Section at :4.80, Vibro replacement
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
Ground Improvement by installed structural foundation elements

Greta V.50118 Copyright GeoStat, Gartenstr. 4, D-29389 Bad Bodenteich, Tel. +49(0)5824-9857 86, Fax. -85 G_InOut V.190204 Copyright Keller Grundbau GmbH, Kaiserleistr.44, D-63067 Offenbach, Tel. +49(0)69-8051 225, Fax. -221 10:02:34 AM 7/30/2007
Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine Kaiserleistrae 44 , 63067 Offenbach Tel. 069/8051 225 , Fax. 069/8051 221 Program GRETA-E, Version 50118, Copyright by GEOStat
Vietnam Interflour, Section E-E ************************************************************************ Calculation of a foundation *************************** Kind of treatment: Vibro replacement Area load on a Rectangular grid Foundation level Column distance Grid area Calculation depth Depth of column foot Ground water table 0.00 2.40 5.76 18.00 18.00 0.00 m m m2 m m m Foundation pressure Row distance 90.00 kN/m2 2.40 m
Properties of installed material (below load level) No. Top l. gamma [m] [kN/m3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0.00 2.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 18.00 26.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 phi [] 42.50 42.50 42.50 42.50 42.50 42.50 42.50 c [kN/m2] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Dia. [m] 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 D E q [MN/m2] [MN/m2] [kN/m2] 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 K
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Properties of soil layers (from ground level) No. Top l. gamma [m] [kN/m3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.00 2.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 18.00 8.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 7.00 phi [] 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 c [kN/m2] 0.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 50.00 my D [MN/m2] A-R D-R tau [kN/m2] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
20.00 7.33 6.00 1.00 7.33 120.00 1.30 7.33 92.31 1.60 7.33 75.00 2.00 7.33 60.00 10.00 ****** 12.00
Top l.= top level of layer Dia. = column diameter A-R = area ratio D-R = ratio of constraint moduli D = constrained modulus E = Youngs modulus q = admissible stress at elastic deformation K = mobilized coefficient of earth pressure = in-situ measured value
Soil improvement (Relevant for column sections with plastic deformations only!)
The initial support of the columns is considered with K = 1 The proportional load on columns is approximated to m = 1 - 1/n Mutual support of columns occurs at 100 % of this limited system only No. 1 2 3 4 5 n0,0 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 n0,1 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 n0 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 d(A/AC) n1,0 1.06 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.09 1.74 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 n1,1 1.63 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.72 n1 1.74 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 n1 1.68 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 fd 1.04 1.10 1.15 1.23 1.35 fd 1.00 1.10 1.15 1.23 1.35 n2 1.74 2.04 2.13 2.27 2.49 n2 1.68 2.04 2.13 2.27 2.49
No.
m1
without depth factor phi1 c1 D1 [] [kN/m2] [MN/m2] 35.56 22.86 22.84 22.81 22.78 0.00 5.40 8.11 10.82 13.54 33.64 1.85 2.41 2.96 3.69
m2
with depth factor phi2 c2 D2 [] [kN/m2] [MN/m2] 35.56 25.01 25.89 27.15 28.76 0.00 4.91 7.06 8.81 10.03 33.64 2.04 2.76 3.63 4.99
1 2 3 4 5
0.41 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
0.41 0.51 0.53 0.56 0.60
n0 = basic improvement factor (n0,0 for grid and n0,1 for isolated column) d(A/AC) = addition to the area ratio (to consider column compressibility) n1 = amended improvement factor (column compressibility) (resp. n1,0 and n1,1) (--> Recommended for failure analyses if n1 < n2) fd = depth factor (overburden constraint) (fd,0 for grid) n2 = further amended improvement factor (overburden constraint) (resp. n2,0) m1,2 = proportional load on columns ) phi1,2 = friction angle of compound ) attributable to n1 resp. n2 c1,2 = cohesion of compound ) D1,2 = constr. modulus of compound )
Settlement Depth [m] 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 Unlimited load area [cm] 0.27 0.27 4.49 4.44 4.39 4.35 3.31 3.27 3.24 3.20 2.56 2.51 2.45 2.39 1.87 1.83 1.78 1.74 48.36 pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. pl. the same without Improvement [cm] 0.45 0.45 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 6.92 6.92 6.92 6.92 5.63 5.63 5.63 5.63 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 105.09 Overburden [kN/m2] 0.0 8.0 16.0 21.0 26.0 31.0 36.0 41.0 46.0 51.0 56.0 62.0 68.0 74.0 80.0 86.0 92.0 98.0
Project : Interflour Location : Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Vietnam
Time Rate of Consolidation Calculation for SC Treatment (Baalam & Booker Method)
State Description: Load: Duration of Sucrharge Period, a. Consolidation Calculation for the Treated Depth of Treated Layer 1 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 2 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 3 (from - to ) [m] Avg coefficient of vertical consolidation, The coefficient of horizontal (radial) consolidation, Section E-E 90 kPa 0.19 years 70.0 18.0 18.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2 days (1m per week) m (below 0 m)
18
cv = cr =
m /year m /year
2
Pattern of stone column grid (T = Triangular & S = Square) Pattern = S Spacing of stone columns, s= 2.4 m de = 2.7 m The equivalent diameter for stone column grid, Diameter of stone column, (assumed 10% contamination) d= 1.0 m de / d = 2.7 The diameter ratio, % consolidation (Ui = 0.9) from Baalam & Booker charts, Time factor for 90 de / d = de / d = Time period for 90 2.5 Ti = 0.027 0.040 0.032 0.12 1.43 43.4 OK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Layer 4 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Layer 5 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! yrs mths days Ti = 3.0 Ti for present de / d value = ti =
% consolidation,
Allowed duration of construction w.r.t. 90% consolidation duration b. Consolidation Calculation for the Untreated Depth of Untreated Layer 4 (from - to ) [m] Untreated Layer 5 (from - to ) [m] Untreated Layer 6 (from - to ) [m] Untreated Time period allowed for consolidation, ti = cv = The coefficient of vertical consolidation, Thickness of consolidating layer, H= Drainage condition (1 = one way & 2 = two way) Hdr = Drainage path, Time factor for ti period of consolidation, Degree of 1- D consolidation, Ti = Uv =
m m m
Layer 6 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
yrs 2 m /year m m %
c. Summary of Total Settlement and Remaining Long-term settlement

i) Total settlement :
From treated layers (1, 2 & 3) = From untreated layer 4 = From untreated layer 5 = From untreated layer 6 = From total of untreated layers = Total settlement (treated + untreated) =
ii) Settlement that will occur during construction stage:
484
0 484 435 435
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
From treated layers = From total of untreated layers = Total occurred settlement during construction stage (treated + untreated) =
iii) Remaining long-term settlement to occur:
From treated layers = From total of untreated layers = Total remaining long-term settlement (treated + untreated)
48 0 48
mm mm mm
Annexure 8
Analysis Output Cross Section F-F
Soil
G. Level D
[m] [m]
DV
[m]
E
[MN/m]
[kN/m]
[]
c
[kN/m]
[-]
Description
0.00 2.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 18.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
20.00 1.00 1.30 1.60 2.00 10.00
8.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 7.00
30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 50.00
0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
140.00 kN/m

+x
Settlement [cm] withwithout improvement

140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 0.00 0.37 0.74 6.85 12.92 18.94 24.92 29.49 34.02 38.52 42.99 46.58 50.12 53.60 57.04 59.74 62.41 65.03 67.60 0.00 0.70 1.40 15.40 29.40 43.40 57.40 68.17 78.94 89.71 100.48 109.23 117.98 126.73 135.48 142.48 149.48 156.48 163.48 18.00 14.00 10.00 6.00 2.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 8.00 16.00 21.00 26.00 31.00 36.00 41.00 46.00 51.00 56.00 62.00 68.00 74.00 80.00 86.00 92.00 98.00 104.00
+z
Project: Vietnam Interflour, Section F-F

2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10

Vietnam Interflour, Section F-F ************************************************************************ Calculation of a foundation *************************** Kind of treatment: Vibro replacement Area load on a Rectangular grid Foundation level Column distance Grid area Calculation depth Depth of column foot Ground water table 0.00 2.10 4.41 18.00 18.00 0.00 m m m2 m m m Foundation pressure Row distance 140.00 kN/m2 2.10 m
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
20.00 5.61 6.00 1.00 5.61 120.00 1.30 5.61 92.31 1.60 5.61 75.00 2.00 5.61 60.00 10.00 ****** 12.00
The initial support of the columns is considered with K = 1 The proportional load on columns is approximated to m = 1 - 1/n Mutual support of columns occurs at 100 % of this limited system only No. 1 2 3 4 5 n0,0 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 n0,1 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 n0 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 d(A/AC) n1,0 1.06 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.09 1.96 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.15 n1,1 1.59 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 n1 1.96 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.15 n1 1.89 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.15 fd 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.23 fd 1.00 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.23 n2 1.96 2.32 2.38 2.49 2.65 n2 1.89 2.32 2.38 2.49 2.65
No.
m1
m2
1 2 3 4 5
0.47 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
0.47 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.62
n0 = basic improvement factor (n0,0 for grid and n0,1 for isolated column) d(A/AC) = addition to the area ratio (to consider column compressibility) n1 = amended improvement factor (column compressibility) (resp. n1,0 and n1,1) (--> Recommended for failure analyses if n1 < n2) fd = depth factor (overburden constraint) (fd,0 for grid) n2 = further amended improvement factor (overburden constraint) (resp. n2,0) m1,2 = proportional load on columns ) phi1,2 = friction angle of compound ) attributable to n1 resp. n2 c1,2 = cohesion of compound ) D1,2 = constr. modulus of compound )
State Description: Load: Duration of Sucrharge Period, a. Consolidation Calculation for the Treated Depth of Treated Layer 1 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 2 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 3 (from - to ) [m] Avg coefficient of vertical consolidation, The coefficient of horizontal (radial) consolidation, Section F-F 140 kPa 0.19 years 70.0 18.0 18.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2 days (1m per week) m (below 0 m)
18
cv = cr =
m /year m /year
2
% consolidation,
m m m
Layer 6 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
yrs 2 m /year m m %

676
0 676 608 608
68 0 68
mm mm mm
State Description: Load: Duration of Sucrharge Period, a. Consolidation Calculation for the Treated Depth of Treated Layer 1 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 2 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 3 (from - to ) [m] Avg coefficient of vertical consolidation, The coefficient of horizontal (radial) consolidation, Section F-F 140 kPa 0.19 years 70.0 18.0 18.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2 days (1m per week) m (below 0 m)
18
cv = cr =
m /year m /year
2
% consolidation,
m m m
Layer 6 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
yrs 2 m /year m m %

676
0 676 608 608
68 0 68
mm mm mm
Annexure 9
Analysis Output Cross Section G-G
Soil
G. Level D
[m] [m]
DV
[m]
E
[MN/m]
[kN/m]
[]
c
[kN/m]
[-]
Description
0.00 2.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 18.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
20.00 1.00 1.30 1.60 2.00 10.00
8.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 7.00
30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 50.00
0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
140.00 kN/m

+x
Settlement [cm] with without improvement

140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 0.00 0.42 0.83 8.02 15.16 22.25 29.30 34.69 40.04 45.36 50.64 54.89 59.09 63.23 67.31 70.54 73.72 76.85 79.95 0.00 0.70 1.40 15.40 29.40 43.40 57.40 68.17 78.94 89.71 100.48 109.23 117.98 126.73 135.48 142.48 149.48 156.48 163.48 18.00 14.00 10.00 6.00 2.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 8.00 16.00 21.00 26.00 31.00 36.00 41.00 46.00 51.00 56.00 62.00 68.00 74.00 80.00 86.00 92.00 98.00 104.00
+z
Project: Vietnam Interflour, Section G-G

2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40

Vietnam Interflour, Section G-G ************************************************************************ Calculation of a foundation *************************** Kind of treatment: Vibro replacement Area load on a Rectangular grid Foundation level Column distance Grid area Calculation depth Depth of column foot Ground water table 0.00 2.40 5.76 18.00 18.00 0.00 m m m2 m m m Foundation pressure Row distance 140.00 kN/m2 2.40 m
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
20.00 7.33 6.00 1.00 7.33 120.00 1.30 7.33 92.31 1.60 7.33 75.00 2.00 7.33 60.00 10.00 ****** 12.00
The initial support of the columns is considered with K = 1
The proportional load on columns is approximated to m = 1 - 1/n Mutual support of columns occurs at 100 % of this limited system only No. 1 2 3 4 5 n0,0 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 n0,1 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 n0 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 d(A/AC) n1,0 1.06 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.09 1.74 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 n1,1 1.63 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.72 n1 1.74 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 n1 1.68 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 fd 1.02 1.06 1.09 1.14 1.20 fd 1.00 1.06 1.09 1.14 1.20 n2 1.74 1.97 2.02 2.10 2.22 n2 1.68 1.97 2.02 2.10 2.22
No.
m1
m2
1 2 3 4 5
0.41 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
0.41 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.55
n0 = basic improvement factor (n0,0 for grid and n0,1 for isolated column) d(A/AC) = addition to the area ratio (to consider column compressibility) n1 = amended improvement factor (column compressibility) (resp. n1,0 and n1,1) fd n2 m1,2 phi1,2 c1,2 D1,2 = = = = = = (--> Recommended for failure analyses if n1 < n2) depth factor (overburden constraint) (fd,0 for grid) further amended improvement factor (overburden constraint) (resp. n2,0) proportional load on columns ) friction angle of compound ) attributable to n1 resp. n2 cohesion of compound ) constr. modulus of compound )
State Description: Load: Duration of Sucrharge Period, a. Consolidation Calculation for the Treated Depth of Treated Layer 1 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 2 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 3 (from - to ) [m] Avg coefficient of vertical consolidation, The coefficient of horizontal (radial) consolidation, Section G-G 140 kPa 0.19 years 70.0 18.0 18.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2 days (1m per week) m (below 0 m)
18
cv = cr =
m /year m /year
2
% consolidation,
m m m
Layer 6 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
yrs 2 m /year m m %

800
0 800 720 720
80 0 80
mm mm mm
State Description: Load: Duration of Sucrharge Period, a. Consolidation Calculation for the Treated Depth of Treated Layer 1 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 2 (from - to ) [m] Treated Layer 3 (from - to ) [m] Avg coefficient of vertical consolidation, The coefficient of horizontal (radial) consolidation, Section G-G 140 kPa 0.19 years 70.0 18.0 18.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2 days (1m per week) m (below 0 m)
18
cv = cr =
m /year m /year
2
% consolidation,
m m m
Layer 6 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
yrs 2 m /year m m %

800
0 800 720 720
80 0 80
mm mm mm
Annexure 10
Schematic Cross Section of Typical Treatment Scheme

Stone Column For Warehouse

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Stone Column For Warehouse

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Detailed Technical Report

Location, Topography and Geology

IFV Stone Column

Date:14 Aug 2007

Figure 1 : Simplified Geological Map of Ba Ria-Vung Tau

IFV Stone Column

Date:14 Aug 2007

Simplified soil investigation information is as enclosed in Annexure 2.

Table 1 Idealised Soil Profile for Ramp 1 Area

Friction Angle, (deg.) 30 0 0 0 0 0

Deformation Modulus, D (kPa) 20000 1000 1300 1600 2000 10000

Design Methodology General

IFV Stone Column

Date:14 Aug 2007

Depth of treatment Treatment scheme (Stone Columns)

Total settlement Consolidation Slope stability

Figure 2 shows the section of analysis.

IFV Stone Column

Date:14 Aug 2007

Figure 2 : Section of Analysis

Table 2 lists the summary of results.

Table 2 Summary of Results

A-A B-B C-C D-D E-E F-F G-G

90 140 140 140 90 140 140

Stone Column Construction Site Preparation

Stage Construction and Post-Construction Monitoring

IFV Stone Column

Date:14 Aug 2007

Typical Site Layout Plan

Interflour Vietnam Section A-A

Stone Column Treatment: diameter=1.0m

Interflour Vietnam Section B-B

Stone Column Treatment: diameter=1.0m

Interflour Vietnam Section C-C

Stone C olumn Treatm ent: diam eter=1.0m

Interflour Vietnam Section D-D

Ston e Column Tre atment: diameter=1.0m

0.00 2.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 18.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00

20.00 1.00 1.30 1.60 2.00 10.00

8.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 7.00

30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 50.00

0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33

D = Column Diameter DV = Column diameter incl. peripheral area

Stress [kN/m] Overburden - Load

Settlement [cm] with - without improvement

Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine

Project: Vietnam Interflour, Section E-E

Ground Improvement by installed structural foundation elements

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33

0.41 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46

0.41 0.51 0.53 0.56 0.60

Project : Interflour Location : Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Vietnam

Layer 6 0.19 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

c. Summary of Total Settlement and Remaining Long-term settlement

0 484 435 435

0.00 2.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 18.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00