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ODM Problem 1.

Author: M. Rodrguez Page:1/5

Problem 1.1:
Suppose you want to optimize the design of a small bridge of length L=5m shown in Figure 1.2 by minimizing the amount of material employed. The worst case scenario is de- ned by a centered point load of P=10000N. The only variables you may dene are h, b and the thickness w. However b should be larger than 1 m to allow people walk on but smaller than 2 m. The maximum allowed deection in mm for the bridge should be:

You also should consider the following geometric condition:

Where = 4 mm is a manufacturing tolerance. Finally, to avoid local effects w > 25 mm. The material strength is 30 MPa and its Youngs Modulus 7000 MPa. a) Write the optimization problem, expressing all the constraints in the standard form. Consider which design variables allow a simpler the formulation of the problem. b) Solve the problem using MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. Comment the obtained solution c) Consider the same problem but assume you want to minimize the cost which is given by the expression:

where V is expressed in m and w in m.

Solve problem 1.1 a) and b): To solve the problem of minimizing 3 files were created. First the function where the objective is written in terms of the variables b, h, w, which are used for minimize the section, the second with the constraints of the problem (manufacturing limitation deflections, stress limitation and minimum thickness) and the in the initial estimate of the original variables. It has taken b = 1000mm h = 200mm w = 30mm as initial solution.

ODM Problem 1.1 Own objective function is:


function f=objfun(x) L=5000; % mm % material objective function: f=(x(1)*x(2)-((x(1)-2*x(3))*(x(2)-2*x(3))));

Author: M. Rodrguez Page:2/5

When the three files are defined the solution are solved with the Matlab, and the values obtained are:

b = 1000 mm h = 618 mm w = 25 mm

ODM Problem 1.1 Solve problem 1.1 c): To solve the cost optimization case are defined the nect objective function:

Author: M. Rodrguez Page:3/5

Where V defines the volume of the bridge.


% $price objective function: f=(L*(x(1)*x(2)-((x(1)-2*x(3))*(x(2)-2*x(3))))+3000*b)/100;

The results obtained in Matlab are:

b = 1000 mm h =123.6 mm w = 50 mm

We can see that Matlab have a powerful and accurate tool to make an optimization tasks, in these case are employed to optimize bridge section, but has capabilities to make a lot of different cases evolving objective functions with a reasonable computational costs.

ODM Problem 1.1

Author: M. Rodrguez Page:4/5

ANNEX A MATLAB CODES:


OBJECTIVE FUNCTION CODES (PRICE AND GEOMETRY):
function f=objfun(x) L=5000; % mm % material objective function: %f=(x(1)*x(2)-((x(1)-2*x(3))*(x(2)-2*x(3)))); % price objective function: f=(L*(x(1)*x(2)-((x(1)-2*x(3))*(x(2)-2*x(3))))+3000*b)/100;

INITIAL CONDITIONS CODE (PRICE AND GEOMETRY):

x0=[1500 1500 30]; % b h w options=optimset('LargeScale','off'); [x,fval] = fmincon(@obj_fun,x0,[],[],[],[],[],[],@res_fun,options); x

CONSTRAIN CONDITIONS CODE:


function [c,ceq]=res_fun(x) %% geometric and material properties entries: % mm E=7e4; % MPa (N/mm^2) L=5000; % mm P=10000; % N %x(2)=200; % mm %x(1)=1000; % > 1000 mm %x(3)=50; % Inertia I=1/12*x(1)*x(2)^3 - 1/12*(x(1)-2*x(3))*(x(2)-2*x(3))^3; % restrictions: %x(1)-2000<0 %1000-x(1)<0 % Deflection %P*L^3/(48*E*I)-L/10000<0; mm % geometric conditions:

ODM Problem 1.1


%x(3)+4-x(2)/2<0 % miminimum thickness %25-x(3)<0 % Moment Mm=P*L/4; % maximum stress %(Mm*x(2)/2)/I-30<0 % MPa

Author: M. Rodrguez Page:5/5

c=[x(1)-2000; 1000-x(1); P*L^3/(48*E*I)-L/10000; x(3)+4-x(2)/2; 25-x(3); (Mm*x(2)/2)/I-30]; % ratio x(1) i x(2) %x(1)-x(2)/2*(1+sqrt(5))=0 ceq=[x(1)-x(2)/2*(1+sqrt(5))];

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