Staad Pro Advanced Topic

Advanced Topics in
STAAD.Pro
S! tl ey Institute
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STAAD.Pro
TRAINING MANUAL
ADVANCED TOPICS
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About the STAAD.Pro Documentation
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Table of Contents
Frobl<""
Z<ro Stiftn<II Conditiom
Und<"Unding Imubiliti"
Dyn. mic An. ly'i'
S<;,"';c A""ly'i' u'ing UBC Olld IBC cod"
C.lcul. ting modo .h.p"', ft<qu<nci", p",ticipotioo [octo"
R<lponl< Spttum Auly,;'
Tim< Hiltoty An.ly';, tOt I<;,mic ocl<ution,

Tim< Hi'lOty An. ly,i. ,ubj<C1<d 10. h.,monic lo. ding
Tim< Hi'lOty An. ly,i. ,ubj<C1<d 10. u ndom <xc;Ution
Found.tiom
Autom. tic Spting Suppott G<n,ution
,oil ,,,,,po'" .. cOOlp""ion only
,oil pt"''' di'gum, .nd im<n,iti"
Lo. d G<"<U1ion
Lo. d,
Floo, Lo.d,
Wind Lo.d,
Zero Stiffness
I..
Question
Ans wer
Wh. l dO<l. ,<to ,litrn." ",,,ning mOll'g< in tho STAAD 0011"1
til< moan'
Tho ptodut< ul<d by ST AAD in !cul' ling 4ilplom<ol' .nd
fotc<, in, Iltoctut< i, Ih< Ilifrn." m<lhod. On< Mth" 'l<P'
;o,-oh<d in Ihi. m<1hod; , lh< .".rubl)" of tho glob. ] I1iffn""
.. . ttix. During thi' pro". STAAD y<tif;" Ih01 no liy., d<g"<
of {<dom ( d .o .t) hOI . ,<to y.lu<. b<coul<. ,<to v.lu< could b<
pol<oh.l <>u'" of imUbihty in Ih< moMl .long Ih., d .o .f . 11
m<am th. l1h" ,ttuctuul conditiolll .,..h;ch <xiI!" th. l nod< .od
d<g< of (<dom ,u11 in Ih< "ruotu hoy;"! no .hility to .. ,i'l
load .chng , loog th at d .o.f
A ... atn;ng m<!I' g<;' pr;nl<d in lh< ST AAD output til.
highlighting lh< node numb., .nd lho d.O.! ' 1 which lho ro
Ilifro,,, condilion <xim
Question Whot at. <xompl<' of <" '" ... 1ich g',-< ,il< to th<1< condition>'
A us wer Comid tum< ,ttuctur< ... h< ,om< ot tho mom b<n . d<tin<d
to b< ttull". On thi' modo 1, it . j oint ",h< Ih< onl)"
,ttuctuul compon<ntl <on!><ct<d . 1 thot nod< or< ltu" m<mb<n,
th<<< i, no tou tionol ,titrn<II ot th.at nod< .long <llly ot tho glob. l
d .o .t . ltth< 'lfuctu i, ddin<d ., STAAD PLAl'E, it ft-ill 'ull
in ... .ming .long tho Z d .o .t ot th. l noo< It it ,.-,,< doc l ,,<d "
STAAD SPACE, th. ... ill b< . 1 1 .. " l ... on. to, <lch of
MX . nd ML .nd ph. p' .dditionol ",,,,ning' to, tho
mmlotioo.l d .o .t.
n ... ,..",nins, con .110 'pp<" oth" 'Ituclutol condition,
'uch " m.m bot 1<" ... M < l<mont 1<" .. d<ptiv< tho ,ttuctu
of ,Mf"." .1 tho , "oci at<d nod .. . long tho glob. l tu mlotionol Of
tototionol ditoctioo, . A t"",or hold do" n by cob! .. , d<tin<d "
PLA1<E Ot SPACE t"m<, .. h. cobl< m<mb<r! ' pinnd
,uppott<d" th<it b., < ... ill.lIo g<n<ut< 11><1< "orning' t Ot th.
tou tionol d .o.1. "th. ,uppott<d nod<l of tho co b! ..
,
,
In, SPACE r" m. ,ttuctut<, conntiolll morh. mod<ld in 'uch
""'fin th at all m<rob." mling " onr ! iv<n nod. hl Y'
mom<nt 1<01 ' ,long all 3 Ix". Th< j oint;, thu' d<pr;y<d of . ny
tou !ion,l "inn."
SoM <l.m<nB h.,-. no ,,,," tiona] ,hrfn.,," lh<;, nod.,- So_ " In
nod ..... h.,. you hoy, only ,olid., th<1< <0 ,litfn.II ,..atning
m" " g" moy 'PP<1l1
Ques tion Why .,. lh<l< . nd not ."",,'
Answer Th< " .,on why th<l. condition. Of. t<pot1<d., ""nins, Uld n01
.tt"" i. duo to tho fact thaI th<y moy not Me", ,ui ly b<
Mttim<m,110 Ih< prop., , ,.mf<t of l". d, from tho Ilt,",lut< 10 Ih.
,upp"ttI _ If 00 lOld 11 ., . nd Ilong tho d .c .! hot. tho "iffn.II
;, ,<to, thot poim ", or not t< l 1toubl<_,pOl
Questi on Whl !;' lh< ul<fu.l!l<" or rh< I< m''''g<l
Answer A ro 'hffn." ill<"' g< e on t<. tool fo, in,-.ltig. ting lh< coul<
of in, u biliti" in tho mod.l. An imUbi hly i, condition ... I><r< 'UPPOtl tion. A ,<to "in,.,,, m<"'g< con I<ll u' ,.h<lh<t
Iny of lhol< d .o.f .,< ob, u <1" 10 Ih< flo ... of tho lo. d
Understanding Instabilities
Que sl io n I hne imtability ",uning m< ag in m}' output fil< lik< that
,hown b<low_ What ol< th.,,'
Answer
"WAR.'"ING AT JOTh. 26 D1RI:CTIOS _ FA
PkOIUBLE CAl' SE SISGUL\RA.DDISG WEAK SPRISG
.. TRIX DUG. L_lI.HllIX DUG. Q.ooooooon: .. oo EQ.
SO 121
"'SOTE _ ,o;RYWEA.K SPkISG A.DDD fOR STABILITY
"SOTE" ST ...... D DETI:CTS ISST ... BILlllS .. S EXCESSI\O: LOSS OF
SIGSInCA.l<.. DIGITS
DURISG DI:COlIPOSITIO!,;. WH O; ... DECO}[POSEDDUGOSA.L IS
LESS Tn ... S TIlE
BrILT_IS REDUCTIOS HCTOR TIllES THE ORIGrs ... L STIITSESS
M"nIX DUGOS .. L ,
S HA.D PRTh,S .. SISGUU KITY sona:, THE BUILT_IS IlI:DUCTIO.
HCTOR
IS L_E'"
THE "BOVE cmmrnoss COlTLD "LSO Il U.USID BY YERY STIfF
Ok n:RYWF..\!;:
ELnlE},$ AS WELL AS TRUE SISGUU RITIES.
An imtahilil,. j, a condition wh<r< a load applied on the <1IuctUI<
i, not . bl. to mol. it< wo,' into the ,upport< b<com< no poth< ni"
for the load to flow throullh. and rna}' ,nult in a lack of
equilibrium I><t the a pplied load and t he ,uppon action_
Exampl .. and cau .. < of In<ta bility :
D<fining a m<rnb<r u a TRUSS when it need, <h<ndin!
capacit), A fumed <1ructur< with columm and 1><.,,,, wh<r< the
column, u< d< fined u ' TRUSS - m<ml><" i, d< finil,. a cau of
imabi lit,. _ Such a column ha, no capacity to tramf<r <h<an or
mo"",n" from the gion. abo,'< it to til< ,upport<
When you d<c1u< ill m<rnl><" a t 'puilic node, to I><
tru m<ml><,,_ the ilignm<nt of the m<ml><" mu" I>< moh that th<
axial fo< from <ach m<rnb<r mmt I>< abl< to make it< wa,.
tllcough the common node to the otll<r m<rnl><", For exampl< _ if
}'OU hal'< 3 m<rnl><" meeting at a point. one of them ., pur<l}'
, '<n icil and the oth<r 2 u< pur<l}- horilOntaL and the,. u< ill tru
,
,
,
_________________ -''','00',0,.0' '''' .'.'.'',.,,'',-"',_,_ ,,,_, .. ,,'-,0,0,'0,
m<mb<,,_ the uiil forc. lrom the \"<rtic il mernb<r cannot b<
tI>.mrnitt<d into the hon,ontil m<rnh<n. 011 the oth. r hondo if th.,.
a", frome m<mh<", the lo ad win b< lummitt<d into the
hon'CC1uh in the form of <h<u _ This i. OIl i nll<<<n. ~ ~ Ii point of
nu". and a pot<ntiil c:LU" of i",abili' y _
A b<tt<roption to colli ng a m. mb", a TRUSS ; , to ddin. it u a
fUIII. m<mb<r ond me poni il moment " In,,, a t it< end,
Improp<r ,upport condition<_ When the ,uppom of the ,tructUI<
a", ,uch !hot th.} connot "ff<r OIl}' ,. <.i,un to ' liding or
oHnurning of the ,truc'= i n one or more dirtiom. fur
<urnpl<. a !D "ruelur. (fum. in the XY ph n. ) that j , d< 6n<d H
a SPACE FRA:\!E with pinned ,upport< and ,ubj<c1<d 10 a fOIT< in
til< Z dir<ction will .oppl. 0\'" aoout the X-ax; , _ Anoth<r <umpl<
i , that of a 'pac. fum< '" ith ill the ,uP!"'''' I.n<d for FX. FY
orFZ
Con,",cting a \" ,",,' ,tiff m<mh<r to a "<r:' fl uibl< m<mh<J. A math
pri<.ioo <rror i , caud when nUm<ric u imubiliti<, occur in tho
m.trix dompo<.ition (inHnion) PIOC<". On< of the 1<TIn' of the
equilibrium equation tU ... tho form 1/( I -A) . whor< A_k 1/(11+1.:2) :
k l ODd k2 h<ing tho ,tiffn<<< co<ffici<nt< of two adj ac<nt
m<mh<n. When a "<r}' ",tiff" m<mh<r i , adjac<nt to . ,'u y
"fl exibl<" m<mh<r. " i , . "b<n k 1:>:>k2. or k 1 ... k2 ,k I. A_ I ODd
h<ne<. 1/( I -A) _ 110. Thu<. hugo ,..ria tiom i n ,tiffn' of
adj ac<nt m<rnb<n or< not p<nnitt<d, Artifici.lly hiSh E c< I , 'u u
,hould h< J<due<d "b<n thi , OCCUI"< . ),bth pJ<ci<.ion <rron are U '"
caud when the unit< of l ength and fore< or< not defined corrt1y
for m<mh<r l<ngth, . m<rn h<r prop<rti, comUJIt< <1e.
Exc<.i "< JIlImh<r of ",1<""" R<lu, compl" <ly d<pri" < a
m<mh<r of on}' abilit}' to tr.mmit a pa tticulor t}'p< of force or
mom<nt to tho nut m<rn!><L lmogin< fe.- enmpl<. a pott u f"'-m<
thot look< like a table. with column< pinned at their bu<. and <ach
column ",tach<d to 2 onhogonu h<.,n< at tho top
_________________ ,
[f the burn, or. pinned conn<ct<d to '''pof the column. it;,
cm!om.,.} to 'p<ci ry "1 .... ,,, on the bum, ilons the lin
2 3 START MX MY MZ
Th< abo,.. "In ,ignifi., that of the ri,une< to :\lX. :\IY
and :\[Z hu hn off at the b<orn-<nd, _ Th< bum;,
hone< b<hning u a 'impiy ,uppor1<d bum at that location.
rbi, coodition. ilmg with the pinned column bu . derri,-.. the
coluIIIlI of on,.- .bili,,. I" tnmm,' tonion to the b.". luding to
;",abili'y .bout the global :\[Y d.gr of frdom., the pinned
,upport.
Impropu comtion b<lIH<n m<mb.,.> Wh.n m<mb<" e"", <ach
in ' pac . if. conn<ction <xi", 1 m.m"'''. that poin' of
contact ,hould b< r<pr<n1<d by. common rod. ,h.
m<mb<,,_ Simpl,. b<com< lin 'pp'" to ero nch "thOI in 'poc<.
it do .. ,,', gUOIon1 th.t ST AAD y,; 11 a.,um <on""ction
b<,y,an tho", m<rnh<" . Th< U<oI hn to <mur< that. On< tool for
,uch common nod i, nulabl< undOI the G<0m<U)'
menu. It i, coll<d Int<,,<ct S<I<et<d :1.1=1><"
Duplicat< nod. Th<ya", 2 or mer< nod. hning di,tinct node
numl><". but tho "'-ID< X. Y. Z coordin.t<'. For <nmpl<. ifnod<
numl><r S hn c""rdinat<' of (I . 10. 0) . and node 83 01'0 hn
coordinat<' ct ( 7. 10.0) . node S and 83 ue comidOIro duplica1<.
If you ba \.< 2 m<ml><r .. on< attach<d to node S. and tho othOI t"
node 83. then. tho .. 2 m<ml><n.", not conn<et<d t"uch othor at
tbat pant in 'pac<. Go t" T 001< - Ch<ek Duplic.1< :-;"od to d<1<et
and mOIS< ,uch .. a ofnod int" a 'ingl< node
Improp<r comtion I><t ... n m<mb<" and plat< <I<m<na In tho
figure 1><10 .... tho b<am go from node S to node 6. Tit<
<I<m<nt i, conn<eud I><t ... n 2. 3. 4 and L Thu<. tho I><om hn no
common nod til< < lml<nt :-;"0 Iran,for of load, i, po;bl<
th< <ntiti
,

r
_____________________________________________________________ . ,,'!O,.!. ".,

in ord" fur the abo," 1 of <nuu to b< prop"l} connt<d. the
< l<m<nt would hue t" b< brohn tIIIO 2. ODd the burn too nd, to
b< 'plit at nod. 2. H ,ho\\n 1><10"' _
While thOI' ar. nc <impl. tool, for 'plitting .i<IIl<n"_ mi ng finor
mh of <l<rn<nt< i1way, h<l p>_ So. t he Genn .. ,. 1'1.1< and
Genn .. ,. Surface :'>1< .bing optiOn< of the G<om.,,} m. nu. A bu rn
in the , itu.tion .. bo,.. Inn' b< broun up into pi.c<, bl' m ing
m .. ", lik< In .. " :-;00. _ or Br .. k B .,,,,.t S.l<e1<d :-;00. both of
which or. in the G<omelr)' m.nu.

,
O\-.r1al1' ing m<rnh<,, _ Ilb<n 2 m<mh<n or< collin'aT. ond furth"
at lout 00< of the nod of one of tho .. m<rnh<r< happ<n< to li<
within the 'POIl ofth. othu_ but the 2 m<mb<" >I< not conn<e1<d
a t that node_ tho 2 m<rnb<" u. comid<r<d U O\ulapping
collin.or m<mh<n. In STAAD. the 100] ford<1<eting moh
m<rnb<:r< j, Tool< - Chock O\-<rlaWing collin.or m<rnb<n
An <nrnpl< of! would quilify U o'"hpping
collin.or j,
STAAD SPACE
UNIT FEET KIP
JOINT COORDINATES
1 000; 2 0 100;3 10 10 0 ; 410 0 0; 51310 0 ; 6-4100;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
112; 223; 3 3 4 ;
101 56
FINISH
H<r<_ m,,,,tb<,, 2 and 101 ore O'"<clapping collin,u. :'>!<rnh<r 2 j,
<ntil}' confin<d the 'FOIl of m<rnb<r 101. ond collin .. :r.
but th.}' ol< not attached to u ch oth<r_
Anothor uornpl< jo:
STAAD SPACE
UNIT FEET KIP
J OINT COORDINATES
1 2 0 100;3 10 100; 41000; 513100; 6-4100;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
112; 22 3; 334;
101 2 5
FINISH
H<r<. again. m<mh<" ! U1d 101 or< oY<rlapping collin<u. But
H<n thruSh th<,- or< conn<e1<d touch oth<r at noo< 2. again

m<mh<r l j, <ntir<l,. confin<d within the 'pan of m<mh<r WI. and
collin<.,.,
O\'<rlapping pbt. Th< '" ore <l<m<nt' who" nod ;n1<n.cl
othu <l<m<IlI' at point< oth<r ,hOIl 111< d< 6n<d nod _ nu, <ntoil<
plat<. who bounda ri with adjac<nt plat<. or. not a,=h.d at
t h< nod or plat<, withi n othor plat<, (in the ,am< pIon. ) .
,
Th< figUIe abo," "'1''''''''' ,uch a condition. El<rn<nt< 1 and 2
,hor, onl), one common nod. which j, axI< 4. Though the drawing
app"" to indicat< a common bound.", ilong nod., 4. Sand 3.
,b<r< j, no conn.ction along rut bound.,.,.. From the Tool< menu,
ch<><> Ch.ck (h'<rlapping Plat<' to d<1<ct ,uch conditiOn< in the
model Th< nex' figure <how, what n.od, to b< don. I" <mur<
pmp<r <onn<etion. Ouror1ginal <l.m.nt 1 i. com'.n<d to 3
triongulor <l.m.nt< to accompli'h it.
. ,.,.'",o , o" ,o .. .. '" .. ,_, '''' ' __ o .. ''' _________________________________________________________
Questi on
Ans we r
If th"r< u e imtability m. "'"S" -do it m.on my rult,
rna}' b< un,i,fact0f)"
Th<r< ol< man,' , ;'uati" ... wh<r< imab,l;ti or. unimportaIll and
t il< STAAD appr=h of o.dding. w .. l 'pring j , OIl id .. ] <"[uti,,n
to the probl.m. For u ompl <_ <om<tim<' OIl <ng in r win r<lu>e
t il< :l.IX toHion in . , ingl. bu m CO" " the end, of . ri of
m<mh<a <uch that 1<chnicaU,. the momb<" u. umabl< in tonion.
II thor. j , no torque applie d. thi. >ingularity COIl w<l,' b< " [iud"
b}' STAAD with . w<n 1Or ';oo.1 'prins.
Similorl,.. column tha t j, .t. pinned <uWOrl win <Om<tim b<
conIl<c1<d to m<rnb<" th:Lt .n ha \'. " l<u moh that th. } cannot
l a mmi, mom.n" t bat cam . tonion in the column. Th.j. column
win b< umt. bl. in to"ion but can b< <of <I}' "f jud" by STAAD
with . wu k 10,,;onol 'prins_
,

Questi on
Answe r
'UAD,h. T ''' ''' .. " .... l _ d,-.. "d To,,,.
~
Som<1im hown,,_ a ction of a ,tructur< ha, mmtb<n that or,
O\'<rl}' r<l .... d to the point ",hOI' that ction COIl roat< with
rp<ct to the ,,<1 of til< <truclur<. In thi, ca ... if ST AAD add, a
'lUI 'prin!_ th. ", rna}' k lorge di,plac<rn<nt< b<cam< thOI' u e
loo.d, in the <tion that u. in the dirticn of the ulI<rn<l}' ,",ui
' pring. Anoth wa}' of " .}jng it i'_ OIl applied load act< urns OIl
uma.]. d'g'" of frdom. ODd cam uc<'u,'< di'ploa"",nt' at
tbat d.g. of frdom.
[f thor. or. imabilit), meHag< ,_ n< thOI. OIly <impl. choc k< to
".ri f)' ",h<th my .",,1,..; , rul" or. ,ati,facto,,- ?
Th<" ore 2 importont ch<eh that ,hould b< c.med out i f
imabilil} !II< " .. g or. pr<nL
.. A ,,,,tic .",ilibrium ched. Thi , ched win 1<11 u< wh<1h<r ill
the applied loading fiow<d throogh the model in'" the
,uPPO"' , A , ati,fact<ll)' rult would "'qui" that the applied
loa.iing b< in equilibrium ,,'jth the <uWOrt "action<
b. Th< joint di<plac<rn<nt ch<c k Thi< chk will 1<11 m wh<th<r
the di'plu<rn<nt< in the model or. ~ ; t h i n ru ..onabl< limit <, If
a load pu .. , throuSh a corrponding umtabl< d<g< of
f",<dom. the ,tructur< will undergo Hco"i,'< d<lltiom at
that d<gr of frdom.
On< mn m. the PRI:-;T STATICS CHECK option in conjunction
with the PER FOR.\I A:-;Al YS1S command to obtain a port of
both the ' nult< mentioned in the abo,'< chh. The STAAD
output file will contain . port ,imi lor to th. follow ins. for<l'<I')'
prim"')' load cu< that hu hn <"h<d for :

"'TOTAL APPL IED L OAD ( KG METE ) SUMMARY ( LOADING
"
SUMMATION FORCE-X = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = -817.84
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGlN-
MX= 291.23 MY= 0.00 MZ= -3598 .50
'TOTAL REACTION LOAD( KG METE ) SUMMARY
( LOADING 1 )
SUMMATION FOACE-X = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = 817.84
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGIN-
MX= -291.23 MY= 0.00 MZ= 3598.50
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS ( eM IRADIANS) ( LOADING 1)
MAXIMUMS AT NODE
X = 1.00499 -04 25
Y = -3.1 8980-0 1 12
Z = 1.1 8670-0 2 23
AX= 1.52986E-{)4 5
RY= 1.22373E-{)4 23
RZ= 1.07!l35-03 8
Go through ,II<" numb<,. to <mur< that
L Th< -TOTAL APPUED LOAD" ,..11.1 and "TOTAL
REACTIO:-; LOAD- \".:Ia or< <quil ODd opP"<it<.
,, _ Th< DI SPLAC HIESTS or< within ru..,nabl .
limit<
r
------------------"""',o"".-'.,""""..,,"", ""' --""'"00"""""""
..
Que st io n What j, the m<anins of mi, m<<<.g._ Probabl. cam. warning-
n .. r tingular
Answer Whil. p<rformins the triangular factoriution of the global ,tiffn.
matrix_ a di agonal matrix i, coIItpu1<d_ Th. coIItpu1<d diagonal,
u< the urn. a, or nall.r than til< global ,tiffn. matrix
diagonal" U the coIItput.d diagoIlltl< b<com< l<rO th<n the matrix
i, ,insular and t he ,truetm. i, umubl._ In STAAD w. , a}' that
til< ,tructur. i, umabl.I<ingular if ony compu1<d diagonal i , 1.
that ( I.E -9) (th. corr< 'pondins ,tiffn. matrix diagonal) _
Lik<wi in ST AAD ,ay that the ,tructur. i, nurly
umabl</tingulu if an)' comp,n.d diagonal i, 1. that (I ,E 7)
(the connpondins ,tiffn. matrix diagonal) _
If the ol'<rall rula I""k OK_ th.n isno n.arl}' ,insular
m.ag
Question How to al'oid imabiliti if TRUSSES or RELEASES or. the
eaull"
Answer Th<re i , a utll<r 'impl. way to .li minal< imal:i liti . ,!,<ciall}' if
nu m<mb<r< aI. pr.nt or wh.n RELE ASE
commond, aI< ml ond ruin d<gr. of frdom or. ,ubj1<d
to a IDO,} "Iu_
In " ali ty. conntiom al way' hal" ",m. amount of fore. and
mom<nt cap""it},_ U", PARTIAL RELEASES to .n.bl< the
coml<ction to r<uin at I.ut a I " '}' mtall amount of capacit}' nu,
i, a ID<choni,m by } OU con d.clar. that. at the ,an nod. or
<nd nod. of a m<mb<,_ uth<r than fully <Iiminoting the ,tiffn.
for a ruin mom<nt d.gr of frdom (d,o,f). you are to
allow the memb<rto ha,', a ,mall amount of ,tiffn. for that d,o,.
Th. a,l\-anas. of thi, command i , that th< a1<nt of the " Iea i,
controll<d by you
'TAAD.ho T "."'''1 " .... J A.v""'; T'1''''
For uampl<_ if m<mb<r S_ hn a pinned conntion at it< ,un
nod<_ if }"ou 'p<cif}'
5 START MY MZ
i t moo", and or., r<lud a t th< <tort nod<_ But if
5 START MP 0_99
you ar< ,aying that the bonding and tonionil ,tiffn' or<
1<" thon what tho}' would bo for a fun}, mom<nt ri<tant
conn<ction _ Thm_ tho 1<;< nuhbl< <tiff""" might b< ad<quat< to
.now tho l""d to pa" through tho node from one m<rnb<r to til<
other.
So_ thj, i, whalma,- b< don<:
a Change tho d<clu.tion of th< tru" memh<n in }our model
'rom
ME"-'SEATRUSS
m
ME"-'SEA RELEASE
rrem!>-li51 START MPO_99
rremb-l i51 END MP 0_99
ME"-'SEA RELEASE
MP 0_99
b_ Run the ."i1l',i, Chock to mok< mre tho i",ability warning'
no long'" a pp<ar _ Th<n ch<d lOur nodil di'plac<m<n"_
c_ ffth< di'plac<m<nt< ar< lor-ll<_ roduco tho u1<nt of tit< r<l<ne
from 0.99 10 '"}' 0_98_
n
"
Question
Answer
R<put <"'P' (b) ond (oj b)' prog!.,,',..l}' due.,,!! the aUnt of the
l ene un! ,I the di<plac<IIlcnt< ore <au.factory_ When th<}' look
ru..onablc. chock the magnitude of the roomen" and ,hcor at the
nod oftb<Xc mcmb<n and mz1< <me thot the connection will be
a ble to handle tho" forc.< ond IOOmcnt<
STAAD.Pro 2002 onwud,_ }'OU CIII apply ,h. poniol I<lu", to
inoli ,';duil moment deg"< of frdom. For cUInplc _ you could
... y
ME"-'BER RELEASE
rreml><iSl Both MPX 0.99 MPY 0.97 MPZ 0.95
TIU. Unibilit} p<nnit, you t" adju<1 j u" the <p'cific degIO' of
frdan that j, the probl. m orca
You COIl r<for to S<ction 5.22 1 ofthc Thnical Ref'IOne. ).ilIluil
for detail<.
[, thOIe an}' gI>.phical faci li ty in STAAD by which I.OII uominc
t il< point< of imabil;,}'
Y . th<rc j., Go 10 the Po" proc",'ing mode If imtabiliti ore
prcnt. the ?-;od page .:leas the le ft ,ide ,hru.ld contain a <ub-
poge by the name Imtabilit),. If }OU click on thi . two abl .. ; l l
a pp<H i10ns tho risht hand .id<
The upp<r ubl< li m tho node numh<r. and tho llobil d<g"" of
frdcrn at that node which He umabk A ,ero for a d.o.f
indicat<' that ill i, ~ ~ ll . am. 1 indicat<, it i, umabl< Cli ck on
t il< row and tho node and all memb<" conn<et<d to it ~ ; l l b<
highlight<d in tho drawins
Th< lower ubl< hu all of tho j oint< in tho ordOI that gi,. .. tho
,tiffn<<< matrix tho minimum bandwidth which minimil<' tho
running time. Wb<n ajoint i. ur"abl<. it moan, that tho j oint and
.om< or ill of tho j oint< b<for< it in tho Ii " fOTIn an umubl<
,UUctur<. That i,. H<n fixing HOI), ,ubqu<nt j oint in tho Ii "
would not trW< it ,able.
[f the imabih,,. i. at the Jut j oin! [or <om<tiID the lut j oint and
one oth<r j oint) thon the who!. "ruetur. j, fr in that dirtion.
:':01< that ,ll< imabili'y j , r<port<d at the lut joint in ,h. Ii " that
;, on the umabl. compon<nt. If a column j, pinned at the bu<
a nd nom connticm Ol< [<n<d in Elobil M,.. the column will
b< tonionill}' umahl. _ but cnly one j oint on the column win b<
r<port<d u umuble ond it could b< an,. j ointon the column
"
Seismic Analysis Using
UBC And IRC Codes
8uic principl<
Wh<n a building i, ,ubj<ct<d to an <o:rthquu<_ it und<rgo
\'ibration<_ Th< ~ ~ i g h " of tho ,tructur<_ wh<n ace< l<ra1<d i10ng
til< di .. ction ofth< urthq uu<_ inruco fore<, in tho building_
!'onnilly _ an < labout< dynamic anil},;, call<d tim< hi <1or}
anily'; , i, r<quir<d to '01 , -< for di'Flac<m<nt ,_ focco, and
r<action< rulting from th< , eiunic acti\'it}' _ HoWH<I_ cod lik<
UEC and lEe FIO,-id< a ,atic m<thod of ,0hinS for tho , -uu
Th< g<n<rilil<d FIOC<duIl! m<d in tho m<thod, con';m of 3
<t<F'
Step I : Cilculat<
Bu< Sh<u _ Factor f' Weight W
wh<r< "f " i, cilcubt<d from t<TIn< which ab into con<id<ution
til< ImpolUne< factor of tlI< building _ Sit< Clu, and <oil
choract<ri,ti. <te_ W i, tho toti! , -<:rticil ~ ~ i g h t d<r;,-<d li:om
dud ~ ~ i g h t ofth< building and oth<r impod weight<_
Step ! : Th< bu< ,Il<o:r i, th<. di<tribut<d o\"<r tho height of tho
building u a ri 01 point load,_
Step 3 : Th< mod<1 j, th<n anal} .. d for tho horilOnalloo.d,
g<n<:rat<d in ,t<p 2_
,
d' ________________ -"""""OO."".,., '"'."' .... '" .... '""',"''''''''''','''"",.
Th< input r<quir<d in ST AAD com; '" of 1 put<
Port I. app"'" unokr a heading coiled
DEF INE USC LOAD
"
DEFINE 18[; LOAD
contain< the 1< rrm m<d to compute of" ond "W dcrib<d in ''''I'
,
Pon 2_ "moh app"" within a load cu<_ contaim ,h. actuil
im' ruotirn to general< t he forc<, d<<erib<d in ''''I' 1 ODd onolp.
,II< UnIctUI< for tho
L<1 m <.<amine thi, produr< ming the <.urnpl. probl<rn ,hown
b<low_
STAADSPACE
SET 1..5
Th< <1ructur< j, defined u a 'pac. (urn. typ<_ Th< maximum
nurnbu of primu} l oad ca,,, in the mod.l j , . to S.
UNIT KP FEET
J<lNTCOORD
1 DOD; 2 0 10 0; 313 10 0;4 21100; 5 4D 10 0; 6 40 DO
7020.50 ; 8 20 20.5 0;940 20.50
REPEATALl.1 DD 11
loint c<>ordin ... , or. ,!",cifi<d ming mixture of HpI icit
d< 6nition ODd generation ming REPEAT commond_
",.,<,<,o""""""" ,, ,",","'.cc< """'o"'"''''<,. ______________________________ ,
- I J
MEMBERINCI
1125 ; 613 ; 746 ; 82 7 ; 91810; 11 9 5 ; 12 28 ; 1358
2110 1125 ; 2610 12 ; '71315 ; 2111116 ; 29161130 ; 3118
" 321117 ; 331417
4121144
4571647
51 1 11
5210 2
53 216
5411 7
55614
56155
57 5 18
58149
~ I < m b a incid<nc or. <p"cifi<d m ing a mixtur< of u plicit
d< 6nition ODd g<n<ration.
MEMBER PROPERTIES
1 5811 21 25 28 31 TA ST W14X!ID
2342223 24 TA 5T W18lOS
910 29 3D TA STW21X50
41 T0 44 TA D C1ZX30
45 T0 47 TA D C15X4D
Ii 7 26 21TA Sf HSST20X1ZXO.5
51 TO 58 TA LD L5IXJOII
1213 32 33 TA STTUB2lXl1205
r
----------------- . ... ,""' -c""' u,--'"'_r.O"".c'
o I
Vuiou< "ction 'Yr ue m<d in thi, mood Among them Ol.
double chonn.l<, hon"", ,tructuuJ <<<tioo< ODd double OIIgl _

E STEEL AU.
POISSON STEEL ALL
DENSITY STEEL ALL
Structural <11 j, the mauria! m<d in ,iii. moo.!

1610 15 FlXED
Fix<J <upport< or, d<finul at 4 nod
MEMBER TENSION
51 TO 58
S 1 to S8 or. defined u capabl. of cOIT)'ing 1<mil. fOIT<'
onl,..

DEF .. E USC ACCI DENTAL LOAD
ZOM: O.311 RWX 2.9 RWZ 23 STYP4NA' NY 1
SELFWBGHT
FLOORWEIGHT
YRANGE911 FWADD.4
YRANGE 20 21 FLOI'.D O.3
Thor. ore two ,tag'< in the comITWId <p<cification of the UBC
loo.d<_ Th< fint ,tag< j, initiat<d ",j!h ,II< commond UEC
LOAD. H<r< w< <p<cif}' porom<"',. <uch u Zon< factor.
[mportan ("",or. <it< coefficient for wil chuac1<ri,u <1e. ""d.
til< \'<nicilload, ("elghal from which the ba>< ,he.,- will b<
cikulat<d. Th< \,<rticilload, may b< <p<cifi.d in the (OTID of
<.Uwcight. joint wright<_ m<rnb<r wriSht<_ < lemont or
noor wriSht<, f loor i, m<d when a p,,ure acting OY<r a
panel hu '0 be oppli<d when the <1ructuril <ntit}' which md up
'Il< panel (lih a i1umirum roof for uampl<l ; ,,,,If ;<n' , defined u
pan of tho modd Th< ",lfweight and noor " .igha or< ,hown in
tlli, H mnpl<. It i , impcct ant to note that th<", \-<nicil load, are
m<d pur<l}' in tho d<t<rmi nation of the horizontal ba ", ,h<or onl}'.
In other wonl<. tho ,truct ur< i , not anil}' l<d lor th< \-<n icil
loo.d,
LOAD 1
UBC LOAD X
Thi , i , tho ,ond , tag< i n which tho UBC load i , applied tho
It< lp of load cue numh<r, corrpondi ng direction (X in tho ab",-<
u",) and a factor b}' which tho g<n<ut<d horilOntilload, <hould
b< multiplied _ Along "it h tho UBC load deadweight and other
\-<n icilload, rna}' b< added to tho "'In< load cu< (th<}- or< not in
t lli ' H ampl<) .
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT LOAD DATA
CHANGE
A lin<ar <la,ti c t}' p< onal}, j , i , r<qu<<1 ed for load ca 1 W< con
\' i<w tho ,.,,11.1<, and po<ition of tho g<n<ra1<d load, with tho help
of tho PRI:-:T LOAD DATA command u",d abol"< along with tho
PERFOR.\I A:-:ALYSIS commlIld. A CHA:-:GE commlIld <hould
foll"w tho anil,.,i , cOmInlIld f(J( moo<l< like t lli , wh<r< tho
TE,SIO:-; comtrWld j , u<l in conj unctioo with UBC
loo.d ca,
LOAD 2
UBC LOADZ
11' < d<fin< load cu< ! u comi ,ting of tho UBC loo.d, to b<
g<n<u1<d along tho Z direction The ,tructur< win b< analYl<d for
t bo g<n">. t<d load,
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT LOAD DATA

The anoly, i , imtruc tion i , 'p<ci fi <d again.
,
LOAD 3
SELFV-l.0
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE911 FLDAO-{) A
YRANGE 20 21 FLOAO:;il.3
In load ca 3 in thi. probl<rn. w< appl}' 2 ')'1"'< of load._ Th<
lfw<'gh, j, .pplied in the globiJ Y dirtion acting
Th<n. a no", lo.ul g<n<ration;, p<rform<d. In a n"", load
generation. a p,,ur< 100.<1 (fore< p<r unit nul j, com'.rud by til<
pmgrorn into 'J'<cific point< [0" and di ,uibut<d fore<' on tho
m<mh<n loca1<d in that ",sion. The YRA:-;GE (ODd if <p<cili<d.
til< XRA:-:GE ODd ZRA:-;GE) \'uu or< u",d 1<> define the "lion
of the <1ructur< on which the p,,ur< j, actinS. Th< fLOAD
<p<cilication j, m<d 10 ,!,<cif}' t il< alu< ,,[that pr<<<UI<_ AU
\'alu nd to b< pro"id'" in the curr.nt lr.'\T 'y<1<m. For
umnpl< _ in the fin' line in the abO'", fLOOR LOAD
<p<cilication. the sion i, ddin<d u king locat<d within the
bound. YRA,GE of 9-11 ft . Sine< XRA.'GE ond ZRA.'>GE >r.
not m<ntion.d. the <ntir< noor ,..;thin th< YRA'>GE win b<eom< a
candid",< for tho load. Th< -0.4 .ilnifi that tho pr<"ur< i. OA
Kipl.q. ft in tho n<gatiy< global Y di,tion.
Th< p,ogram win identify tho ".",11><.-. within tho .p<eifi<d
lion and d<n,'< :\IE:\!BER Lo.>'DS on th< mmll><" ba .. d on
t load dinnbution.
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
The anal),.i. i"'truetion i p<eili<d agun.
LOAD 4
REPEAT LOAD
11.03 1.0
Load cu< 4 i11mt "''''' tho ",chnique employ<d to i"'truet STAAD
to ca'" a load cu< which com;'" of data to b< umhl<d from
othor load ca ... alad}' p<c.ifi<d <arl,. W< would lik< tho
pmgurn to analy t h ~ <tructur< fer I"., .. frern en 1 and 3
acting ,imulton<ou.:!y_
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT srAncSctlECK
C_,
LOADS
REPEAT LOAD
21.0 31.0
In load cu< S. w< imtruct STAAD to cr<at< a load ca com; <ting
of data to b< u .. mbl.d from cu., 2 and 3 acting <imulun<oml,._
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT srAncSctiECK
CHAH!JE
Th< anol,.,j, imtruction i , <p<ci 6<d agun.
LOAD LIST 4 5
PRINT .IOf\ITDISPLACEMEHTS
PRINT SUPPORT REACTlONS
PRINT ME_ER FORCES LIST 51 TOS8
FIIiH
Th< STAAD run j , 1<nninat<d.
,
, r
__________________
Quest io n When [ <!,<c if )' ,,<rue':! weight< und<r the DF[:-; UEC LOAD
commond. why do I hn< to 'p<cih 'h<III agoi n und<r the actual
l00.d cu.? Won' STAAD b< double -counting tho,.
Ans wer G<nn .. n,. _ .. U coo. ", 1at<d , ej unic m<1hod, follo w .. produr<
called ,atic <qui ".l<nt """hod. That j , to .. )' _ n on i f " i <mic
fore<, or. dynornic in natm . the }' can b< ,oh <d mi"l! .. satic
a pproach.
That ""' . "'_ one h ... to fi n ' COID< up with , a tic load, _ Th. " or.
cikulat<d muilly "'ing an <quat iOD coiled
H _ comtant x V
wh<r. H j , the hori,onul load which j , cu cula1<d
Vi . lh< a pplied \,<rticillo. d
In STAAD. the V Iu., to b< def ined undorcommond, lib
DEF INE [Be LOAD
DEF INE IB[; LOAD
Th. r<. th. ,. or. defined in the form of lfw<ighL j oint
m<rnb<r ,,"u ght. <1c. Thoo J . t. 'p"ci fi . d 0,..' ther< j , m<d j u" to
compu'" the V _ H<ne< _ one< the H i . d<n,-<d hom the V. the V i .
di ocud<d If a mer wan" the .tructure to be an olyo<d for the
, -<n icilload . the,. hn< to be explicit,. .p<ci fi <d Load ca, ..
That i, what you'll f ind in exampl< 14_ Load cao<, 1 & 2 cent u n a
hon,ent ilload and a ' -<Iticilload_ Th< honlOntilload com
from til< UEC LOAD X :o.nd UEC LOAD Z comIIWId, _ Th<
, -<n icilload com from j oint load command, _
So_ ther< i , no double countins_
'TAAD_ho T "_LOLOI " .... J _ Ahuo. ' T""",
'-l
Question: W< would lik< to kn",,' what Ta and Tb in the ,atic ,e.imlic bu<
,heM output <land for, W< know that both or< compu1<d tim<
p<Iiod<. but w< would to know wh}' t h<<< or< "", ,'oIu<, for it.
Answer Th< UBC and mc cod im'oh< d<1<mnnation of the p<riod bu<d
on 2 m<thod< - :\I<thod A and :\I<thod B, Th< ,.oIu< bUM on
:\I<thod A i, coll<d Ta, Th< ,'alu< bad on :\I<thod B i, call<d Th_
Question What i, th< diff<r<n b<t wn a WE IGHT and a
LOAD'
Answer Th< WEIGHT opti(ln i, 'p<cifi<d und<r the UIlC
LOAD comIIWId and i, ned m<"'l}' to u,<rnhl< the alu
which mu< up the ,'alue (If "W" in the UBC <quat ion<_ In other
word,. it i, the omount of lump<d at the joint and a fraction
of thi, <,'<ntuall}' mu up the totol bue ,h<or for the
,tructur<
A LOAD on the other hand i, an actual fore< which i,
acting at the joint. ODd i, d<fin.d through the m<aII' of an actuol
loo.d cu<_
Question When min! the "ACCIDE'iTAL" option in the UIlC
LOAD" command_ it app<.n that for the IIIlm di'placem<nt along
a gi,'.n axi, STAAD,Pro onl,. con<id<r< the di 'plac<m<nt in one
direction rath<r than a phI< or mimI< di'plac<m<nt, [, thi, tru<'
You can ,'.rif}' thi, by adding the "ACCIDE " option to
Exampl< Problem and complring the action<_
Answer U .. the "ACC [2 " option '" explained in the commond 'yntH in
,tion S, H , l! of the Technicol Rd<r<ne< IIIll .... aL You can
'p<ci fy a n<gati ,'e ,,,lu< for f! if }<lU want the minm 'ign for the
tcnional mom<nt<_ You will nd STAAD.Pro 2003 to u thi,_

>T AAD.ho T ''' ''' .. " . . .. l _ Ao,-.. "J Top'"
l Q ~
Quest io n HoI<' do I di'pla}' tho Load ,..Iu of an IBC lOOO load cu,'
Answer Fi"t run tho on.l} ... , . n.<n go to tho Vi<w m<nu_ choo St ruc tur<
Diagram<. ~ i c k on tho L"ad, and R<,ult< tab. S<lt tho load cu<
cOIT"ponding to tho mc load commond Switch on tho ch<d box
for Load,_ clid on OK
Calculating Mode Shapes, Frequencies
And
Participation factors
In STAAD. th<r< OI< ! """hod, [or obaining tho fr<qU<Il<; of a
<tructur<
I. Th< RaY!';lh m<thod uting tho CALCULATE RA \lE1GH
FREQUL,CY command
2. Th< .!abo"". method inyoh utracting <ig<m'alu
from a matrix bad <m tho <tructur< ,uffn. and lump<d
mo. .. in the mod< L
Th. RaY!';lh m<thod in ST AAD j, on<-ituotion . pproxim.o.1<
m<thod from which. ';ngl. fr<qu<nq i, obain<d. It m tho
di<plac<d ,hop< of tho m<><I<l to obtain tho fr<qu<nq_ :-;dl. to
,.,.. it j, n t "''''''],. imporWlt th. t the di<plac<d <hap< th.t tho
ci!cul.tion j, b .. <d 00. r. <<rnhl. one of tho ,jbration mod.,_ If
on. j, in1<r<<1.d in tho fundom<nul mod . tho loading on t ho
mod.l <Ioould com. it to ill'plx. in. mann<r which r<mbl tho
[undorn<ntil mod . For o;ornpl<. tho lundorn<ntal moo. of
"ibution of wI building would b< contil. \u <1)' 1< moo.. ",h<r<
Ill< building <won from ,ide to .. do with the bu, r<rnuning
<at ion",)'. Til< 1)'1'" of which croat<, a di'plac.d ,hap<
which r<mbl thi, mod. i, a lat<:ru fore< ,uch u a wind fo",._
H.nc<_ if on. w<r. to m. the Rayl<igh m<thod_ the 10.,1< which
,hould b< appli.d are lat<r>.lload,_ not , -.rticuload,
For the <ig.molution m<thod_ the m<r i, r<quir<d 10 'p<cif,.-an the
mn .. , in the mod.l along with the dir<ctiom th.}' are capable of
\'ibrating in_ If thi, data i, COIT<etl,- pIO,-;d<d_ the pr"!!uID extract<
U man,. mod u the m<I r<qu<", (d<fault , -u u< j, 6) in
ue<ndingord<r of 'trun .n<'!!)'_ Th< mode <hap<' can b< ,-i<w<d
to , -<nfy that thn rrW. m<_
,
,
,
_________________ -'''''"''"C."o,'',.,. .o.,,.,'',' .. "".,,',."C" ,",""',,'-C"""
Th< input "moh i. important and ,,1<1''''' to tho ."iI)',;, of a
<tructur< for fr<qu< no; and mod - ming t he < 'g<n\,uu<
ntuction m<thod j, uplain<d 1><1",,-_ n". or, uploi n<d in
H<ociation with an <:urnpl< probl<rn pro\'id<d at the end oftbi,
<<cUon_
L The DE,SITY command
On. of the critical cOmp<ln<nt< of a fr<qu<ncy anu)'u< j, the
a mount of "mn, und<rgoing ,';I:ution. For a <tructur._ !hi, mo.
COID from the ,,If'l.iShL and from p<nnon<nt/impo><d load, on
t il< buil ding_ To calculat< Ifw<ight, d<mit}, i, r<quir<d. and ; ,
h<ne< <!,<cifi<d undu the command CO:-;STA:-;TS
2. Th< CUT OFF MODE SHAPE command
Th<or<ticalll'. a <tructur< hu u mony mod of ,';butioo u the
numb<r of d'gIO'< of frudom in the mod.L HO"" '.L the
limita tiOn< of the math<rna ticil proc. m<d in ntracting moo.,
rna)' limit the nurnb<r ofmod that COIl octuilll b< ut",ct<d_ In a
large <tructur . the varaction pro",,, can aho b< a I'<r:' time
comuming pro", ". Funh<L oot all mod or, of <quil importance.
(On< ID<nure of the imponance of mod i< the porticipotion
fae!or of that mod<.) In man,- CH. the 6"t few mod mo.}' b<
<uffici<nt to obtain a <ignificant portion of the toti! d,.namic
rpom<.
Du< to th< nom. in the abn'" of an}" aplicit imt ruction.
ST AAD cilcu1at onl}' the fi"t 6 mod, (V<"iom of ST AAD
prior to STAADlPro lOOOcaku1at<d onl,. 3 mod by d<faultl .
Thi< i< like <a,-ing that the command CUT OFF ~ ! O D E SHAPE 6
hu bn <p<cifi<d.
ff the imp<ction of the 6"t 6 mod rH<i1< that the o"<rill
"ibration patt<rn of the <tructur< hu not bn obain<d. one rna,.
Hk STAAD to comput< a larg<r (or <maI I<r) numb<r ofmod with
t il< h< Ip of thi< commond. Th< numb<r that follow< thi < commond
i, tho numb<rof mod king r<qut<d. In our Hornpl<. w< II<
uking for 10 mod b}' 'pifying c ur OFF SHAff 10
3. Th< :'>IODAL CALCULATIO:-; REQUESTED command
flU. j, tho command which triU'" the calculation of r"'qu<nci
and mod.It;, <p<cifi<d imido a load ca. In othn wonk !hi.
commond accompani th. load. which or. to b< m<d in
g<n<uting tho rna matrix_
Fr<qu<nci and moo., haY< to b< c.kulat<d when dynornic
anil}-";, <uch H !pon .. <!'<ctrum or tim. hiuOI}' onuy"< or.
c.rnro oUl But in <uch ... 01,. .. ,_ tho :\IOn>.L CAlLULATlO:-;
REQUESTED command j, not nplicitly r<quir<d. When SIAAD
<ncoun1<" the command, for rpom< <jl<ctrum (><. <uInpl< 11)
and tim< hi"or} (< uornpl 16 ond 22) . it automatic.n}- win
C.ITY out .. fr<qu<nq u tnclion without the help of the :\IOn>.L
commond
4. Th< :\IASSES which or, to b< m<d in the :\IASS
:\IATRIX
Th< ma,h=,icil method t hat STAAD u,"" j, coiled the <ub,p'
i u ration .ig.n u traction m<thoo_ Som. information on thi, i,
a \ulabl. in Stion 1_18.3 of th. ST AAD.Pro T.chnical R.f<r<nc.
Th. m<thcd inmh 2 matric - th. <1iffn. matrix. and
til< ma matrix_
Th. ,tiffn. motri_,_ muall} call.d th. [K) m>.trix_ i, umbl.d
ming data ,uch H mmtb<:r and .l.m.nt l.ngth,_ m<rnb<r and
l<m<nt prop<ni _ mOOulm of. lut icity _ poion' , ratio_ m<mh<r
and .l<m<nt r.lu,_ m<rnh<r ofh<1 ,_ <upport informat ion _ <1c
,
,
For u><mbling the mo. matrix. coiled til< matrix_ STAAD
m the load data 'p<cified in the load cu. in the MODAL
CAl REQ command j. 'p<cifi<d. SO. 'DID< of the impc<tant
Hp<Ct< to b .. r in mind or.:
'- Th. input you ,!,<cif,. i , wight<_ not rna". Int<rnilly_
STAAD win com-or' wright< to Inn", by diyiding the
input by _gO, the acluation due to gInit }'_
II. If,b< ,tructur< ;, d.clOI<d", a PLASE fnm . th<r. or, 2
p,m'b]. dir<ction, of ,';bution - global X. ODd !lobil Y. If
the ,tn.lCtur< i , d<do:r<d u a SPACE laID<_ ther< or< 3
p,m' b]. di,tion, - globoJ X_Slohu Y and !!lobo! Z.
IU. thi , d"", not gUOIOIlt that ST AAD ,,;11
automaticill,. con "doc the rna .. for ,jbratioo in ill the
n&ilabl< dir<ctiom
You hH< control o\-"."d or. :rromibl. for 'p<cifying
the dir<cticm in "hieh ,II< rna" ought to \; b<>.1<. In
oth<r ""rd,_ if a wright if not ,!'<c ifi.d ilong a:rtUn
di:rtion. the corrponding d<gr<<< of rrdom (such u
for <uIIIpl< _glob.:l Z "' node 34) win not rei,"< a
contribution in tho mi." matrix" Th< rna" mlltrix i ,
. ,,<mIll<d ming only tho ma,, fmm tho weight< and
dirtiom ,!,<eifi<d by tho m"
In our Hample_ n<ltice th. t we or< ,!,<cif,-ing tho
.:long gJobo.l X Y and Z dir.octiom" Simil..-l,.".
tho <lemont pr<"ur< load i , .:1 '0 'p<cified .:I ong .:ll 3
dirtiom" W< h n< chon not to ""triet any dirtion fcc
thi , problem" If a m<r wi,h to rtriet a rain to
rtun dirtiom onl,- . .:Il hel<h< hu to do i, not pro,-;d<
tho dirtim, in "hicb tho weight< cannot ,"ibrat< in
lll_ A, II1a;:h H I"''' ibl< _ pro,-;d< . b,olut< ,".:Iu fur tho
w<ight<_ ST AAD i , profr>.mm<d 1<> alg<bru e.:ll,." .dd tho
weight< .,nod_ S.o_ if ",m< ar< ,!,<eifi<d u
I"'"tiy< numb"s_ and others u n<gati'"<_ tho toti! weight

"
"

1"

"
" .
p
" ;
a :
, .
" 0
"
'"
..

;.
;;,
, .
;
=

.E
'.

;;

i
i

!

u

"

,
;;
..........

Ii "l,,';; .... i:j
.......... .n . -
. 0!il!il!il.;;-O . ..,0
0", .n"'-"""'.
.... -"'-"''''I!! -"'- ..
Iii ;2 .- - .- . i! .- iii f1I
. i3 1iI!i 111 "l .
.. .. 1:l .......
- .... .h"C.- '"
"'"'!iI iiI"''''--"'-
'oN '" -0"'''' .... 1]1 ....
0 .... "'-.'''" .. ,...--- '"
0 . -.-- .... "'''' ....
",0"' 00<'),... '"
.N_."' ...... '.,._
.. "' ........ 0 ... "' .... '" __ N .g ...... '
.. C"'.. "''''0.'
_.Or- __
0:: '"
iii .;; .- iii '" .- .- .no iii
_c "'_'" .-
"'",-.... .. ........... 'Il 0
0 .... 0/1,..,...,;; ., .,,...
0,.... ..,'" .n ,...'"
<110 0 "'''' .... 0'''.- ....
C ..... ,,"" . .- .. _ ....
f- ,... "''''''' .... '''r-'''_ ..

ii :;; "' !iI i '" .. :;; l(l ..'
!
N_ c.
Co"" <:;" r-.ii
'" CJlo.ii"c;o",lll;! l(l ",,ii

...
i:j .. iii
",,...<'lS!::!

.... [iii
"'0,...,..
-'ON
' .. ' r:: .. ", ....
.-.-.
"';';,.!!l ..
' .... ,
'" r-
".-.
,...,... .......
l'I ..
"' .... ':".!!I .
.......
<Dr- .......
.... ,..."'

!:IN..,,...
c-.
"''''N ......
N N" .
.
,...,... .. "''''
..N" ..

::: . iii N RI IS
... -.'
N
iii: :: CI :nllHl

LI,I ........ '
.. N
.:: ill :!! !:! ilUEI
.......

.,.
.
.. :;;; ....
---

.......
CI

"' -.
-..

* .. :J to: iii
... ....
...... ...
.. .
'" !i 5Ui
.... ;; ...

:I"'N .....
iiI ....
..... ..
"' ......... ..
r
______________________________ """',o,",o,', .-,-".,'""'-.. "'-' ,.OU,""""""""
I

MEMBER PROPERTY
1 TO 40 PRIS YD 1 ZD 1
ELEMENT PROPERTY
41 TO l1li THICKNESS 0.5

E CONCRETE ALL
DENSITY CONCRETE ALL
POISSON CONCRETE ALL
CUTOFF MODE SHAPE 10

1 TOB FIXED
UICT POUND FEET
"MASS DATA AND INSTRUCTION FOR COW>UTttG fflEOUENCI
AND MODES
LOAD 1
SELFWBGHT X 1.0
SELFWElGHT Y 1.0
SELFWElGHT Z 1.0
ELEMENT LOAD
41 TO 88 PR GX 3OD.D
41 TO 88 PR GY 3DD.D
41 TO 88 PR GZ JOO.D
MODAL CALCULATION REQUESTED
PERFORM ANALYSIS
FINISH
l-'nd <ntaDd in, 'be outpu t:
Af1<r tho j, compl<tI. look ", th< output 61<_ Th'. fil.
COIl be \-i.".d from Fil< - Vi.", - Output Fil< - STAAD rulpLO.
L numb<r ODd cOITponding ("'qu<noi ODd p<riod<
Sine< ". uud for 10 mod_ w< obtun a "'pon ",hieh j, u

,

,
__________________ """"0""-' .,""""..,,"", "'-." .... ".0""" ,."""
II. Participation facton in P<re<na g<
_ u P .... ...".ou
,.

--------------------------------------
_ ..

S ..... _T
S _ _ 2

'0.8'
. 0. '.00 .'.816 0.000 0.000
,
0.00 00 0.0. . 806 0.0.0 000
,
0.12 0. 00 0.00 ".208 0.000 0.000

0.00 I O. 0.00 91.10. 10.ICl 0.000
,
5.60 0.00 . 00 96.S0' 10.101 000

0 . 00 O. QO 0 . 00 96.808 '0. ,,>1 000
,
0.10 0.00 0. 00 9 . 910 '0. ,,"- 000

0.00 00 Q.ll 10.5"'- 5U

0 . 00 ,.69 0.00 96.91. 1l . 1I17 O. I II
..
'.ro
0.00 . 00 U.181 O.Ul
[n tho explanation abo,.. [or tho CUT OFF :\IOD commond.
.. .id that one m..,'UI< of the imponOIlC< of a moo. j, tho
porticipation factor ,,[ that modo. \1'< COIl < from the abo,".
port tbat for \'ibration .:long X di",ction. the 6", moo. hu
a 90. 89 p<rc<nt ponicip.tion. It j. Iho ' pplI<n' th.t tho 4th
modo i, ..-imuil" a Y di r<etion modo duo to it< SO,S"
porticipat ion along Y and Oin X and L
The SlJ:'!:\J -X. SU:\'!:\J-Y and SU:\!:\J -Z columm ,how tho
cumulati,'< "i1u< of the participation of ill tho mod<, up to
and including a gi,'<n mod<_ On< can inf<r from tho t<nm
that if on< i, int<r t<d in 95" participa tion X_ tho f,,,t
S mod ar< mffici<nt
But forth< Z dirtion_ H<n with !O mod_
obtained 0_6,,_ Th< r<non for thi, can b< und<"tood b), a
do e:umiMtion of tho nature of tit< ,UU;:tur<_ Our model
hu a ,hur will ch 'pan, in tho YZ plano, Thi, mu tho
,tructUI< H u<m<l,. ,tiff in that plan<_ It would uk< a lot of
<nOIg y tomu< tho <tructur< ,.ibrat< i10ng tho Z dir<etion
ar< n u act<d in tho nnding ornHof <nag)' _ Th<
higher mod ar< hillh <n<'l!}' mod, compor<d I" tho lower
mod, It i , lik<l,. that unl<" w< n.i tho numb<r of mod
u u act<d from !O to a much larller numb<r - 30 cc mOf< -
urin! the cur Off SHAPE command. w< rna,. not
b< able to obain ,ub,untial paIlicipatioo i10ng the Z
dirtion.
Anothu unique a,!",ct of the aboY< Iu1, ar. the mod
all 3 dir<ction. ba,'. 0 or n<or Oputicipation. Th.i, j,
cam<d by the fact t nat the ,jb",tion p. tt<rn of t il< moo.l for
that mod. ru]t< in ,)'mm<trican}' locat<d rna .... yibrating
in oppo<ing dirtiom. thm caIIli"l! Hoh oth<r', < ((oc'-
Toaionil mod too .,hibi, thi, b<hnior. So< the nnt it<m
fcc the "",!hod for ,'i<wing the ,hap< of yibution. Locilil<d
mod. whOI' mtall pocha in the ,tructur< und<rgo fiut"'r
due to the iI ,,!au,'. w<ol "iffIl<" compo:red 10 the ,,<1 of the
mod.L 01<0 ""uh in ",wI pa n icipation bet en.
Ill. Vi.wing th. mod. ,h.p"<
Af1<r t he onil}-,;, i, compl<t<d. l<el p.,"-proc<ing from
the mod. menu. Thi, ,crn conaim faciliti for graphicill,.
uamining ,II< ,hap< of tit< mod. in ,atic and anima1<d
yi<w,. Th< DJ'nornic., pas. on the ld, , ide oftb< ,crn i,
nubbl< for \'i<wing tho <hap< of tho modo , tot icill}'_ Th<
Anim.tion option of tho Rul1< m<nu con b< m<d for
onimating tho modo. Th< modo nurnb<:r ean b< 1<e1<d from
tho "Load, and R<ul,," tab ofth< "Diagram," diilog box
up wh<n tho Animation option i, chon. Th<
<il< to whieh tho mM< i, drown i, controll<d ming tho
"Seal" tob of tho "Diagram, " diilog box_

..
Ho..- ... mod, fT<qu<nd .. and ,b. otber tum. aT< ca1<ulat<d
Th< proc. of cikulating tho :\IODES and FREQUE'>CIES j,
lrnown u "100.:1 Extraction and j, p<rfofIIl<d by ,ohing tho
<quauon.
",'[m] { q ) - [ K J { q ) _ 0
Wh.,.
[m) th< rna" matrix (aum<d to b< diagonol. I.e no
rna coupling)
(0 th. "otuIo] fr<qu<nci (rig<m-alu)
{ q) tho nccmiliz<d mod. <hap<' (. ig<m"<c,on;)
Fr<qu<oq-(HZ or CPS) _
Th< ",lut;on m<thod u .. d in STAAD j, th< Suh<pac100:1. Shap<_ V tor.
:-;ormol 10.100. :';ormili,.d :\10.:1< Shap<
Cenerali zed W<ilh' and C<n ... li .. d ..
hch rig<nI'Hlm {q) hn OIl ."ociat<d g<n<ulil<d mo. d<fin<d
b,.
G<n<ulil<d "In, (G.'\I) _ { q IT [:\1) { q )
'TAAD,ho T ",,"'. " .... J _ A_v""_ T""",
Participation f &ctOT< _ A portic ipation foctor (Qi ) i , comput<d
for uch e.ig<n,'tor far each of the thr<. globol (Xi) tumhtionol
dirtiom_ :-; i, the numb<r of mod
Modal W<i"," - Th. modol we.il'" for .ach mod. i, (GW)(Q'l_
Th. ,ummlltion of modal for oll mod in 0 gi,'.n di",ction
i, .quol to the Bu. Sh.or which would ""ult from a on. g bu.
acln.tion, Th. <urn of the modiI ror the comp.l1.d
mod may Ix compa",d to the to ... 1 we.iS'" of the ,tructur. (only
til< we.ight that hu not b<:.n lump<d at ,upport<)_ Th. diff<r.n
i , the amount of w.iSht mi"inS from a dynamic. bu. excitation,
modol rpon onoly,i,_ If too much;, mi"ins_ th.n "'nIl the
ig.n",lur.ion u bn,o: for .. gr<a1<r ,",mlxr of mod
ST AAD print< the '1IIA 55 P A RTlClP A TlO:'< f A CTO R 1:'<
PERC [ :'< r for .ach mod< _ Thi, i, the modal ight of a mod. u
a pun ... g. ofth. to ... l we.ilht of the ,tructur. , Al<o anmning
<urn for oll mod., i, gi,'.n '0 th.t the lut lin. indicat<, the p<rnt
of the toW we.iSht thot all of the mod u tuct<d would r<pr.nt
in a IS bu. <xci ... t ion_
n
Response Spef,f rum Analysis
D<<<Tiption
Rpom< <p"ctu ore 1'10" of maximum ,. <pome of <ingl. d<gIO'
of frdom (SDOF) ,}"um <ubjtct<d to a <!,<cific uc iarion. NT
ariou> ,..]u of fr<qu<ncy of the SDOF, y<1<II1."d \'''';011<
damping ratio,_ the puk rpom. i, cikulat<d.
Strue,ur normzll} ha,'. multiple d"gIO" of fludom (:'>IDOF)
Th< dynomic anil},;< of" :'>IDOF ')'<1<II1 ha,;ng "n" DOf im'oh
r<ducing it t o "n" ind<p<nd<nt SDOF '}<t<rn,_ Th< modol
<up<rpo<ition m<thod j, 1.I"j ond .h. maximum medii rpom.,
are combined mins SRSS. CQC."d oth<r m<thod, nubble in
STAAD
Th< commond ,}ntH for <ldinins '"PO''''' <p"ctrum data j,
Hpbin<d in s.ction 5.32. 10. 1 of the Thnicu R<f<r<ne< manual.
It j, importont to und<numd that onc< the combination m<.hcd,
lik< SRSS or CQC He applied. the "g" ofth. ru]1< j, 10<1
Con"qu<"t 1,. _ m1t< of .. <p"ctrum an"l}';,. hI.:< di<piam<nt<.
forc.< and action< do not hn< OIly <is"
Bam< <p"ctrum onily,i, "'qui, mod >nd fr<qu<nci< ,_ the
mu, data and oth<r d<taii< uplain<d in lh< chap1<' on c i l c u l a l i n ~
mod and fr<qu<nci or< ill applicabl< in th< cu< of 'p<ctrum
anil}-", iI ,o_ In oth<r word,_ the mode ond fr<qu<ncy cilculation
i, pr<-r<qui,i1< 1o p<rfccm;ng 'pom< 'p<ctrum >nily';'_
,
,
Ca lculation of 8 a Sh ea r i n .. Rpon 5 p tTnm Analrsi<
Th< bu. ,hoor, for aliHn moo. for .. gi\u dir<ctiOIL r<port<d on
til< r< 'rome <p"ctrum onal,. .;. i, obtained u
A" S'C'D
A _ :\Ia" puticipation factor for that mode for that dirtion
B _ Tow rna <!"'c ifi.d far th.t dirtion
C _ Sp<ctulacl", .. tion for tha' mod.
D _ dirtion factor <p<cifi<d in thot load c ..
A j . cucula1<d by the p"'Eum from the rn o" matrix."d mode
.hap<'
B i. obtained from the rna"" <",,<ified in the "'rome <",,<trum
loo.d cu<
C j. obtained by inrpol"';,,!! b<twn the mu pro,';d<d ,'.Iu of
p<riod n . >clu arion ond multipl}';ng the ,ulling Hlu< b}' the
SCALE FACTOR
D j. <!",ci 6<d by the moe
H. nd inl ~ [ o m . n t Di." .m fo r .. load cu. 'hat inmh .. 'be
Rp""" Spectrum A nall,i.
[n .. "<pon .. <p"ctrum analy,;< in STAAD. the m<mb<r for.: ore
compu1<d accUI>.t<l,. only ., the l <n,:I< o(,h< m<rnb<, _ Th< <.isn of
,h< .. forc<, connol b< d<t<nnin<d due toth. fact that the m<thcd
m.d to combin. t il< contribution of moo.. do .. oot allow for the
d.t<rrnination of the .ign of the fore . Furth.r. th. fore. n] u
do not n.c<<<arily indicat< wh.ther th. fore occur a t the <mIl.
imWit of tim .
In ocdoc to dra,," the b<nding mom.nt diagraIIl. on. nd, I" know
til< mom<nt< at tho in1<rm<diat< ,,ion point< on the m<rnh<r. In
ordoc 10 cucubt< th. "ction forc. \'uu. tho fOIT at tho
m<rnh<r end, ha,'. to b< u "d. H o ~ ~ \'" _ due to tho ,!",ciil nature
of tho.. end fo. \'uu ... d<<erib<d in the p.ragraph abo," . it
mok .. no me to cucula 1< the in1<rm<di.t< ,tion (ore<' b."d
on the end (OIT< , '.:Ju.
Du< to !hi, Iu..,nins_ the b<nding mom.nt diagram ,imp!}' COIlnot
b< drawn occurauly for the rpon .. 'p"ctrum loading. ST AAD
me1,. plot< . ,truw.' lin. that join< the b<nding mom<nt "uu.t
III< <tort ond end joint< of the m<rnh<r which Ol. U m<ntion<d
<orl;<,- .b"lIut< (pouu,'<) "UU. Curr<nt , ',,<iom of STAAD do
not l.t til< mI<mh<r Que!"}'_
Compari,on of TU]t< of a .ptnm anal)-';. (..-hich u. 'he
l ' B C . ptrum data) ..;,11 lb ... <uIt. of an <quinl<ntl-' OC
Itatic analr.i.
For tho fOllowing "a..om. thi. compori..on i.n, muningful
In a .p<ctrum anil}'.i . tho numb<r of moo.. ' 0 b< combin<d
i. a di.ion mad. b}' the <nginur. [f 100" porticipation
from tho mod ion', utilized in the di.plac.m.n, cilculation.
i, i. ob,-;ou< tha' ,h. rult< win b< on[,- approxima1<
2 In a 'p<c' rurn anily.i . the contrib,nion from , h. nrie ....
mod i. combin.d ming an SRSS m<thod or a CQC m<thod.
both of which or. onl}' approxim.1< m<thoo.. On. "U)'
imporunt drawhack of both th. m<,hoo. i. ,hat tho <.ign of
tho di'plac.m<nt< and fore<. connot b< d<1<rrnin.d, Aho. tho
mIt< can "U)' .ignificanll}' d.p<nding on tho ')'1'" of
m.thod ud in tho combination.
J [n tho UEC ",,"II>d. onl}' a <.inEI. I"'riod i. ud, :->ormilh'.
the ... umption i. that thi. I"'riod i. a .. ocia1<d "ith a mode
that . ocomp ..... a .ignificant portion of ,II< o,'naU rpome
of tho "ructur. , Thi. rna}' not n.co ...--il,- b< true in "ili',-. If
,
r
----------------- . ..... '"' -," .... u, --."'_rC'"".'- '
, I
Que sti on
Ans wer
roo", ,hOIl one r<quir<d to capture the O\'<ro]]
rpon .. of the ,truclur<. tbat fact j , nol brought to light i n
the UEC "alio <quin].nt approach.
4 Th< UEC ,a1,e <quia].n' method im'oh ,n<ral
p.aIIl."''' ,uch u I mportone< factor. ,,,il ,tructur<
codfici.nt. <1e. which ore incorporat<d t llcough OIl <rnp<ricil
formu la . In a rpon ,,,,,<truro t h<r< j, no f=ilit)'
aYu labl. to incorpont< th. facton in a dir<et "wm..-
Du< to ,h. nom . dir<et comp"-;",n of the ru1" of.
'p<etrum .,,01)' ,;, ODd ,atic <quinl<nt approach j, not
r<comm<nd. d
What j , th. Sc il< F actor th. t n.od, ", b< pro\' i d<d when
'p<cifying the Rj>CCI Sp<ctu'
Th< 'p"<trurn d.t. com;", of pu n of "uu wMch IT. I'<riod ,',_
Acen. or Ptricd n , Di ' plM""<nt . lb. ac Cll<ration or
di'plac<m<nI , '.:I u th. t } OU obtu n from the g<ologic.l dato for
t hat.o1< rna,. ha \'< bn p",,,id<d to } 'OU U nonna]i "j \"Iu or
un-normali "d I'Ol u. :';ormihution "",an, that tho ,..Iu of
ulu .. tion cr hue by a numb<r
(can<d normali zation factor) which pr<n" 'all< "f<<<ne<
,..Iu<, On< of tho commonly ",<d normali zation facto<, i, 'g. tho
aclu a tion due to gruit,-.
If tho 'p<ctrum dato you 'p<cif,. in STAAD i , a nonnui l<d
'p<ctrum dato. you <hould pro\-;d< tho :';OR.\IAUZA no:.;
FACTOR u tho SCALE FACTOR. lf yoUJ 'p<ctrum dato j , un-
nonnui l<d. thOI< i, no need to pro\'id< a u< factor{AnothOI wa,.
of putting it i, t hat if } 'OU pro\'ide un-mnnuj "d 'p<ct rum \'u u.
t I>< u< factor i, L hpp<", to b< tho default \'u ulak< ,m< that the \'u u< ,-ou pro\-;d< forth< SCALE FACTORi,
in accordan with tho length uni" } 'OU hue 'p<cifi<d. (A common
error j , that iftl>< <e.'I< factor j, m<r< "ron<oml,- pro\' i ... 32.2
when tho I<ngth unit i , in I:';CHES.)
ST AAD "ill rrrultipl}' the <""ctn] acc<l<ration or <""cttil
di'plx<IIl<nI nlu by th< ", 01. factor. H<nc<_ if}'ou pro\'id< a
normili l<d Kl<rat ion alu< of O. 5 ond a <cu. bctor of 386.4
indll"l_'" i t hu the <am< .Hoc! u pro\'idinS OIl un-normilj ,.d
acln .. tion \, .. lue of 193.1 incW'q.<<c. ODd .. ", .. I. factor of 1.0
Question Wh" j, the Di",ction Factor that nd, to be proyid<d when
<p<cifyinS the Rpcm< Sp<ctu'
Answer Th< Di,oetion factor j, .. qUOD';!}' by ",hich the <!"'ctril
di<placem<nI for the uwcia",d dir<ction j, multipl i.d.
For uompl<_ if the comrn.o.nd .. ad, u
SPECTRUM SRSS X O. 7 Y 0.5 Z 0.65 DISP DAMP 0.05
SCALE 32.2
Foruch mod._ the p"riod i, d<1<nnin<d.
2 Corrpondins to the p<riod. the <!"'ctul di<pl:om<nt for
tha' mod. j, c .. kulat<d by in!robtion from the input pun
of p<riod \ ~ . <p"ctral di'plac<rn<nt . Cill thi. ' ,d"
3 Calculate the <p"ctrol di<plac<m<nt for <ach dir<etion b}'
multiplying ->d- b}' the aocia1<d Di"ction factor.
Th. X dir.oction 'p<cuu <Ii,plac.m.nt _ ,d 0, 7
Th. Y dir.oction <p<cuu <Ii'plac<m.nt _ ,d 0, S
Th. Z di"ction <pt",l di'plac<m<nt _ ,d ' O,6S
n. factor<d , 'u u ar< th.n multipli.d by
a the mod. <hap< "Ull< corrponding to that d'l'" of
frdom
b pOlticipation factor
CuI the "mit Tim) whore -m- "and, for the mod. nurnbu.
,
r
------------------"""',o",'--'.,""""..,,"", ""' --""'"00"""""""

Question
Answer
One< the T(m) j , d<1<rmiIl<d for all mod. <ubj<et th<rn to tho
SRSS c':kub,ion. That jl<o\'id< the nod. di<plac<III<nt
cOIT"'ponding to that d.gr of freedom
Th< rult, of the rpon .. <p"ctrum 10'" cu. or. i1w.,. , po<iti \ ' <
numb<r<_ \Vh}" How do I know th.t the po";t ;\'. , ,,Iu. j,
criticil. p<ciilly from tho d< "S" ,undpoint?
In . <p"ctrum .".1,.,;,. the contribution ofth. indi\'idual mod j ,
combin<d m ins method, <uch "' SRSS orCQC to orr;,' , the
0\,< ... 11 ""rom . Th< limitotion of th. method, j , rut the 'iSII
of the 'pon .. cannot b< d<urmin<d d1<r the method j , appli<d.
Thi, j , the IOuon why the output you l<1 from STAAD for.
rpom< <p"ctrum .".:1,. ... , or ,,,lut< ,..]u<,
On. way to d<':! with the probl. m j , tocru t< 2 load combination
ca, for u ch >< , of load co,,, you wi,h 10 combin._ f<lr <nrnpl<_
if th. dead load cu< i , I. and the 'p"ctrum load cu< i , ,. you
could
LOAD COMB 10
11.15 1.3
LOAD COMB 11
11.1 5 - 1.3
and me the criticu ,'uu< fran among" th< 2100.d combin.tioo
ca, for dign PUIpO'. What you accompliu, from thi , proc<<<
i , that you or. comid<rin.sa po,iti,'< <ffeet u '1'<11 u the n<g.ti,'<
< (foct of the 'p"ctrum load cu<
Ques ti o n; In the Technicu Rd<Il!nc< manual <<ction S.H 10.1. you ."'1<:
1'01<. if data j, in &cl<ution unit<. th.n 1 SCALE toa
com.n';on f&etc<" to the ellrr<n! length unit (9.8 1. 386.4. <1e. )"
What do s &cluat ion un;"- m<an'
Rei al ed q u es Ii o n : What j, the Scale hctor that nd<1" be pn)\jd<d
when <p<cif,.ing the Rpon .. Sp<ctu'
Answer Th< <p"ctrum data com;." of pu r< of ,..Iu which or. Pniod H.
Aecn. or P<ricd n. Di 'plac<rn<nt. Th< acl<ution or
di<plac<m<nI , '.:Iu that JOll obtoin [mm the g<ololical data [or
tlmt <it< rna,. hn< hn prO\jd<d to "'ou u normilil<d \'alu or
un-normalil<d nlu. l'ormiliution m<an< that the , '.:Iu of
acln .. tion cc di<plac<rn<nl hn< hn .n,jd.d by .. numh<r
(c .. n.d normalization factor) which r<prrn1< <em. ,<for<ne<
\, .. lu . On. of th. commonly u<.d n",m,li,.tion [act a-, j, the
.. clnation due to gIni.),_
[f the <p"ctrum da,.. you <p<cify In STAAD" a normujl<d
lp<ctrum data. you <hould proyid< tho :';OR.\IAUZA TIO:';
FACTOR u tho SCALE FACTOR. If your lp<ctrum data jl un-
normuiz<d. th<r< il no nd to proyid< a lCU< factor(Anoth<r ny
of putting it i l that if y"u prOl' id< un-ncnnuil<d lp<ctrum \,uuo.,
til< u< factor il I. h happ< '" to b< tho d<fault YUU< UlC.)
<ill< that tho "uu< }"U prOl' id< for tho SCALE FACTOR il
in accordanc< with tho lmgth unit< you hal'< lp<cifi<d. (A common
<Iror il t hat if til< lCU< fmctor il '!'. m<r< nron<omly pro\'i<l< 32.2
wh<n tho l<ngth unit il in
ST AAD ,,;11 multiply tho lp<CtrU ocl<ration or lp<CtrU
dilplac<m<rJI \,uuo. by tho ue factor. Honc<. if you prOl'id<
nonnuil<d acc<l<ution alu< of O. S and a lCU< factor of 386.4
iOC h/l'I-'<C .. it hu tho lorn< <ff<ct u prOl' iding an un-n<lnnuil<d
acc<lmltion ,,,lu< of 193. 2 inchl<q.c. and a al< factor of 1. 0
,

Question
Answer
Question
Answer
STAAD i1lo"" m< 'ou SRSS. ASS. CQC ASCE4-98 & TE'>
P<rnt for combining tho "'pom from <acn moo. into a toul
rrom . Th. CQC &. ASCE4 "",!hod, qui .. dornping. But.
ABS. SRSS. and TE.' do nol m< dornping unl." Sp<ctu-P<riod
CUIY" or. mad function of dompinS_ \Vh}-?
Th. 'j><ctnl ace< I.ration ,-.am p<riod cur,. j, for portioul."
,".lu. of dIlmping. So tho u, hu l<e1<d a dornping
1" th. uln.tion cur, . Th. dornping on th.
commond only df<ct, tho cilcubtion of tho cloll 'pac<d modiJ
i"'<faction matrix SRSS. ABS. and TE" do not m<
I ha,-. 'om< doubt< in ho"," tou<. tho Sp<ctrum cOOlmlIld
Fi", of ill. d d loa"" or .:I",.,., oppli<d in tho Y u" dirtion
(downword,j . Wh.n I'm going to run. 'p"ctrum on.l,.,i ."d I u ..
til< urn. d<ad load, _ do I h. \-. to modify ,h. di",ction of til<
loo.d, ?
Th. load data }'ou in th. load cu. in which th.
SPECTRU:\! commond i, 'p<cifi<d go into th. =king of th.
rna" matrix_ Th. rna" matrix i, ,upP"d to b< p"pulat<d "ith
1<rrru for 011 th. globol dirtion, in which th. <1ructur. i, capabl.
of yibrating_ To .nobl. thi ,_ th. load, mmt b< 'p<cifi.d in 011 th.
p""ibl. dirtial< of \"ibration
Conqu.nt 1,- _ th. load cu. for 'p<ctrum miSh< l ook
,om.thing lik< thi,:
LOAD 20 SPECTRUM IN X DIRECTIO N
SELFWEIGHT X 1
SELFWEIGHT Y 1
SELFWEIGHT Z 1
_______________ ,
- I,
MEMBER LOAD
214 TO V7 UNI GX 1.36
212 466 998 UNI GX 4.13
313314474477 UNI GX 6.29
214 TO V7 UNIGY 1.36
212 466 998 UNI GY 4.13
313314474477 UNI GY 6.29
274 TO 217 UNI GZ 1.:16
272466 998 UNI GZ 4.13
313 314 474 417 UNI GZ 6.29
JOINT LOAD
420424 FX 47.32
389 TO :J!Il FX 560
420424 FY 47.32
389 TO :J!Il FY 560
420424 FZ47.32
389 TO 391 FZ 560
SPECTRUM cae x 1 ACe SCALE 9.81 DAMP 0.07
0.0250.14; D.D3D3 0.1636; 0.05 0.2455; 0.0625 0.2941:
0.07690.3479; 0.0833 0.3113;
0.10.3713; 0.125 0.3713; 0.1667 0.3713; 0.1895
0.3713; 0.25 0.211 5; 0.2857 0.2463;
0.33330.2111 ; 0.4 0.1759; 0.5 0.1407; 0.6667 0.1056;
1 0.0704; 2 0.0344; 10 0.001312;
LOAD 21 SPECTRUM IN Z DIRECTION
SPECTRUM cae Z 1 Ace SCALE 9.81 DAMP 0.07
0.0250.14; 0.0303 0.1636; 0.05 D.24!>5; 0.0625 0.2941:
0.07690.3479; 0.0833 0.3713;
r
----------------- . ... ,""' -c""'u,--'"'_r. O"".c'
..
Question
0.1 0 .3113; 0 .1 25 0 .3713; 0 .1667 0.371 3; 0.1895
0.3713; 0 .25 0 .21115; 0.2857 0.2463;
0.3333 0.2111 ; 0.4 0 .1759; 0.5 0.1407; 0.6667 0 .1056;
1 0.0704;..2 0 .03 44; 10 0. 001312;
Coni <!,<cif}' a diff<r<n, <p"ctrum for u ch ofth. 3 dirtiom
(x . }' or,j?
Answer: Yo. .
Quest ion : Con [did< hew man}' moo I wont to include in the <!'<ctnun
nil),';"
Answer u the commond CUT OFF :'>100 SHAPE. Rd. r to uampl<
problemIi ing j, the amount of "eight
mining in the mod.>; :'>IOOil weight i , the 'oul weight actu.:JI,.
m<d in tit< mod. If l" ou oIg<bnicall),'.uld up Dynamic &
Mi "ing. you ,hould g<1 :'>10001.
SRSS .. O OU CO .. 8 INH10N .. ETHOO US E O
OT N .... ,C WEIG HT X T Z 3 . ' 25' E.O' . '." . ... 0' . ' .. 27 ... 0' PO<l N
.. ,SSiNG WEIGHT X T Z -. ''"0 ..... ' _3 .2.2' .... 02 _ . 1. 02 .. E.02 POli N
.. O OU W.,GHT X T Z 1 ." ... ,..02 '.1 731IOE .02 ,.,2<," E .02 POli N
~
Question: What i, m<ant h}' :'>IASS PARll0PAll0:-; FACTORS 1:-;
PERCL,T'
Answer When the weight of the bui lding j , acl<rat<d in a ruin
dirtioIl. i t produc<. a (o'co in that dir<CtiOIl. That fore< can b<
b,ohn down i Illo ,mall pon,_ with <ach port coming from a
<!,<ci6c mod. _ Th< ,urn o(tb< \'alu of th". pora j, coile d the
ba ,heM
Question
Answer
Th< p<rc<nu.g< of tho w<i!ht ,,(th. bui ld ing. puticipating in!h.
, 'ibration i n a mod. in a <!,<cific di",ction i. call.d tho
P ARIICIP A 110:-; factor . It j , a '" "tion of tho pa n of the bue
,h<OL g<n<rat<d by that med. i n that dirtioIl.
[am a l ittl< bi, confm<d ,,'ith tho rpon 'p"ctrum .,,01,..;,
rult<, Ref" "'oor Ex.unpl. 11 rult<, Th< ,uPPO" ", action< thot
w< or. g<tting'''' til< .. m , for both the ,uW<>'" for load cu" 3
& 4. In combining 1a1<ril load, (rrom. 'p"ct rum loading in thi,
Cal .. ) " 'ilh , '.ni,.lload,_ oM "'ppon ,hould h"," ],,' o " ' ~ thlm
til< otll<r, At one <upport , the "<rUcil ac tion from the lat<rilload
ca win add to that from the "<rticilload cn<. and. at the other.
i t win g<1 <ubu-act<d, W h ~ ' do I not < that in til< <ula ?
Th< <upport act ion \' i1 u from a rpon'" <!'<ctrum a nily<i <
(li ke an}' other rula from a r< <pom< <!'<ctrum onil}' <i <) ar<
a b",lut< quantiti, Com<qu<ntl,. . the actiom from cn< 2. which
i < the <!'<Ctrllin cu<. or< both <quil and hal' < the <am< <iln. Th<
primM)' r<nom for thi < u<
a when the numb<n M< <ubj t<d to the SRSS. CQC or other
m<thod<. their <ign i < 10<1
b. the , 'i1u do not n<e=-il ,- fleet the r<wlt a t t he <am<
imunt of tim<
When you combin< th< .. rula with tho from the dead load
U "'. it l<ad< to the <om< , 'i1u< at both <upport<
"
Question
Answer
Question
II }OU WOIIt the rult< to trul}' ,dlt the <.isn. u .. a , ... tic
<qui,'u<nt m<thod lih that ,tipubt<d b}' the UBC cod<.
Alt<rm.ti,'el,.. pafoTID a tim< hi"o!'}' OIIupi, whu< the 'isn of the
\'alu i, obain<d for <aclI time <t0. Since the ,'alu from a "'pon .. 'p<ctrum
anu}' <.i, ar< ab,olut< quantiti<, (numb<n without < . i ~ n ) , th<r< j, no
"non.bl< way to obain it. You mo)-' add up the ,hUH in the
columm abo,'< thot Inil for.n 0pl"0xim.t< tim.t<
COIl ,-ou pl<a .. 1<1 m< know if w< COIl print ncolal acI<n>.tion
from "'pom< 'p<ctr.n",,' If '0, how do I print the d .... in the
"port formot or di'play i. in the Po,,-Prcc<.ins mod.'
Answer Add the word SAVE .t the end ofth< SPECTRU:\[ commond. A
ACC file will be c".t<d
Question
Answer
Thu< i, unfortun.t< 1,- no faci lit,. nubble for di'pla}'ing it in the
po<t -proc<.ing mode. Hown<L <.in til< ACC fil< i, 'impl}' a
tut 61<. }'OU con op<n it ming any tut <ditor. OIId in bc< I too, In
ExL you con m< the g'''ph generation faciliti<, lor plotting it
In a rpon .. 'p<ctrum ..,oI,.,i, ming the ST AAD, Pt-o. the bu<
,h<or i, oot m.tching with the <ummotion 01 the ,upport "action
alu in th.t dirtion. Wh,.' Aho. which "u u thould b<
tmn for d<<.isning the found.tion' the bu< th<or "uu< or the
,upport reaction "uu<' If it i, the bue ,h<or \'uu< then what i,
til< method g<n<ruly m<d to di<1ribut< tlli, bu< th< or to oil til<
,upport<'
Th. ,ult< or. , ... ti,ticaL SRSS. CQC <1< , Th. numb<n ar< ul
p<u po<.iti "< ,'uu<" Sine< <ach of the re.ction< at the time of
p<u ba .. ,h<.,- could b< 1<" thon th.t reaction', p<u and could
b< po,iti,'< or n<gati,'e. it i, likely th.t the p the "'ppo"'. hen
if you could. that not It< the put "action at til< ,upport. til<
"action print<d by STAAD i, the p<u ,'a1u<. If ther< or< 'H<ral
compon<nt< of "action at aJoint. t ll<<< ar< p<ak \'alu that rna}'
h.,.< occurr<d at different tim
Th< ba ,h<or report<d by ST AAD do not match with the
Summatioo of Support Reaction< in the " l<,' ant direction 1 want
t o Imo ... the "uon for the <am<
When the SRSS method i, mod. an ""ult< from a R<'pon
Sp<ctrum anal)"i, or< a rult of .. 'quor< root of a ,urn of the
'quar (SRSS) of the di"d output quantity from <ach mode
Th< "action< within a <insle mode rna}' h.,-< <qual and oppo,it<
reaction< of the ,'mom ,uPPO'" ,uch that the bu< <h<or for that
mode i, n<or lOro, Therdor< the contribution of that mode to a
SRSS of all the modal bu< <h .. ,. ... in It< lOro.
HOWH<L in that <arne mod<. a porticul ar ,upport m", hue a large
" action , 'a1u<. So when that \' a1u< i, SRSS<d with that ,uPPO'"
" action , 'a1u< from all th.< otha mod< ,. that ,am< mode rna}' It< a
major contributor to the final ,,,,,It for the ,upport ruction while
that mode contribut<, littl< to the bu< ,h .. L
Of cour if all the ,upport ",action< in an of the mod h.,-e the
um< <ign. then the an,w",,, win It< do
1 am g<tting a l.,-g< Diffe","ce in the rult< ( Bu< <h<u ) of
S<i,,,,ic Co< f6ci<nt :\I<thod (UBC) R< 'pon Sp<ctrum
:\I<thod. Can you explain wh}" AI "'. the CQC m<thod produce, a
hilh<r bu< ,hear thon the SRSS m<thod
If the bu< <h .. r i, 'p"ad o,'er many fr<qu<nci. the R<'pon
Sp<ctrum m<thod win rult in a 1>0. ,h<.,- that i, much lo wer
than on .b",lut< ,urn of the bue ,lI<or, of all the mod<" Th<
tll<ot)' of SRSS combination i, that the p<al ,'alu< from <ach mode
win occur at a different tim< and i, ,ati,ticall}' ind<p<nd<nt. In
"
-( ' ,I""od) .n "1"'" lu'pu,,,bpu, "
wnn,>d, .mod"" u, .nl',1 lInn, ,nd,n" I'np'-"pu, ,'_",13
01 tn
no" PI"0J uo,,""P X .ql u, l'qo19 [Rl0l 'ql 0'1' IOU
"uo,,""P X 'I{! u, a'q' .nq 1' 1'" punn "m u, ''In, nf
01 iu,,""''''' I lnq -Jo{D '" SSlIS I>I{!f'> u. W'I{! ,wn, ,'J1u.nb"qn,
>pOW 'OJ , '>.-II'" OW.IS l'ql &U"lU!l11
m,1 -.n, P'''I ,,,,au,,p 'I{! 'OJ u, uon"" 1'''''
'I{! 01 dn PP' IOU ""P U'"H,!, "''1 [RlOl 'I{! VP"'W
00 -'Idunn '''01 '1Uon,ull uoddns 1''1019 'ql
".,'!' .nq 'I{! d'qmon'I '" ''!1 '" lIt",iIl ua I
P"'I{!>W SSlIS 'I{! 01 p,ad"", '" "row .,0l{! JO ,mod",
'I{!"l'ldna 1[,," P"'I{!>W Jo{D 'I{! ""I',IU"" .,0i' IOj
-,nqd u, ,'I"nu",,.., un
,.uod", nlo'q"I{! 01 ",,,[',, Jan'I{! "I{! '''''[''1
I -'In", SSlIS 'I{! Iml{! I>qil'q q,nw" l In", wn, >111
,W>t'lo,d ,'= UI "I{! ou no.\ ->lIIn >w<' "',;,,,
,nqd u, tl',a"row 'I{! l'ql "wn,n q"q,\\
urnS >lnt"''IV &u"n puud "'I' " "'q' ,n'l 'I{! >QOl OW.IS
;'l
""01. ,. v - [ .... " '''''''1. "'nl vv B
.l J ." SUV
UO!ISan()
"
~
Let< ... ,. you hn< ',",0 mod and 4 <uw<>'" in the x dirtioD.
Th<n for the SRSS combin.tion method the ""ula or. compUl<d
"' follow.:

Support'! :'>1000 1 :".100< 2 Sum of Squa .. < SqUOI< root
Reaction R<action SRSS
w. - I S. m 18.0
, ,
"
, ..
19.0
,
" "
2138 46.2
, ,
- 12. m llA
SRSS Bu. She.,-
"
;; 1586 96.2
(Sum of
R<actiom)
11&6 _
39.8

:';01< th.t SRSS b." ,heM (39.8) do not <qui! the <urn of the
SRSS "actiom (18.0+ 19 .6+46. 2-.-11.4_96. 2). In <ffoet the
procedure '"Y' t h.t the muimum lihl}' ruction ,'Uu<., each
,upport ;, ., ,hown. Hown<r the maximum lihl}' <urn i, the S ...
,heor", ,hown. Thi, j, due to the fact th., the indiyiduo!
maximum> ~ ' O u l d not occur.' the ,orne tim. and not n.co, ... ril}'
with the .. m. 'isn. So the b ... <hur m.gnitud< j, mu.:JI,. much
1, thon the ,urn ofth< ruction<
Question: For Load cue I. [hn<
SPECTRUM SRSS X 1 ACC SCALE 0 .9806 DAMP 0. 05
0 .030.8702; 0.05 1 .0752; 0.1 15876; 0.15 2.1 ; 0.3 2.1 ; 0 . 5
2 .1 ; 0.71 .5;
0 .91 H167; 1.1 0.9545; 1.3 0.8077; 150.7; 1.70.6176; 1.9
0 . 5526;
r
_______________
"I
2.1 OA 762; 2 .3 0.397; 2 .5 0_336; 2.7 0 .28Bl , 2_9 0 .2497; 3.1
0 .2 185;
3 .30.1928; 350. 17 14; 3.7 0.15.34; 3 .9 0.1381; 4.' 0.1249 ;
4. 30_1136;
4 .80.0911; 6 0. 0583; 7 0_0429; 8 0 .03211; 10 0.021; 20
O.oosa; 30 0 .0023;
SPECTRUM SRSS Z 1 Ace SCALE 0_9806 DAMP 0.05
C.03 0_8702; 0.05 '.0752; 0.1 1. 5876; 0.15 2. 1; 0_3 2.1 ; 0 .5
2.1; 0.71.5;
0 .9 1.1687; 1.1 0_954 5; 1.3 (UI077; 1 5 0.7; 1.7 0 .6176; 1.9
0 .5526;
2.1 0.4762; 2_3 0.397; 2 .5 0_336; 2.70.2881; 2 .9 0.2497; 3. 1
0 .2 185;
3_30. 1928; 35 0_171 4; 3.7 0.1534; 3 .9 0.1381; 4. 1 0.1249;
4. 30. 1136;
4. 80.0911 ; 6 0. 0583; 7 0.0429; B 0 .Q328; 10 0.021; 20
0 .0053 ; 30 0 .0023;
SPECTRUM SRSS X 1 Z 1 Ace SCALE O.980S DAMP 0 .05
0 .03 0_B702; 0.05 1.0752; 0.1 1. 5876; 0 .2 2.1 ; 0_3 2.1; 0 .5
2.1 ; 0 .7 1. 5;
0 .9 1.1 687; 1. 1 0.954 5; 1.3 0.8077; 1 50.7: 1.7 0 .6176; 1.9
0 .5526;
2. 1 0 .4762 ; 2 .3 0.397; 2 .5 0.336; 2. 70.2881; 2 .9 0.2497; 3. 1
0.2185;
3 .30.1928; 3.5 0.171 4: 3.7 0 .15..34 ; 3 .9 0. 1381; 4.1 0.1249 ;
4.30. 1136:
4.80.0911 ; 6 0. 0583; 7 0.04 29; 8 0 .0328; 100. 021; 20
0 .005..3; 30 0 .0023;
Lo.ul combination S i, III SRSS of 1 & 2.
LOAD COMBl NAT lON SRSS 5 Uberlagerung
'TAAD.h . T " .Lh' I " .... J A'""" T'1''''
Answer
11.021.0
Should load cu. S produce th. nIn< .",w<rcting in the Z direction at an
iIll<",it}, of .. y 100':<
Th<n. l oad co .. 1 moon, til< u:rthquu< i. actinS.t a d<gre<
angle to t he X ond Z directio", ., on int<",it,. of 141.414'l.
Load combination S ",ill not produce the .. m< remit u lo.d c ...
3, An <uthqual< l00,} int<n,;,,' in X and another with ,
100'-, int<n';t,. in l j, not the <arn< .. m< with, 141 A'} in"",it,.
at, 4S d<gre< ongl. toX and Z. Th. combin.tion m<t hcd, , uch.,
SRSS or CQC ore not
Another reuon for th. difference hu to dowith the Directioo
fac tor.
"
Time History analysis of a structure
for
. .
seismic

Time hi <tor} onily,i, i, an e:<t<mion to the pro of cilculating
mod and fr<qu<nci in the m< that it occun att<r tho or<
cilcubt<d.
Th< input which i, r<IHUlt to the time hi"or} onal}<i' of a
,tructUr< for ,rimric acce l<utiom i, uplun<d 1><10"'.
Th<r< or< two ,ag<' in the commond 'p<cification required for a
tim<-hi<1o,,' onol,-,i,
Stal e I : Th< fint <tag< i ,d<fin<d u <hown in the fol lo,,;ng
<urnpl< H<r<. the characti <tie< of the <U1hquili. the orriyil
timo:. ond dornping are defin.d.
Example:
UNIT METER
DEFINE TIME HISTffiY
TYPE 1 ACCELERATlON SCALE 9.806
READEODATA.TXT
ARRIVAL TIME
00
DAMPING 0,05
Each daa 1 i, indi ,'iduan}' identified h}' the numh<r thot fonow,
t hl: TY1' command. In thj, 61<. only on. daa 1 i, d<6n<d
which i , appar<nl from th. fact thot onl}' on< n ' PE i, defined.
Th< weed ACCELERA110:-; that follow, the n '1' 1 command
'ignifi that thi, daa ,.:1 i, for ' ground accel<ration, (ll on<
wi,h to 'p<cif} a forcin.!! flElction. the keyword FORCE or
roml I>< m<d imt<ad,l
Soti the upreion "READ EQDATA.TXT".1t mean, that w<
hay. chon I" 'p<cify the timo: 1'< . ground accel.ration daa in the
fi l. cill<d EQDA TA. TXT. That fil< mmt r< <ide in the um< fold
H the one in which t he daa fi l< for thi, ,tructure r< <ide ,. A,
nplun<d in the <mill exampl <!town in Section , ,31 ,4 of the
Technical R<f<r<nce monuil . the EQDA T A , TXT fi l< i , a 'impl<
, r
__________________
tnt Ii 1< containing <"'<ral pu r< of tim<-a<<<l<ution dato. A
umpl. portion of that file j, u ,hown b< 1"",_
0.0000 0_00f.300
00200 0_003640
0()40Q 0_000990
O,OWO O.00428{)
Q_OBOO Q,00758ll
Ql000 O,Q1087Q
Wltil. it rno,. not b< 'pp.,,<nt from tho .bo,', numb<r<. it rn.,. .ho
b< no1<d th. t til< g<ologicil d.,.. for the <.it< the bui lding ,it< on
indica" thot the .boy. ",,l.ration ,'.Iu or fraction of
tho ul<Iuion du< to gI ni',.' _ Thm. for uOIIlpl< _., O.Ol <<<ond .
tho ul<Iuion ;. O,(XJ364 multiplied b}' 9.806 m/ ,Al (or
0.00364 multipli<d by 322 ftIc
A
2) . Con><qu<ntl)' _ tho burd<n of
informing the jl<osrorn th.t the , '.:Iu nd I" be multiplied by ' g'
j, upon u<. We do th.t by 'p<cif}' ing ,h. 1<rID SCALE 9.806"
.1ong<id< "n'PE 1 ACCELERATlO:';-'
The uri"i1 tim. \,uu. indica"< the , <lui," ,..]u< of time . , which
til< .. :rthquili b<gim to act upon tho <truclur<. W< hn< chon
0.0, u th<r< i < no o1hHdynornic load on tho <truclu,", from tho
,,!ati,'< time <andpainL Th< modil dornpinS ratio for ill tho
moo i < 1 '" 0.0,.
UNIT POUND FEET
LOAD 3 DYNAMIC LOAD CASE
SELFWEIGHT X 1.0
SELFWEIGHT Y 1. 0
SELFWEIGHT Z 1.0
ELEMENT LOAD
41 TOaa PR GX 300.0
41 TO aa PR GY 300.0
41 TOaaPR GZ 300.0
Load cu< 3 j, tho dYDomic load cu . tho on. which contaim th.
<<<ond port of th. imtruction 1 for a dynamic onaly,; , t" be
p<rform<d. Th. data h"r< ar.
a. load. which will ,.;old th. rnn, \, u u will popubt<
tho rna matrix
b. th. mrtiom of th<- load._ "hieh will }'i.ld tho d. gru of
fIdom numb<n of tho rna matrix for bring populat<d
Thu<_ tho If"'.;gh'- H w.U u tho impod load, on th. ,tructural
,lab or. to be con,id<r<d u ponicipoting in tho ,';bution .:Ions 011
til< glob.l di",ctiom. Th;, information j. id<nticil to "nat i,
<!,<cili<d in th. ,;tntion wh<r. ill that w< or. int<",,,.d j .
fr<qu<nc to. ond mod
GROUND MOTION X 1 1
Th bo,', commond 100 i, put of load cu< 3 H<r< w. <>.}' th. t
,II< ,ej<mic fccc<_ who ch.uc1<ri <l;", OI< ddin<d by tho n ' PE 1
,im< hi<tor} input d.to, H tinS .t .rn" u tim. 1. ;, to be .ppli<d
.long th. X dirtioo_
Eumpl<:
LOAD 1
",ass dala in weigh!
GROUND MOT ION d;reclion Typ"'* Arrival Tim""
PERF ANAL
FINISH
,
Time History Analysis for a Structure
subjected to a
Harmonic Loading
A <lnm",dall"odmg ""n< whl<h h ... th< d.ua<t<n<1I< "f
r<p<1Itn'm<<<, ... m the , "f a 'OW" at th< ,op of whl<h M< '''''0
radar an'mn .. wh"h <auw a ro ... nonu 'yp< of dynarnl< loadmg
WIth a 'plfi<d ro","on nl< and a nom mal turnmg
A ,inulidallcading u<uoJly <an Itt d<rib<d mmg th< <quan"n_
In tltt abon <q""-"""',
f (t) - of th< for .. any Imun, ofnme ",-
f - PHi ,..Iu, of th<
W _ freqlUn<y "f tltt for< mg fun<tlon
oj - Pho .. a,,!!l<
A plo' of ,b< abon <quation " ,bo"n In th< figur< Itt low_
."
/
-.
Ddinition of input in ST AAD fOT the abo'-. forcin , function
A, <an b< w<n from II< d<fint1l0n, a for<mg fun<1Ion "a
<on'muou< f""<tlon . How",,,, m SIAAD, a .. ' of d'l<r<1< nm<_
for<e pal"" g<n"al<d from th, fomng fun<tlon and an anoly'"
" p<rform<d mmg th<<< cb ,cr<1< tHn<_for pol"_ \\11 .. tha,
m<an, "that bo.d on the nurnb<r of <}"d tha, th< uwor <plfi<,
for the loadmg, S IAAD "ill 8m<ral< a ... bl< <on",'mg of th<
mognttud, of the forc< ..... nou, poml< of"m<. The 11m< ",Iu
ar< <bon from t lID< '0' ,,, n' ,< m 'I<P' of - S ITP- n "th<
numb" of <)'<1 and '" ",b< dun1lon of 00< <yd<. S ITP " a
,..Iu< that the ur may pro,",d< or m.,. <hoo .. the ddaul, ,..Iu,
,hat" built mto ,b< progntm. U .. " moy .. f" to <,"on 5.31 A of
,Itt Ibnt<o1 Rd<r<n :\t.nuU for 0 I", of mput pOlarn"", tha,
, r
_________________ -'"c"',"OC'"c , ccc > ",." ,.", .c"", ...... ,." .. , ... ,
ne<d 10 b< ,!,<cifi,d for .. Tim< H"'Qry Anal),,,, on a "ru,:tur<
mbJ<c1<d 10 a Smmo,dal10.d,,'l!_
A ' J P'c,,! <xornpl< of mput 'p<ClficatlOn for til. aooY< " shown
b<low. SQrn< typIcal mput thaI normall), .ppnn pnor 10 Ibu,
commllIld." .1", mdud<d.
UNIT KIP INCH
DEfNETNE HISTORY
TYPE 1 FORCE
FUNCTlONSNE
A ... UTUDE 10.8 FREQUEHCY 41 PHASE 30 CYCLS 150
TYPE 2 FORCE
FUHCTlONCOSINE
A ... UTUDE 12.3 FREOUENCY 28 PHASE 40 CYCLS 200
ARRIVAL TIME
OD3.0
DAMPNGOD6
Th<r< or, ''',0 ''''8'' In ,iI< commllIld 'p<Clfic."on r<qlllr<d for.
tlm<-h .. 'Q1)' on.I),,,,_ Th. fim ,tag< "ddin<d .bo,', H<r<, the
por.m<1<n of til. ,mmo,dalloodmg a" pro",d<d
h<h data "",, mdlYldually ,d,ntlfi,d by til. numb that follow<
'h< n ' P E commond. In >hI< [i l., two data "" or, ddin<d, whIch
,. appu-.nt from lb. [<I<' that two TYPE, u, ddimd
Th< word FORCE thaI fo til. TYPE n ccrnmo.nd "8mfi thaI
'h" da ... 1 " fon fom II!! fun<tlon (If WI>II 10 mo.,. b<
Th, <omITWId FU'\CnO,> COSf'>E mdi<a" < thot ,,,,,,ad of
do ... ,," H IDrE_FORCE po'r<, a <lnu<oldol
fun<1I0D, whl<h dmb ,..natlon of foc WIth "

PlITorn,t<r< of th< <o<m< fun<tloo. , <""h u FREQUE'>CY,
ond numhuofCYCl ES of apphutlon lIT, th<n
d<fimd. SIAAD murn.n,. g<n<ut d,,,,w, pm'
of data from the 'In< fmctlon In <"I" of tim< ddin<d by Ib<
ddault nlu. ( S <<<'.on 5. 31.6 ofth< Thmcal Rd<r<n
MOIIual for mor< mforma ,"on) . Th< om,'''' tim< ,-alu< mdlca,,< Ib<
"bn". nlu< of tim< at ,,'nch Ih< fCl"e< b<gm< to act upon Ib<
<trlli:tur< Th, modal dompmg rano for all Ib< mod"" ,,' to
0,075.
LOAD 1 DEAD LOAD
SELFY-l.0
Th< aboy< "a "u,c 100<1 cu<
LOAD 2 LOADING FOR TIME HISTORY ANAL VSlS
SELF X 1.0
SELF Y 1.0
SELFZ1.0
JOINT LOAD
10FX7.5
10 FY7.5
10FZ7.5
TIME LOAD
7 FX 1 1
14FZ21
17FZ22
Th< abo". "Ib< ,ond ,ug< of command 'P<ClficatlOn for 11m<
h",o,,' onal,.",_ Th< l n of data 'p<Clfi<d h<r< or< a) Ib<
for g<n<r&1Ion of tII< rnn< m>.tnx and b) Ib< applIcation of
'Il< 11m< "'!")'mg load, on lb. <tru<tun
Ih< 'HIgh" (from w!lIch 'h< mo.".< for lb. rna m.tnx.n
obt.on.d) or, 'p<Clfi<d In lb. form of lhHlght ond Jom. lo.d,
Followmg thaI, Ib< "nmol<lal for ".pph<d mons tII<
lOAD" commllIld. The forcmg function dncnbed by the TYPE
loo.d" applied en JOInt> 7 il <Lut< 10 acl <urnng al a time ddin<d
by the I" annal tlm< numb<r. At Jomt 14, the TYPE l force 1<
a ppll<d .Iong Fl, al<o <Lutmg at om,..] time numb" L Fmally, at
,
,
Jomt 17, Ib, TYPE ! fore. "apph,d ilong Fl, <unu,!! at orrlnl
"m<nurnb<rl.
LOAD COMB3
11.221.4
Ih< ,UUe and dynllIIllc load cu., u, comllln<d through til bo".
""
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT SUPPORT REACT IONS
PRINT MEMBER FORCES
PRINT JOINT DISPLACEMENTS
lh, m<mh<r [0'<. mpport ruction< and Jomt d"plam<nt< or,
cakulO1,d fco- <HI)' 11m< '''I'. For ncb d<gr of [rdoIn, lb.
mox,murn nh" of th, '" nlu" " u,uct<d from ,hu, h",on
and r<pon<d in lb. output fil< U<lng th< .bo", comIIWId,
Ho..- mod .. , frequenei .. and ,h. other t u m< calculated
Th< proc<" of cakulannl! Ib< S and FR Qll'El'CIE S "
known.< Extraction and ,. p<rform<d by <oh-mg lb.
<quanon:
"" [m ) {q } -[ KJ (q } - o
[m J the mo. manu (u<Uln<d to b< d"goM1, 1.<., no
mo. coopl mg)
()} til, ""tuuJ ["qu,,.,, (<lg<nnlu)
{q } Ib< normo.llZ,d mod, <hop (<1g<""10n)
Th< ",Iution ID<thod ud In SIAAD" til.
m<thod_
PIn .. noU til ... "UlOU< nom<nd.tur< 1< u .. d to r<f" to the
nonn.1 ""d" oh'lbratlOn. (E Ig<nnlut, l'.tural Fr<qu<ncy,
Modal Fr<qu<ncy .nd E'g<nY<ctar, Shape, \'tor,
l'ormal l'ormoll2<d Shap<.
E",h <lg<nHctor {q) hu ." U"'Cla1<d g<n<rallz<d mo. ddin<d
'"
Gon<rallz<d _ {q }T J {q }
Participation f actor< _ A putlclpatlon factor (Qi ) " compuud
for nch .iB<m'<ctor for ncb of the thr Slob.1 (XI) tr."d.1Ional
dlr<ctloD<. l'" the numbuof mod.
W. ip .. _ Th< modal w<lSht for .. ch mod<" (GW)(Q') .
Th< <urnmotlon of mod.tl 'HIght< fcc .n mod m gll'<n dlr<ctlon
1< <qual to the Bu. Shu!' whIch would mIt from. on. S b.
.cln.tlon. Th. ,urn of the modal 'HIght< fcc the canpuud
mod may b< comp.".d to th, total w<lgllt of the <tru<:tur. (onl}'
til< 'HIght that ha< not bn lump<d at mppon,} Th, dlff<rene<
1< the .",ount of w. Ight IIUms from. dynarruc, b." ,xcltatlOn,
mod.1 r< <pon .. .".1,.,,,. If 100 IInlch " rru "'ng, th.n r<run til<
<lg.molutlon . sl mg for a gr .. t<r nurnb<r of mod
SIAAD print< th, PARTIC IPA TlO:" fACTO R I:"
PERC E:"T" for tach mod.. nll<" the modal "'<lght of mod. u
p<rntag. ofth. total w<lghtof the <tru<:tur . ;,,1<0. runnmg
<urn for all mod" g,,'.n '" that the Iut lin< mdlcat the p<rnt
of the tcul 'HIght that .n of th, mod" <xtra<:ud would "pr.nt
In. 19 b ... <xcltatlon.
Time History Analysis for a Structure
subjected to a
random excitation
A tandom <xciu!ion;,. tOtC< ,.-hich vat; .. with hm . Hd not
fi<c<,u'i ly in In o'd<tly (O,hion. An <xl mpl< of lh< ,.m. i,
blolt ]<>ading
Th< only ditr<r<nco b<l",eH 'hi' lyp< of loading and Ih<
,inu,oid. llo. ding;' th at tho tOtC< v<flu' tim. d a,. h " to t<
d<lin<d <xph<itly ufid<, tho DEFI:<E HISTORY comm. nd
An <xl mpl< of it;, ,ho ... n b<lo ...
UICT METER KN5
DEFI'tETlME HISTORY
TYPE 1 FORCE
D.DDD01 -DDDOOOl DD05 -650 DDl -Il10 0.01 5 -Il10 O.D2 -800
D.D25 -8OD
O.IXI -700 0.035 -350 0.04 -250 D.1M!i -500 0.05 -73CI 0.055 -XI
D.Il6 -350 0.065 -280 0.07 0.015 -XI 0.011 -550 0.1115 -440
D.Il!I -415 0.095 -41 0 0.1 -420
ARRIVAL TIME
'"
DAIF.oIGO.D7
For . blo" typo of lo, din.g, th<t< t<. 'udd<n 'pik< in tll<
.. ,lu< of tho tore< 0.-'" '-y ,ho<1 p<tiod of tim.
t'EFINETIME HISTORY
1 FORCE
0.0 D.D 0.1 110.0 0.2 0.1 0.35 DD 0.4 DD 1.0 D.D
ARRIVAL TIMES
'"
DAaFINGD.D5
,
Generating loads from
moving load-causing units
Thi, type of l oading occur> c1a,,;cill}' when tho
unit, IDOl" on tho <tructu:r<. H in tho cu. of tru;: h on a bridll"
dock . Th< mobil. 1,, 0<1< or. di<cf<til<d into <<I'<IiI indi\'iduil
immobil< load eu at d;.cr." po.itiom.
Odinin, 'be input data
Th<r. or. l <tag<' for <!",cifJing th." ')'1''' of load,
Sag. 1 j,", in tho <:urnpl. 1><101<'_
DEFttE MO\/1NG LOAD
,
TYPE 1 LOAD 119.6 1011.3 94.5 DISTANCE 1.7781.5 WIDTH 1.8
TYPE 2 LOAD 34.9 34.934.934.9 DlSTANC_E 1.3 1.3 1.3 WVTH 1.1
Th< abo," lin "'p,."nt tho fin' ou' ,,(two "" of data r<quir<d
in mOI'ing l oad g.n.ution. Th< type numb<r ( I) i , a lab<l for
id. nuficati on of tho unit. <uch", a trud . 3 ul (
119.6 108.3 94.S) OI< with tho LOAD commond Th<
'poci,,!! b<twn tho ul .. in the dir<et ion of m''' '<m<n'
(longitudinil dirtioD) j , <p<cifi.d d1<r tho DlSTA'>CE
commond. Sine< th.r< or. 3 axl .. , thOI. or. 2 ,pacing< b<twn
.b<m. \\lDTH i, the ,pac ins in the tranH.,." dirtion_ that i,_ it
i, the di,W1c< b<twn the 2 prons, of on ul< ofth< truc k For
til< TYPE 2 truck. thor< H< 4 ul ond 3 'pacinS'_
LOAD 1
SELFY-l.D
Load ca Ii, a <,",tic load cu<
LOAD GEHERATlON75
TYPE 1 -3.218 D. 4. XINC 1.5
TYPE 2 -3.!1 D. 6. XNC 1.5
Thi, cantit"t the ,ond of til< 11m I< of dota r<quir<d for
moying load generation. 75 load cu<, ar< g<n<u1<d ming the
Typ<. clion 5. 31 1 of the Thnicil Rd<r<ne<
)'lanuil) ha\'. "'<n 'p<cifi<d d1<r the commond TYPE 1 ."d TYPE
l ",!,<ctiHl}' Th. X [ncm<nt of 1 Sf! denot that the "<hid.
mo,' along the X dirtioo ond the indi,';duil po,ilion< which or<
1 Sf! aport win b< u"d to g<n<rat< the I<mzining 74 load cu.
Th. bu" for <i<1<rmining the numb<r of load ca,,, to F"<rat<. 75
in the uUIll'l< abo," . j, u follow,:
A, ".n in S<ction 5.31 1 of the Thnicil R<f<r<nc< manuil. the
rdu<ne< whl i, on the lut v.1._ Th< fint load cu. ~ b i c h j,
g<n<<a1<d will b< the one for which the fint axl.;, jmt about 10
<n1<r the brid,<!<_ Th< lut l oad case ,hould b< the 00< for which the
lut ul, i. jmt about to <xit the bridg<_ Thu<_ the toW di"OIIe<
'I>.".ll.d by the f<r<nco load will b< the length ofth. ".hiel.
(<Ii,tone< fmm fim ule to lut axl.) plu< the 'FOIl 0(111< bridg._
L<1 u< can !hi, 1<TIn "D"_
[f we "cant t he ".hiel. to roo,.. forword in 1 5 f<<1 incr<rn<nt<
(uch 1.5 foot incr<rn<nt "ill croat< a di,cr<t< po,ition ofth< truck
on the bridge) . it ",mId r<quir<d (DIl .S+l ) cn t o b< g<nmlt<d.
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRNT LOAD DATA
The load generation command, are followed by the PERFOR.\j
A:-:ALYSIS command. Th< PRI:-:T LOAD DATA option j, med to
obtain a r<pon in the output file of th< ulu and po,irion< of the
generated load,.
Que st io n : I want to mol', a cune oIong a burn How do [ me ,h. m<>ljng
load g<n.ration [or tlti. cu.'
Answer u .. the <am< jn>duI< a < in the cu. of a bridg<_ S<1 the WIDTH
\'alu< 10 lOro
Question Coold you 1<11 m. how I COIl di'pla,. the g<n<u1<d malins load.
graphic oil}" I wont to < ... h<th" I <n1<r ODd g<n<ut< the mo\'ing
load. COITt1,.
Answer If you to oluin the poution of the conntnt<d load.
g<n<ut<d [rom a """' ins y<hick thi. j , wbat you COIl do
Fin'- mok< <u'"' ,h. inp.It file do<, hn< the cOIIlmond, r<quir<d to
g<n.ut< load. from a ".hid . EUIIlpl< 12 i , good ,. f<r<nc<_
Th<n. run the Af1<r the onily,j, j, <ucc<<<fuU,.
compl<1<d. the S.l.ct Lood" drop down Ii" box "ill contain
indi ,jduil load cu. nurnb<n for <ach g<n<ut<d load cu . for
uompl< _ if }'our qu<lIc, of load oht. j,
LOAD 1
Loo,D 2
LOAD 3
LOAD GENERATION 3D
Il1<n. utHth< onol,..;,_ the load .. [tion b<lx win li <1 them '"
LOAD 1
LOAD 2
LOAD 3
LOAD GENERATlOO, LOAD;'I4
LOAD GENERATlOO, LOAD;'I5
LOAD GENERATIOO, LOAD;'I
<1e.
,
,
S. It tho" ca._ and ,,,,itch on the 100<1 d;.p1a}' icon. Or_right
click th< mom. on the u<a. S.l<et Structur< Diagr.,,,,. [n
III< Load. and R< <u]t< ab. <witch on the ch<ck box for Load,_
loct the load cu. from the li ,,- and cli ck on Appl}' Kp
changing th. l oad cu . and b <p clicking on Appl}' _
Quest io n: i< thor< OIl}' n}' to g<nora a mo\'ing load on OIl inclin<d m<rnb<r
,
Answer Y you C.,L Hn< ]""k "' Socii"n S. 32. 12 of tho T hnicil R<f
You will find an option cill<d YRA.'GE. So. hn< th.
l ood l oc ot<d at OIl ,Inotion b< low th< lowor nod. of the m<mb<,.
and pro\'ide . which win <n.bl. t he I"0gurn to oppl,.
III< l oad on m<rnh<r< wno longjludinil ax;. he in th. rollg.
the lowu ODd UpP<10"'"-
Eu rnpl. : Wh. n data i , prol'id.d through the ext<rnal fil.
":\IOVlOAD"
Data in the input file
UNIT KIP FEET
DEFINE MOVING LOAD ALE MOVLOAD
TYPE 1 AXLTYP1
TYPE 2 AXLTYP2 1.25
Do .. in 1M wno.l fil.
AXLTYP1
10 20 15
5.07.5
.. ,
AXLTYP2
""
'" ,.,
,
Pressure loads on panels - Floor loads
Que s l i o n I om modeling a ,11 building comin ing of column< ODd burn,
Th< floor ,lab j, onon-'tructuul <nti, y _ which. though capabl< of
c.rrying the load, >ctinS on it. j, not m.OIl! 10 be an int.gral pm
of the homing '}'1<rn. It m<r<l}' tramm," the load t" the burn-
column grid
Answe r:
Th<r< >I< uniform or.> load, on tho floor (think of the lo.d u
wood.n pill." ,upP""ting box ofpopul . Sine< the <lab j, not
pa n of the ,tructural modd. j, thor. a n}' I" 1<11 ,h. !,""gurn to
m .mIDi, the load to the b<!.,,,, without IIWIuill}' figuring ou' the
bum load, on III)' ,",,'n'
STAAD', FLOOR LOAD option j, 'd.an,.' ,ui1<d for ,uch en.
Thi, i facilit}, wh<r< you ,!,<c if}' the loo.d H. p,,ur<. ODd the
progum com',," the pr.ur< to indi\'iduol bum load,_ Thm. the
r<quir<d fmm the moe i, \ '<1")' <impl. - load in"'mit}' in the
fOnD of P"llI<. and the gion or the ,tructur< in "nm of X. Y
and Z <"<,,,liM' in of tho u<a 0"., tho P"HU,",
aca .
fn tho proc<H of com'<rting tho P"Hur< 10 bum lo .. k STAAD
",in cccnida tho <mpt}' .pac< b<t"an cmning b<um (in plan
"i<",) to b< pan<!. imilu to tho "luu of. ch<nooord, Th< load
on <ach p.n< I i. th<n tnmfu"d to b<mru .urrounding tho pan<!.
ming a triansulu or tup-< loidol load di.tribution m<thoo.
U .. " can "<n fy tho accur ac}' of tho , '.tIu of th< Joint and
m<mb<r load. S<n<u1<d by th< fLOOR LOAD and AREA LU ... O
option by ming tho command
PERFORM ANAlYSIS PRINT LOAD DATA
Th< output 61< cont.Lin tho , '.tIu ofth< g<nn .. t<d load. If
til< \'alu or< not ",hat }'OU up<CL you rna,. dirtl}' .p<cify tho
Jor:-., LOAD. ODd :\ID1BER LOAD. on tho", m<rnb<n imt<ad
of ming tho fLOOR LOAD qltion to g<n<rat< load. for tho",
m<rnb<n;
,
,
I
==== __ -::--::-:::::::::: __ ... "" "-,,
ST AAD oho proy;d<, OIl option coiled O:"EW A Y load if the
di<tribution j, dir<d ilong the ,homr dirtion of .. pOIl<! imtud
of .. 2-w.,. action. Th;, .nd additional info=tioo on the FLOOR
LOAD faci li ty;, nubble in uornpl< I"obl<m 15 in the <uInpl.<
manuil. and ",ion S.3lA in the STAAD.fto T<chnicil Rd<r<ne<
manui!.
Question
Answer
A,. thOle an}- graphicil tool< 10 uornin< the indi,';duil 1'.,,<1< the
proEum con "d." in proc<<<ing the noor l oad command'
Y . Click the right mom. button_."d 11 L.b<1<. Und"
Loading D;.pla,. Option<_ D;.plal Floor Loo.d Di<tribution will
.how the di ,';<ion of pone 1< into influence or<10"') . Di<pla}- Floor Load, will ,how
til< triongulor."d t I>.p<loidilloading on the indi\'iduil m<mb<"
around each pon<1
_________________ ,
Question: \\'h<n do on. u .. FLOOR LOAD ODd when do on. m<
ELD!L,T LOAD'
Answer When mod<ling a grid ,y"em mad. up of horilOntil bu rn< and the
. lab. 'FOIl h<twn the bu m,_ thoc< or< 2 approach on.
rna)' uk< :
:\!<><I<l the bU m> onl}'. ond do not include the <lab. in the
mood HowH. L the luge in-pIon uffn. cfth Iab rna}'
b< tok<n into ""count by ming the mI.<1<r-. ln< " burn<hip
I" tie tog<1h the nod 0(,11< d<ck ", that a rigid di.phragm
.ff<c' i , ,imula1<d f.or the horilOntol plan< at the .:Jab 1
Th< qU1jon that .,-; .. , i . how do on. acCOUI" for the
di<1ribU1<d loo.ding (l oad 1"" or.a of "oor) which j. p,.n, on top
of the .lab'
[f you mod.l the <truclur< minl method (I ) . the load con b<
H<UID<d to b< tr.",f<rr<d diI<ctl,. on to the burn<. Th. <Job-b<om
grillage j. u<luIl<d to b< mad< up of . nurnbu "lpan.k .;mihr'o
til< <qUOI of a ch. boord_ Th. load on .ach pon.l i, th.n
,,,,"<i.IT.d to b<uru ,urrounding the pan.L ming a triangulOI or
""-Jl<,oid.:J load di,tribu,;on m<thod, You can do thi, in ST AAD
b,- d.fining the load in1<n,i'}' in the fLOOR LOAD comIIWId, In
othn word,_ the p,,ur. load on the ,lab, (which OI< not includ<d
in the mod.l) ar< com'w <d to indi\'idu.:J b<am load, by utili ,ing
til< fLOOR LOAD faci lit),_
In method (2) . the lact that the , lab i, part 01 the mod.l mol it
\'<'" <n,- to handle the load, The load can b< applied on indi\'idu.:J
< l<m<n" ming the ELE LOAD facility_Til< conIl<cti\-it}'
the b<a:rru and . lan<D" <n<ur that the load will flow
from t il< plat t o the b<a m, thrrugh the column< to the ,uPJ>C<"_
,
Quest io n I ha,'< a floor rrwI< up of 'H<ril pane 1<. Th< floor comi", of
"night -lin< <dgn but with a concn< fae< and a comu fae<. lii<
a boom<rong.
Answer
Th< toul floor or<a i, 381 'q,m, and [ am appl)ing a floor load of
1 tl<q,m. on til< <ntir< uu. Thm. up<cting a toul load of 381 t
From analy <.i, I g<1 toul l oad u 810, 2 t "nich i, not co=<1
When I "" 1o appl}' floor load to indi\'iduil ponil I g<1 n<uly the
Hp<c1<d load. But "n<n lh< floor load i, applied on group o[
pan<1< or on <ntir< ar<a. g"'-pbicill)" it ,how, wrong dinribution o[
l<>od and toal load i, iI,o not co=c1.
Th< probi<rn you m<ntion i, one ofth. limiatiom of the floor load
routine. II you ha,'. a floar wh",. ,hap< conaim a mixture of
conca,'< and comu <dg ... br<ok up th< floor load command into
'H<ril put ,. a, you hn<- done. Tbi, will [OIT< the progr"", to
l ocili .. it< uch for pone I< and the ,olution \\ill I>< much I><tta.
[f you am'1 do !hi<. the "oti", floor will end up being trea ted a<
on<- giant pan.l ",ith umati,facto')' rnult<.
Tit< exampl<- I><low i IImt n.1<, a cu< \\'h<r< the floor hu 10 I>< ,ub-
di,-id<d into "nall<r r<liom for the floor lo od g<n<r"tion to ,-i< ld
prop<r rnult<, Th< int<mil angle at nod<- 6 I><twn the <.id<, lOS
and III ue<.d, 180 .zgr<n, A <.imilu ,ituation uim at node 7
aho A, a rnult. til< foll owing comITWId
LOAD 1
FLO.JRLOAD
YRANGE 11.9 12.1 FLOAD -0.35
",ill not yield ace<pabl. ,nult<.
[mt<ad. th< f<gion <hould b< <ubdj,';d<d a< <hown in th<
foll owing uampl<
LOAD 1
FLO.JRLOAD
YRANGE 11.9 12.1 FLOAD -0.35 XRANGE -0. 1 15.1
ZfVV.KiE -0.1 8. 1
YRANGE 11.9 12. 1 FLOAD - 0.35 XRA/lKiE 4.9 10 .1
ZRANGE -l .9 16.1
~ - - - + - - - + - - - ~
,

T
'., 'W
,,,
~
'.
, ~

"
'. '.
'"
~
'"
'"
11
"

"
,
,
Wind load generation
O.ription
Wind load g<n<:ration in STAADPro i, a bcilit}. which tU u
wind p,,ur<. and height I>.ng<' o,..r which tho p,,ur
act and g<n<rat<' nodal pcint load, on "ind" .. ard and leeward ,id
of building . Thi, rna}' b< found in ctiom S. 31.3 and S. 32. 12 of
til< T hnicil Ref<r<nc< manuil. and in <umpl< probl<rn 1 S of tho
Eumpl manuil
Until and including STAAD.Pro 2003. thi, futuro i, capabl< of
generating load, on panel t)'p< of upod fae. So. tho bui, of
thi, g<n<ration i, that the program fiat id<ntifi panel< - "giom
circumrib<d by m<rnb<a and the ground - and U<UID<' that tho
wind p,,ur< act< on tho panil area. So. tho fore< on that ponel i,
cilcubt<d by multiplying tho P"UT< by tho panil aru.
Conqu<ntl}' . thi, t)'p< o(]oad g<n.tion i, applicabl< to
"clod" <tructu:r ,uch u office building' tho compon<nt
comtitUling til< panel< could b< a gIn' fa.;ad<. or will< maiI< of
wood or oth., mat<riil tlmt WH not conrid<r<d to b< part of tho
,tructuril moo<L
Thi, facility hu bn <nhanc<d in STAAD.Prn 21JO.1 by
conrid<ring lattic< t)'p< CF"n <tructur a!<o.
Odininl the input data
Sago 1 i, u in th<- e:<ampl< b<low.
UICT KIP FEET
DEFI'IE WIND WAD
TYPE 1
lNT .015 .022 D26 .028 HEll O. 30. 60. 100.
EXPOSURE 1.2 YR O. 15.
The numb<a which follow the word [:-;'TE:-;'SlTY are tho wind
p,,ur. Th< fiat int<n'it)' act< from tho ground (the datum) to
,
10 fL the ""ond from 10 ft to 3() fL ODd <0 on. E XPOSURE
facton;, which or< magnification or duct ion bctor< for th<
rulting g<n<nl1<d load. <lIould b< <p<cifi<d i[their "uu< i .
diff<<<'" fmm 1.0 H<r< _ ill nod b<twn 0 ond 7S f<<1 Ol<
Hlign<d a , '.:Iu< I 2.
LOAD lOW
SB..FWBGHTY-l.
LOAD 2_0
WIND LOAD X-l. TYPE 1
LOAD 3 _OZ
WIND LOAD Z , ___ _
Th< "ond pan of the command com;", of the actual]"ad
application ODd it done through th< Wr-;D LOAD command u
thown abo,"
Que 51 io n What i t the <ign; 6,,",, of the nOPE commond ODd the nurnbu
that follew,'
Answer SIAAD p<nni1< the definition of ,n., .. 1 diff,,,,n' wind 10. 1l1<. uch
with nun chlue,; .tic._ In oed to dittinguiu. the wind load
Ita l'ing one 1 of choract<ri,tic , from OIIoth<r wind load with ..
diff.", 1 of choracl"i.uc<. <ach wind load i t id<nlift.d ming a
TYPE commond by OIl id<ntification nurn!><r. In othor
word._ the TYPE command ond the numb<r a", entire!>' a cr<ation
of tho m<r. Th<,. are oot t<nninologi that tho m<I will find from
an,. cod< or handbook that pro,';d<, guid<1in on loading for
,tructur, The a,hanag .. of thi, future i, that til< mer i, no"
able tocommunicat< to tho program information ,uch u that tho
wind pr<<<UI< i, different "' di ff<", nt height<, tho ,tructur< hu
op<ning< at certain height< and '0 on,
Questi on What j, Wind in1<mj,,.'
A n s w e r Wind in1<mit}, u "'qui",d for input in ST AAD j, mor<l}' the wind
P"UI< in unit< o( Fore< 1"" unit Ol<a. Th< moe j, r<quir<d to
<oInput< the P"UI< from ony codfici<nt< that coo qui
Questi on
Answer
00<, th. "ind load command in STAAD uk< into account OIl}'
wind coo lit< ASCE l' 00., it tole into accoUIll t il< dug factor.
or <hap< factor for diffu<nt ,h.p'" lib ongl. _ chonn.! <1e
\\,[:-;D LOAD generation i n SIAAD j, not b.d on on}' cod._ It
aho do not uk< into account OIl}' ofth. oth facton }'OU
m<ntion.d. I, j, bu<d pur,!}' on the <"..:<pt of innu.n<. >:r<, defined wind p",ur for
til< co <1'1;\'< heigh"_ An)' ",duction or m.gnific.tion of the
ruhing forco j, achin<d b}' multipl}'ing the g<n<rat<d "uu by
HJX"UI< factOr< for nod.,
[nnu<n area of. nod. j, defined u th. "lion <urrounding a
node O\'U which an}' p,,ur< acting 0\'" that un i<
t ... nmlitt<d <ntir<ly into tha t node "' cone<ntra1<d fore<.
lnnu<n u<a i, <qual to innu<nc< length multipl i<d by innu<oc.
height
innu<nc< l<nsth i, halfth< di"anc< from the Joint to the
j oint< to th< left and to the right of the j oint >rid
innu<ne< height i, the di,,>.nc< fran the j oint to the j oint< a t
the top and to the bottom.
;>.Iultiply the innu<nc< ar<a of <acb joint by the wind inmity and
t "" npo<ur< factor for t"" jai nt , Thi< will )-i<ld the conc<ntrad
hori", .. t al fore< for the j oint. Th< '-'po<ur< factor b<eom mdul
for ,ituation, where the ."tir< pon<l >rea i, not <ffti,.. due to th<
pr<ne< of op<ning' or nd, to b< magnified due to a cun-ilin<u
,hop< of the load b<uinS paneL
,
,
Question If I ha,', 'pd. from diff<r.'" dirtiom acting on a toW<f
hi ,jIlg (round u...p<d) di. (i111 to it. hooW COIl I mol. the
,o("nr. tH< the di,e. i nt o ""count aho upod to
wind'
Answer Th. ;nnuone< Ol.> <.kub.!ion win work correctly if ODd onl>' if the
Hpod or.> j, p.,-i1I<1 to one of the globl plon. A "gion
which;, cur,ilin<o:r in ,bo.p< COIlnot b< hondl<d by the progUID.
Question Con ,h. wind forc. b< g<n<u1<d in the Y -di,oetion'
Ans we r :-;,,_ Wind (ore can b< cOIIljlu1<d for horilOnto] (X and Z)
direction< 001,.
Quest io n What if the windword fae < of the ,truclur< j, in;: lined to the X ODd
Z U, "j" _ not p<Ip<ndiculu to X or Z u'
Answer Th. (U1UI' worh b .. , when the pond. II. poulld to on. of the
global phIl, Th< program do<, hn< 'om< c'p.hili,}' for
g<n.rating load, on inc1in<d plan 100. HownH. if the u><, find,
,II< Iu]a um .. ti,fac tory. "thor load g<n.ution method. lib the
"ELE\!E'iT LOAD option may b< m<d_
Que 51 io n What innu<ne< do finit< 1<IIl<nt< hn< on wind load g<nmltion'
Answer The pr< .. nc< or abnc< of <lem<nt<_ along or p<rp<ndiculu to the
direction of hu no on wind load generation. Wind load
generation il poll.ibl< ool}' with pOIl<1< lUITound<d by m<rnb<" u
dcrib<d abo,<. If the pan<1< a", alr<ad,. defined ming pbt<
< l<m<n"- apply the load u<.ing the ELE:\IE'iT PRESSURE option
;"'t<ad of ming wind lou! generation for tho pOIl<1<
" " " " , o " ~ o " " , _ ~ " " " " , " , ~ ~ c _ " " , _ , _ ~ , , ~ , , . , o " ~ ________________ ,
Ques t io n : I hal'< thr qutiom. 1) H",,' COIl I u ll STAAD that ,h. load i,
acting on ,II< LEEWARD ,ide ond oot on the WI:-'DW ARD ,ide of
til< building? 2) Ho w do I <!,<cif}' that a load act< from out to w<"
,,,,ad of w<" to <au' 3) How do [<puif}' a <uction 10'" im1<ad
of on. which bun agun" tho "ruclure'
Answer Th< commond ,,'ntH accommodat ill of tho abo," For <urnpk
along the X dirtioo. the following four tyP or. i11ow<d.
\\D.DLD-W -.-X -.-l
\\D.DLD-W -X +f
WIXDLOAD -X - f
\\D.TJLOAD -X ... f
So< the figure 1><101<' for the m<oning of the four command,
, ,
' "' ' "'
.. , . , _Xw _' . ,
, ,
'"' '"'
,
, I
________________________________________ .. "'-co"",o""""' _' """",,
Question
Answer
Can sr AAD p<rfonn wind ]00<1 generation on op<n-latti
,tructur?
In STAAD.Pro !O().I. the 'lind load g<n<ration faci lit,. hu ban
<nhOIlcod for generating l<lad, on or'n <tructu,"" too. Th<" . '"
<tructur hI.:< <ltricil t,"mmi " ion in which the " gion
m<mb<" j, "op<n" i110wing the wind to blow through_
For tho",_ the prosrmn fint <.kula, the <xpod <urfac < or of
indi ,';duil m<rnb<n of the mod. L Th<n. thot u pod Ole> ;.
multiplied by the wind p",,,ur< ODd di\'id<d by ,h. m<rnh<r l<ngth
,,,.m,-,,, , uniform ru<tribut<d m<rnb<r load_ It i , u<uID<d that
.n m<rnb<n of the ,tru;:tur< "ithin ,h. <p<cili<d rang<' are
<ubj<e1<d to the P"u,", a nd h<ne<_ thq- win ill I<e<;,..d the load_
Th< <onpt of m<mb<" on the windword . ide <hi.lding the
m<mb<" in the imide r<giom of the <1ructur<d",, < nol ex;" ror
oP<" ,truetur_

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