Digital signal processing: Lecture 1

Topics of this lecture

What is a signal ? What is signal processing ? Basic signals Representation of signals Representation of systems

Introduction

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What is a signal ?
A signal is anything you can see, hear, observe or measure using some machine. Examples: Speech, audio, light, radio, TV, radar, supersonic, temperature, ECG, EEG, etc.
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Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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Example of voice signal

What is the meaning of a signal ?

A signal is the carrier of information.
ECG contains information related to sickness.
medical diagnosis

Voice contains information about who is speaking and what is spoken

Speech recognition Speaker recognition

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What is the meaning of a signal ?

A signal is the carrier of information.
Radar signal contains information about the target.
To avoid accidents for airport navigation To defend the country for enemy's attack

What is signal processing ?

The purpose of signal processing is to make it easier to extract useful information. For this purpose, we have
Signal enhancement Signal restoration Signal reconstruction Signal synthesis Signal estimation and prediction

Biometric images contain information about authentication.

Face images Finger prints Iris Vein

After signal processing, we can extract more important information, and recognize, aware, and make decisions.
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Signal Enhancement
Signal Processing Pattern Recognition Reasoning

Signal amplification in radio, TV, human ears Image enhancement in image processing

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Signal Restoration
Restore a signal corrupted by noise or useless background
Tuning in radio and TV Noise cleaning Pick up the voice of a certain person in a party

Restoration of face images

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Signal Reconstruction
Reconstruct a signal from different measurement
Computerized tomogram (CT) Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging Reconstruct 3D images from different 2D views

Signal Synthesis
Find a system that can generate the desired signal
Speech synthesis 3D sound synthesis Make a virtual world in computer

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Signal Estimation
Estimate the future values from observed data
Stock prediction Electrical Demand prediction Image compression Adaptive signal processing
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Mathematic representations of signals Continuous-time signal or analog signal Discrete-time signal or sequence Digital signal

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Some basic signals

There are four basic signals

The unit sample signal

(also called impulse or delta function)

All other signals can be represented by the basic signals given above.
Fourier series Fourier transformation

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Unit step signal

(also called step function)

Exponential function

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Sinusoidal signal

Representation of systems
x(n) Signal Processor
x(n): input, stimulus y(n): output, response

y(n)

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Studies related to system theory

System analysis
To understand the properties of a given system

Scope of this course

Different methods for signal representation
Time-domain Frequency domain

System design
To find system that meets given specifications

Analysis of linear, time-invariant systems

Convolution theorem Impulse response frequency response System function

System synthesis
To find a system structure

System implementation
To realize a system using software or hardware

Design of digital filters Fundamental for image processing, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and so on

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Quiz and self-evaluation

There are many advantages of using digital technologies for signal processing. For example, the results are more accurate and reliable, and the processing is more flexible. Try to describe the advantages of digital TV, digital camera, or some other digital systems.
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T5

0.4
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T2

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