II - Prova de Proficincia de Ingls Texto A.

Brave New Farm

Jim Mason

01 In our mind's eye the farm is a peaceful, pleasant place where calves nuzzle their 02 mothers in a shady field, pigs loaf in the mudhole and chickens scratch and scramble 03 about the barnyard. We comfort ourselves with these bucolic images - images that are 04 implanted by calendars, colouring books and the countrified labelling and advertising of 05 animal products. 06 The reality of modern animal production, however, is starkly different from these 07 scenes. Now, virtually all of our poultry products and about half of our milk and red 08 meat come from animals mass-produced in huge factory-like systems. In some of the 09 more intensively managed 'confinement' operations, animals are crowded in pens and cages 10 stacked up like so many shipping crates. On these factory farms there are no 11 pastures, no streams, no seasons, not even day and night. Health and productivity come not 12 from frolics in sunny meadows but from syringes and additive-laced feed. 13 Right under our noses agribusiness has wrought a sweeping revolution in the ways in which 14 animals are kept to produce meat, milk and eggs. It began in the years before 15 World War II, when farmers near large cities began to specialize in the production of 16 chickens to meet the constant demand for eggs and meat. These first mass-producers 17 were able to turn out large flocks all the year round once poultry experts discovered the 18 role of vitamins A and D. When these were added to the feed, chickens could be raised indoors 19 because they no longer needed sunlight and exercise for proper growth and bone development. 20 Large-scale indoor production caught on fast around the urban market centres, but the new 21 methods created a host of problems. Nightmarish scenes began to occur in the crowded sheds. 22 Birds pecked others to death and ate their remains. In the poorly ventilated poultry sheds 23 contagious diseases were rampant, and losses multiplied throughout the budding commercial 24 poultry industry. But during the war years demand for poultry was high, and the boom in the 25 chicken business attracted the attention of the largest feed and pharmaceutical companies, which 26 put their scientists to work on the problems of mass-production. Breakthroughs began to come 27 thick and fast. Someone found that losses from pecking and cannibalism could be reduced by 28 burning off the tips of chickens' beaks with a blowtorch. Within another year or two an automatic 29 debeaking machine was patented, and its use became routine. The development of a new strain of 30 hybrid corn made for richer feeds, faster-gaining birds and a greater number of 'crops' of chickens 31 each year for farmers. Foremost of the developments, however, was the discovery that sulfa drugs 32 and antibiotics could be added to feed to help hold down diseases in the crowded sheds. 33 Having proven that the chicken could be reduced to an animal machine, husbandry experts 34 began looking about for ways to extend factory technology to the other farm animal species. In 35 the 1960s they began developing systems for pigs, cattle and sheep that incorporated the 36 principles of confinement, mass-production and automated feeding, watering, ventilation and 37 waste removal. 38 Pigs are raised in a variety of systems, but there has been a trend towards larger farms with 39 factory facilities. Some of these farms have 'total-confinement' systems in which the pigs never 40 see the light of day until they go to market; they are conceived, born, weaned, and 'finished' 41 (fattened) in specialized buildings similar to those used in the poultry industries. 42 In confinement animals are subjected to a variety of stresses. When birds are debeaked or 43 when calves or pigs are weaned prematurely or castrated, some die from the shock. Other 44 causes of stress in the factory farm are continuous. The animals have no relief from crowding and 45 monotony. In a less restrictive environment they would relieve boredom by moving; confined 46 animals cannot. Nor have they relief from social disturbances caused by factory conditions. When 1

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animals are crowded and annoyed, the likelihood and frequency of aggressive encounters increases. When growing pigs are moved to larger pens, outbreaks of fighting can occur, leaving pigs dead or injured. In the restricted space of confinement pens less agressive animals cannot get away to make the show of submission dictated by instinct. Some animals may become so fearful that they dare not move, even to eat or drink, and they become runts and die. Others remain in constant, panicky motion, a neurotic perversion of their instinct to escape.

Leia as afirmaes abaixo: - As cinco primeiras linhas do texto apresentam: I uma introduo cujo contedo confirmado at o fim do texto. II uma idia romntica, porm real do tema tratado em todo o texto. III uma idia em contradio com aquela do resto do texto. Agora, marque a alternativa correta, de acordo com o texto A. a) Apenas III est certa. b) Apenas II est certa c) Apenas I est certa. d) II e III esto certas. e) I e III esto certas. - Conforme diz o texto, nas factory farms a sade e produtividade dos animais obtida por meio da(o)(s): a) produo em massa. b) confinamento. c) pastagens especiais. d) sua exposio ao sol, nas pradarias. e) injees e alimentos com aditivos. - Qual dos fatores abaixo possibilitou a criao de galinhas em ambiente fechado? a) A demanda de ovos e carne. b) A falta de pastagens naturais. c) O processo de criao prximo das grandes cidades. d) A adio de Vitamina A e D a sua alimentao. e) O incio da Segunda Guerra Mundial. - A expresso Nightmarish scenes (l. 21) est esclarecida na frase: a) the poorly ventilated poultry sheds. (l. 22) b) contagious diseases. (l. 23) c) problems of mass production. (l. 26) d) Breakthroughs. (l. 26) e) pecking and cannibalism. (l. 27) - Leia as frases que seguem: I Quando porcos e terneiros so prematuramente desmamados ou castrados, alguns morrem do choque. II Tanto a superpopulao quanto a monotonia do confinamento causam estresse aos animais. III Em confinamento, os animais menos agressivos ficam to assustados que no ousam sequer mover-se, nem para comer nem para beber. Marque as frases que esto corretas, de acordo com o texto. a) II e III esto corretas. b) I e III esto corretas. c) I, II e III esto corretas. 2

d) Apenas II est correta. e) Apenas III est correta - O pronome their (l. 22) e o pronome they (l. 35) esto se referindo, respectivamente, a: a) Birds (l. 22) the chicken (l. 33) b) others (l. 22) - husbandry experts (l. 33) c) poultry sheds (l. 22) - ways (l.34) d) contagious diseases (l. 23) the other animal farm species (l. 34) e) losses (l. 23) - the principles of confinement (l. 35-36) - Traduza em bom portugus as frases: a) In the poorly ventilated poultry sheds contagious diseases were rampant, and losses multiplied throughout the budding commercial poultry industry. (l. 22- 24) ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................. . b) Someone found that losses from pecking and cannibalism could be reduced by burning off the tips of chickens beaks with a blowtorch. Within another year or two, an automatic debeaking machine was patented, and its use became routine. (l. 27-29) ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................ Texto B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 The Right to Pleasure

At the beginning, it was just a playful tweaking, a good-humoured philosophical shot at the ubiquitous burger, symbol of a minute-made and minute-mad world. McDonald's was poised to invade Rome's beautiful Piazza di Spagna at the base of the famed Spanish steps. Just the thought of it gave indigestion to food-and-wine writer Carlo Petrini and his fellow members of Arcigola, the Italian gastronomical society. What better weapon, they thought, to battle fast food than 'slow food'? So Petrini's pack formed the International Movement for the Defense of and the Right to Pleasure and issued a Slow Food Manifesto - the first salvo in the Slow Food War. "In our century, born and nurtured under the sign of industrialisation, the machine was invented and then turned into the role model of life. Speed became our shackles," the manifesto began. "We fall prey to the same virus: 'The Fast Life' that fractures our customs, assails us even in our own homes, cages us and feeds us fast food." The remedy? An adequate portion of sure sensual pleasures, to be taken with slow and prolonged enjoyment" beginning in the kitchen with the preparation of an elaborate meal, and ending at the table with fine and rambling conversation. "It was just a game at first," says Petrini, a chance to remind people that food is a perishable 3

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art, as pleasurable in its way as a sculpture by Michelangelo or a painting by Titian. Not mere nourishment to be wolfed down, but culture to be savoured. The time had come, the group proclaimed, to get back to the two-hour lunch and the four-hour dinner. Formally founded at a Paris gathering in 1989, the Slow Food Movement has become an international rallying point for the inevitable backlash against societal velocity and homogenised, industrial grub. Members meet for marathon meals and talk food, wine, culture, and philosophy. They organise wine tastings and classes about traditional cuisine. And they disdain the stressful fast life. Fast food is killing off the social aspect of food," Petrini says. "It strips people of their food wealth and culture." Slow food, however, is primarily a state of mind, and Petrini is careful to point out that members are not gastronomic elitists. "Even eating a sandwich," Petrini says, "can be a slow food experience." Besides, you can be rich and eat badly ... and you don't have to eat luxury foods every day", he determines, thankfully. But the Slow Food movement is about more than eating, though to be sure, it does plenty of that. Slow Food desires not only to salvage almost obsolete flavours from the relentless flood of synthetic, homogenised food stuffs, but to promote the small-scale specialist food producers - the natural stewards of biodiversity. A further mark of the movements resistance to the increasingly aggressive advance of food and cultural standardization is their commitment to educating children in the pleasures of the table. There are tasting sessions for children at every Slow Food festival, while Slow Food has collaborated with teachers in schools to educate children on the importance of the senses as a tool of knowledge.

- Leia as afirmaes abaixo: O primeiro pargrafo diz que No incio, I - houve uma invaso de piadas e brincadeiras em torno do hamburger do McDonald. II - espanhis famosos estavam prontos para invadir a Piazza di Spagna, em Roma. III - foi apenas um susto e um choque bem humorado para o hamburger feito em um minuto. IV - Petrini tinha indigesto s de pensar na comida e no vinho que tomaria com seus companheiros. - Agora, marque a alternativa correta, de acordo com o texto B. a) I e II esto corretas. b) II e III esto corretas. c) III e IV esto corretas. d) Somente III est correta. e) Somente IV est correta. - Qual foi o primeiro passo da Guerra da Slow Food? a) A batalha Fast Food. b) A indigesto de comida e vinho, de Petrini. c) O manifesto da Slow Food. d) Um movimento internacional em defesa do direito ao prazer. e) A guerra industrializao. - De acordo com o segundo pargrafo (l. 06 -14), qual das alternativas abaixo NO foi comparada a Fast Food/Life? a) uma refeio bem elaborada. b) um vrus. c) uma mquina. d) uma jaula. 4

e) correntes - Qual o principal objetivo de Petrini? Resgatar a) as esculturas de Miguel ngelo e as pinturas de Ticiano. b) o hbito da refeio bem elaborada e demorada. c) um padro de vida estabelecido pela industrializao. d) o fim da mesa com vinho fino e muita conversa. e) o tempo em que o grupo proclamou o incio do movimento contra a Fast Food. - Qual a melhor traduo para as frases: a) Formally founded at a Paris gathering in 1989, the Slow Food movement has become an international rallying point for the inevitable backlash against societal velocity and homogenised, industrial grub.(l.19-21) ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ b) Slow Food desires not only to salvage almost obsolete flavours from the relentless flood of synthetic, homogenised food stuffs, but to promote the small-scale specialist food producers the natural stewwards of biodiversity.(l. 29-31) ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... - Os pronomes they (l. 22) e that (l. 29) se referem, respectivamente, a: a) b) c) d) e) a Paris gathering in 1989 (l.19) - Slow food (l. 25) wine tastings (l. 22) - a slow food experience (l. 26 -27) food, wine, culture and philosophy (l.21-22) - luxury foods (l. 27-28) marathon meals (l. 21) - the Slow Food movement (l. 28) Members (l. 21) - eating (l. 29)