7/9/2012

PSAE Math Review

Prof. Alleli C. Domingo IMSP CAS UP Los Baos

Re-VIEW
20 June 2011 @ AMTEC

Alleli Ester C. Domingo Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Baos

What is mathematics?

Branches of Math
*Arithmetic *Algebra *Geometry *Trigonometry *Logic *Calculus *Statistics

MATH: Science of patterns

Board Exam
Speed Accuracy

If I were given an hour to do a problem upon which my life depends, I would spend 40 minutes studying it, 15 minutes reviewing it, and 5 minutes solving it.

Albert Einstein Man of the Century

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Prof. George Polya

a

George Plya
lived from 1887 to 1985

Hungarian who immigrated to the United States in 1940. major contribution: his work in problem solving.

Prof. GEORGE POLYA

Plya worked on analysis number theory geometry combinatorics mathematical physics.

How To Solve It
George Plya's most famous book Before going to the United States he had a draft of the book written in German but it was the English version which he published. Four publishers turned down the chance to publish How To Solve It before Princeton University Press agreed to publish the book. The first edition appeared in 1945 and was a best seller!!!

If there is a problem you can't solve, then there is an easier problem you can solve: find it.
is the difference between method and device? A method is a device which you used twice."

Quotations by George Plya

"What

A GREAT discovery solves a great problem, but there is a grain of discovery in the solution of any problem. Your problem may be modest, but if it challenges your curiosity and brings into play your inventive faculties, and if you solve it by your own means, you may experience the tension and enjoy the triumph of discovery.

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Mathematics is the cheapest science. Unlike physics or chemistry, it does not require any expensive equipment. All one needs for mathematics is a pencil and paper.
Look around when you have got your first mushroom or made your first discovery: they grow in clusters.

Polyas Hueristics
STEP 1. Understand the problem. *What is the unknown? STEP 2. Devise a plan. STEP 3. Implement the plan. STEP 4. Look back. *Check your answer.

1) What three consecutive even numbers have their sum equal to 384?

2) Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is 1,323.

Answer: 126,128,130

Even Numbers Linear Equation

Odd Numbers Linear Equation

439, 441, 443
Answer:

3) The sides of a right triangle form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 6. Find the sides of the triangle .

ANSWER: 18, 24, 30

Arithmetic Progression Pythagorean Theorem

4) A student takes a parttime job paying a starting salary of P5,000 a month and is promised a fixed raise each month. How much is his monthly raise if he receives P7,000 on the ninth month?

Arithmetic Progression Common Difference: P250

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5) A well driller charges P100 for the first 50 feet and P10 less for every 50 feet thereafter. How much would a 350-ft deep well cost?

Arithmetic Progression
Sum of the first n terms

6) Daniel is constructing a ten-level tower. He puts ten blocks on the bottom level. If each level after that, there is one block less than the level below it, the completed tower has how many blocks?

S7 = 490 pesos

Arithmetic Progression Sum of the first n terms

S10 = 55 blocks

7) One computer can do a job twice as fast as the other. Working together, both computers can do the job in 2 hours. How long would it take each computer, working alone, to do the job?

Subukan natin ito

Ulo, abaga, hawak dapi-dapi Tuhod, tiil, tuhod, tiil. ********************************************** Cloga, mahetna, centuga, leletaka Melwene lelewana, melwene, lelewana

Work Problem
Answer: 3 hours for the faster computer ; 6 hours for the slower computer

8) A pipe can fill a swimming pool in 10 hours. If a second pipe is open, the two pipes together can fill the pool in 4 hours. How long would it take the second pipe alone to fill the pool? Answer: 6 and 2/3 hours or 6 hrs and 40 minutes

9) How much money do we have to invest at 3 percent compounded annually if we want to have 750 thousand pesos in the bank after ten years?

Work Problem

Answer: P= 750,000/(1.03)10

Investment

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10) Immaya is 11 years old today. If her favorite aunt is 31 years old, how many years from now will the aunt be twice as old as she?
ANSWER: In 9 years, Immaya will be 20 and her aunt will be 40.

11) How many liters of a 15% solution of alcohol should be added to 3 liters of the 30% solution to get a 20% solution?

Age Problem

Answer: 6 liters

Mixture Problem

12) Ms. Sison invests part of P4,000 at 3% and the balance at 4% per annum . How much did she invest at each of these rates if she earns P135 in one year?

Investment as aMixture Problem

Answer: 2,500 pesos at 3% 1,500 pesos at 4%

13) Andre and Chris are traveling to a business conference. Andre travels 110 km in the same time that Chris travels 140 km. Chris travels 15km per hour faster than Andre. Find the average rate of each person.

Distance = Rate x Time

Answer: Andre 55 kph Chris 55 +15 = 70 kph

14) A man wants to make an open box from a piece of metal that is 12 inches wide and 14 inches long by cutting equal squares out of the corners and folding up the sides. How large a square must be cut out of each corner if the area of the bottom of the box is 80 square inches?
Ans: Cut a square of side = 2 inches

15) Find the 4th term of (2x y)10

Dimensions; Area

Answer: -240 x7y3

Binomial Theorem Pascals Triangle

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ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

1) Find two values of x if the distance between (x, 2) and (6, 6) is 5.

Distance Formula Quadratic Equation

2) Determine if the three points (0, 3) , (1, 4) and (2 , 1) are collinear.

3) Prove that the three points (2, 4) , (1, 4) and (5, 2) are the vertices of a right triangle.

Collinear Points Slope of Line Segments

Slope Perpendicular Lines

4) Find the slope and y intercept of the line having the equation 2x 5y 10 = 0

5) Find an equation of the line passing through the point (1, -3) and having a slope of .

Slope Intercept Form

Point Slope Form

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6) Find an equation of the circle with center at (3, 5) and radius 2.

7) Find the equation

Center Radius Form

of the circle having a diameter with endpoints at (3, 4) and (1, 2).

Midpoint of a Diameter Center Radius Form

9) Draw a sketch of the graph of the equation y = x2 +3.

2nd Degree Equation Quadratic in x , linear in y Parabola

10) Locate the vertex and focus of the parabola 9y2 + 2x 24y 96 = 0 .

Completing the Square Vertex and Focus

11) Find the equation of the line tangent to the curve y2 2x 4y 1= 0 at (2 , 1).

12) Find the equation of the line normal to the curve xy + 2x 5y 2 = 0 at (3 , 2) .

Slope of Normal Line
Point Slope Form Implicit Differentiation

Slope of Tangent Line Point Slope Form

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13) Find the equations of the lines tangent to the curve y = x3 6x + 2 and parallel to the line y = 6x 2 .

14) Find the equation of the line normal to the curve xy + 2x y = 0 and parallel to the line 2x + y = 0 .

Slope of Tangent Line Slope of Parallel Lines

Implicit Differentiation Normal, Parallel Lines

15) Does the line tangent to the curve y = x3 at the point (1,1) intersect the curve at any other point? If so, find the point.

16) Sketch the ellipse 9x2 + y2 = 9 .

Central Conic: Ellipse Major Axis; Minor Axis

Tangent Line Intersection Point

17) Sketch the hyperbola 9x2 4y2 = 36 .

Exponential Growth Exponential Decay

Auxiliary Rectangle Diagonals: Asymptotes

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1) In a particular bacterial culture, if f(t) bacteria are present at t minutes, then f(t) = Be0.04t where B is a constant. If there are 1,500 bacteria present initially, how many bacteria will be present after 1 hour?

2) If f(t) grams of radioactive substance are present after t seconds, then f(t) =ke-0.3 t where k is a constant. If 100 grams of the substance are present initially, how much is present after 5 seconds?

Exponential Growth

Exponential Decay

3) If V(t) pesos is the value of a certain equipment t years after its purchase, then V(t) = Be0.20t where B is a constant, If the equipment was purchased for 8,000 pesos, what will be its value in 2 years?

4) If P(h) pounds per square foot s the atmospheric pressure at a height h feet above sea level, then P(h) = ke-0.00003h, where k is a constant. Given that the atmospheric pressure at sea level is 2116 ft/lb2, find the atmospheric pressure outside of an airplane that is 10,000 ft high.

Depreciation Exponential Decay

Exponential Decay

5) The population of a particular town is increasing at a rate proportional to its size. If the rate is 6 percent , and the population after t years is P(t), then P(t) = ke0.06t, where k is a constant. If the current population is 10,000, what is the expected population a) after 10 years? b) after 20 years?

6) Carbon 14, also known as radiocarbon, is a radioactive form of carbon that is found in all living plants and animals. After a plant or animal dies the radiocarbon disintegrates. Scientists can determine the age of the remains by comparing the amount of radiocarbon with the amount present in living plants and animals. This technique is known as carbon dating. The amount of radiocarbon present after t years is given by y =y0e-(ln2) (1/5700)t, where y0 is the amount present in living plants and animals. Find the half-life of radiocarbon.

Exponential Growth

Half-life; Exponential Decay