GCE

Edexcel GCE Physics Units PHY5 & PHY6 Supplement to UA017392

January 2006

Mark Scheme

Physics (8540/9540)

Edexcel GCE

Contents Notes on the Mark schemes 1 Units PHY5/01 Mark scheme 2 Unit PHY5/02 (Practical test) Mark scheme 7 Unit PHY6 Mark scheme 15

Notes on the Mark Schemes 1. Alternative responses: There was often more than one correct response to a particular question and these published mark schemes do not give all possible alternatives. They generally show only the schemes for the most common responses given by candidates. They are not model answers but indicate what the Examiners accepted in this examination. Error carried forward: In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised there but not subsequently, i.e. candidates are penalised once only, and can gain credit in later parts of a question by correct reasoning from an earlier incorrect answer. Quantity algebra: The working for calculations is presented using quantity algebra in the mark schemes for Units PHY1, PHY2, PHY3 (Topics), PHY4, PHY5/01, and PHY6 but candidates are not required to do this in their answers. Significant figures: Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures in the theory papers will normally be penalised only in show that questions where too few significant figures has resulted in the candidate not demonstrating the validity of the given answer. Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures will normally be penalised in the practical tests. In general candidates should nevertheless be guided by the numbers of significant figures in the data provided in the question. Unit penalties: A wrong or missing unit in the answer to a calculation will generally lose one mark unless otherwise indicated. Quality of written communication: Each theory paper will usually have 1 or 2 marks for the quality of written communication. The mark will sometimes be a separate mark and sometimes be an option in a list of marking points.

2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

Within the schemes: / indicates alternative marking point ( ) brackets indicate words not essential to the answer [ ] brackets indicate additional guidance for markers The following standard abbreviations are used: a.e. e.c.f. s.f. no u.e. arithmetic error (1 mark) error carried forward (allow mark(s)) significant figures (1 mark only where specified) no unit error

6735 Unit Test PHY5 1. Calculation of capacitance Either Substitution of 1.08 10-4 J and 6 V into W =

Value of CT = 6 F / QT = 36 C 36 C 1 1 2 2 Q Use of i.e. /C= i.e. = = C C V 6 F CT 3V Answer = 12 F

1 1 CTV2 / QTV 2 2

9 9 9 9

OR If solution is obtained from considering single capacitor Appreciation that energy is shared between capacitors i.e. W = 5.4 10-5 F That voltage is distributed equally ie V = 3 V 1 1 Substitution into W = CV2 i.e. 5.4 10-5 J = C(3 V)2 2 2 Answer = 12 F Calculate the charge stored CT = 6 F / Q3 = 3 F 6 V = 18 C QT = CTV = 6 F 6V = 36 C / QT = 2 18 C = 36 C Confirm energy stored is 108 J (36 C)2 Q2 1 1 QV = 36 C 6V / = 2 2 2C T 2 6 F
[Use of 1 CV2 scores no marks] 2

9 9 9 9 4

9 9 2

2.

Changes in magnitude and direction of resultant force Direction initially towards the Earth Resultant magnitude decreasing to (zero)/ gravitational force of Earth decreases that of moon increases Resultant magnitude now increases Direction towards the Moon There is a point, nearer to the Moon, where the resultant force is zero / fields or forces are equal and opposite Gravitational force between masses Gm1m 2 [must use symbols given and G] r2 Relative size of gravitational forces GM E m GM m m ME Values compared e.g. = 2 2 MM r r [Allow one mark for ecf in line above] 5.98 10 24 kg = 81.3 Use of the masses to show the factor 7.35 10 22 kg Distance to moon Correct use of F =
GM E m i.e. r2 6.67 10 11 5.98 10 24 kg 1 kg 2.82 10-3 N = r2 r = 3.76 108 m

9 9 9 9 9 max 4

9 2

9 9 2 9

3.

Directions and names of forces Upward arrow labelled electrostatic/ force due to field/electric force/ force of attraction Downward arrow labelled weight / mg / gravitational force [Not gravity] Charge on the drop 500 V V Use of i.e. / 2 (105) V m-1 3 d 2.5 (10 ) m V Use of mg = Q i.e.1.96(10-14) kg 9.81 N kg-1 = 2 (105)Vm-1Q d Q = 9.61 10-19 C

9 9 2

9 9 9 9 9 9 3 8

What happens to the drop ? Drop will accelerate upwards V E/ is increased d V Q or electrostatic force / upward force is Hence mg or weight < d greater or resultant force is upwards

4.

Why the reading increases QOWC A current in a magnetic field produces a force / produces a magnetic field. This force acts upwards on the wire. Its newton 3rd law pair acts downwards on the magnet. Magnetic flux density Use of mg i.e. 0.45 (10-3) kg 9.81 N kg-1 Use mg =BIL / 0.45(10-3) kg 9.81 N kg-1 =B 1.5A6 (10-2) m Answer: 4.9 10-2 T Procedure Close the switch and note the values on the (ammeter) and balance Vary the voltage / adjust the variable resistor to obtain more values Graph Labels and line must match

9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 3 9 9 9

2 1 10

5.

Magnitude of vertical component Vertical component = 4.0 10-5 T Area drawn out 18 250 0.8 Flux change (ecf) Use of vertical component i.e. 4 10-5 T 0.14(4) Wb / T m2 (s-1) ( 4 10-5 T 3600 m2 ) Emf induced (ecf) 0.144 Wb 0.18 V i.e. 0.8 s Why no charge flow (Wings are) not part of a closed circuit

9 9 9 9

1 1

1 6

6735/2A Practical Test PHY5 Question A

(a)

All values sensible and with units Repeats and averaged values for w and t

9 9 9 9 Any 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 3 3 2 3 2 3

w and t to 0.01 mm and l to 1 mm or better

Zero error checked on balance or micrometer Careful not to stretch/squash band Repeats taken at different places Correct calculation of density (with m correct) 2/3 significant figures + unit 10% of Supervisors value (b) (i) nT 20 (sensible value) 0.07 s of Supervisor [not if nT to nearest second] (ii) Use of vertical rule [vertical stated or set square shown] Difference method or measure at each end Sensible value with unit (iii) Sensible value and 2t or repeat for both t1 and t2 1.23 1.43 [1.13 1.53 only 1 mark]

Sample results
(a)

t: 2.84, 2.80, 2.82, t = 2.82 mm w: 0.93, 0.92, 0.89, 0.92, w = 0.91(5) mm l = 2 149 = 298 mm m = 0.97 g
Zero error checked on balance or micrometer Careful not to stretch/squash band Repeats taken at different places

m 0.97 = v 29.8 0.282 0.0915

= 1.26 g cm-3

(b)

(i)

10 TA/s: 13.90, 13.98

TA = 1.39 s
(ii)

Use of vertical rule [vertical stated or set square shown] Difference method or measure at each end 4t1 = 95.00 s t1 = 23.8 s (iii) 4t2 = 70.60 s t2 = 17.7 s t1 23.8 = = 1.34 t2 17.7
8

Question B

(a)

All three voltages recorded to 3 significant figures or better + 9 unit V1 V2

9 9 9 9 9 3 2

(b)

Current is the same Hence correct argument [dependent mark] Correct calculation using mean as denominator

(c)

All V values to 3 significant figures

1 / R correct and 2 or 3 decimal places and 1/ V correct and 2 or 9 3 decimal places All 7 values sensible 6 good values ( 2 mm from examiners best line) [5 good values 2 marks; 4 good values 1 mark] (d) Plots Line (e) Large triangle [base 8 cm] Correct calculation [ignore unit] Correctly calculation with 2/3 significant figures + unit
9 9 9 9 9 3 2 9 999 6

Sample results (a) V0 = 1.570 V V1 = 0.787 V V2 = 0.782 V (b) Current is same in R1 and R2, so V/R is the same. Percentage difference =
0.787 - 0.782 100 % 0.787 + 0.782 2

= 0.6% (c)

R / k 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.7

See graph

V/V 0.231 0.259 0.298 0.370 0.392 0.408 0.463

(1 / R) / k1 1.00 0.83 0.67 0.45 0.40 0.37 0.27

(1 / V) /V1 4.33 3.86 3.36 2.70 2.55 2.45 2.16

(d) (e)

s=

4.35 1.35 1.00 0.00

= 3.00 k V1

X = 3.00 k V1 1.570 V
= 4.7 k

10

(d)

11

Question C

(a)

(i)

Thermistor in oil/water bath Thermometer Method for heating Method for resistance

9 9 9 9 9 4 1

(ii) (b)

Correct re-arrangement into y = mx + c

ln values correct to 2 decimal places and with unit at head of 9 column Graph Scale: page in each direction avoiding 3s etc Axes: labelled with units Plots: 1mm precision Line: Straight and smooth curve
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 5

(c)

(i)

[20 C 55/65 C] sensible range with unit Reason

(ii)

Correct intercept

R0 + unit
Linearity assumed (iii) Idea of using ice to get temperature of 0 C

12

Sample results
(a) (i)

(ii)

R = R0 ek
ln R = k + lnR0 y = mx + c

(b)

/ C 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
See graph

R/ 706 491 350 245 174 134 105 87 74

ln (R / ) 6.56 6.20 5.86 5.50 5.16 4.90 4.65 4.47 4.30

(c)

(i) (ii)

Between 20 C and 60 C where graph is linear. ln (R0 / ) = 7.24

R0 = 1.39 k
Assuming graph remains linear between 20 C and 0 C (iii) Pack ice round thermistor and record resistance when temperature is 0 C.

13

(b)

14

6736 Unit Test PHY 6 Mark Scheme 1.(a)

(i)

Superfluid: no resistance to flow / no viscosity / dissipate no energy as it flows Superconductor: no electrical resistance / zero resistivity / dissipate no energy when carrying a current

9 9

(ii)

Common feature: two of both quantum phenomenon / involve wavelike nature of matter both need very low temperatures both dissipate no energy [not if given two marks in (i)]

99 4

(iii)

Condense (paragraph 1): vapour / gas to liquid condense (paragraph 4): varying / exchanging E to common E

9 9 2 9 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 max 5

(b)

(i)

p = m and E = m2
algebra to eliminate

p = (2mE)
(ii)

E = (2.1 x 1023 J K1)(1.8 K) / 3.78 1023 J

Substitute m = 4 1.66 1027 kg

p = 7.09 / 7.1 1025 N s / kg m s1

Use of = h p with h = 6.63 1034 J s / 6.6 1034 J s

= 9.3 / 9.4 1010 m (ie 1 nm)

Comment: 1 nm related to size of atom

15

(c)

(i)

Two roughly sinusoidal waves of same in phase Two roughly sinusoidal waves of different / broken

9 9 2 9 9 2

(ii)

Quantum physics the wavelike nature of particles [c.e.p.] Other phenomenon: the particle-like nature of photons / photoelectric effect / wavelike electrons in atoms

(iii)

Experiment: electron gun / anodecathode graphite / crystal / charged wire mention of diffraction / superposition / interference fluorescent screen vacuum

9 9 9 9 9 max 4

(d)

(i)

Graph: linear > 4 K proportional > 4 K nearly vertical at 4 K / 4.2 K zero from 0 K to 4 K/ 4.2 K

9 9 9 9 4

(ii)

195 oC = 78 K Use of ratio 5 K 78 K OR proportional to T used

9 9 9 3

5 K = 3.7 109 m

(e)

Reflection of magnet shape Reflection of poles Like poles repel

9 9 9 3 31

16

2.(a)

(i)

Circuit: cell /cells / d.c. supply switch / two-way switch A and R /16.5 k in series

9 9 9 3

(ii)

Method involves area under graph Count squares / draw triangle (i.e. correct use of method)

9 9 9 9 4

2.4 3.2 2.55 2.95

(b)

I = Q RC (allow minus)
Subst I and Q at given t OR use Q = Qo e at t = RC OR use half-life = 6.0 s OR lnQ = lnQ0 t/RC

9 9 9 9 9 5

RC = (8.5 0.5) s
R = above 470 106 F (about 18 k)

Subtract 16.5 k

(c)

(i) (ii)

Exponential / logarithmic Decay constant / 1n 2 half-life

9 9 2

(d)

Experiment: (group) coin tossing / dice rolling / emptying burette remove all heads / sixes each time / V at fixed t intervals Improve: increase number of coins / dice

9 9 9 3 17

17

3.(a)

(i)

Use of P = IV I in one is 0.5 A So total current is 2 / 2.0 A Assumption: no other R in circuit / battery zero r / metal frame zero R

9 9 9 3

(ii)

Use of P = V2 R / P = IV and R = V I one is 3 / 3.0 Two combined in parallel 1.5 c.f. car battery r very small / 0.02 / a few m / zero

9 9 9 3

(b)

(i)

QOWC (accept bullet points / phrases) Current in P makes P electromagnet / produces magnetic field / produces magnetic flux (in core) Switch C opened / current switched off leads to change in B / (through S)

9 9 9 9 9 9 max 5

e.m.f. / (induced) voltage

As Ns much greater than Np / t very small in N t / step up voltage transformer Detail: large electric field in gap / air ionised in gap / c.e.p.

(ii)

Use of E = V/d

9 9 9 3 14

V = (3.2 106 V m1)(0.85 103m) [ignore 10n]

= 2700 V / 2.7 kV

18

4.(a)

(i)

Average speed 1.0 m s1 1.3 m s1 Average speed 1.1 m s1 and 1.2 m s1 Use of av = s/t

9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 max 3 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 3 9 9 2 9 9 9 max 3 18

s = (their value av)(15 s)

(ii)

Slows down / decelerates (from 1.55 m s1 to 0.60 m s1) As no / little thrust Water drag / resistance So resultant force / push of water is backwards

(iii)

Attempt at tangent at or near 0.90 s Acceleration calculated using triangle with t 0.4 s

a = 2.5 2.9 m s2
Resultant force = (their value)(65 kg) with unit N (iv) Graph: passes through zero at 0.3 s and 0.8 s is zero at start and end of stroke two +ve bits and one ve bit (b) (i) Distance / circumference = 2y0

c = f or T = 1/f
= 2f0c (no mark)

(ii)

Gain of g.p.e. / p.e. = mg2y0 Loss of k.e. = m(c + )2 m(c )2 Equated to yield 2mgy0 = 2mc
c = (g/2) (no mark)

19