CONTD
- The school matron would have final authority over the curriculum. - The curriculum would include both theoretical material & practical experience. - Teachers would be paid for their instruction. - Records would be kept on the students, who would be required to attend lectures, quizzes, write papers & keep diaries.
DOCTORS HANDMAIDENS
In nineteenth century, medicine insisted that nursing have no other purpose than to serve the physician, not the patient. Nurse was viewed as some someone with no knowledge of her own, who borrows the doctors knowledge , skill & judgment and act as his agent.
NURSING IN THE
TH 19
CENTURY
Society attitude about the nurses in 19th century was of women of low moral standards providing care. One character, Sarah Cramp in Charles Dickens novel, was a nurse who abused alcohol & treated her clients cruelly. Such portrayals of nursing seriously damaged the professions image.
NURSING IN THE
TH 20
CENTURY
In early 20th century, scientific research based body of nursing knowledge practice was evolving. In early 20th century, professional organizations such as the ANA,CAN. ICN, NLN & AACN emerged. nursing journals were developed & research was conducted.
CONTD
AJN was published in 1900,was the first nursing journal. In1901,the Army nurse Corps was established, followed by Navy Nurse Corpsin1908. In 1920, nursing specialization was developing In late 1940s graduate nurse- midwifery programs were initiated. In 1965 a report by National Commission on Nursing &nursing education helped clarifying the role of professional nursing practice.
NURSING IN THE
ST 21
CENTURY
In 1990 the ANA established the center for ethics & human rights. Nursing code of ethics was revised in 2001 to reflect current ethical issues affecting health care. Today the profession is faced with multiple challenges. Nursing practice can now be found in multiple care settings,inluding health care institution & foundations, the community & the home.