African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136 Printed in South Africa All rights reserved

Copyright NISC (Pty) Ltd

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC SCIENCE

ISSN 16085914 EISSN 17279364 doi: 10.2989/16085914.2010.466632

Checklist of the fish parasitic genus Cichlidogyrus (Monogenea), including its cosmopolitan distribution and host species
LE le Roux and A Avenant-Oldewage* Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa * Corresponding author, e-mail: aoldewage@uj.ac.za Received 28 June 2009, accepted 30 August 2009

Current knowledge of the 85 species in the genus Cichlidogyrus, collected worldwide, including their hosts, localities and authors, is summarised in a table. Although these parasites occur mainly in Africa, representatives have been recorded on cichlids in Mexico. Their distribution and host specificity are commented on. Keywords: cichlid, distribution, fish host preference, parasite

Introduction Members of the genus Cichlidogyrus are monogenean ectoparasites occurring on the gills of cichlid fishes. This genus was first described by Paperna (1960) with the type species Cichlidogyrus arthracanthus collected in Israel from the host species Tilapia zillii, Tristramella simonis simonis and Tristramella sacra . Paperna (1960) described the morphology of C. arthracanthus and other species in detail. Thereafter, many species descriptions followed, with little or no information on their ecology or pathological effects on their hosts. This document provides a summary of the current representatives of the genus Cichlidogyrus, together with their distribution and host species, and highlights future research opportunities. In an amended diagnosis of the genus Cichlidogyrus by Pariselle et al. (2003) (modified after Paperna [1960] and Pariselle and Euzet [1997]), this genus was described as organisms with the following characteristics. They are gill parasites of African Cichlidae and Nadidae. They have three pairs of cephalic glands, and eyes which include two posterior ocelli with crystalline lenses and two smaller inconsistent anterior ocelli. A median muscular pharynx is present and a simple intestinal caecum is joined posteriorly. There are two pairs of gripi (hamuli) (one dorsal, one ventral) and two transverse bars (dorsal with two auricles, ventral curved and articulated). The male reproductive system consists of a median, posterior testis, a vas deferens on the right side (not encircling the intestinal caecum) and a seminal vesicle with one prostatic reservoir. The male copulatory complex comprises a penis and an accessory piece, occasionally with an auxiliary plate. The female reproductive system consists of a median pre-testicular ovary, a submedian vaginal opening and a sclerotised vagina with a seminal receptacle. The classification of this group at higher taxonomic levels remains controversial (Wheeler and Chisholm 1995). For the purpose of the current investigation, the classification used by Pariselle and Euzet (1994, 1995a, 1995b, 1995c, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2004), Pariselle et al. (2003) and Khalil and Polling (1997), and confirmed by rDNA work of Mollaret et al. (2000), i.e. placing Cichlidogyrus in the Ancyrocephalidae, within the Ancyrocephalinae, was followed. Geographic distribution of Cichlidogyrus According to Paperna (1980) the distribution pattern of dactylogyrid species within Africa is determined by the distribution pattern of their specific hosts. This view is also held by Khalil and Polling (1997) who listed 51 Cichlidogyrus species occurring throughout Africa. Furthermore, they reasoned that these Cichlidogyrus species should be prevalent across all borders, as the various river systems are interconnected. Pariselle and Euzet (2004), however, found that vicariant speciation occurred between two isolated populations of Hemichromis fasciatus, which suggested that these Cichlidogyrus species do not explicitly follow the distribution of their hosts. An alphabetic listing of Cichlidogyrus species, their hosts (type hosts, as well as occasional hosts) and the rivers and/ or countries in which they have previously been recorded, is given in Table 1. The various species representatives of the genus Cichlidogyrus as well as their authors and dates are cited. As is customary in re-described species, a taxon shift is indicated by brackets ( ). The type host species, with additional recorded host fish, are also listed, with species names of the fish obtained from www.fishbase. org. The original species names of the fish are included in brackets ( ), as initially referred to in the relevant literature. Three fish species, namely Haplochromis flaviijosephi, Serranochromis galilaeus and Serranochromis melanotheron (underlined in Table 1) are not listed in

African Journal of Aquatic Science is co-published by NISC (Pty) Ltd and Taylor & Francis

22

le Roux and Avenant-Oldewage

FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2009), and therefore the validity of these species names could not be verified. Data on localities where parasites were collected, i.e. the river or water systems, and/or countries (bracketed), are recorded. A Cichlidogyrus species that had previously been described from South Africa, namely Cichlidogyrus papernastrema, was collected from Tilapia sparrmanii in the Phongolo floodplains, KwaZulu-Natal (Price et al. 1969). Cichlidogyrus halli (Price and Kirk 1967), Cichlidogyrus sclerosus Paperna and Thurston 1969, Cichlidogyrus tilapiae Paperna 1960, and two unidentified Cichlidogyrus spp., were reported from Oreochromis mossambicus, as well as Cichlidogyrus tilapiae from Pseudocrenilabrus philander philander, all from Middle Letaba Dam, South Africa (Olivier et al. 2009). During the present study Cichlidogyrus philander was found on P. p. philander in Gauteng, South Africa. The only other record of this monogenean species is from Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe). Taxon shifts The genus Scutogyrus was described by Pariselle and Euzet (1995b). The type species is Scutogyrus minus (Dossou 1982), which was originally described as Cichlidogyrus longicornis minus Dossou 1982 collected from Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron. The species Scutogyrus gravivaginus (Paperna and Thurston 1969) comb. n. unites the species Cichlidogyrus longicornis gravivaginus Paperna and Thurston 1969 and Cichlidogyrus gravivaginus Paperna and Thurston 1969. Furthermore, Scutogyrus longicornis (Paperna and Thurston 1969) comb. n. was established by combining species Cichlidogyrus longicornis Paperna and Thurston 1969, of Doullou 1993, and Cichlidogyrus longicornis longicornis Paperna and Thurston 1969. Other species of Scutogyrus were described by Pariselle and Euzet (1995b), namely Scutogyrus bailloni from Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus and Scutogyrus ecoutini from Sarotherodon occidentalis . The species originally described as Cichlidogyrus are included in Table 1, as some authors (for example, Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001), probably unaware of the taxon shift, reported on these species as Cichlidogyrus. Dossou and Birgi (1984) studied the illustrations of Cichlidogyrus dionchus by Paperna (1968) and were of the opinion that there was a difference in the structures of the copulatory complexes between those of the specimens collected from Hemichromis fasciatus (their Figure 6) and those from Tilapia galilaea (their Figures 5 and 7). As a result of these differences the specimens collected from H. fasciatus were described as Cichlidogyrus falcifer Dossou and Birgi 1984. Thus, C. dionchus Paperna 1968 from H. fasciatus is a synonym for C. falcifer Dossou and Birgi 1984. According to Pariselle and Euzet (1995c) the species described by Dossou (1982) as Cichlidogyrus aegypticus Ergens 1981 was incorrectly identified, and it was subsequently renamed Cichlidogyrus gallus Pariselle and Euzet 1995. According to Pariselle and Euzet (1996), Cichlidogyrus erectus Dossou 1982 is a junior synonym for

Cichlidogyrus halinus Paperna 1969. According to Doullou (1993), Cleidodiscus halli typicus (Price and Kirk 1967) is the senior synonym for Cichlidogyrus halli (Price and Kirk 1967) and it was moved to the genus Cichlidogyrus by Paperna (1979). Junior synonyms are Cichlidogyrus tubicirrus magnum Paperna and Thurston 1969 and Cichlidogyrus magnus Paperna and Thurston 1969. Dossou and Birgi (1984) described Cichlidogyrus euzeti from H. fasciatus, collected from Cameroon. Two years later Birgi and Lambert (1986) described another species as C. euzeti, in this case parasitising Polycentropsis abbreviata. A study of both species descriptions, specifically the morphology of their copulatory complexes, indicates that they are in fact two separate species and thus could not merely be synonymised. Birgi and Lambert (1987) renamed C. euzeti Birgi and Lambert 1986 as Cichlidogyrus inconsultus. The original descriptions of two species, Cichlidogyrus bangladeshi and Cichlidogyrus chandrai found on tilapia in Bangladesh (Chandra 2006), could not be traced. No additional information was given regarding their host fish or locality. Nevertheless they are included in Table 1, marked #. Discussion Since there is disagreement regarding the family in which the genus Cichlidogyrus should be placed, namely the Ancyrocephalidae or the Dactylogyridae, a revision of the status of the Ancyrocephalinae is imperative in order to settle this confusion and to establish a terminology base. From the list of 85 species of Cichlidogyrus it is obvious that, although monogeneans are generally highly host-specific, there is a range of levels of host specificity within this group. Members of the Cichlidogyrus genus are primarily parasites of fish of the family Cichlidae. However, Birgi and Euzet (1983) described C. amieti from the nothobranchiids Aphyosemion cameronense and A. obscurum, and Birgi and Lambert (1986) described C. nandidae and C. euzeti from the gills of the nandid Polycentropsis abbreviata. Some parasites occur strictly on a single host species, for example C. berrebii collected from Tylochromis jentinki by Pariselle and Euzet (1994) and C. bilongi on Tilapia guineensis (Pariselle and Euzet 1995c). In some cases, Cichlidogyrus is found on several fish species from a genus, as in the case of C. cubitus Dossou 1982, which was described from Tilapia zillii, but was also collected from Tilapia busumana, T. buttikoferi, T. dageti, T. guineensis, T. louka, T. mariae and T. walteri (Pariselle and Euzet 1996). In other cases, numerous species of Cichlidogyrus were found on a single host, for example those collected from Oreochromis niloticus, namely Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, C. tiberianus, C. sclerosus and C. longicornis longicornis (Natividad et al. 1986, Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1990). Doullou (1993) found exclusively C. philander, and no other monogenean parasites, on Pseudocrenilabrus philander philander from Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. The present study shows similar results regarding the level of host specificity.

Table 1: Species list of members of Cichlidogyrus Paperna 1960; their fish type hosts and other host/s; and locality (river [country]) where authors (reference) have found them (, species renamed/moved to another species; *, genus shift to Scutogyrus; #, author unknown; x, incorrect parasite species identification, according to Ergens [1981])

No. Tristramella simonis simonis (Tristramella simonis); Tristramella sacra Oum and Couffo (Benin) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) Oreochromis mossambicus River Nile (Egypt) Oum (Benin) Volta Noire River (Burkina Faso); Baoul and Bagou rivers, Lake Kossou (Ivory Coast) Kossou Dam (Ivory Coast) Tilapia dageti Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea); Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica) Tilapia busumana; Tilapia louka; Tilapia walteri Bandama River (Ivory Coast) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) Bourouma River (Guinea) Kala (Cameroon) Kala (Cameroon) (Egypt) Como River (Ivory Coast) Dossou 1982 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Ergens 1981 Dossou 1982 Pariselle and Euzet 1996 Dor and near Sea of Galilee (Israel) Paperna 1960

Taxon

Type/main host

Other host/s

Locality (country)

Literature reference

Genus Cichlidogyrus, type species: C. arthracanthus Paperna 1960

Tilapia zillii

C. acerbus Dossou 1982

Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron (Oreochromis melanotheron)

African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136

C. aegypticus Ergens 1981 Tilapia zillii

Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986

Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1995c, 1996 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Bourouma and Kogon rivers (Guinea) Pariselle and Euzet 1998 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Birgi and Euzet 1983 Birgi and Euzet 1983

C. agnesi Pariselle and Euzet 1995

Tilapia guineensis

C. albareti Pariselle and Euzet 1998

Tilapia brevimanus

C. amieti Birgi and Euzet 1983

Aphyosemion cameronense

Aphyosemion obscurum Nothobranchiidae (Cyprinodontidae) Tilapia louka

Bourouma River (Guinea) Oum (Benin) Tilapia guineensis; Tilapia zillii Konkour River (Guinea)

C. amphoratus Pariselle and Euzet 1996 C. anthemocolpos Dossou Tilapia zillii 1982

Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Dossou 1982 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1995a

C. arfii Pariselle and Euzet Pelmatochromis buettikoferi 1995

23

24

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Volta Lake (South Ghana); Mawli River Paperna 1965, 1969 (North Ghana) (Uganda) (Ghana; Uganda; Egypt) Paperna and Thurston 1969 Khidr and Hassan 1990, Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Ergens 1981 Paperna 1960 Locality (country) Dor and near Sea of Galilee (Israel) Literature reference Paperna 1960

No. Taxon 9 C. arthracanthus Paperna 1960

Type/main host Tilapia zillii

River Nile (Egypt) Dor and near Sea of Galilee (Israel)

Tristramella simonis simonis (Tristramella simonis); Tristramella sacra Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea); Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica) (Egypt) Tilapia busumana; Tilapia dageti; Tilapia guineensis; Tilapia walteri (Bangladesh) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast); Kogon River (Guinea) Lake Cayo (Rep. of Congo) Tilapia guineensis Lake Loufoualba (Rep. of Congo) Sea of Galilee (Israel) Haplochromis aeneocolor; Haplochromis elegans; Haplochromis limax; Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor multicolor (Haplochromis multicolor); Haplochromis squamipinnis; Haplochromis sp. Lake George (Uganda)

El-Naggar and Khidr 1986

Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Chandra 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1994 Pariselle and Euzet 2003 Pariselle and Euzet 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Paperna 1960 Paperna 1979

10 11

Tilapia C. bangladeshi # C. berrebii Pariselle and Tylochromis jentinki Euzet 1994

12

C. berradae Pariselle and Euzet 2003

Tilapia cabrae

13

C. bifurcatus Paperna 1960

Haplochromis flavii-josephi

14

C. bilongi Pariselle and Euzet 1995

Tilapia guineensis

Bandama River and Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) (Uganda) Haplochromis longirostris; Haplochromis obesus; Haplochromis obliquidens; Haplochromis sp.; Hoplotilapia retrodens; Tilapia zillii Tilapia discolor (Uganda)

Pariselle and Euzet 1995c, 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Paperna and Thurston 1969

15

C. brevicirrus Paperna and Thurston 1969

Haplochromis guiarti

Lake Bosomtwi (Ghana) Little Scarcies River (Sierra Leone)

Paperna and Thurston 1969 Pariselle and Euzet 1998, Pouyaud et al. 2006

le Roux and Avenant-Oldewage

16

C. bonhommei Pariselle and Euzet 1998

Tilapia buttikoferi

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Locality (country) Bourouma and Batapon Rivers (Guinea); Little Scarcies River (Sierra Leone) (Egypt) Volta Lake and lagoons (Ghana) Hemichromis fasciatus Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea) Lake Tiberias (Israel) (Egypt) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia River Nile (Egypt) nilotica) Tilapia zillii Tilapia busumana; Tilapia buttikoferi; Tilapia dageti; Tilapia guineensis; Tilapia louka; Tilapia mariae; Tilapia walteri; Tilapia zillii Oum (Benin) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) (Egypt) Adutor Lagoon (Ghana) Paperna 1968 Chandra 2006 Paperna 1964 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Ergens 1981, Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Dossou 1982 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Koledor stream (Ghana) Markevich 1934 Paperna 1968, 1969 Paperna 1965, 1968, 1969 Literature reference Pariselle and Euzet 1997, Pouyaud et al. 2006

No. Taxon 17 C. bouvii Pariselle and Euzet 1997

Type/main host Sarotherodon occidentalis (Oreochromis occidentalis)

18

C. bychowskii (Markevich 1934) Paperna 1960

Hemichromis bimaculatus

African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136

19 20

C. chandrai # C. cirratus Paperna 1964

Tilapia sp. Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea)

21

C. cubitus Dossou 1982

Tilapia zillii

22

Hemichromis fasciatus

Dossou and Birgi 1984 Dossou 1982 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006

23

C. dageti Dossou and Birgi 1984 C. digitatus Dossou 1982

Tilapia zillii

Basin of Oueme (Benin); Nyong (Cameroon) Oum (Benin) Oum (Benin); Lake Kossou, Bagou River (Ivory Coast); Kogon River (Guinea) Tilapia dageti Tilapia guineensis Gambia River (Senegal); Niger River (Mali) Bandama River (Ivory Coast); Gambia River (Gambia) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) Bourouma River (Guinea)

Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996

Tilapia louka Tilapia brevimanus; Tilapia walteri

Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Mamahuma stream (Ghana) Paperna 1968 Volta Lake and River (Ghana) Paperna 1968, 1969

24

(C. dionchus Paperna 1968) C. falcifer

Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea) Hemichromis fasciatus Chromidotilapia guentheri guentheri (Pelmatochromis guentheri)

Volta Lake (Ghana)

Paperna 1969

25

26

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Oreochromis mortimeri; Serranochromis macrocephalus Tilapia guineensis; Tilapia louka; Tilapia mariae Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Mkrou River (Nigeria); Kou River (Burkina Faso) Sarotherodon galilaeus sanaganensis Oum and Couffo (Benin) Oum (Benin) Tilapia dageti; Tilapia guineensis; Tilapia louka; Tilapia walteri; Tilapia zillii (Benin; Cameroon) (Benin; Cameroon) Sanaga River (Cameroon) CINVESTAV-Mrida aquaculture facility (Mexico) Pouyaud et al. 2006 Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001, Vidal-Martinez et al. 2001 Pariselle et al. 2003 Locality (country) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Literature reference Doullou 1993

No. Taxon 25 C. dossoui Doullou 1993

Type/main host Tilapia rendalli

26

C. douellouae Pariselle et al. 2003

Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Oreochromis galilaeus)

27

C. erectus Dossou 1982, Sarotherodon melanotheron syn. of C. halinus melanotheron

Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Dossou 1982 Dossou 1982 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Dossou and Birgi 1984 Dossou and Birgi 1984

28

C. ergensi Dossou 1982 Tilapia zillii

29

30

31 Tilapia dageti

C. euzeti Dossou and Hemicromis fasciatus Birgi 1984 C. falcifer Dossou and Hemichromis fasciatus Birgi 1984, snr syn. of C. dionchus Paperna 1968 C. flexicolpos Pariselle Tilapia guineensis and Euzet 1995

Bandama River, Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast); Pariselle and Euzet 1995c, Congo River (Congo) 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Bourouma and Batapon rivers (Guinea) Bandama River, Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) Tilapia zillii Tilapia walteri Oum River (Benin) Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1997, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1995c, 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Dossou 1982 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Oum and Couffo (Benin) Badi and Bourouma rivers (Guinea) Bourouma and Batapon rivers (Guinea); Little Scarcies River (Sierra Leone) Peshs Lagoon (Ghana) Tilapia guineensis Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron (Oreochromis melanotheron) Peshs Lagoon (Ghana) Dossou 1982 Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1997, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Paperna 1969 Paperna 1969 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006

32

C. fontanai Pariselle and Sarotherodon occidentalis Euzet 1997 (Oreochromis occidentalis)

33

C. gallus Pariselle and Tilapia guineensis Euzet 1995, syn. of C. aegypticus Ergens 1981 sensu Dossou (1982)

34

C. gibbus Dossou 1982

Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron

35

C. giostrai Pariselle et al. 2003

Sarotherodon caudomarginatus (Oreochromis caudomarginatus)

36

C. guirali Pariselle and Euzet 1997

Sarotherodon occidentalis (Oreochromis occidentalis)

le Roux and Avenant-Oldewage

37

C. halinus Paperna 1969, syn. of C. erectus Dossou 1982

Tilapia mariae (Tilapia heudeloti)

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Locality (country) Shire River (Malawi) Literature reference Price and Kirk 1967

Type/main host Oreochromis shiranus shiranus (Tilapia shirana shirana) Oreochromis aureus Sarotherodon occidentalis Oreochromis shiranus chilwae; Oreochromis mossambicus (Serranochromis galilaeus) (Uganda) Oreochromis leucosticus; Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Oreochromis variabilis Oreochromis niloticus vulcani; Oreochromis spilurus spilurus Tilapia zillii (Serranochromis melanotheron) (Egypt) (Benin) Como River and Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Middle Letaba Dam (South Africa) (Uganda) (Uganda) (Uganda) (Malawi) Coastal rivers (Guinea and Sierra Leone) Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1997, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pouyaud et al. 2006

No. Taxon 38 C. halli (Price and Kirk 1967), snr syns of Cleidodiscus halli typicus (Price and Kirk 1967) Paperna 1979, jnr syns of C. tubicirrus magnum; C. magnus Paperna and Thurston 1969 (Ghana) Paperna 1968, 1969 Kossou Dam and Como River (Ivory Coast) Pouyaud et al. 2006 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Paperna and Thurston 1969, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Thurston 1970 Paperna 1979 Ergens 1981, El-Naggar and Kearn 1989, El-Naggar et al. 1990 Dossou 1982 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Doullou 1993 Olivier et al. 2009 Pariselle and Euzet 1997 Kossou Dam (Ivory Coast) Shire River (Malawi) Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea) Lake Albert (Uganda) (Egypt) Pouyaud et al. 2006 Price and Kirk 1967 Paperna 1979 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986, 1989, Khidr and Hassan 1989 Paperna 1979 Paperna 1979 Paperna 1979 Lake George (Uganda) (Egypt) Tilapia zillii (Egypt) Paperna 1979 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986

African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136

Oreochromis mortimeri; Serranochromis macrocephalus Oreochromis mossambicus Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

39

C. halli typicus (Price and Kirk 1967) Paperna 1979

Oreochromis shiranus shiranus (Tilapia shirana shirana)

Oreochromis leucostictus (Tilapia (Ghana) leucosticta) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia Lakes George, Albert and Edward (Uganda) nilotica) Oreochromis shiranus shiranus (Tilapia (Malawi) shirana shirana) Oreochromis niloticus vulcani (Tilapia vulcani)

27

El-Naggar and Khidr 1986, El-Naggar et al. 1990

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Locality (country) Shire River (Malawi) (Uganda) Paperna 1979 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Paperna 1979 Literature reference Price and Kirk 1967

28

No. Taxon 40 C. halli victorianus (Price and Kirk 1967) Paperna 1979 Oreochromis esculentus (Tilapia esculenta)

Type/main host Oreochromis shiranus shiranus (Tilapia shirana shirana)

41

C. haplochromii Paperna and Thurston 1969

Haplochromis guiarti

Oreochromis variabilis (Tilapia (Uganda) variabilis) Haplochromis macrognathus; (Uganda) Haplochromis nubilus; Haplochromis obliquidens; Haplochromis loati (Haplochromis wingatii); Haplochromis sp.; Haplochromis retrodens (Haplotilapia retrodens); Haplochromis bicolor (Macropleurodus bicolor); Haplochromis degeni (Platytaeniodus degeni) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Pharyngochromis darlingi Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Bourouma and Kogon rivers (Guinea) Tilapia brevimanus Mouanko (Cameroon) CINVESTAV-Mrida aquaculture facility (Mexico)

Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Doullou 1993 Pariselle and Euzet 1998

42

C. hemi Pariselle and Euzet Tilapia brevimanus 1998

43

C. inconsultus Birgi and Lambert 1987 (C. euzeti Birgi and Lambert 1986) Oreochromis mortimeri

Polycentropsis abbreviata Nandidae

Pouyaud et al. 2006 Birgi and Lambert 1986, 1987

44

C. karibae Doullou 1993

Sargochromis codringtonii (Serranochromis codringtonii)

Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast); Kogon River (Guinea) Lake Ayarne (Ivory Coast)

Doullou 1993 Pariselle and Euzet 1994

45

C. kothiasi Pariselle and Euzet 1994

Tylochromis jentinki

46

Tilapia guineensis

47

C. kouassii NDouba et al. 1997 C. lagoonaris Paperna 1969

Tilapia guineensis Tilapia mariae (Tilapia heudeloti); Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron (Oreochromis melanotheron)

Peshs Lagoon (Ghana) Peshs Lagoon (Ghana)

NDouba et al. 1997, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Paperna 1969 Paperna 1969 Pouyaud et al. 2006

48

C. legendrei Pariselle and Euzet 2003

Tilapia cabrae

Lake Cayo (Rep. of Congo) Bas Kouilou and Loukoula rivers, Lake Cayo (Rep. of Congo) Oul River (Guinea)

Pariselle and Euzet 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996

49

C. lemoallei Pariselle and Euzet 2003

Tilapia cabrae

le Roux and Avenant-Oldewage

50

C. levequei Pariselle and Euzet 1996

Tilapia coffea

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Beira stream, Volta Lake and River (Ghana) (Benin; Cameroon) Chromidotilapia guentheri guentheri (Pelmatochromis guentheri) Lakes George and Albert (Uganda) Lake Ayam, Como and Bia rivers (Ivory Coast) Volta Lake (Ghana) Nile River (Egypt) (Philippines) Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus Mamahuma stream, Lake Volta (Sarotherodon galilaeus); Tilapia zillii (Ghana) Oreochromis mortimeri Oreochromis aureus Oreochromis aureus; Oreochromis niloticus niloticus; Vieja fenestrata (Cichlasoma fenestratum) Volta Lake (Ghana); Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Sngal River (Senegal) Lake Catemaco, CINVESTAVMrida aquaculture facility (Mexico) Oum and Couffo (Benin) Oum River (Benin); Ebri Lagoon, Lakes Bakr and Ayam, Como River (Ivory Coast); Konkour and Bourouma rivers (Guinea) Lake Albert (Uganda) Lake Victoria (Uganda) Oreochromis variabilis Oreochromis mortimeri Lake Victoria (Uganda) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Rice fields (Guinea); Senegal and Gambia rivers (Senegal and Gambia) Oum and Couffo (Benin) Volta Lake (Ghana) Paperna 1969 Paperna and Thurston 1969, Pariselle and Euzet 1995b Pariselle and Euzet 1995b Paperna 1969 Ergens 1981 Natividad et al. 1986, BondadReantaso and Arthur 1990 Paperna 1968, 1969 Paperna 1979, Doullou 1993 Pariselle and Euzet 1995b Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Dossou and Birgi 1984 Paperna 1968 Locality (country) Volta Lake and lagoons (Ghana) Literature reference Paperna 1965, 1969

No. Taxon Type/main host 51 C. longicirrus Paperna 1965 Hemichromis fasciatus

African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136

52

(C. longicornis Paperna and Thurston 1969 and C. longicornis longicornis Paperna and Thurston 1969 comb. nov.) * Scutogyrus longicornis (Paperna and Thurston 1969)

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Oreochromis niloticus)

53

Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron

Dossou 1982 Pariselle and Euzet 1995b

(C. longicornis minus Dossou 1982) * Scutogyrus minus (Dossou 1982) Type sp.

54

Paperna and Thurston 1969 Pariselle and Euzet 1995b Paperna 1979 Doullou 1993 Pariselle and Euzet 1995c, 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Dossou 1982

(C. longicornis gravivaginus Oreochromis leucostictus (Tilapia Paperna and Thurston leucosticta) 1969 and C. gravivaginus Paperna and Thurston 1969) comb. nov. * Scutogyrus gravivaginus (Paperna and Thurston 1969)

55

C. louipaysani Pariselle and Tilapia guineensis Euzet 1995

56

C. magnus Paperna and Thurston 1969 comb. nov. C. tubicirrus magnus Paperna and Thurston 1969

Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron

29

30

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Locality (country) Lake Loufoualba (Congo) Gambia River (Senegal) Mouanko (Cameroon) Volta Lake (Ghana) Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea); Tilapia zillii Sanaga River (Cameroon) Nipou River (Ivory Coast) Tilapia buttikoferi; Tilapia cessiana Kogon River (Guinea); Little Scarcies River (Sierra Leone) Baoul and Bagou Rivers (Ivory Coast) Tilapia dageti Como River (Ivory Coast) Oul River, Koul (Guinea) (Egypt) Paperna 1969 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Pariselle et al. 2003 Pariselle and Euzet 1998 Pariselle and Euzet 1998, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996

No. Taxon Type/main host 57 C. microscutus Pariselle and Tilapia guineensis Euzet 1996 Tilapia dageti

58

Literature reference Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Birgi and Lambert 1986

59

C. nandidae Birgi and Lambert 1986 C. nematocirrus Paperna 1969

Polycentropsis abbreviata Nandidae Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica)

60

61

C. njinei Pariselle et al. 2003 Sarotherodon galilaeus sanagaensis C. nuniesi Pariselle and Tilapia cessiana Euzet 1998

62

C. ornatus Pariselle and Euzet 1996

Tilapia zillii

63

Tilapia coffea

64

C. ouedraogoi Pariselle and Euzet 1996 C. paganoi Pariselle and Euzet 1997

Sarotherodon occidentalis (Oreochromis occidentalis)

Bourouma and Batapon rivers (Guinea); Little Pariselle and Euzet 1997, Scarcies River (Sierra Leone) Pouyaud et al. 2006 Various pans on the Phongolo floodplain and Price et al. 1969 other regions of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Padda Dam (South Africa) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast); Kogon River (Guinea) Sargochromis codringtonii (Serranochromis codringtonii); Serranochromis macrocephalus Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe)

65

C. papernastrema Price, Peebles and Bamford 1969

Tilapia sparrmanii

66

C. philander Doullou 1993

67

C. pouyaudi Pariselle and Euzet 1994

Pseudocrenilabrus philander philander (Pseudocrenilabrus philander) Tylochromi jentinki

Doullou 1993 le Roux and Avenant- Oldewage 2008 Pariselle and Euzet 1994 Doullou 1993

68

C. quaestio Doullou 1993

Tilapia rendalli

69

C. reversati Pariselle and Euzet 2003

Tilapia cabrae

Bas Kouilou River (Rep. of Congo) Senegal River (Senegal); (Ivory Coast)

Pariselle and Euzet 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Bourouma and Batapon rivers (Guinea); Little Pariselle and Euzet 1997, Scarcies River (Sierra Leone) Pouyaud et al. 2006 Kounougou River, Grand Lagoon (Ivory Coast); Pariselle and Euzet 2004 Gambia River (Senegal); Niger River (Mali)

70

C. rognoni Pariselle et al. 2003

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

71

C. sanjeani Pariselle and Euzet 1997

Sarotherodon occidentalis (Oreochromis occidentalis)

le Roux and Avenant-Oldewage

72

C. sanseoi Pariselle and Euzet 2004

Hemichromis fasciatus

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Locality (country) Lake George (Uganda) Lake George (Uganda) (Philippines) Paperna and Thurston 1969 Natividad et al. 1986, BondadReantaso and Arthur 1990 Literature reference Paperna and Thurston 1969

No. Taxon 73 C. sclerosus Paperna and Thurston 1969 Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Oreochromis niloticus)

Type/main host Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia mossambica)

CINVESTAV-Mrida aquaculture facility (Mexico) Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Oreochromis leucosticus

Tilapia zillii (Uganda) (Egypt) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) (Uganda) (Israel) (Cuba) Lake Catemaco (Mexico) (Mexico) (Cuba) (Philippines, Asia) (Hong Kong; Singapore; Thailand) Middle Letaba Dam (South Africa) (Colombia, South America) (Mexico) Oreochromis urolepis hornorum Oreochromis mossambicus hybrid Oreochromis urolepis hornorum Oreochromis mossambicus hybrid Vieja fenestrata (Cichlasoma fenestratum) Tilapia rendalli (Cuba) Lake Catemaco (Mexico) Cinaga de Zapata (Cuba) (Mexico) (Cuba) (Cuba) Oreochromis urolepis hornorum (Tilapia hornorum) Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia mossambica)

African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136

(Uganda) (Uganda) (Egypt) (Egypt)

Paperna 1979 Thurston 1979 El Naggar and Khidr 1986 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Paperna and Thurston 1969, Paperna 1979 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Doullou 1993 Paperna 1979 Paperna and Lahav 1971 Prieto and Fajer 1987 Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Flores-Crespo et al. 1995 Prieto and Fajer 1987 Duncan 1973, Kabata 1985 Roberts and Sommerville 1982 Olivier et al. 2009 Kritsky and Thatcher 1974 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Flores-Crespo et al. 1995 Lzaro-Chvez 1985 Prieto et al. 1985, Prieto and Fajer 1987 Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Prieto et al. 1985 Vidal-Martinez et al. 2001 Prieto and Fajer 1987 Prieto et al. 1985

Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea) Oreochromis mortimeri; Serranochromis macrocephalus Oreochromis spilurus niger Oreochromis aureus

Oreochromis urolepis hornorum (Oreochromis hornorum) (Sarotherodon hornorum) Oreochromis mossambicus

31

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Locality (country) Kogon River (Guinea) Oum (Benin) Literature reference Pariselle and Euzet 1998, Pouyaud et al. 2006

32

No. 74

Taxon Type/main host C. slembroucki Pariselle Tilapia buttikoferi and Euzet 1998

75

76 Ergens 1981 Pariselle et al. 2003

C. testificatus Dossou Tilapia mariae 1982 C. teugelsi Pariselle and Hemichromis fasciatus Euzet, 2004

Dossou 1982 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Kounougou River (Ivory Coast); Gambia Pariselle and Euzet 2004 River (Senegal); Niger River (Mali)

77

C. thurstonae Ergens 1981

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica)

Oreochromis aureus

Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle et al. 2003 Paperna 1960, 1964 Paperna 1965, 1969 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Pouyaud et al. 2006; Pariselle and Euzet 1996 Dossou 1982 Ergens 1981 Paperna 1960

78 (Uganda) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast) Oum (Benin) (Egypt) (Israel)

C. tiberianus Paperna 1960

Tilapia zillii

River Nile (Egypt) River Nile (Egypt); Senegal River (Senegal) Kossou Dam (Ivory Coast) River Nile (Egypt); Senegal River (Senegal) Sea of Galilee (Israel) Volta Lake, Mawli River (Ghana)

Tristramella simonis simonis (Tristramella simonis); Tristramella sacra Haplochromis flavii-josephi Tilapia rendalli Haplochromis longirostris x (Israel) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) (Uganda) Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea) Tilapia zillii (Tilapia melanopleura) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica) x Tilapia busumana; Tilapia dageti; Tilapia guineensis; Tilapia walteri; Tilapia coffea Volta lagoons (Ghana) (Egypt) (Uganda) (Philippines) Lake George (Uganda) (Egypt) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast)

Paperna 1960 Doullou 1993 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Paperna 1968, 1969 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Thurston 1970 Natividad et al. 1986, Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1990 Paperna and Thurston 1969 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Pouyaud et al. 2006, Pariselle and Euzet 1996

79

C. tilapiae Paperna 1960

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica) Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea) Tristramella sacra Oreochromis mortimeri

Dor and near Sea of Galilee (Israel) (Ghana) (Israel) Volta Lake and lagoons (Ghana) Dor and near Sea of Galilee (Israel) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe)

Paperna 1960 Paperna 1969 Paperna 1960, 1964 Paperna 1969 Paperna 1960 Doullou 1993

le Roux and Avenant-Oldewage

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Oreochromis aureus (Cuba) Lake Catemaco (Mexico) (Cuba) (Philippines) CINVESTAV-Mrida aquaculture facility (Mexico) Sarotherodon galilaeus sanagaensis Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Sarotherodon galilaeus) (Oreochromis galilaeus) Lake Catemaco (Mexico) (Cuba) (Uganda) (Ghana) Lake Volta (Ghana) (Ghana) Lake Bosomtwi (Ghana) (Ghana) (Egypt) (Uganda) Kossou Dam and Como River (Ivory Coast) Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Natividad et al. 1986, Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1990 Prieto et al. 1985, Prieto and Fajer 1987 Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Prieto and Fajer 1987 Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Locality (country) Literature reference Pariselle et al. 2003, Pouyaud et al. 2006

No. 79

Taxon C. tilapiae Paperna 1960 (cont.) Sarotherodon hornorum Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136

Type/main host

Jimnez-Garca et al. 2001 Prieto et al. 1985 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Paperna 1968 Paperna 1969, 1979 Paperna 1979 Paperna 1968, 1979 Paperna 1965, 1968, 1969 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Paperna and Thurston 1969, Paperna 1979

Vieja fenestrata (Cichlasoma fenestratum) Tilapia rendalli Haplochromis macrognathus Hemichromis fasciatus Pelmatochromis guentheri Oreochromis aureus (Tilapia aurea) Tilapia busumana Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea) Oreochromis leucostictus (Tilapia leucosticta) Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia mossambica) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica)

(Uganda) Middle Letaba Dam (South Africa) (Colombia) Mamahuma stream (Uganda) River Nile (Egypt) (Ghana) (Uganda)

Paperna and Thurston 1969, Paperna 1979 Olivier et al. 2009 Kritsky and Thatcher 1974 Paperna 1965, 1968, 1969, 1979, Thurston 1970 Ergens 1981, El-Naggar and Khidr 1986 Paperna 1979 Paperna 1979 Paperna 1979 Paperna 1979 Olivier et al. 2009
33

Oreochromis spilurus niger (Tilapia spilurus nigra) Oreochromis urolepis urolepis (Tanzania) (Tilapia urolepis) Oreochromis niloticus vulcani (Tilapia (Uganda) vulcani) Pseudocrenilabrus philander Middle Letaba Dam (South Africa) Tilapia zillii

(Uganda) River Nile (Egypt)

Paperna and Thurston 1969, Paperna 1979 Ergens 1981, El-Naggar and Khidr 1986

Table 1: (cont.) Other host/s Locality (country) (Uganda) Literature reference Paperna and Thurston 1969

34

No. Taxon 80 C. tubicirrus longipenis Paperna and Thurston 1969 Lake Volta and lagoons, Akuse Lagoon (Ghana) Lake Albert (Uganda) Paperna and Thurston 1969 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Paperna and Thurston 1969 Lakes George and Albert (Uganda) Lakes George and Albert (Uganda) Paperna 1968, 1969

Type/main host Astatoreochromis alluadi

81

C. tubicirrus magnum Paperna and Thurston 1969

Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea)

82

C. tubicirrus minutus Paperna and Thurston 1969

Oreochromis leucostictus (Tilapia leucosticta)

Oreochromis leucostictus (Tilapia leucosticta) Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica) Tilapia zillii Haplochromis angustifrons; Haplochromis guiarti; Haplochromis longirostris; Haplochromis macrops; Haplochromis obesus; Haplochromis obliquidens; Haplochromis schubotzi; Haplochromis squamipinnus; Haplochromis sp.; Haplocromis retrodens (Hoplotilapia retrodens) River Nile (Egypt) (Uganda) Bandama River, Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast)

Ergens 1981 Paperna and Thurston 1969

83

C. vexus Pariselle and Euzet 1995

Tilapia guineensis

Pariselle and Euzet 1995c, 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006

84 Tilapia dageti Tilapia guineensis Tilapia louka Tilapia walteri Tilapia mariae Oreochromis mortimeri Oreochromis andersonii; Oreochromis macrochir; Tilapia rendalli Oreochromis mossambicus Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Tilapia galilaea); Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Tilapia nilotica) Tilapia zillii

C. yanni Pariselle and Euzet 1996

Tilapia zillii

Kogon River (Guinea); Volta Noire River Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 (Burkina Fasso) Gambia River (Senegal); Niger River (Mali) Ebri Lagoon (Ivory Coast); Senegal River (Senegal) Bourouma River (Guinea) Cavally and Nipou rivers (Ivory Coast) Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) Man-made lakes (Zambia) Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pariselle and Euzet 1996, Pouyaud et al. 2006 Pouyaud et al. 2006 Doullou 1993 Batra 1984

85

C. zambezensis Doullou Serranochromis 1993 macrocephalus Cichlidogyrus spp. (unidentified)

Middle Letaba Dam (South Africa) (Egypt)

Olivier et al. 2009 El-Naggar and Khidr 1986

le Roux and Avenant-Oldewage

River Nile (Egypt)

Ergens 1981

African Journal of Aquatic Science 2010, 35(1): 2136

35

Conclusion The list presented here can assist in decision-making for aquaculture purposes. Such a checklist could be referred to for expected/potential Cichlidogyrus infections that could create problems under aquaculture conditions. There is a need for studies on the morphology, ecology and pathological effects of members of this genus.
Acknowledgements We thank the University of Johannesburg for funding this research and for the use of their infrastructure. The study was financially supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF; project no. FA2007051100031). The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and the NRF does not accept liability for them.

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