CCC 2008 - Challenges for Civil Construction Torres Marques et al.

(Eds) FEUP, Porto, 2008

EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITIES OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF RC ELEMENTS
* * Joaquim A. O. Barros , Glucia M. Dalfr , Elisa Trombini and Alessandra Aprile
ISISE, DEC, School of Engineering, University of Minho Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimares, Portugal e-mail: barros@civil.uminho.pt, gmdalfre@civil.uminho.pt, web page: http://www.civil.uminho.pt/composites Dep. Civil. Eng., University of Ferrara Via Saragat, 1 - 44100 Ferrara, Italy e-mail: elisa.trombini@hotmail.it, prllsn@unife.it

THE STRENGTHENING CONCEPT

The Core Drilled Mounted (CDM) strengthening concept is schematically represented in Figure 1. According to the CDM technique, holes are opened across the slab/beam thickness, with the desired inclinations, and FRP circular cross section bars are introduced into these holes and bonded to the concrete substrate with adhesive materials. The short beam shear specimen and the test setup represented in Figure 2 were assumed as having the possibility of simulating the CDM shear strengthening phenomena in a RC slab.
Existing steel bars
S

CFRP bars bonded with an adhesive

F Shear crack
S

Existing steel bars Adhesive

S-S

Potencial shear crack

F

FRP bar

CFRP bar

Figure 1: CDM strengthening technique for slab/beam RC elements

100 20 410 170 5 20 100 CFRP bar bonded with an adhesive Shear failure crack CFRP bar bonded with an adhesive Notch 10 6mm

170 Lateral View

170 Front View

Reinforcement arrangement

Figure 2: Specimen cross-section dimensions (in mm) and photo of the test setup

CCC 2008: J. Barros, G. Dalfr, E. Trombini, and A. Aprile.

MONITORING SYSTEM AND MAIN RESULTS

The arrangement of displacement transducers and the position of the strain gauges at the CFRP bar are presented in figure 3. The SG1 coincides with the shear crack plane.
170

LVDT 85650
( 0.5 mm)

LVDT 31925
( 2.5 mm)

LVDT 83050

LVDT 85651
( 0.5 mm)

LVDT 61531
( 2.5 mm)

SG1 SG2 SG3

35 170 35 15

LVDT 85649
( 0.5 mm)

LVDT 39916
( 2.5 mm)

Sliding

Crack opening First test specimen

Crack opening Second test specimen

Figure 3: (a) Arrangement of the LVDTs and (b) lay-out of the strain gauges (SG) at the CFRP bar Figure 4 shows the relationship between the applied force and both the crack opening (at the LVDT placed at the level of the CFRP bar intermediate LVDT, see Figure 3a) and crack sliding. In this figure is also represented the concrete contribution for the shear resistance (horizontal line =>74.9 kN). Since the average peak load registered in the two tested specimens was 101.7 kN, it can be 2 2 concluded that a CFRP bar of 54 mm cross section area, per a shear failure crack area of 25500 mm (a CFRP reinforcement ratio of 0.2%), had a contribution of 26% for the specimen shear resistance. The relationship between the crack opening, crack sliding and the SG1 strains is depicted in Figure 5.
Sliding (mm)

0 120 100 80
Force (kN)

10

12

14

2.00 1.75 1.50

Sliding (mm)

Crack opening CS1 Crack opening CS2 Sliding CS1 Sliding CS2 Specimen shear capacity due to concrete contribution
0 120

CS1 CS2

1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50

60 40 20 0 0.0

Sliding (mm) 0.5 1.0 1.5

2.0

Force (kN)

90 60 30 0 0 0.25 0.50 Crack opening (mm)

0.25

The limit of the LVDT stroke was attained

The limit of the LVDT stroke was attained

5.0
0.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 Crack opening (mm) 1.00 1.25

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0 2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Crack opening (mm)

Figure 4: Force-Sliding-Crack opening curves

Figure 5: Relationship between the crack opening, crack sliding and the SG1 strains in the CFRP bar

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge the support provided by the Empreiteiros Casais, S&P, Secil (Unibeto, Braga) Companies. The study reported in this paper forms a part of the research program CUTINEMO - Carbon fiber laminates applied according to the near surface mounted technique to increase the flexural resistance to negative moments of continuous reinforced concrete structures supported by FCT, PTDC/ECM/73099/2006. The second author would like to acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Brazil for financial support for scholarship (GDE/CNPq).