Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Regular and Irregular Present Tense

Yo T Usted,l, ella Nosotros Ustedes,ellos, ellas Ir- to go Voy Vas Va Tener - to have Tengo Tienes Tiene

Regular Verbs Present Tense -ar -er -o -o - as -es -a -e -amos -emos -an -en

-ir -o -es -e -imos -en

Vamos Van

Tenemos Tienen

Ser - to be ( to tell who the subject is or what the subject is like; to describe origin, profession, and basic characteristics) Soy Somos Eres Es Son Estar - to be ( to tell where the subject is or how the subject feels; to describe the location and feelings that may change) Estoy Estamos Ests Est Estn

Present Tense Stem-changing Verbs * No change for nosotros (SHOES) Pensar - to think, e to ie Pienso Piensas Piensa

Pensamos

Piensan

Similar Stem-changing Verbs: cerrar - to close, entender - to understand, pensar -to think, perder - to lose, preferir - to prefer, querer - to want, comenzar - to start, recomendar - to recommend Almorzar - to eat lunch, o to ue present Almorzamos Almuerzo

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Almuerzas Almuerza O to u preterite Dorm Dormiste Durmi

Almuerzan Dormimos
Durmieron

Similar Stem-changing Verbs: contar - to count, to tell, costar - to cost, dormir - to sleep, encontrar - to find, to meet; poder - to be able, can, volver - to return, to come back, mostrar - to show, morir - to die Servir - to serve, e to i present Sirvo Sirves Sirve E to i preterite Ped Pediste Pidi

Servimos

Sirven Pedimos
Pidieron

Similar Verbs: competir - to compete, pedir - to ask for, repetir - to repeat Jugar - to play, u to ue Juego Juegas Juega

Jugamos

Juegan

Regular Preterite Verbs: -ar

-er iste i imos ieron

-ir iste i imos ieron

aste amos aron

Preterite -car, -gar and -zar ( only changes in yo form) Sacar - to take out Saqu Sacamos Sacaste Sac Sacaron Similar Verbs: explicar - to explain, buscar - to look for, practicar - to practice, tocar - to touch, to play (an instrument)

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Saco a basura - I take out the garbage. Sac a basura - He took..... Sac el saco - He took out the sweater. Jugar - to play jugu Jugaste jug Similar: llegar - to arrive, pagar - to pay Almorzar - to have lunch Almorc Almorzaste Almorz Similar: empezar - to begin, comenzar - to start Jugamos Jugaron

Almorzamos Almorzaron

Irregular Preterite Ir/Ser Fui Fuiste Fue Hacer Hice Hiciste Hizo Dar Di Diste Dio Ver Vi Viste Vio Viimos Vieron Dimos Dieron Hicimos Hicieron Fuimos Fueron

Irregular Preterite Verb Ending Verb Stem Andar - to walk AnduvEstar - to be EstuvPoder - to be able PudPoner - to put PusQuerer - to want QuisSaber - to know SupTener - to have TuvVenir -to come VinHay - there be Hubo

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Verbs that end in -cir, drop i from ustedes/ellos/ellas ending, change it to j Decir - to say, to tell Dijeron Conducir - to drive Condujeron Producir - to produce Produjeron Traducir - to translate Tradujeron Traer - to bring Trajeron

Leer/Creer/Or Change i to y in the l/ella/usted and in the ellos/ellas/ustedes forms of preterite Leer - to read Le Leste Ley Similar Verbs: Caerse, creer, or

Lemos
Leyeron

Countries and Nationalities Countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, Mexico, U.S.A., Canada, Spain, England, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, China, Korea Nationalities: guatemalteco, salvadoreo, hondureo, costarricense, panameo, cubano, dominicano, nicaragense, puertorriqueo, colombiano, venezolano, ecuatoriano, peruano, boliviano, paraguayo, chileno, uruguayo, argentino, mexicano, estadounidense, canadiense, espaol, ingles(esa), francs(esa), alemn(ana), japons(esa), italiano, chino, coreano

Saber VS Conocer Use saber with facts, information,and telling how to do something. Ex. Saben quin es esa reportera? Do you know who that reporter is? Use conocer to express being familiar or acquainted with a person, place or thing Ex. Yo la conozco. Les gustari conocerla? I know her. Would you like to meet her?

Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Adjectives: este/esta (this), estos/estas (these), ese,esa (that), esos/esas (those), aquel/aquella (that over there), aquellos/aquellas (those over there) Pronouns: ste/sta (this one here), stos/stas (these here), se/sa (that one there), sos/sas (those there), aqul/aqulla (that over there), aqullos/aqullas (those over there) Possessive Adjective and Pronouns

Remember add El/la/los/las according to the gender and number of the noun it replaces Adjectives(short form): m(s)-my, tu(s)-your, su(s)-his/her/your, nuestro(a/os/as)-our, su(s)-their/your Adjectives(long form) and Pronouns: mo/ma/mos/mas (mine), tuyo/tuya/tuyos/tuyas (yours), suyo/suya/suyos/suyas (his, hers, yours formal), nuestro/nuestra/nuestros/nuestras (ours), suyo/suya/suyos/suyas (theirs, yours formal)

Interrogative Words Adnde Cmo Cul(es) Cundo Cunto Cuntos (as) Dnde Por qu Qu Quin (es) (to) where How Which (ones) When How much How many Where Why What Who

Adverbs of Frequency Nunca Rara vez De vez en cuando Mucho Simepre Irregular yo verbs These take the ending -go Caer - to fall Hacer - to make; to do Poner - to put Caigo Hago Pongo Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Salir - to go out; to leave Traer - to bring Decir - to say; to tell Venir - to come

Salgo Traigo Digo Vengo

Others Conocer - to know; to meet Dar - to give Saber - to know Ver - to see

Conozco Doy S Veo

Reflexive Pronouns Me Te Se Reflexive Verbs Aburrirse Asustarse de Caerse Cansarse Darse cuenta de Despedirse (e to i,i) de Disculparse Divertirse ( e to ie,i) Enojarse con Portarse bien/mal Preocuparse por Reunirse Sentirse ( e to ie, i) To get bored To be scared of To fall down To get tired To realize To say goodbye to To apologize To enjoy oneself To get angry with To behave well/badly To be worried about To get together To feel Nos Os Se

Imperfect VS Preterite Imperfect ex. Yo trabajaba en MacDonalds cuando era ms joven. habitual ( used to do sth) emotional/physical/mental stat What happened regularly/periodically in the past

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Phrases that signal A veces Cada da Cada ao De vez en cuando Frecuentemente Generalmente Muchas veces

the use of imperfect: sometimes mucho Every day Por un rato Every year siempre Once in a while Tantas veces Frequently Todas las semanas Usually Todas los das Many times Todo el tiempo

A lot For a while Always So many times Every week Everyday All the time

Preterite ex. Yo trabaj 8 horas ayer. Mam tuvo un accidente. Ayer lola empez a trabajar. past (ayer, la semana pasada, anoche, el ao pasado, a las 9) completed actions An action that changed or interrupted a situation

Cuando... Preterite ( if the action is interrupted); Mientras.....imperfect Interrupted Actions: Estaba estudiando cuando Diego me llam. Simultaneous Actions: Estaba estudiando mientros Diego estaba ocinando.

Imperfect Conjugations
AR verbs Trabajaba trabajabas trabajaba trabajbamos * trabajaban Irregular: Ser Era Eras Era ramos Eran Ir Ver Iba Vea Ibas Veas Iba Vea Ibamos Veamos Iban Vean IR/ER verbs coma comas coma comamos coman

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Celebration Vocabs
Los adornos Decorations El aniversario Anniversary La boda Wedding La fiesta Party Los globos Balloons La invitacon Invitation La reunin Gathering Romper la piata To break the piata Sorprender To surprise La sorpresa Surprise Las velas Candles

The Progressive Tenses

Present Tense of Estar + ando/iendo/yendo forms Estar: estoy,ests, est, estamos, estn Imperfect Tense of Estar + ando/iendo/yendo forms Estar: Estaba, estabas, estaba, estabmos, estaban

Ex. Hablar Hablando Comer Comiendo Escriber Escribiendo Leer Leyendo Pedir Pidiendo IR stem changing Dormir Durmiendo

Direct Object Pronouns

Usually Come BEFORE verb, however it attaches to the verb after the infinitive or -ndo form. Me Nos Te Lo/la (him/her/it) Los/Las

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Ex. Emily maneja le carro. Emily lo maneja. Progressive: Yo lo estoy leyendo. Yo estoy leyendolo. Preterite: Yo la vi. Imperfect: Yo lo llamaba. Infinitive: Me gusta comprarlos. ( los has to be in the end)

Indirect Object Pronouns

An indirect Object is a person (or animal etc) that is at the receiving end of an action. It is usually placed before conjugated verbs, and may be attached to infinitives and -ndo forms. Me Te Le Nos Os Les

Ex. El mesero dio la cuenta a Laura. El mesero le dio la cuenta. El mesero va a darle la cuenta. El mesero est dndole la cuenta.

Special verbs: Interesar- to interest Aburrir - to bore Gustar - to please Encantar - to delight Fascinar - to fascinate

Ex. Los gatos le gustan a felipe.

Jasmine Yang Spanish 11 Final Notes

Double Object Pronouns

Indirect Objects come before direct object 1. My mother bought me a cake. Mi mam me compr un pastel. Mi mam me lo compr 2. Your friend gave you a gift. Tu amigo te dio un regalo. Tu amigo te lo dio. 3. Our cousin sold us a house. Nuestro primo nos vendi un casa. Nuestro primo nos la vendi. When two pronouns are third person: change the indirect object pronoun to se. 4. My mother bought him a cake. Mi mam le lo compro. (wrong) Mi mam se lo compro. 5. I asked the waiter for a napkin. Le ped una servilleta la mesero. Se la ped. 6. You sent them letters. Yo les las mand. (wrong) Yo se las mand. 7. My mother is buying him a cake. Mi mam se lo est comprando. OR Mi mam est comprandoselo.