Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

[Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering]
Volume 2, Number 1/2013 (Special Issue)
ISSN: 2305-915X
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ISSN: 2305-915X (Print) ISSN: 2307-9584 (Online)
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ASIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

International Standard Serial Number: 2305-915X (Print) International Standard Serial Number: 2307-9584 (Online) Established: 2012 www.ajase.weebly.com Review Process: Blind peer-review Volume 2, Number 1/2013 (Special Issue) Published by Asian Business Consortium
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We are working closely with many other major databases to get AJASE indexed, including AcademicOne, EBSCO, EI Compendex, CAS, ProQuest, DOAJ, and etc. We will gradually publish the index information of the journal and try to have a high ISI impact factor for AJASE. AJASE is under the indexing process with ISI, Ulrichs, EBSCO, Scopus, DOAJ and JournalSeek.
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EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor-in-chief
Center for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Asma Ahmad Shariff
Managing Editor
Faculty of Business, ASA University Bangladesh Vice Chairman, Asian Business Consortium
Dr. Alim Al Ayub Ahmed
Consulting Editor
Dr. Md. Amin Uddin Mridha King Saud University, Saudi Arabia (Plant Production) Dr. Bensafi Abd-El-Hamid Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Algeria (Chemical Engineering & Polymer Chemistry) Dr. Iqbal Hossain ASA University Bamgladesh, Bangladesh (Statistics) Dr. Vinai K. Singh Raj Kumar Goel Engineering College, INDIA (Bio mathematics & Remedial Mathematics) Dr. Shahzad Ali Khan Quaid-e-Azam University, Pakistan (Health Systems & Policy) Dr. Hasan Mahmud Reza North South University, Bangladesh (Pharmacy) Dr Pankaj Indus International University, India (Mathematics) Dr. Mohammad Anwar Hossain Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh (Genetics & Plant Breeding) Dr. Gulzar A. Khuwaja King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia (Computer Engineering) Dr. Halenar Igor Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia (Architecture) Dr. Mohammad Hadi Dehghani Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Environmental Toxicology & Nanotechnology) Dr. Suresh B. Rana University of Oklahoma, USA (Medical Physics) Dr. Osman Goni Talukdar Varendra University, Bangladesh (Theoretical Physics) Dr. Lutfar Rahman Rajshahi University Bangladesh (Mathematics) Dr. Vuda Sreenivasarao Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia (Electrical Engineering) Dr. Mojtaba Moradi University of Guilan, Iran (Stochastic Processes) Dr. Arun Kumar Gupta University of Roorkee, India (Computer Programing) Dr Sudhir K Samantaray Panjab University, India (Psychology) Dr. M. Abul Kalam Azad Rajshahi University, Bangladesh (Applied Mathematics) Dr. Md. Fazlul Babi University Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia (Material Science) Dr. Mohammad Ali Shariati Isfahan University of Technology, Iran (Food Science and Technology)
The Editorial Board assumes no responsibility for the content of the published articles.
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AJASE adopt a blinded review policy. Authors are blind to reviewers. Typically, the review period is within 6 weeks. If authors do not receive a decision letter by email in 8 weeks after the submission, the corresponding author may send an email to inquire the status of their submission. If you need a shorter review period due to special circumstances, you may request such along with your explanation of the situation by email; however, AJASE cannot guarantee granting the request because high quality judgment of scientific work in short time is a challenge.
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Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Blind Peer-Reviewed Journal
Contents
1.
Reciprocal Symmetric Kinematics and Correspondence between Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Mushfiq Ahmad Correspondence between Reciprocity and Discreteness Mushfiq Ahmad & M.O.G. Talukder Reciprocal Symmetry Quantum Statistics and Spin Mushfiq Ahmad & M.O.G. Talukder Relativistic Rule of Multiplication of Velocities Consistent with Lorentz Einstein Law of Addition and Derivation of the Missing Equations of Special Relativity M.O.G. Talukder & Mushfiq Ahmad Incompatibility between Einstein's Postulate and Special Theory of Relativity Mushfiq Ahmad & M.O.G. Talukder Non-Associativity of Lorentz Transformation and Associative Reciprocal Symmetric Transformation Mushfiq Ahmad, Muhammad Shah Alam, & M.O.G. Talukder Derivation of the Missing Equations of Special Relativity from de-Broglies Matter Wave Concept and the Correspondence between Them M.O.G. Talukder & Mushfiq Ahmad Derivation of Non-Einsteinian Relativistic Equations from Momentum Conservation Law M.O.G. Talukder Wave Particle Dualism for Both Matter and Wave and Non-Einsteinian View of Relativity M.O.G. Talukder & Mushfiq Ahmad Homogeneous Number System and Reciprocal Symmetric Algebra Mushfiq Ahmad Neutrino Traveling Faster than Light and Einsteinian and non-Einsteinian views of relativity M.O.G. Talukder & Mushfiq Ahmad International Seminar on Special Relativity 2012 Perspectives
09
2. 3. 4.
10
11
12
5. 6.
13
14
7.
15
8.
16
9.
17
10. 11.
18
19
12
20
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Faster than the speed of light, reciprocal velocity and quantum mechanics
Planck's hypothesis sets a lower limit (to energy). Einstein's postulate sets an upper limit (to speed). If a particle has velocity v, the corresponding de Broglie wave has velocity c2/v. Therefore, de Broglie wave velocities fulfill Einstein's reciprocal postulate -- No speed can be less than the speed of light. Planck and de Broglie suggest a reciprocal relation between quantum mechanics and special relativity. From velocity v=x/t we can obtain the reciprocal velocity t/x by interchanging between x and t.
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Reciprocal Symmetric Kinematics and Correspondence between Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics
Mushfiq Ahmad
Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Abstract
We have defined reciprocal symmetry and observed its presence in Special Relativity and quantum mechanics. Therefore, reciprocal symmetry relates Special Relativity to quantum mechanics. Reciprocal symmetry implies that there is a boundary value velocity c, which is the limiting value and which is also constant under addition. We have, then, developed reciprocal symmetric law of addition of velocities. In case of collinear velocities it agrees with Lorentz-Einstein law of addition. General reciprocal symmetric transformation is different from General Lorentz transformation. Reciprocal symmetric transformation is associative and complex. A comparison between RST and LT is given.
Keywords:
Reciprocal
Symmetry;
Reciprocal
Symmetric
Transformation; Lorentz Transformation; Associativity PACS No.: 03.30.+p, 03.65.-w
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Correspondence Discreteness
Mushfiq Ahmad1 & M.O.G. Talukder2
1 2
between
Reciprocity
and
Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh Varendra University, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
Abstract
We have represented physical quantities (velocity and distance) in hyperbolic space. In hyperbolic space velocities obey Einstein's law of addition. We have found the expression for the distance traveled in hyperbolic space. The same motion has been described in terms velocity and reciprocal velocity. In case of reciprocal velocity, distance and time of travel become discrete.
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Reciprocal Symmetry Quantum Statistics and Spin

Mushfiq Ahmad & M.O.G. Talukder
1 2
Abstract
We have shown that a reciprocal transformation relates Bose-Einstein statistics to Fermi-Dirac statistics. We have also shown that a reciprocal inversion produces a spin change by a half integral spin.
Key Words: Reciprocal; Reciprocity; Reciprocal Symmetry; Fermi-Dirac Statistics; Continuity; Discreteness; Boltzmanns function; Finite difference equation
PACS: 03.65.-w, 03.30.+p
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Relativistic Rule of Multiplication of Velocities Consistent with Lorentz Einstein Law of Addition and Derivation of the Missing Equations of Special Relativity
M.O.G. Talukder1 and Mushfiq Ahmad2
1 2
Varendra University, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Abstract
In this paper, we present the rule for relativistic multiplication of a velocity by a number. We have reasoned on the basis of a thought experiment and we have taken into consideration the L-E law of addition of velocities. The formalism gives the result of repeated L-E addition just as ordinary multiplication gives the effect of repeated Galilean addition. In the classical limit, it complies with the Galilean law of multiplication. The formalism presented here can extend the horizon of relativity. The thought experiment also reveals the values of both the relative length and time in the longitudinal direction. Further, it has been demonstrated, as implications, that each relative quantity has two values - one in the longitudinal and the other in the transverse directions. As a consequence, we have found out the missing equations which are necessary to make Einsteins theory of special relativity self-consistent and complete. Moreover, we use the geometric mean to get the mean value of the relative quantities. The justification of doing so is also demonstrated in this paper. Finally, in the appendix, we present the relativistic multiplication rules for the relative quantities like velocity, mass, time and length by a number. We also present the general rules for the product of two relative quantities of the same entity.
Keywords: Relativistic addition and multiplication, velocity, mass, time, length, special relativity, missing equations, geometric mean.
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Incompatibility between Einstein's Postulate and Special Theory of Relativity

Mushfiq Ahmad1 & M.O.G. Talukder2
1 2
Abstract
A hyperbolic transformation relates relativistic velocities to corresponding Galilean velocity or rapidity. Comparison shows that usual definition of velocity is valid in Euclidian space but not valid in relativistic hyperbolic space. It also reveals that Einstein's postulate -- that the speed of light is the same in all inertial frames of reference -- is equivalent to the trivial statement that infinite velocity is the same in all inertial frames of reference.
Key Words: Galilean; Relativistic; Hyperbolic transformation; Lorentz transformation; Einstein's postulates; Einstein's addition; Velocity.
PACS: 03.30.+p
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Non-Associativity of Lorentz Transformation and Associative Reciprocal Symmetric Transformation

Mushfiq Ahmad1, Muhammad Shah Alam2, & M.O.G. Talukder3
1 2
Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh Department of Physics, Shahjalal Universit, Sylhet, Bangladesh 3 Varendra University, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
Abstract
We have shown that Lorentz transformation is not associative. The nonassociativity makes it frame dependent; and it does not fulfill relativistic requirement. We have proposed an associative Reciprocal Symmetric Transformation (RST) to replace Lorentz transformation. RST is complex and is compatible with Pauli and Dirac algebra.
Keywords: Lorentz boost; Non-associativity; Reciprocity Principle; Reciprocal Symmetric Transformation; Thomas Precession;
Quaternionic transformation; Pauli quaternion; Spin; Clifford algebra.
PACS: 03.30.+p, 03.65.-w
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Derivation of the Missing Equations of Special Relativity from de-Broglies Matter Wave Concept and the Correspondence between Them
M.O.G. Talukder1 & Mushfiq Ahmad2
1 2
Varendra University, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Abstract
In this paper, we have considered that the particle velocity in the matter wave concept of de Broglie is relative. It reveals that matter wave associated with a moving particle is a photon wave which has longitudinal and transverse values. The conventional deBroglies wavelength-momentum relation corresponds to the longitudinal wave. As a consequence, we have found the longitudinal and transverse relative values of the mass, time, length and velocity including the missing equations of Einsteins theory of special relativity. It also reveals that momentum and energy are relative quantities and the corresponding expressions for the longitudinal and transverse values for both of them have been presented. Moreover, the addition rules, with a general expression, for all the relative quantities based on Lorentz-Einstein transformation law for the addition of velocities have been given. Finally, the maximum and minimum values of the relative quantities have been expressed in terms of Planks constant and the speed of light. Their numerical values have also been calculated and presented in this paper.
Keywords: Matter wave, Photon, Wavelength, Momentum, Relative mass, Time, Length and velocity, Transverse, Longitudinal and Planks constant.
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Derivation of Non-Einsteinian Relativistic Equations from Momentum Conservation Law

M.O.G. Talukder
Varendra University, Rajshahi6204, Bangladesh.
Abstract
In this paper, we present a relativistic expression for the momentum conservation law using a formalism derived from the Lorentz-Einstein law for the addition of velocities. It demonstrates that a mass-less particle can move only at the speed of light and it has momentum like a photon. Hence, consideration of relativistic momentum conservation of a photon-gun system reveals that the mass of the gun and the time period, amplitude and the speed of photon vary with the speed of the gun. That is the mass, time, length and velocity are relative quantities. However, the corresponding expressions are different from those in Einsteins theory of special relativity. Hence, we call those as Non-Einsteinian relativistic expressions. Moreover, each relative quantity has been found to have two values one in the longitudinal and the other in the transverse directions, such that the product of the two remains invariant. Nevertheless, the longitudinal and transverse values have been denoted by the suffixes NL and NT respectively. It should be pointed here that, in the previous papers, the corresponding expressions in Einsteinian relativistic case have been denoted by the suffixes EL and ET respectively.
Keywords: Momentum conservation, Lorentz Einstein law, NonEinsteinian relativity, photon, relative mass, time, length and velocity.
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Wave Particle Dualism for Both Matter and Wave and Non-Einsteinian View of Relativity
1 2
Varendra University, Rajshahi6204, Bangladesh. Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the significance of Non-Einsteinian view of relativity in relation to wave model of particle and particle model of wave. To accommodate wave-particle dualism, we have considered de-Broglies matter wave concept and Compton Effect. The kinematics of the photon and the photon emitter particle (photon-gun) are taken into consideration. Then, we have correlated the motion related parameters of the gun with the characteristics of the photon. This provides a correlation between wave aspect of particle (matter wave) and particle aspect of wave. Keywords: Wave, particle, matter wave, photon, wavelength, momentum and Compton wave.
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Homogeneous Number System and Reciprocal Symmetric Algebra

Mushfiq Ahmad
Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Abstract
We have shown that an isomorphic transformation relates the set R of real numbers extending from to , to the set S of numbers between arbitrarily chosen numbers c and c . Any set of physical quantities which can be represented by R can also be represented by S and vise versa. c corresponds to , and invariance of c under Einstein addition corresponds to invariance of under ordinary addition .
Keywords: Real numbers; Isomorphism; Neutral number; Infinity; Invariant under addition; Einstein law of addition; Reciprocal symmetry PACS: 03.30.+p, 03.65.-w
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Neutrino Traveling Faster than Light and Einsteinian and non-Einsteinian views of relativity
1 2
Varendra University, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh. Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Abstract
In this paper, we classify the velocity as Galilean and relative. The Galilean velocity can have any value between 0 and as in Newtonian/classical mechanics, whereas, the relative velocity follows Lorentz Einstein (L-E) transformation law for addition and cannot exceed the speed of light c. We present the transformation law from Galilean to relative velocity and vise versa. We consider that the velocity in the relativity factor of non-Einsteinian relativistic case is Galilean, since it does not put any restriction on any particles velocity being equal to or greater than that of light. On the other hand, using the relativistic multiplication rule of velocities, we demonstrate that the velocity in the relativity factor of Einsteinian relativistic case is relative. Hence, it will remain within the limit of c, even if the corresponding Galilean velocity is much higher than c. We believe that CERN scientists have measured the Galilean velocity of neutrino being slightly higher than c. We demonstrate that the transverse relative mass of neutrino traveling at that speed remains finite in both views of relativity. Thus, in this paper, the dilemma concerning neutrinos traveling faster than light has been resolved.
Keywords: Galilean velocity, relative velocity, transformation law, neutrino speed, light speed and transverse mass.
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International Seminar on Special Relativity-2012

NEUTRINO TRAVELING FASTER THAN LIGHT AND EINSTEIN'S VIEW OF RELATIVITY
CERN researchers have observed that neutrinos can travel faster than light. Their finding agrees with our prediction (quoted below), which appeared in the daily newspaper "The Observer" on 5 June 2001. The statement was made on 4 June 2001 on the occasion of the inauguration of the book "An Alternative Approach to the Relativity" published by Grontho Procation, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. However, recently, we have found that Einstein's theory of special relativity is incomplete. It needs three more equations to make it complete. We have found those missing equations. Some of our findings have already been published in scientific journals and some others are in the process of publication. We hope to disclose all our results (published and unpublished) in a forth coming international conference to be organized by Rajshahi University. With the help of the completed form of the concept of relativity and the introduction of the concept of Reciprocal Symmetry, we have seen that there is no restriction on any particle's speed being equal to or greater than that of light. Therefore, we would like to convey our heartiest congratulations to the researchers of CERN lab. Their recent finding will, we hope, help achieve completeness and perfection of the development of relativity; just as Michelson-Morley's result of 1887 launched it. Quotation from "The Observer" of 5 June 2001, Dhaka: "According to Einstein's Relativity Theory, no particle can achieve the speed of light. This is a consequence of Einstein's Relativity Theory that when the speed of a particle approaches that of light, its mass becomes infinite which is absurd. It should be pointed here that it was experimentally found that a neutrino has a finite mass but it moves at the speed of light in contradiction with Einstein's Theory. On the contrary, according to the alternative approach, there is no such restriction on any particle's speed being equal to or greater than that of light. When the speed of a particle approaches that of light its mass becomes half which is reasonable and consistent with the experimental evidence". PLEASE NOTE: For your kind information, the proceedings of the seminar will be published in a special issue of the journal of Rajshahi University
SCOPE
Special Relativity
TITLE
Neutrino Traveling Faster than Light and Einstein's View of Relativity
DATE
11-12 February, 2012
VENUE
Senate Building, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chair Prof. M. Abdus Sobhan, Honourable Vice Chancellor, University of Rajshahi Co-Chair Prof. Muhammad Nurullah, Honourable Pro-vice Chancellor, University of Rajshahi Secretary Prof. Abu Bakar Md. Ismail, Chairman, Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi International Advisory Committee Chief Advisor H.E. Prof. M. Sayeedur Rahman Khan, The High Commissioner of Bangladesh in UK Advisor Prof. Hurtmut Baerwolff, Chairman, Dept. of Analog & Opto-Electronics, University of Applied Science, Colongne, Germany Prof. Dinnath Saha, Chairman, Dept. of Physics, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India Local Advisory Committee Chief Advisor Prof. M. Aminul Islam, Dept. of Physics, University of Rajshahi Advisors Prof. Shahida Rafique, Dept. of Applied Physics, Dhaka University, Dhaka Prof. Jiban Podder, Dept. of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka Prof. M. Abul Mansur Chowdhury, Research Center for Mathematical and Physical Sciences(RCMPS), University of Chittagong, Chittagong Abu Sayeed Mohammad Firoz, Chairman, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Corporation, Dhaka Treasurer Prof. M. O. G. Talukder, Vice Chancellor, Barendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Members Prof. Tofazzal Hossain Tarafder, Dean, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi Prof. M. Rostom Ali, Dean, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi Prof. Raquib Ahmed, Director, Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi Prof. Chitto Ranjan Misra, Administrator, Public Relation Office, University of Rajshahi Prof. Shaikh Enaetullah, Chairman, Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi Dilruba Akhter Banu, Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics, University of Rajshahi Dr. A. K. Fazlul Haque, Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics, University of Rajshahi Dr. Babul Islam, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi Mahboob Qaosar, Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi S. N. M. Akhtaruzzaman, National Consultant for ICT, NATP, World Bank Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Sirajur Rahman, Executive Officer, Barendra University Trust
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MAIN GOALS
disclose some issues related to Special Theory of relativity present views developed during the past years complete the theory of relativity by including three more equations to introduce a new concept of Reciprocal Symmetry as an alternative to that of Special Relativity
SPEAKERS
Ten papers will be presented by the following scholars: Dr. M. O. G Talukder Former Professor, Dept. of Applied Physics, Rajshahi University, Vice Chancellor, Barendra University, Rajshahi Dr. Mushfiq Ahmad Former Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics, Rajshahi University
ORGANIZED BY
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
SPONSORED BY
Barendra University Trust Brac Bank Ltd. Engg. Md. Enamul Haque, MP, Rajshahi-4 Md. Abdul Wadud Dara, MP, Rajshahi-5 Shahriar Alam, MP, Rajshahi-6 In association with
and Media partner
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ASIAN BUSINESS CONSORTIUM
www.abc.us.org Asian Business Consortium (ABC) is a multi-disciplinary research, training, publishing, digital library supporting and service house. Though founded in 2010 as the Business and Computing organization of Asia, it was reconstituted as the ABC in 2011. It has been working for creating and nurturing talents in USA and Bangladesh since its inception. As ABC is going global, it intends to open offices in Malaysia, Australia, Germany, Japan, Pakistan, and other Asian countries in near future. The objectives of consortium are solely centered round the welfare and humane attitude of the founders who enthusiastically took up this noble cause and materialized it with a view to promote research and educational activities for the encouragement of scholars to develop their knowledge, to publish their analysis oriented scientific researches in international Journals, books, the task of organizing workshops, seminars, conferences, training, personality development programs and allied services. In addition to research activities, ABC provides a good number of scholarships to the poor and meritorious students at various levels of education throughout the world. It plays an important role in the field of research by funding research projects and publishing the research papers. This consortium will unquestionably become the mouth-piece of the dark horses and unacknowledged scholar whose endowed and commendable contributions shall be provided an outlet keeping in mind the greater good of the larger society of the world. ABC runs the following international referred journals for creating a platform to share the thoughts of professionals, scholars and academicians throughout the world.
Asian Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering (AJASE) International Journal of Reciprocal Symmetry and Theoretical Physics (IJRSTP) ABC Journal of Advanced Research (ABC JAR) Engineering International (EI) Asian Accounting and Auditing Advancement (4A Journal) Asian Business Review (ABR) Global Disclosure of Economics and Business (GDEB) American Journal of Trade and Policy (AJTP) ABC Research Alert (Online Journal)
Each journal home page provides specific information for potential authors and subscribers. Open access policy, the quick review process, rich editorial boards and quality publications have already made ABC Journals unique. ABC Journals are published under the direct supervisions of renowned academicians of the world. Collaboration in Conference ABC considers high-quality conference papers for publication. Please contact us for detailed information. Collaboration in Publishing If you like to start writing a book, propose a new journal or advertise in ABC journals, please feel free to contact us. Asian Business Consortium | AJASE
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[Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering]

Volume 2, Number 1/2013 (Special Issue)

Asian Business Consortium | AJASE