Local Stress Analysis Techniques: Nozzle Loads

Mandeep Singh Intergraph CAS February 21st, 2011

Piping to Nozzle to Vessel

Piping Engineer vs. Vessel Fabricator

Did you check the nozzle for loads My Nozzle is good for Pressure Alright.., Give me actual loads But, the analysis is not finished yet Ok, give me Maximum Loads your nozzle can withstand What !, there are infinite combinations...
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Saga of Nozzle loads

What came first,

Or

Some Ideas for resolution

Use standard Nozzle Loads

Provides a standard level of strength

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Some Ideas for resolution

Get a Maximum Nozzle load set

Indicate if you want a bigger Mx, My etc..

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Resolutions .
Model Nozzle flexibilities in Piping model

Preferably re-check the nozzle with actual loads but may be too late in the game

A look at CAESAR II load cases

Sustained Thermal Expansion

Occasional only the delta

Operating

Specify the loads as SUS, EXP, OCC

Thermal Expansion Self-limiting, so higher allowable Occasional 20% increase in allowable

Stresses near Nozzles

WRC107
1965, updated in 1979, Prof. Bijlaard work Provides stress in Cylinder and Spheres Based on Un-penetrated shell Gives stresses in header only Consists of charts and fill in tables.

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Lots of charts to look up

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Then fill in tables

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New Update to WRC 107 -> WRC 537

format

Same results Easier to read Format

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Stress Combinations
Next, Combine stresses in categories
General Primary Membrane (Pm) Local Primary Membrane (Pl) Secondary Stresses (Q)

Compare to allowables

Primary Stresses
load-controlled pressure, weight Not self-limiting Tighter limits (1.5*S)

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Secondary Stresses
Strain-controlled thermal Exp., bending at gross discontinuities Self-limiting stress can reduce after local yielding. Higher allowable (approx 3*Savg)

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Some limitations of WRC107

Re-pad not considered Assumes a 90 (radial nozzle) Spherical Shells
di/Di 1/3 but less if Dm/T between 20-55 U 2.2 (U = ro / ((Rm T)0.5, for nozzle) 0.25 t /T 10 5 rm /t 50

Cylindrical Shells:
d/D for cylinders or < 0.6 with significant warnings D/T 600 L/D 1.5 C1 /C2 4

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WRC 297
Based a different, thin shell theory (Prof. Steele) For cylindrical nozzles on cylinders Extends the range of WRC 107 (d/D 0.5) Gives stresses both in header and branch Also provides Nozzle Flexibilities

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Software Demonstration
CAESAR II demonstration
Adding Nozzle Flexibility Utilizing the Nozzle/Equipment limits Actual or standard loads

PV Elite demonstration
Using nozzle loads - Actual or standard loads Import the loads from CAESAR II pipe stress run.

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