SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2003/2004 SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma

in Aeronautical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

MM2105

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I Section II (4 questions @ 13 marks each) (3 questions @ 24 marks each) [52 marks] [48 marks]

3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer ALL questions in Section I and ANY TWO questions from Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 7 pages. ----------

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-2Section I [52 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

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Q1. (a) A steel rod of length 250 mm carries a tensile load of 50 kN with a safety factor of 3. (See Fig Q1). The ultimate tensile stress of the steel rod is 600 MN/m2 and the Youngs Modulus is 200 GN/m2. Determine the working stress, the minimum diameter of the rod required and hence the elongation of the rod under the load. (8 marks) (b) A hole is to be punched in a steel plate 5 mm thick. The shear stress for the plate is 360 N/mm2 and the allowable compressive stress for the punch is 180 N/mm 2. Calculate the diameter of the largest hole that can be produced. (5 marks) 50 kN 50 kN

Fig Q1. Q2. The light beam shown in Fig Q2 has support reactions of 76 kN at B and 74kN at D. Zero shear force position occurs at a distance 4.24 m from end A. (a) Calculate the bending moments at salient points and plot the bending moment diagram using the following scale:1 cm : 1 m 1 cm : 10 kNm (10 marks)

(b) Calculate the location of the point(s) of contraflexure where applicable. (3 marks)
20 kN 30 kN

25 kN/m

A B 2m
2m

C D 4m
2m

E 1m 2m
2m

Fig Q2. /S12003 see page 3

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Q3.

A tube of external diameter 80 mm and internal diameter, 40 mm is to transmit 120 kW. The maximum shear stress experienced is 70 N/mm2. (a) Calculate polar second moment of area for the shaft. (3 marks) (b) Calculate the torque required and hence the speed of the shaft in rpm. (8 marks) (c) Sketch the stress distribution diagram indicating the positions of maximum and minimum shear stresses. (2 marks)

Q4.

An electric cart of mass 20 kg travels in a vertical plane around the inside of a circular track of 30 m diameter. (a) (b) (c) (d) Sketch the free body diagram for the trolley at the highest point of the circular track. (2 marks) Determine the least speed of the trolley if it is not to fall away from the track at the highest point. (4 marks) Sketch the free body diagram for the trolley at the lowest point of the circular track. (2marks) Compute the reaction on the trolley when it is at the lowest point of the track and travelling at the same speed as that computed in part (b). (5 marks)

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Section II [48 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS

Q5

A simply supported beam has an inverted T section as shown in Fig Q5a. It is designed to support a single point load W as shown in Fig Q5b. Show that (a) (b) the position of the horizontal centroidal axis, g-g for the section is 52.39 mm from the bottom edge, x-x. (6 marks) the second moment of area about the horizontal centroidal axis, g-g for the section is 10.087 x 106 mm4. (6 marks)

If the allowable compressive stress in the beam is 120 MN/m2, calculate with the aid of a free body diagram (c) (d) the maximum bending moment that can be exerted on the beam. the maximum load W that can be supported by the beam. (6 marks) (6 marks)

20 mm W 150 mm g x 100 mm Fig Q5a g A 2m 10 m Fig Q5b B

20 mm x

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Q6.

A 4-wheeled vehicle of total mass 1300 kg is accelerated from rest to 60 km/h in a distance of 300 m up an incline of 1 in 6 (see Fig Q6). It has two axles, each of which together with the wheels has a mass of 85 kg and radius of gyration of 260 mm about its axis of rotation. The diameter of each wheel is 650 mm. The tractive resistance is 350 N.

300 m

Fig Q6. When the speed of the vehicle reaches 60 km/h, calculate (a) (b) (c) total kinetic energy of the vehicle the potential energy of the vehicle the tractive effort required by using the energy principle (10 marks) (3 marks) (6 marks)

After the vehicle reaches 60 km/h, it travels along a level road with the tractive effort removed. If tractive resistance remains the same, (d) show that the furthest distance it could move is 559.3 m. (5 marks)

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Q7. The law of the machine for the differential wheel and axle shown in Fig Q7 is given by E = 0.15W + 5 (N). It is used to raise a load of 300 N at a uniform speed. The efficiency of the machine for this load is 80 percent. Calculate the (a) effort required, the mechanical advantage and velocity ratio of the machine (8 marks) (b) ideal effort and frictional effort (6 marks) (c) the power required if the load is raised at 0.1 m/s. (d) effective diameter, D of the wheel (6 marks) (4 marks)

d = 100 mm

D mm

W Fig Q7.

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-7 MM2105 LIST OF FORMULAE = P A = L L y w or E= UTS w J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r G=

Factor of Safety =

I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r

I = (d14 d24 ) 64

Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle)

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1

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