SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2004/2005 SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I Section II (4 questions @ 14 marks each) (3 questions @ 22 marks each) [56 marks] [44 marks]

3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer ALL questions in Section I and ANY TWO questions from Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 7 pages. ----------

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-2Section I [56 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

MM2105 / MM8311

Q1. A composite rod is made up of three different materials as shown in Fig Q1. An axial load of 30 kN is applied as indicated. (a) With the aid of a free-body diagram, determine the stress and strain in each section. (9 marks) (b) Find the total elongation of the rod. (5 marks)

Steel E = 200 GN/m2 A = 400 mm2 30kN

Brass E = 100 GN/m2 A = 700 mm2 Aluminium E = 70 GN/m2 A = 500 mm2 30kN

500 mm

700 mm

700 mm

Fig Q1.

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q2.

The light beam shown in Fig Q2 is simply supported at A and C.

80 kN A 2m B 3m C 1m Fig Q2 D 10 kN/m E

4m

(a) (b) (c)

Draw the free body diagram of the beam and show that the reactions at supports A and C are 24 kN and 96 kN respectively. (5 marks) Draw the shear force diagram. (3 marks)

Calculate the bending moments at the salient points and hence draw the bending moment diagram. (6 marks)

Indicate principal numerical values on your shear force and bending moment diagrams. Use the graph paper provided in the answer booklet and use the following scales: Free body diagram Shear Force Diagram Bending Moment diagram 10 mm : 1 m 10 mm : 20 kN 10 mm : 20 kNm

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q3.

A hollow circular shaft 60 mm external diameter and 30 mm internal diameter transmits 200 kW at 1500 rpm. (a) (b) (c) Calculate the torque developed in the shaft. (3 marks)

Calculate the maximum and minimum shear stresses induced and hence sketch the shear stress distribution diagram. (8 marks) Calculate the diameter of a solid shaft for the same power transmitted. (3 marks)

Q4.

A body of mass 2.5 kg attached to the end of a light cable of length 1.2 m is whirled in a horizontal circle. (a) (b) (c) Determine the magnitude and direction of the force to keep the mass moving at a speed of 150 rpm. (4 marks) If the body is whirled in a vertical circle at the same speed, determine with the help of a free body diagram, the maximum cable tension. (4 marks) Find the least velocity (in m/s) required to keep the body in a vertical circular motion. (6 marks)

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-5Section II [44 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS Q5.

MM2105 / MM8311

The H-section as shown in Fig Q5 below is to be used as a horizontal beam. The length of the beam is 6 m and it is simply supported at both ends with a vertical load of 2 kN at mid span.
200 mm 120 mm Flange & Web thickness 10 mm

Fig Q5

(a) Show that the second moment of area (area moment of inertia) about its neutral axis NA is 2.895 x 106 mm4 and hence calculate its section modulus. (6 marks) (b) Calculate the maximum bending moment and hence the maximum bending stress induced. (8 marks) (c) Sketch the stress distribution diagram indicating the maximum tensile and compressive stresses. (3 marks) (d) If the vertical load is to be replaced by a cantilever with uniformly distributed load, and the maximum bending stress is not to exceed 50 MN/m2, calculate the maximum UDL (uniformly distributed load) that can be loaded on the beam. (5 marks) (5 marks) Q6. A 4-wheeled vehicle, as shown in Figure Q6, has a total mass of 1650 kg. It is accelerated from rest to a speed of 70 km/hr for a distance of 350 m up an incline of 1 in 10. It has two axles, each of which together with the wheels has a mass of 150 kg and radius of gyration of 400 mm about its axis of rotation. The wheel diameter is 820 mm. The tractive resistance is 0.3 N/kg. At the speed of 70 km/hr, determine: (a) (b) (c) (d) the translational kinetic energy of the vehicle. the rotational kinetic energy of the axles and wheels. the total kinetic energy of the vehicle. the tractive force required by the vehicle and hence its engine power. (4 marks) (8 marks) (2 marks) (8 marks)

10

Fig. Q6

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Q7.

A crab winch consists of a compound gear train and two pulleys as shown in Fig.Q7. The diameters of the effort and load pulleys are 280 mm and 220 mm respectively.

N1 = 30 teeth 1 2 3 4 N2 = 80 teeth N3 = 35 teeth N4 = 105 teeth W

E Fig Q7. (a) (b) (c)

Show that the velocity ratio is 10.18

(2 marks )

When using the machine, it was found that 160 N effort would lift a load of 670 N and 290 N effort would lift 1800 N. Determine the law of the machine. (6 marks ) For a load of 1500 N, calculate the actual effort, ideal effort and friction effort and hence the mechanical advantage and efficiency required to lift this load. (10 marks ) Calculate the power required to raise a load of 1000 N at a uniform speed of 0.05 m/s. (4 marks )

(d)

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/S12004 -7LIST OF FORMULAE = P A = L L y w or E= UTS w G=

see page 7 MM2105 / MM8311

Factor of Safety =

I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r

I = (d14 d24 ) 64

J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle)

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy

PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1 **************** /S12004