SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2007/2008 SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Bioengineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I Section II (4 questions @ 14 marks each) (3 questions @ 22 marks each) [56 marks] [44 marks]

3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer ALL questions in Section I and ANY TWO questions from Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 8. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 8 pages. ----------

2105sem12007-08

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-2Section I [56 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

MM2105 / MM8311

Q1. A cantilever beam 2 m long carrying a uniformly distributed load (UDL) is to be constructed of channel section as shown in FigQ1. The second moment of area about the neutral axis is 1.7797 x 106 mm4 and y = 23.667 mm. If the maximum tensile stress must not exceed 150 MN/m, (a) Calculate the maximum UDL it can carry. (b) Determine the maximum compressive stress experienced. (c) (7 marks) (4 marks)

Sketch the stress distribution diagram indicating the maximum compressive and tensile stresses. (3 marks)
160

mm

80 mm N

y= 23.667 mm
Flange & Web thickness 10 mm

Fig Q1. Q2. A hollow shaft is to transmit 2 MW at 2400 rev/min in a motor engine. The external diameter, D is to be 1.3 times the internal diameter, d. The maximum torque is 20 per cent greater than the mean torque. The maximum shear stress is limited to 150MN/ m. Determine (a) the mean torque and the maximum torque that can be transmitted. (b) the polar second moment of area of the hollow shaft in terms of d. (c) the external diameter, D of the shaft. 2105sem12007-08 (6 marks) (4 marks) (4 marks) see page 3

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q3. FigQ3 shows a simplified construction of an elevator. The electric motor is coupled directly to the sheave(pulley) and drives it. The sheave is a pulley with grooves on the circumference of its axle. The frictional torque in the sheave bearings is 40Nm. The lift cabin has a mass of 250 kg and ascends 25m in 20s. (a) Sketch the free-body diagrams for the lift cabin and the axle. (4 marks) (b) Show that the tension in the cables is T = 2483.75 N (5 marks) (c) Determine the torque required by the electric motor to raise the lift cabin. (5 marks)
axle

= 1m
sheave mass = 60kg radius of gyration = 0.8m electric motor

steel cables

lift cabin

FigQ3. Simplified Elevator Design.

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q4.

A 2 kg mass attached to one end of a 1.8 metre long cord is moved in a circular path of radius 1.2 metre as shown in Figure Q4a. The other end of the cord is fixed at point O. (a) (b) (c) (d) Sketch the free body diagram for the 2 kg mass. Determine the tension in the cord. Determine the angular speed of the 2 kg mass in revolutions per minute (rpm). Determine the tension in the cord required to keep the 2 kg mass moving in the horizontal circle at 30 rpm, as shown in Figure Q4b. O (3 marks) (4 marks) (5 marks)

(2 marks)

2 kg mass angular speed

Fig. Q4a

O 2 kg mass 30 rpm Fig. Q4b

2105sem12007-08

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-5Section II [44 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS

MM2105 / MM8311

Q5.

(5 marks) FigQ5 below shows a worm and wormwheel lifting machine. The wheel has 72 teeth and the meshing worm has a double-start thread keyed to a lever arm. The load is lifted by a cable wrapped around a drum 720 mm in diameter mounted on the wheel shaft. Worm n-start
Lever arm

Worm Wheel 72 Teeth

d
W FigQ5 : Worm & Wormwheel For 1 turn of the effort drum, the distance moved by the effort is 6.5 m while the distance moved by the load is 62.8 mm. In a test, a load of 1500 kg is lifted by an effort of 245 N applied at the end of a lever arm keyed to the worm shaft. (a) Show that the velocity ratio of the machine is 103.5 and determine the mechanical advantage and efficiency for a load of 1500 kg. (6 marks) (b) Calculate the friction effort at this load. ( 5 marks) (c) Find the output and input power required to lift the load at 40 mm/s. ( 8 marks) (d) What is the length of the lever arm R? ( 3 marks)

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see page 6 MM2105 / MM8311

Q6.

For the simply supported light beam shown in FigQ6, (a) (b) (c) (d) draw the free body diagram and show that the support reactions at B and D are 48kN and 82kN respectively. draw the shear force diagram indicating values at salient points and determine position of zero shear force from C. calculate the bending moment at salient points ( including points of zero shear force ) and draw the bending moment diagram. determine the points of contraflexure from E. (3 marks) (5 marks) (9 marks) (5 marks)

Use the graph papers provided in the answer booklet for this question Recommended scale for Free Body diagram Recommended scale for Shear force diagram Recommended scale for Bending moment diagram 1 cm to 1 m 1 cm to 20 kN 1 cm to 10 kNm

20 kN

30 kN

A
2m

B
1m

20 kN/m

E
2m

4m

Fig Q6.

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see page 7 MM2105 / MM8311

Q7.

A vehicle is accelerated from rest towards speed of 86.4 km/hr in a distance of 220 m up an inclined of 1 in 10. The total mass of the vehicle (including the wheels and axles) is 2000 kg. Each set of two wheels and one axle has a mass of 200 kg and a radius of gyration of 350 mm. The diameter of a wheel is 800 mm and the tractive resistance is 300 N. (a) Show that the total moment of inertia of the wheels and axles is 49 kgm2 (3 marks) (b) Calculate for a speed of 86.4 km/hr : (i) (ii) (iii) Kinetic Energy of Translation of the vehicle. Kinetic Energy of rotation of the wheels and axles. Total Kinetic Energy of the vehicle (2 marks) (2 marks) (1 mark ) (8 marks)

(c) Find the tractive effort using the energy principle and hence the power required (d) Determine how much further the vehicle could move up the incline after the tractive effort is removed assuming that the tractive resistance remains unchanged

(6 marks)

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2105sem12007-08 -8LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

see page 8 MM2105 / MM8311

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1 ****************

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