SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2007/2008 SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Bioengineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I Section II (4 questions @ 14 marks each) (3 questions @ 22 marks each) [56 marks] [44 marks]

3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer ALL questions in Section I and ANY TWO questions from Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 8. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 8 pages. ----------

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-2Section I [56 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q1. 50 mm

50 mm

MM2105 / MM8311

A beam having an I-cross section as shown in FigQ1, is simply supported at its ends over a span of 6 m and subjected to a concentrated load of 80 kN at mid-span. The centroid of the beam from the base A-A is 40.48 mm, and the second moment of area about the neutral axis is 4.867 x106 mm4. (a) Determine the maximum bending moment. (b) Calculate the maximum bending stresses induced. (c) Sketch the stress distribution diagram indicating where the maximum stresses occur. 50 mm (2 marks) (9 marks) (3 marks)

100 mm
50 mm

_ y = 40.48 mm A A

100 mm

Flange and Web thickness 20 mm. Fig Q1. Q2. A hollow steel shaft has an internal diameter (d) to external diameter (D) ratio of 0.6. It is required to transmit 5 MW when rotating at a constant speed of 300 rpm. If the shear stress is not to exceed 55 MN/m2, (a) (b) (c) show that the polar second moment of area J = 0.0855 D4 and hence calculate the value of D. calculate the minimum shear stress in the shaft. sketch the stress distribution diagram for this hollow shaft. (8 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks)

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q3.

A winch drum is used to lower a 22 kg lift cage vertically as shown in Fig Q3. The winch drum has a mass of 55 kg, an effective diameter of 0.6m and a radius of gyration of 0.45m.The friction torque at the drum bearing is 25 Nm. The cage is lowered from 10 m/s to rest under the action of the braking torque through a distance of 50m. (a) (b) (c) Sketch the Free Body Diagrams of the cage and the winch drum (4 marks) Determine the deceleration of the cage and tension in the cord. Find the braking torque required during deceleration. (5 marks) (5 marks)

Cable Smooth pulley

Motion

Cage

Winch Drum

Fig. Q3

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q4.

A body of mass 0.8 kg attached to the end of a light cable of length 0.7m is whirled in a horizontal circle. (a) (b) (c) Determine the magnitude and direction of the force to keep the mass moving at a speed of 75rpm. (5 marks) With the help of a free body diagram, determine the maximum cable tension if the body is whirled in a vertical circle at the same speed. (5 marks) With the help of a free body diagram, determine the least velocity (in m/s) required to keep the body in a vertical circular motion. (4 marks)

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-5Section II [44 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS

MM2105 / MM8311

(5 marks) Q5. A crab winch shown in Fig Q5 comprised of four spur gears forming a compound gear train that are enclosed in a gearbox. The diameters of the effort and load pulleys are 180 mm and 80 mm respectively. The velocity ratio of this machine is 18.

Effort Pulley

Gearbox

Load Pulley W Fig. Q5

Determine, (a) the law of the machine if an effort of 108.29 N is required to lift a load of 150 kg and an effort of 284.87 N is required to lift a load of 450 kg. (6 marks) (b) the actual effort, friction effort, mechanical advantage and efficiency in lifting a load of 250 kg. (8 marks) (c) the power required if the load of 250 kg is lifted at a velocity of 125 mm/s. (5 marks) (d) the gear ratio of the compound gear train. (3 marks)

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Q6. FigQ6 shows a span-by-span erection method of building a bridge. The length of the main truss (from A to B) is 22m. It carries 13 suspended slabs under it. Each slab in its suspended position weighs 2,000N and is 1m in width. The first suspended slab is 2m away from A. (Assume the suspended slabs are uniformly distributed). The winch is seen lifting another slab. The total weight of the winch and slab is 8,000 N and they are located 16m from A.

FigQ6.
2kN/m A C E 8kN B

2m

13m

FigQ6a.

10 0 m 1m m

6m

The space diagram of the main truss with the loadings are shown in Fig Q6a. Use the graph papers provided in the answer booklet for this question. Use the following scale: Free Body diagram (length of truss) Shear force diagram Bending moment diagram 1 cm to 2 m 1 cm to 2 kN 1 cm to 10 kNm

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(a) Sketch the free-body diagram of the main truss if it is simply supported at both ends. (2 marks) (b) Show that the reactions at the supports A and B are 18.14kN and 15.86kN respectively. (4 marks) (c) Sketch the shear force diagram and determine the position from A when the shear force is zero. (7 marks) (d) Sketch the bending moment diagram and determine the maximum bending moment acting on the truss. (9 marks)

Q7.

A four-wheel trolley of mass 40 kg starts from rest and rolls down a slope of 30 for 10 m as shown in Fig Q7. The moment of inertia about the axis of rotation of each axle and its two wheels is 0.01 kg m2. The effective wheel diameter is 0.1 m. The tractive resistance to motion is 45 N. Determine (a) (b) (c) (d) the work done against tractive resisitance from X to Y. (3 marks)

the velocity of the trolley when it reaches point Y using the Principle of Conservation of Energy. (11 marks) the total kinetic energy of the trolley at Y. the time taken for the trolley to move from X to Y. (5 marks) (3 marks)

XY = 10m X Y 30

Fig Q7. **********

2105sem2 2007-08 -8LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

see page 8 MM2105 / MM8311

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1 ****************

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