SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2008/2009 SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Bioengineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of 5 questions. Answer any FOUR questions. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 7. Take g = 9.81 m/s. The Reference Table for Simple Loadings is provided on page 8. This examination paper consists of 8 pages. ----------

2105sem2 2008-09

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-2ANSWER ANY FOUR QUESTIONS Q1.

MM2105 / MM8311

A cantilever beam of 4 m long carrying a uniformly distributed load is to be constructed of channel section as shown in Fig Q1. Tensile stress must not exceed 200 MN/ m2. Take E = 250 GN/ m2. The position of the centroid of the channel section, y from datum A-A is 32.22mm. (a) Show that the second moment of area about the neutral axis is 6.284 x 10-6 m4. (7 marks) (b) Determine the maximum UDL it can carry. (7 marks) (c) Calculate the radius of curvature. (3 marks)

(d) Calculate the maximum compressive stress and hence sketch the stress distribution diagram. (8 marks)

Flange and Web thickness 20 mm.

200

mm

100 mm

mm A

= 32.22 mm A

Fig Q1.

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-3Q2.

MM2105 / MM8311

(a) Fig Q2a shows a portion of a gear assembly in an automated machine. The gears are connected by a solid steel shaft with a diameter of 50mm. The modulus of rigidity of steel is 83 GN/m2. (i) Sketch the free body diagrams for the torques between AB and BC indicating the the direction and magnitude of each. (4 marks) (ii) Calculate the polar moment of area of the solid steel shaft. (2 marks)

(iii) Determine the direction and relative angle of rotation between Gear A and Gear C in degrees. (7 marks)
Gear A 1000 Nm Gear B Gear C

800 Nm

200 Nm

1.5 m

1.0 m

Fig Q2a : Gear Assembly. (b) An electric toy car, 420 grams is powered to move round the inside of a vertical circular track at 3.8 m/s. The track has a radius of 450 mm. (i) Sketch the free body diagrams when the electric toy car is at its lowest and highest position. (ii) Calculate the maximum normal reaction acting on the electric toy car. (iii) Calculate the minimum normal reaction acting on the electric toy car. (4 marks) (4 marks) (4 marks)

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q3. An object of mass 2 tonne is lowered down an incline of 1 in 8 by means of a cable wrapped round a hoist drum at the top of the slope as shown in Fig Q3. The hoist drum has a mass of 300 kg, with a radius of gyration of 700mm and effective diameter 1m. The friction torque at the drum bearings is 1.2 kNm, and the resistance to the motion of the object is 1.6 kN. A braking torque is applied on the hoist drum to bring the object to rest from 20 km/h in 6m. (a) Sketch the Free Body Diagrams for (i) the object (ii) the hoist drum. (b) Show that the moment of inertia of the hoist drum is 147 kgm2. (c) Show that (i) the retardation of the object is -2.58 m/s2 (ii) the angular retardation of the hoist drum is -5.16 rad/s2. (d) Determine the tension in the cord. (e) Determine the braking torque required at the drum. (3 marks) (3 marks) (2 marks) (4 marks) (2 marks) (6 marks) (5 marks)

Motion Hoist Drum Object 8 1

Fig Q3.

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q4. A 4-wheeled vehicle of total mass 1000 kg is moving down a slope from rest with a tractive effort of 450N to a speed of 40km/h at position 1 as shown in Fig Q4. It has two axles, each of which together with the wheels has a mass of 50 kg and radius of gyration of 280 mm about its axis of rotation. The diameter of each wheel is 600 mm. The tractive resistance is 300N. The slope has an incline of 1 in 10. (a) Show that the moment of inertia of each axle about its axis of rotation is 3.92 kgm2. (3marks) (b) Find the total kinetic energy of the vehicle for the speed of 40km/h. (5 marks) (c) Using the Principle of Conservation of Energy, calculate the distance travelled down the slope, S1. (6 marks) After the vehicle reaches 40 km/h, it travels along a level ground with the tractive effort removed. With the tractive effort removed and assuming that the tractive resistance remains the same, determine (d) the furthest distance travelled, S2 along the level ground before it comes to rest (6 marks) (e) the braking force FB required to bring the vehicle to rest in 100m. (5 marks) Vehicle travelling down a slope from rest

Position 1

S1

S2 10 1

Fig Q4.

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q5

(5 marks) A Worm and Wormwheel lifting machine has a 90 tooth wheel and a double start worm as shown in Fig.Q5. The effort drum diameter is 600 mm and a drum of diameter 250 mm lifts the load.

Double-start worm D = 600 mm Worm Wheel 90 Teeth E d = 250 mm

Fig.Q5 (a) (b) (c) (d) Calculate the velocity ratio. (3 marks)

When using this machine, it was found that 65 N effort would lift a load of 1.55 kN and 135 N effort would lift 4.25 kN. Determine the law of the machine. (6 marks) Calculate the actual effort, ideal effort, friction effort, mechanical advantage and efficiency in lifting a load of 550 kg. (11 marks) What is the decrease in efficiency for this machine in raising the same load if the friction effort is increased by 10%? (5 marks)

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2105sem2 2008-09 -7LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

see page 7 MM2105 / MM8311

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1

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see page 8 MM2105 / MM8311

Reference Table for Simple Loadings

Simply supported beam with central point load

Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

Cantilever beam with central point load

Cantilever beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

W w (N/m ) w (N/m ) L L

F B D

+W/2

+ wL/2

S F D

0
W/2

0
wL/2

0
W

0
WL

B M D

WL/4

+wL2/8

0 0 0 0

0
WL

wL2/2

Note: W denotes a concentrated (point) load and may be defined in Newton or kilo-Newton. w denotes a UDL and may be defined in Newton per metre or kilo-Newton per metre.

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2105sem2 2008-09