I. POX VIRUS
• Smallpox (variola)
- Person – person via infectious respiratory droplets and fragments of scalp from skin
lesion.
- Most infections w/ rash onset til 4 weeks
- Complications: pneumonia, dermatitis corneal ulcer; encephalitis
- Prophyloxis: active vaccination discovered by Jeisner
• Vaccinia or caupou
• Molluscum Contagionism
AIDS
- Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome
- A syndrome because it consist of several s/s
- 1st case was in 1981
- pathogen: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - an RNA retrovirus
a. HIV 1
- 1st invade dendritic cells in the genital & oral mucosa then fuse w/ CO4 & lymphocytes
(helper T cells)
b. HIV 2
- Reservoir: humans
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- Transmission: direct sexual contact, homosexual or heterosexual, sharing of contaminated
needles & syringes by IV drug abusers, contaminated blood transfusion, transplacental,
breast feeding, needlesticks, scalpel
- Incubation: 3 months to 10 yrs.
- Concentration: high in blood semen and vaginal secretion; saliva, tears, breast milk
- Virus is not very active so it must be high in concentration to cause infection.
- Signs & symptoms:
a. HIV: fever, rashes, headache, lympadenopathy, pharyngitis, myalgia, arthmalgia,
aseptic meningitis, depression, GI distress, night sweat, oral and genital ulcers.
b. AIDS: severe life-threatening, late clinical stage of infection w/ HIV. CD4 <400/ml leads
to immunosuppression, so the patient’s immune system will be unable to produce
antibodies against T-descendent antigen.
- Infections:
a. cytomegalovirus – herpes simplex
b. cryptosporidum & toxoplasma
c. mycobacteria – TB
d. candoda, cryptococcus, pneumocystis
- Complications:
.1 pneumonia – pneumocystis; non-productive cough of weeks duration; dyspnea, fever,
tachypnea.
.2 kaposis sarioma – rare vascular tremor in the lower limbs
.3 CNS – dementia, meningitis, focal lesions, retinitis
.4 GI Disease – diarrhea, esophagitis caused by cryptosporidium
.5 Lymphora – non hodg skin
.6 Fever of unknown origin
- Dx: screening – ELISA test (2x)
• Confirmatory – western blot
• Others: T4 cell count
- Tx: Anteretroviral drugs
• Prophylaxis to opportunistic infection
- Goal: prolong survival of HIV infected person
• There is NO TREATMENT for AIDS.