November 1, 2010 ModuleIV: Chapter2 and7 Notes: Suicide does not really have anything to do with the mind.

The PsychoSomatic Effect- went from nice to mean (personality change) after accident Phineas Gage- experienced TBI (traumatic brain injury). had steel rod blown through left cheek and entered brain at an angle. - b/c he had a physical injury he went from intelligent to not intelligent/ nice ---> mean - disorganized after injury so he could no longer keep RR job - TBI- one of signature injures of Iraq - personality changed from A to Z Brain receives information through the 5 senses and 50 percent of memory is dedicated to visual information. The rest is divided up among the other senses (12.5% each). Addictions = powerful sex, drugs, and gambling to overcome addiction, institutions make them stay for 30,60,90 days (b/c covered by insurance) Success rate = 10% (cured; wont relapse over) Relapse rate = 90% (failure rate) You can go though multiple institutions and still be addicted Structure and Function of the Brain (Mind): Whitman doesnt think neuroscience doesnt do a good job of teaching neurotransmission Neocortex = outer, newer part of brain that takes up 40% of brain matter (GRAY MATTER) Neo-cortex: -Neo means new, the new part of your brain. -Entire covering of your brain, not thick but takes up 40% of your brain. -Center of your conscious life (not while sleeping) -outer lining of brain -In brain, information compressed into smaller size (size of grapefruit) All the information in your brain is compressed. 3 main areas of the brain: 1) forebrain(frontof brain) - 2 hemispheres, 8 lobes. <---- SAME THING - 2 hemispheres tied together by corpus colossum - Corpus Colossum are made up by a band of nerve cells (book) only axons - portion of a neuron (NOT neurons) (transmit signal away from neurons) 2) midbrain(limbicsystemandcompressedby other2)

- made up of thalamus, hypo thalamus, amygdala (emotion), hippocampus. Sits under forebrain - Thalamus is linked to the hippocampus-(factual memory) - Hypothalamus and amygdala: EMOTION 3) hindbrain(backof brain) - three basic structures: medulla, pons, cerebellum (involuntary processes) TRUE:Lobes and hemispheres are exactly the same. (You can still have a hemisphere with a lobe, it is just broken up)

6 brain bridges (connect one part of brain to another, information is reciprocal) 1. corpus colosseum- ties together the 2 hemispheres - females have a faster transmission speed than male b/c of genetic code. (Better multitasking) 2. the pons- hind brain ties together the medulla and cerebellum 3. brain stem- connects the spinal cord with the hind brain 12.5 percent hearing touch taste and smell 4. caudate nucleus- refers to a chain of neurons carries information from the occipital lobes to the cerebral cortex (back to front). A chain of neurons (6 neurons) connection neocortex to occipital lobes and occipital lobes to prefrontal cortex. Prefrontal Cortex - part of frontal cortex (just the front) Carries information from occipital lobes to prefrontal cortex and neocortex. 5. RAS- (reticular activating system) ties all three parts of the brain together. huge like an interstate. 6. MFB- (medial fore brain bundle of neurons) connects midbrain to forebrain (emotion 1st goes to midbrain and then to forebrain) MEDIAL = MIDBRAIN 6 scans 1. MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2. CAT - CT scan, computer axial tomography(360 degree picture from computer) 3. FMRI - Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging costs more and it is the advance scan of the MRI. 4. PET - Positron Emission Tomography 5. EEG - Electro Encephalogram (oldest computer imaging) creates squiggles on paper made by electric brain activity and uses primarily for sleep disorders 6. SPECT - Single Photon Emission (bottom up information) Need to make person radioactive by placing radioactive isotopes in body (IV tubes). Isotopes travel to body tissue, which emits photons. Also it measures metabolism (rate of photon emission?)

 Broca-Wernicke: CC - corpus colosseum is made up of 80 million axons. - Broca left frontal responsible for speech - Wernicke left temporal responsible for understanding Hemispherectomy: surgically remove one hemisphere and see what the person looks like one year from now- they look normal, the other hemisphere take over everything the other was supposed to take care of.