USING OF SURPLUS HEAD OF WATER SUPPLY PIPE LINE

IN GENERATING HYDRO POWER:

A STUDY

By
Deepak Ramchandani
Executive Engineer
Monitoring Cell
GWSSB
Gandhinagar

August-2012
1

USING OF SURPLUS HEAD OF WATER SUPPLY PIPE LINE

IN GENERATING HYDRO POWER:
Concept :In irrigation canals hydro electricity is produced in falls which partially
compensate the requirement of electric power of lifting the water in
canal. Similarly in water supply pipe lines energy is consumed in lifting
the water to a certain head from which it is conveyed through gravity.
Due to geographical reason and obligatory points is unavoidable to
cross the ridges due to which potential head is available in water supply
pipe lines and energy consumed in lifting the water is never recovered,
but cost cutting is made by reducing diameter of the pipe line to
consume the surplus head available.
Even after reducing the diameter there is 6-10 mt residual head
available at terminal points or there are certain locations where water
falls could be planned on the pipe line. The machinery is designed for 15
years and pipe line is designed for period of 30 years, hence initially the
scheme does not run on 100% design discharge which results in
throttling of valves in manifold system to run the pumps nearer to duty
point, this is waste of energy.
Such type of surplus head could be used in production of hydroelectricity which shall recover some portion of energy consumed in lifting
the water.

Analysis:
Discussion and analysis is based on two actual water supply pipe lines
one is already commissioned in year 2003 and work of another pipe line
is in progress.
Calculation of hyro-electricity:The calculation of the actual power from pipe line after flow and head
are measured or estimated
The theoretical power equation is
P= Q x H x e x 9.81 Kilowatts (kW)
Where:
2

P = Power at the generator terminal, in kilowatts (kW).

Q = Flow in pipeline, in cubic metres per second (m3/s).
H = The gross head from the pipeline intake to the tailwater, in metres
(m)
e = The combined efficiency of the plant, considering head loss in the
pipeline and the efficiency of the turbine and generator, expressed by a
decimal (ie 60% efficiency 0.60)
9.81 = Gravitational Constant for converting flow and head to kilowatts.
All power systems produce less power than is theoretically available.
The losses in a hydro plant are: (a) losses in energy caused by flow
disturbances at the intake to the pipeline, friction in the pipeline, and
further flow disturbances at valves and bends; and (b) losses of power
caused by friction and design inefficiencies in the turbine and generator.
The energy losses in the pipeline and at valves and bends, are called
head losses: they represent the difference between the gross head and
the net head that is available at the turbine .The head losses in the
pipeline could range from 5 percent to 15 percent of the gross head, .
depending on the length of the pipeline and the velocity of the flow. The
maximum turbine efficiency could range from 80 percent to 90 percent
depending on the type of turbine, and the generator efficiency will be
about 90 percent. At this stage in the planning of your hydro plant, the
head losses can be combined with the losses in the tubine and
generator, and an overall plant efficiency of 60 percent (or e = 0.60) can
be used. Using e = 0.60 in Equation
Calculations : The calculations of KW productions in various units are as
under:

CALCULATION CHART OF KW GENERATION:

Maliya to Bhachau NC-9 pipe line

1) Considering 6 pumps running with 244.8 mld and water available
at terminal point after consumption is 200 mld with surplus head of
6.5 mts. The consideration is more than design capacity
Discharge

204.8 mld

Discharge

2.370 cum/second

Head available

5.82 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

81.20 KW

2) Considering 5 pumps running with 204 mld and water available at

terminal point after consumption is 164 mld with surplus head of
19.09 mts. Design capacity
Discharge

164 mld

Discharge

1.898 cum/second

Head available

19.09 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

213.28 KW

3) Considering 4 pumps running with 163.2 mld and water available

at terminal point after consumption is 123.2 mld with surplus head
of 30.1 mts. Intermediate capacity
5

Discharge

123.2 mld

Discharge

1.426 cum/second

Head available

30.1 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

252.63 KW

4) Considering 3 pumps running with 122.4 mld and water available

at terminal point after consumption is 83.4 mld with surplus head of
38.7 mts. Present Normal supply
Discharge
Discharge

82.4 mld
0.954 cum/second

Head available

38.7 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

217.24 KW

Comparison of Discharge, Surplus head and KW production

Discharge
204.8
164
123
82.4

300
250

Surplus KW
head
production
5.82
81.20
19.09
213.28
30.1
252.22
38.7
213.28

Discharge-Head-KW

200
150
100
50
0

Discharge

204.8

164

123

82.4

surplus head

5.82

19.09

30.1

38.7

KW production

81.20

213.28

252.22

213.28

From above it is observed that in variable flow the hydro-electricity

produced is about 200 KW in all the cases.

Dhanki to Maliya NC-31 pipe line

1) Considering 6 pumps running with water available at terminal
point after consumption is 545 mld with surplus head of 11 mts.
Discharge
Discharge
Head
available

545 mld
6.308 cum/second

11 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

408.41 KW

2) Considering 5 pumps out of 6 pumps running with water

available at terminal point after consumption is 454 mld with
surplus head of 37 mts.
Discharge
Discharge
Head
available

454 mld
5.255 cum/second

37 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

1144.36 KW

3) Considering 4 pumps out of 6 pumps running with water

available at terminal point after consumption is 365 mld with
surplus head of 59 mts
Discharge
Discharge
Head
available

365 mld
4.225 cum/second

59 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

1467.07 KW

4) Considering 5 pumps out of 6 pumps running with water

available at terminal point after consumption is 454 mld with
surplus head of 11 mts
Discharge

272.5 mld

Discharge

3.154 cum/second

Head
available

76 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

1410.87 KW

Comparison of Discharge, Surplus head and KW production

Discharge
545
454
365
272.5

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

surplus KW
head
production
11
408.41
37
1144.36
59
1467.07
76
1410.87

Discharge-Head-KW

Discharge

545

454

365

272.5

surplus head

11

37

59

76

408.41

1144.36

1467.07

1410.87

KW production

From above it is observed that in variable flow the hydroelectricity produced is about 1100-1400 KW in majority of time.

10

Dhanki to Maliya NC-31 pipe line (Without Change in diameter)

1) Considering 6 pumps running with water available at terminal
point after consumption is 545 mld with surplus head of 31 mts.
Discharge
Discharge
Head
available

545 mld
6.308 cum/second

31 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

1150.97 KW

2) Considering 5 pumps out of 6 pumps running with water

available at terminal point after consumption is 454 mld with
surplus head of 51 mts.
Discharge
Discharge
Head
available

454 mld
5.255 cum/second

51 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

1577.37 KW

11

3) Considering 4 pumps out of 6 pumps running with water

available at terminal point after consumption is 365 mld with
surplus head of 68 mts
Discharge
Discharge
Head available

365 mld
4.225 cum/second
68 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW calculations

1690.86 KW

4) Considering 5 pumps out of 6 pumps running with water

available at terminal point after consumption is 454 mld with
surplus head of 82 mts
Discharge

272.5 mld

Discharge

3.154 cum/second

Head
available

82 mt

Efficiency

60%

Gravitational
constant

9.81

KW
calculations

1522.25 KW

12

Comparison of Discharge, Surplus head and KW production

Discharge
545
454
365
272.5

surplus KW
head
production
31
1150.97
51
1577.37
68
1690.86
82
1522.25

Discharge-Head-KW
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

Discharge

545

454

365

272.5

surplus head

31

51

68

82

1150.97

1577.37

1690.86

1522.25

KW production

From above it is observed that in variable flow the hydro-electricity

produced is about 1500 KW in majority of time.

13

Cost of Project and Payback period:The cost of setting up a solar power generating unit is around
Rs 20 crore per megawatt while the cost of setting up a thermal
power plant is around Rs 4 crore per megawatt. The cost of
setting up a hydro power station is Rs 6 crore per megawatt.
Consideration for Revenue generation:
Considering cost of unit as Rs.2.25/ KW which shall be variable
as per power purchase agreement.
WHEELING CHARGES: The wheeling charges as given below
are applicable for use of distribution system of a licensee by
other licensees or generating companies or captive power
plants or users who are permitted open access under section
42(2) of the Electricity Act, 2003
For 11 KVA- 11 paisa/ unit
For 400 V-41 paisa/unit
Wheeling Losses in kind up to the respective voltage level at
which the wheeled energy is delivered are as follows:
Point of injection Point of energy delivered 11kV, 22 kV and
33 kV then for 11 kV 10% and for 400 Volts 17.64%
For injection point 400 volts losses are 12.07%
Therefore consider 15% transmission losses while evaluating
revenue
Net Revenue Rs 2.25- 0.41 ( maximum wheeling charges)=Rs
1.84/ unit.

For Maliya-Bhachau NC-9 for 200 KW the cost of project works out
Rs 6.0x200/1000=1.8 crores
Net Revenue Rs 2.25- 0.41 ( maximum wheeling charges)=Rs
1.84/ unit.
For 200 KW= 200x KW x Rs 1.84/unit x 24 hours x 365 days
x0.85 ( net excluding losses)= 2740128
I.e Rs 27.41 lacs/ year
14

Therefore payback period is 6.5 years

For Dhanki-Maliya NC-31 as per actual pipe line laid the cost of
1100 KW is worked out Rs 6.0x1100/1000=6.6 crores
Net Revenue Rs 2.25- 0.41 ( maximum wheeling charges)=Rs
1.84/ unit.
For 200 KW= 1100x KW x Rs 1.84/unit x 24 hours x 365 days
x0.85 ( net excluding losses)= 15070704
I.e Rs 150.70 lacs/ year
Therefore payback period is 4.5 years

For Dhanki-Maliya NC-31 as per actual pipe line laid the cost of
1400 KW is worked out Rs 6.0x1400/1000=8.4 crores
Cost of pipe line as per actual design
Diameter of MS Length
Rate/
pipe
in mt
mt
2300
63000
54984
2150
32000
48586
2000
22000
42581
Total

Amount in
Rs
3463992000
1554752000
936782000
5955526000

Cost of pipe without change in diameter

Diameter of MS Length
Rate/
Amount in
pipe
in mt
mt
Rs
2300
117000
54984 6433128000
Additional cost due to constant diameter: Rs 477602000 i.e Rs
47.76 crores, hence total cost shall be included in cost of
project i.e Rs 8.4+ Rs 47.76 crores=56.16, which may prove
uneconomical.
Net Revenue Rs 2.25- 0.41 ( maximum wheeling charges)=Rs
1.84/ unit.

15

For 200 KW= 1400x KW x Rs 1.84/unit x 24 hours x 365 days

x0.85 ( net excluding losses)= 19180896
I.e Rs 191.80 lacs/ year
Therefore payback period is 25 years
Hence it shall be concluded that the pipe line shall always be
designed economically and surplus head available in designed
pipe line shall only be used for production of hydro-electricity.

16

CHART FOR CALCULATION OF KW

17

SCHEMETIC DRAWING OF HYDRO-POWER PLANT

18

GRAPH FOR SELECTION OF TYPE OF TURBINE

19

CALCULATION SHEETS

20

21

RISING MAIN FROM MALIYA TO BHACHAU ( six pumps)

SIZE
From

To

Av. DD
mld

PF

Max
Mld

Loss
/km

loss

0
38000

244.8

1.2

293.8

1800

0.71

204.8

1.2

245.8

1600

0.91

HMG

GL

115.4
115.4

6.4

109

88.24

41

47.26

71.98

66

5.82

27.155

38000
17840

Eff
Hd

16.26

55840

RISING MAIN FROM MALIYA TO BHACHAU ( five pumps)

SIZE
From

To

Av. DD
mld

PF

Max
Mld

Loss
/km

loss

0
38000

204

1.2

244.8

1800

0.51

164

1.2

196.8

1600

0.60

GL

115.4
115.4

6.4

109

96.03

41

55.05

85.25

66

19.09

19.374

38000
17840

Eff
Hd

HMG

10.775

55840

RISING MAIN FROM MALIYA TO BHACHAU (Four pumps)

SIZE
From

To

Av. DD
mld

PF

Max
Mld

Loss
/km

loss

0
38000

163.2

1.2

195.8

1800

0.34

12.82

17840

123.2

1.2

147.8

1600

0.36

6.34

38000
55840

22

Eff
Hd

HMG

GL

115.4
115.4

6.4

109

102.6

41

61.60

96.24

66

30.08

RISING MAIN FROM MALIYA TO BHACHAU (three pumps)

SIZE
From

To

Av. DD
mld

PF

Max
Mld

Loss
/km

loss

0
38000

122.4

1.2

146.9

1800

0.2

7.52

17840

82.4

1.2

98.88

1600

0.17

3.01

38000
55840

23

Eff
Hd

HMG

GL

115.4
115.4

6.4

109

107.9

41

66.90

104.9

66

38.70

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

545 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.593
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.593
3.0242
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.593
2.9174
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.593
2.953
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.593
2.9708
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.593
2.9708
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.593
2.953
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.593
2.9708
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.593
2.9708
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.593
2.953
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.593
2.9708
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.593
2.9708
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.593
2.953
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.593
0.925
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2150
0.593
0.7827
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2150
0.8235 1.7542
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2150
0.8235
4.126
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2150
0.8235 4.1013
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2150
0.8235
4.126
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2150
0.8235
4.126
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2150
0.8235 4.1013
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2150
0.8235 4.0271
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2000
1.1713 6.0086
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2000
1.1713
5.833
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2000
1.1713 5.8681
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2000
1.1713 5.8681
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2000
1.1713
3.303

24

HMG
103.5
100.48
97.558
94.605
91.635
88.664
85.711
82.74
79.769
76.816
73.845
70.874
67.921
66.996
66.214
64.459
60.333
56.232
52.106
47.98
43.879
39.852
33.843
28.01
22.142
16.274
12.971

Effective
head
92.000
75.375
66.538
57.672
53.892
55.386
51.621
40.401
37.969
23.252
25.245
23.142
14.441
7.181
12.492
22.571
23.456
9.791
12.869
26.793
8.760
14.563
12.642
15.270
14.823
11.207
11.083

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

454 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.4228
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.4228 2.1562
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.4228 2.0801
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.4228 2.1054
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.4228 2.1181
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.4228 2.1181
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.4228 2.1054
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.4228 2.1181
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.4228 2.1181
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.4228 2.1054
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.4228 2.1181
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.4228 2.1181
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.4228 2.1054
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.4228 0.6595
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2150
0.4228 0.5581
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2150
0.5872 1.2507
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2150
0.5872 2.9417
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2150
0.5872 2.9241
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2150
0.5872 2.9417
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2150
0.5872 2.9417
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2150
0.5872 2.9241
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2150
0.5872 2.8712
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2000
0.8351
4.284
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2000
0.8351 4.1587
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2000
0.8351 4.1838
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2000
0.8351 4.1838
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2000
0.8351 2.3549

25

Assuming 5 out of 6
pumps running

HMG
103.5
101.34
99.264
97.158
95.04
92.922
90.817
88.699
86.58
84.475
82.357
80.239
78.133
77.474
76.916
75.665
72.723
69.799
66.858
63.916
60.992
58.121
53.837
49.678
45.494
41.31
38.955

Effective
head
92.000
76.243
68.244
60.225
57.297
59.644
56.727
46.360
44.780
30.911
33.757
32.507
24.653
17.659
23.194
33.777
35.846
23.358
27.621
42.729
25.873
32.832
32.636
36.938
38.175
36.243
37.067

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

363 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.2794
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.2794 1.4249
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.2794 1.3746
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.2794 1.3913
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.2794 1.3997
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.2794 1.3997
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.2794 1.3913
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.2794 1.3997
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.2794 1.3997
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.2794 1.3913
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.2794 1.3997
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.2794 1.3997
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.2794 1.3913
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.2794 0.4358
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2150
0.2794 0.3688
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2150
0.388
0.8265
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2150
0.388
1.944
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2150
0.388
1.9323
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2150
0.388
1.944
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2150
0.388
1.944
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2150
0.388
1.9323
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2150
0.388
1.8974
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2000
0.5519
2.831
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2000
0.5519 2.7482
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2000
0.5519 2.7648
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2000
0.5519 2.7648
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2000
0.5519 1.5562

26

Assuming 4 out of 6
pumps running

HMG
103.5
102.08
100.7
99.309
97.909
96.51
95.118
93.719
92.319
90.928
89.528
88.128
86.737
86.301
85.932
85.106
83.162
81.229
79.285
77.341
75.409
73.512
70.681
67.932
65.168
62.403
60.847

Effective
head
92.000
76.974
69.681
62.376
60.166
63.232
61.028
51.380
50.519
37.364
40.928
40.396
33.257
26.486
32.210
43.218
46.285
34.788
40.048
56.154
40.290
48.223
49.480
55.192
57.849
57.336
58.959

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

272.5 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.1643
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.1643 0.8378
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.1643 0.8082
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.1643 0.8181
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.1643
0.823
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.1643
0.823
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.1643 0.8181
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.1643
0.823
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.1643
0.823
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.1643 0.8181
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.1643
0.823
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.1643
0.823
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.1643 0.8181
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.1643 0.2563
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2150
0.1643 0.2168
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2150
0.2282
0.486
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2150
0.2282
1.143
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2150
0.2282 1.1362
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2150
0.2282
1.143
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2150
0.2282
1.143
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2150
0.2282 1.1362
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2150
0.2282 1.1157
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2000
0.3245 1.6646
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2000
0.3245 1.6159
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2000
0.3245 1.6257
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2000
0.3245 1.6257
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2000
0.3245 0.9151

27

Assuming 3 out of 6
pumps running

HMG
103.5
102.66
101.85
101.04
100.21
99.39
98.572
97.749
96.926
96.108
95.285
94.461
93.643
93.387
93.17
92.684
91.541
90.405
89.262
88.119
86.983
85.867
84.202
82.587
80.961
79.335
78.42

Effective
head
92.000
77.561
70.834
64.103
62.470
66.112
64.482
55.410
55.126
42.544
46.685
46.729
40.163
33.572
39.448
50.796
54.664
43.964
50.025
66.932
51.864
60.578
63.001
69.847
73.642
74.268
76.532

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

Without diameter change

545 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.593
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.593
3.0242
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.593
2.9174
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.593
2.953
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.593
2.9708
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.593
2.9708
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.593
2.953
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.593
2.9708
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.593
2.9708
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.593
2.953
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.593
2.9708
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.593
2.9708
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.593
2.953
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.593
0.925
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2300
0.593
0.7827
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2300
0.593
1.263
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2300
0.593
2.9708
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2300
0.593
2.953
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2300
0.593
2.9708
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2300
0.593
2.9708
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2300
0.593
2.953
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2300
0.593
2.8997
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2300
0.593
3.042
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2300
0.593
2.953
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2300
0.593
2.9708
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2300
0.593
2.9708
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2300
0.593
1.6722

28

HMG
103.5
100.48
97.558
94.605
91.635
88.664
85.711
82.74
79.769
76.816
73.845
70.874
67.921
66.996
66.214
64.951
61.98
59.027
56.056
53.085
50.132
47.232
44.19
41.237
38.267
35.296
33.624

Effective
head
92.000
75.375
66.538
57.672
53.892
55.386
51.621
40.401
37.969
23.252
25.245
23.142
14.441
7.181
12.492
23.063
25.103
12.586
16.819
31.898
15.013
21.943
22.989
28.497
30.948
30.229
31.736

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

Without diameter change

454 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.4228
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.4228 2.1562
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.4228 2.0801
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.4228 2.1054
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.4228 2.1181
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.4228 2.1181
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.4228 2.1054
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.4228 2.1181
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.4228 2.1181
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.4228 2.1054
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.4228 2.1181
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.4228 2.1181
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.4228 2.1054
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.4228 0.6595
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2300
0.4228 0.5581
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2300
0.4228 0.9005
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2300
0.4228 2.1181
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2300
0.4228 2.1054
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2300
0.4228 2.1181
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2300
0.4228 2.1181
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2300
0.4228 2.1054
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2300
0.4228 2.0674
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2300
0.4228 2.1688
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2300
0.4228 2.1054
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2300
0.4228 2.1181
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2300
0.4228 2.1181
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2300
0.4228 1.1922

29

Assuming 5 out of 6
pumps running

HMG
103.5
101.34
99.264
97.158
95.04
92.922
90.817
88.699
86.58
84.475
82.357
80.239
78.133
77.474
76.916
76.015
73.897
71.792
69.674
67.556
65.45
63.383
61.214
59.108
56.99
54.872
53.68

Effective
head
92.000
76.243
68.244
60.225
57.297
59.644
56.727
46.360
44.780
30.911
33.757
32.507
24.653
17.659
23.194
34.127
37.020
25.351
30.437
46.369
30.331
38.094
40.013
46.368
49.671
49.805
51.792

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

Without diameter change

363 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.2794
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.2794 1.4249
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.2794 1.3746
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.2794 1.3913
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.2794 1.3997
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.2794 1.3997
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.2794 1.3913
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.2794 1.3997
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.2794 1.3997
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.2794 1.3913
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.2794 1.3997
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.2794 1.3997
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.2794 1.3913
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.2794 0.4358
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2300
0.2794 0.3688
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2300
0.2794 0.5951
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2300
0.2794 1.3997
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2300
0.2794 1.3913
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2300
0.2794 1.3997
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2300
0.2794 1.3997
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2300
0.2794 1.3913
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2300
0.2794 1.3662
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2300
0.2794 1.4333
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2300
0.2794 1.3913
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2300
0.2794 1.3997
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2300
0.2794 1.3997
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2300
0.2794 0.7879

30

Assuming 4 out of 6
pumps running

HMG
103.5
102.08
100.7
99.309
97.909
96.51
95.118
93.719
92.319
90.928
89.528
88.128
86.737
86.301
85.932
85.337
83.937
82.546
81.146
79.747
78.355
76.989
75.556
74.164
72.765
71.365
70.577

Effective
head
92.000
76.974
69.681
62.376
60.166
63.232
61.028
51.380
50.519
37.364
40.928
40.396
33.257
26.486
32.210
43.449
47.060
36.105
41.909
58.560
43.236
51.700
54.355
61.424
65.446
66.298
68.689

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DHANKI-MALIYA PIPE LINE

Without diameter change

272.5 MLD

Friction
losses Loss in
CHAINAGE Difference LEVEL
I.L
Diameter
/ km
section
0
24.942 11.500
2300
0.1643
5100
5100
28.901 25.101
2300
0.1643 0.8378
10020
4920
34.820 31.020
2300
0.1643 0.8082
15000
4980
40.733 36.933
2300
0.1643 0.8181
20010
5010
41.543 37.743
2300
0.1643
0.823
25020
5010
37.078 33.278
2300
0.1643
0.823
30000
4980
37.890 34.090
2300
0.1643 0.8181
35010
5010
46.139 42.339
2300
0.1643
0.823
40020
5010
45.600 41.800
2300
0.1643
0.823
45000
4980
57.364 53.564
2300
0.1643 0.8181
50010
5010
52.400 48.600
2300
0.1643
0.823
55020
5010
51.532 47.732
2300
0.1643
0.823
60000
4980
57.280 53.480
2300
0.1643 0.8181
61560
1560
63.615 59.815
2300
0.1643 0.2563
62880
1320
57.522 53.722
2300
0.1643 0.2168
65010
2130
45.538 41.888
2300
0.1643 0.3499
70020
5010
40.527 36.877
2300
0.1643
0.823
75000
4980
50.091 46.441
2300
0.1643 0.8181
80010
5010
42.887 39.237
2300
0.1643
0.823
85020
5010
24.837 21.187
2300
0.1643
0.823
90000
4980
38.769 35.119
2300
0.1643 0.8181
94890
4890
28.939 25.289
2300
0.1643 0.8033
100020
5130
24.701 21.201
2300
0.1643 0.8427
105000
4980
16.240 12.740
2300
0.1643 0.8181
110010
5010
10.819 7.319
2300
0.1643
0.823
115020
5010
8.567
5.067
2300
0.1643
0.823
117840
2820
5.388
1.888
2300
0.1643 0.4633

31

Assuming 3 out of 6
pumps running

HMG
103.5
102.66
101.85
101.04
100.21
99.39
98.572
97.749
96.926
96.108
95.285
94.461
93.643
93.387
93.17
92.82
91.997
91.179
90.356
89.533
88.715
87.912
87.069
86.251
85.428
84.605
84.142

Effective
head
92.000
77.561
70.834
64.103
62.470
66.112
64.482
55.410
55.126
42.544
46.685
46.729
40.163
33.572
39.448
50.932
55.120
44.738
51.119
68.346
53.596
62.623
65.868
73.511
78.109
79.538
82.254

32