LAB # 03

Exercise#1: - Perform the indicated tasks using SIMULINK.

(a) Find the step response of the following transfer function.
G(S) = 1 S+1

1 s+1 Step Transfer Fcn Scope

(b) Differentiate the ramp function and check the result on the scope.

(a)

Amplify sine wave using gain block.

(d) Simulate the JK flip-flop in toggle mode and copy resultant waveform in your answer book.

LAB # 04
Exercise#1: (a) Find Step response of the system when n = 0.1 rad/sec = 0.2, 0.5, 0.81, 2.5 2
n G(S) = S2 + 2nS +n2

>> num = 0.01; >> den1 = [1 0.04 0.01]; >> u = step(num,den1); >> den2 = [1 0.1 0.01]; >> x = step(num,den2) >> den3 = [1 0.162 0.01]; >> y = step(num,den3); >> den4 = [1 0.5 0.01]; >> z = step(num,den4); >> plot(u) >> hold on >> plot(x) >> plot(y,'*') >> plot(z,'-.')

1.6 = 0.2 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 = 2.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

= 0.5 = 0.81

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(a)What is the effect of increasing the value of . By increasing the damping ratio the oscillation in the system decreases.

Exercise#2: (a) Find impulse response of the system when n = 0.1 rad/sec = 0.2, 0.5, 0.81, 2.5
n2 G(S) = S2 + 2nS +n2

>> u = impulse(num,den1); >> x = impulse(num,den2); >> y = impulse(num,den3); >> z = impulse(num,den4); >> plot(u)

>> hold on >> plot(x) >> plot(y,'*') >> plot(z,'-.')

0.08 = 0.2 0.06

0.04

= 0.5

= 0.81 0.02

= 2.5

-0.02

-0.04

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Exercise#3: (a) Find ramp response of the system when n = 0.1 rad/sec = 0.2, 0.5, 0.81, 2.5
n2 G(S) = S2 + 2nS +n2

>> t = 0:0.01:5;

>> r =t; >> u = lsim(num,den1,r,t); >> x = lsim(num,den2,r,t); >> y = lsim(num,den3,r,t); >> z = lsim(num,den4,r,t); >> plot(u) >> hold on >> plot(x) >> plot(y) >> plot(z,'-.')
0.2 = 0.2 0.18 0.16 = 0.5 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 = 0.81

= 2.5

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Exercise#4:
(a) Find step, ramp and impulse response of the system when n = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 rad/sec = 0.2 n2
G(S) = S2 + 2nS +n2

>> num1 = [0.01]; >> den1 = [1 0.04 0.01]; >> num2 = [0.04]; >> den2 = [1 0.08 0.04]; >> num3 = [0.25]; >> den3 = [1 0.2 0.25]; >> num4 = [1]; >> den4 = [1 0.4 1]; >> u = step(num1,den1); >> x = step(num2,den2); >> y = step(num3,den3); >> z = step(num4,den4); >> plot(u) >> hold on >> plot(x,'+') >> plot(y) >> plot(z,'-.')
1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 n = 0.1 n = 0.2 n = 0.5 n= 1

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>> plot(u) >> hold on >> plot(x,'+')

>> plot(y) >> plot(z,'-.')

1 0.8

0.6 n = 1 0.4 n = 0.5 n = 0.2 n = 0.1 0

0.2

-0.2

-0.4

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>> t = 0:0.01:5; >> r =t; >> u = lsim(num1,den1,r,t); >> x = lsim(num2,den2,r,t); >> y = lsim(num3,den3,r,t); >> z = lsim(num4,den4,r,t); >> plot(u)
5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 n = 0.2 n = 0.1 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 n = 1

n = 0.5

>> hold on >> plot(x,'+') >> plot(y,'o') >> plot(z,'-.')

DC-DC Converters
There are three kinds of switching mode DC-DC converters, buck, boost and buckboost. The buck mode is used to reduce output voltage, whilst the boost mode can increase the output voltage. In the buck-boost mode, the output voltage can be maintained either higher or lower than the source but in the opposite polarity. The simplest forms of these converters are schematically

These converters consist of the same components, an inductor, , a capacitor, and a switch, which has two states and . All converters connect to a DC power source with a voltage (unregulated), and provide a regulated voltage, to the load resistor, by controlling the state of the switch. In some situations, the load also could be inductive, for example a DC motor, or approximately, a current load, for example in a cascade configuration. For simplicity, here, only current and resistive loads are to be considered.

Simulink Model
These three modes of DC-DC converters have been uniformly implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink as show in Figure~\ref{fig:simulinkmodel}.

The model can be configure with a number of parameters as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:simulinkmodelparameters}. These parameters are: the capacitance, , inductance, , the internal resistance of the capacitor and the inductor, and respectively. Three converter modes can be selected through the pull-down menu. One can also define either zero or non-zero value to the initial capacitor voltage by selecting or de-selecting the ``zero capacitor voltage'' option. Finally, the option ``Positive Inductor Current'' defines whether the condition should be enforced or not.

buck1.m

%A case of Buck DC-DC converter C=440; L=20; RC=0.002; RL=0.001; Vor=5; Vin=24; Vc0=5; ILmin=0;

Description
This switched power supply converts a 30V DC supply into a regulated 15V DC supply. The model can be used to both size the inductance L and smoothing capacitor C, as well as to design the feedback controller. By selecting between continuous, discrete and fixed-point controllers, the impact of discretization and using limited numerical precision can be explored. If you have SimElectronics, see the elec_switching_power_supply model model for a detailed version that uses N-Channel MOSFETS to capture the switch-on/switch-off timing of the devices, this depending primarily on the gate capacitance values and the PWM driver output resistance. http://www.mathworks.com

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