Electricity and Magnetism II - Homework Assignment 6

Alejandro G omez Espinosa March 13, 2013

Jackson, 9.12 An almost spherical surface dened by R() = R0 [1 + P2 (cos )] (1)

has inside of it a uniform volume distribution of charge totaling Q. The small parameter varies harmonically in time at frequency . This corresponds to surface waves on a sphere. Keeping only lowest order terms in and making the long-wavelength approximation, calculate the nonvanishing multipole moments, the angular distribution of radiation, and the total power radiated. Let us calculate the charge density for this surface. Since Q = V , where V is the volume, then: = using the approximation described in (1): = Then, the multipole moments: Qlm = Ql0 = = = = =

3Q Q = V 4R3

3Q 3 [1 + P (cos )]3 4R0 2

(2)

d3 x rl Ylm

3Q 3 4R0

2l + 1 Pl (cos ) rl r2 sin dr d d 4 (1 + P2 (cos ))3 2l + 1 4

3Q 2Rl+3 3 (l + 3) 4R0 3QRl 2(l + 3) 3QRl 2(l + 3) 3QRl 2(l + 3) 3QRl 2(l + 3)

Pl (cos ) sin d (1 + P2 (cos ))3

2l + 1 4 2l + 1 4 2l + 1 4

Pl (cos )(1 + P2 ())l d(cos )

0 1

Pl (x)(1 + lP2 (x)) d(x)

1 1 1

Pl (x) dx +
1 1

lP2 (x)) d(x)

2l + 1 2 (l,0 + ll,2 ) 4 2l + 1

gomez@physics.rutgers.edu

where from the second term we found that the non-vanishing multipole moments are those with l = 2, therefore: 3QR2 Q2,0 = (3) 5 5 For the power radiated, let us compute it using equation (9.151): Z0 dP (l, m) = 2 |a(l, m)|2 |Xlm |2 d 2k In the case of the long wavelenght limit, equation (9.169): aE (l, m) = thus, aE (2, 0) = = |a(2, 0)|2 = = From Table 9.1 in Jackson: |X20 |2 = Plugging (7) and (6) into (4): dP (l, m) Z0 27c2 k 8 2 4 2 15 9Z0 c2 k 6 2 4 2 2 = 2 Q R sin2 cos = Q R sin cos d 2k 6250 8 3200 2 Finally for the total power, let us integrate (8) over all possible solid angles: P = = = 9Z0 c2 k 6 2 4 2 Q R sin2 cos d 3200 2 9Z0 c2 k 6 2 4 2 Q R 2 sin2 cos d 3200 2 0 3Z0 c2 k 6 2 4 2 Q R 2000 (8) ck 4 15 3 3QR2 2 5 5 ck l+2 i(2l + 1)!! l+1 l
1/2

(4)

Qlm

(5)

3ck 4 3 QR2 25 10 9c2 k 8 3 2 4 2 Q R 625 10 27c2 k 8 2 4 2 Q R 6250 15 sin2 cos 8

(6)

(7)

Jackson, 9.14 An antenna consists of a circular loop of wire of radius a located in the x-y plane with its center at the origin. The current in the wire is I = I0 cos t = Re I0 eit (9)

(a) Find the expressions for E, H in the radiation zome without approximations as to the magntude of ka. Determine the power radiated per unit solid angle. The elds in the radiation zone are given by the superposition, as described in equation (9.149): H= eikrit kr (i)l+1 [aE (l, m)Xlm + aM (l, m)n Xlm ]
l,m

(10) (11)

E = Z0 H n where aE = aM = i k2 l(l + 1) k2 i l(l + 1)

c Ylm

[rjl (kr)] + ik (r J)jl (kr) r

d3 x

(12) (13)

(r J)jl (kr) + M Ylm

[rjl (kr)]) r

But in this case, for (12) the charge density and the intrinsic magnetization are zero. Then, the current density is given by: 1 J = I0 eit (r a) (cos ) r (14)

Since the current density is in the direction of , r J = 0. Therefore, the electric multipole vanishes and the aM will keep only the rst term. Using (14) and m = 0 due to azimuthal symmetry, aM = = = = = k2 i i i i i l(l + 1) k2 l(l + 1) k2 l(l + 1) k2 l(l + 1) k 2 I0 l(l + 1)
3 Yl 0 (r J)jl (kr ) d x 3 Yl 0 (I0 (r a) (cos ) )jl (kr ) d x

Yl 0 Yl 0

1 (i0 (r a) (cos ))jl (kr) d3 x r sin I0 (r a) (cos )jl (kr) d3 x r

1 3 Yl 0 (r a) sin (cos )jl (kr ) d x r

= =

k 2 I0 i i l(l + 1) k 2 I0 l(l + 1)

2ajl (ka) 2ajl (ka)

2 Yl 0 sin (cos ) d

(2l + 1) 4

Pl (cos ) sin2 (cos ) d

= ik 2 I0 ajl (ka) = ik 2 I0 ajl (ka) = ik 2 I0 ajl (ka)

(2l + 1) l(l + 1) (2l + 1) l(l + 1)

Pl (x) 1 x2 (x) dx d ( 1 x2 Pl (x)) dx

x=0

(2l + 1) Pl1 (0) l(l + 1)

Plugging this expression into (10) and (11) to have the radiated elds. (b) What is the lowest nonvanishing multipole moment (Ql,m or Ml,m )? Evaluate this moment in the limit ka 1. From the equation for aM , we can see that the lowest multipole coecient is when l = 1, then M10 = = = Finally, in the limit when ka M10 1: 1 ka 1 ka + ka 6 ka 2 = 3I0 a2 2 (15) 3 aM (1, 0) 2ik 3 3 3 j1 (ka)P0 (0) iI0 k 2 a 3 2 2ik 3 3I0 a sin(ka) cos(ka) 2k k 2 a2 ka

3 3I0 a = 2k