Electricity and Magnetism II - Homework Assignment 10

Alejandro G omez Espinosa April 29, 2013

Jackson, 11.13 An innitely long straight wire of negligible cross-sectional area is at rest and has a uniform linear charge density q0 in the inertial frame K . The frame K (and the wire) move with a velocity v parallel to the direction of the wire with respect to the laboratory frame K. (a) Write down the electric and magnetic elds in cylindrical coordinates in the rest frame of the wire. Using the Lorentz transformation propierties of the elds, nd the components of the electric and magnetic elds in the laboratory. In the frame K, we have stationary charge density since the frame is at rest. Then, since the charge is not moving we can immediately said that B = 0, and the electric eld is the simple case of a density charge of a wire:
r

E dS
0

= =

q0 0 q0 r 2r

Then, we can use relations (11.148) of Jacksons book and place the wirte along the z direction. Since the electric eld in K is along r, the electric and magnetic eld for K and K are zero in the z direction. Therefore we only need to calculate the perpendicular ones: Ez = Ez = 0 Bz = Bz = 0 E = E + v B = E = B = B v E = q0 r 20 r

vq0 (v z Er ) = 2 2 c c 20 r

(b) What are the charge and current densities associated with the wire in its rest frame? In the laboratory? In the rest frame K, the charge density is q0 and the current density is 0. In the case of the frame K, because J = (c, J i ), the correspond charge and current density are: = = q0 Jx = Jy = 0 J z = Jz = (v ) = vq0

gomez@physics.rutgers.edu

(c) From the laboratory charge and current densities, calculate directly the electric and magnetic elds in the laboratory. Compare with the results of part a. For the electric eld: r q0 E= EdA = r 0 20 r 0 For the magnetic case: B dl = B = 0 J S 0 vq0 2r dS

Jackson, 11.15 In a certain reference frame a static, uniform, electric eld E0 is parallel to the x axis, and a static, uniform, magnetic induction B0 = 2E0 lies in the x-y plane, making an angle with the axis. Determine the relative velocity of a reference frame in which the electric and magnetic elds are parallel. What are the elds in that frame for 1 and (/2)? Let us use the frame K as the frame described by the problem, where E = E0 x and B = 2E0 cos x + 2E0 sin y . Then, let us call the frame K, moving at speed v , the one where the electric and magnetic eld are parallel with each other. Therefore: Ex = (Ex By ) = (E0 2E0 sin ) Ey = (Ey + Bx ) = 2E0 cos Ez = Ez = 0 Bx = (Bx + Ey ) = 2E0 cos By = (By + Ex ) = (2E0 sin E0 ) Bz = Bz = 0 Now, in order to nd the angle we can use the fact that E and B are parallel: E B = (Ex By Ey Bx )z = 0

0 = ( (E0 2E0 sin ) (2E0 sin E0 ) 2E0 cos 2E0 cos )

2 0 = 2 E0 (1 2 sin )(2 sin ) 4 cos2 2 0 = 2 E0 2 sin 4 sin2 + 2 2 sin 4 cos2 2 0 = 2 E0 2 2 sin 5 + 2 sin

v c

25 16 sin2 4 sin

Once we calculated the relative velocity of the frame K we can use it to calculate the two cases in the problem. For 1: 5 25 16 sin2 2 v = lim c c 0 4 sin 5 and the elds are: 4 Ex = E0 Ey = E0 Ez = 0 5 4 2 Bx = E0 By = E0 Bz = 0 5 5 where = (1
4 1/2 25 )

5 . 21

In the case of /2: v = lim and the elds: Ex = (E0 E0 ) = 0 Bx = 0 where = (1 1/4)1/2 = Jackson, 11.27 . (a) A charge density of zero total charge, but with a dipole moment p, exists in reference frame K . There is no current density in K . The frame K moves with a velocity v = c in the frame K. Find the charge and current densities and J in the frame K and show that there is a magnetic dipole moment, m = (p )/2, correct to rst order in . What is the electric dipole moment in K to the same order in ? According to the problem, in the frame K the four-current is J = (c , 0). Then in the frame K, we can use the regular transformations: c = (c J ) = c J = (J + c ) = c = c Then, the dipole moment is described by the relation: p= xd3 x (1)
2 . 3

/2

25 16 sin2 c c= 4 sin 2 Ey = 0 E0 3 ) = E0 2 2 Ez = 0 Bz = 0

By = (2E0

and the dipole moment in the case of the K frame: m = = = = 1 x J d3 x 2 1 x (c) d3 x 2 1 x d 3 x 2 1 p 2

Now, in the case of the dipole electric moment, we can use relations 11.19 of Jacksons book for the coordinates: x 0 = ( x 0 + x) = x 0 + x 1 x = x + ( x ) + x0 x + x0 2 where using the rst order in : = (1 2 )1/2 1. Therefore: p = = x d 3 x (x + x0 ) d3 x x d3 x = p

(b) Instead of the charge density, but no current density, in K , consider no charge density, but a current density J that has a magnetic dipole moment m. Find the charge and current densities in K and show that to rst order in there is an electric dipole moment p = m in addition to the magnetic dipole moment. In this case, the four-current in the frame K is given by J = (0, J ) and from the continuity equation: J + =J =0 (2) t Using the correspondent transformations, the four-current in the frame K are described by: c = (c + J ) = J 1 1 ( J ) + c = J + ( J ) J = J + 2 2 Solving the last relation by J : J =J 1 1 ( J ) = J c J

using the rst order in for the approximation 1. Then, for the electric dipole moment in the frame K: p = = = = = = = = = x d 3 x 1 x( J ) d3 x c 1 x( J) d3 x c 1 ( (x J) + J( x)) d3 x c 1 1 (x J) d3 x + J( x) d3 x c c 1 1 m+ ( (x J) x( J)) d3 x c c 1 2 m x( J) d3 x c c 2 mp c 1 m c 1 2 1 2 1 2

Finally, for the magnetic dipole moment: m = = = x Jd3 x x J d3 x (x + x0 ) J d3 x x0 2 J d3 x

= m + m