METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION In order to answer my research questions, I replicated a research design used in the previous studies. I have no experience in doing an educational research so it is a little difficult for me to design my own research design and methods of data analysis. So it is best for me to replicate the research design from the previous studies regarding the same area of interest. This chapter will elaborate more on the methodology used in conducting this research. The methodology includes the research design, the methods of data collections and the methods of data analysis. These three elements will be elaborated in different parts of this chapter. As a first time researcher, the methods used to collect the data and to analyze them might be less efficient from the view of experienced researchers. The methods used to collect the data suggested in this chapter might not be the best out of the instruments available for educational researches, but the current researcher has decided that the methods chosen are the best for the population sample.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN In order to conduct this research, I used mix method approach in which I simultaneously collected both qualitative and qualitative data using a questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Both of the methods are employed to find out the teachers and students perception about using visual aids in teaching and learning literature in ESL classroom. For the first step, I used a questionnaire for the students to answer. The questionnaire is set to find out about the relation of students learning preferences to their perception of using visual aids in literature classroom. The questions are set to indicate the students learning styles and preferences in the earlier part and their perception about the usage of visual aids in literature class in the latter part. For the second step, I conducted a face-to-face interview for both the teachers and the students. The interview is to find out about their perceptions of using visual aids in literature classroom. The findings from the interview will be analysed to see the relation of students perception about the usage of visual aids and their learning preferences. The findings from the interviews will be analysed to fulfill one of the objective of this study which is the students reaction to the usage of visual aids in teaching literature and the teachers perception of using the visual aids in their teaching.

3.2 INSTRUMENTATION As this research will include both qualitative and quantitative data, I will use two types of instrumentation in collecting the data. The instruments that I have chosen for this research are questionnaire and face-to-face interview. For the purpose of gathering the quantitative data, questionnaire will be used as the instrument. The questionnaire used will contain questions about the students perspective of the usage of visual aids in literature classroom. According to BusinessDictionary.com, questionnaire is a list of research or survey questions asked to respondents and designed to extract specific information. In this study, the purpose is to collect appropriate data regarding the students perspective of using visual aids in literature classroom. Other than that, the questionnaire is used to find out about the students general preferences, interests and learning styles. In gathering quantitative data, face-to-face interview is conducted for both the students and teachers. The purpose of the interview is to gather the information about the teachers feeling in using visual aids in literature classroom and the students reaction in using the visual aids in literature classroom. This interview will also conducted to find out about the perspectives, views and motivation of the students and teachers in using visual aids in learning literature. The interview is semi structured and is conducted approximately for 15-20 minutes for each participant. I tried to keep the interview within the appropriate length of time.

3.3 POPULATION AND SAMPLING The respondents for the questionnaire are students from six different schools in Kuantan, Pahang. Each school will send out around 30 students so altogether there are 180 students to answer the questionnaire. The number of sample is able to generalize the population and also appropriate for an educational research as the number of sample suggested should be 100 and above. The target population is all the secondary students in Malaysia and the accessible population is the 180 students and 20 teachers of secondary schools in Kuantan, Pahang. For qualitative data, the participants for the interview will be selected using purposive data. The participants will be selected from the 180 students and 20 teachers of secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang. The sampling method is the most suitable as I need to choose the best participants out of all the students who answer the questionnaire. As for the teachers, Im intended to interview all 20 teachers from the six different schools. This is because there are a lot of information needs to be extracted from the teachers experience in teaching literature. For the purpose of choosing the participants for the interview, the sampling will be done by analyzing the data from the questionnaires. The main criteria in choosing the participants are the participants must consist of students with different learning styles and preferences. A few of the samples that suit this criterion will be chosen for the interview.

3.4 DATA COLLECTION The main tool in gathering the data is the questionnaire and the interview itself. All the information pertaining to the objectives of this study is derived from the questionnaire and interview findings. Each question in the questionnaire and the questions of the interview are structured to cater to prove the objectives and answer to the research questions. The questionnaire is structured using questions that are easy to be answered thus easier to be analysed. The questions are the same in the survey and the items in each question can be easily analysed for the variables. The questionnaires will be distributed to the six secondary schools in Kuantan that have been chosen as the accessible population. Each school will send out 30 students to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire will be collected later after a certain period of time which is approximately around seven days. After the questionnaire are gathered and analysed, I will selectively choose the participants from the 30 students of each school. The questionnaire needs to be analysed first as I need to choose students with variety of learning styles to suit the purpose of the interview. Then only the interview will be conducted. The information gathered from the interview will answer the first and second research questions which regards to the perspectives of using visual aids in teaching and learning literature of both the teachers and students.

3.5 DATA ANALYSIS In analyzing quantitative data, it will involve numerical and score. For this purpose, I will analyse the data collected from the questionnaire and sort out the data according to the information needed in order to answer my research questions and objectives. The data collected will be divided into categories according to the questions in the questionnaires. The findings will be presented in a form of table in Excel spreadsheet and on SPSS. After the data have been analysed and interpret according to the objectives of this study, I will discuss about the limitations and strength of the data collected. In analyzing the data collected from the interview, I will replay the recording of each interview in order not to miss any important information. I will listen to each recording over and over again. Other than that, I will also interpret and conclude the data gathered from the interview and relate it to answer my research questions. I will also write my reflections of every participant I interviewed. During the interview, I will also ask the participants whether the meaning of what they are trying to convey match the meaning I made from my interpretation. To ensure that the information from the interview are discussed thoroughly, I will discuss my findings with other researcher too in order to gather more information and opinions regarding this study. In analyzing the data, I will also integrated the data critically and relate each participants answers with their background, motivation and personal preferences.