Appendix A: Conversion Factors and Equivalents

Temperature F = (C 9/ 5) + 32 C = (F -32) 5 /9 F -0.4 +14 23 26.6 28.4 30.2 32.0 33.8 35.6 37.4 41.0 50.0 68.0 86.0 122.0 212.0 257.0 302.0 347.0 392.0 437.0 482.0 527.0 572.0 C -18 -10 -5 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 2 3 5 10 20

Inches to Millimeters in = mm 0.03937 mm = in 25.4 in

1 1 1

Ounces to Grams oz = gm 0.0352739 gm = oz 28.349527 oz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 32 grams 28.35 56.7 85.05 113.4 141.75 170.1 198.45 226.8 255.15 283.5 453.6 907.18

Pounds to Kilograms lbs = kg 2.205 kg = lbs 0.454 lbs 1 3 5 7 9 20 40 60 80 kg 0.454 1.36 2.3 3.18 4.08 9.07 18.14 27.21 36.28

mm 0.3969 0.794 1.5875 3.175 6.35 12.7 19.05 25.4 50.8 76.2 101.6 127.0

/ 64 / 32 / 16 /8 /4 /2 /4

1 1

1 3

1 2 3 4 5

Conversion Factors 30 50 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 milli centi deci From lbs/ft 2 lbs/in2 (psi) gallons (gal) gal/min miles To kg/m2 kg/cm 2 liters (l) l/sec km Metric Units meters liters kilo deka grams hecto Multiply by 4.88241 0.070307 3.78533 0.063088 1.609

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Appendix A: Conversion Factors and Equivalents

Appendix B: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Material Names

B.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Table B.1. Abbreviations and Acronyms Listed Alphabetically with Commonly Used Names

Abbreviations AA ABA ABS AC ACM ACPES ADC AEC AGE AMMA AMS AN APET ASA ASTM AZ BA BBP BO BOPP BR BS Buna CA CAA CAB CAD

Names Acetic Aldehyde Acrylonitrile-butadieneacrylate Acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene Acetate Acrylate rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene Allyl diglycol carbonate Acrylonitrile ethylene styrene Allylglycidylether Acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate Alpha methyl styrene Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile American Society for Testing Materials Azodicarbonamide Butyl acrylate Benzyl butyl phthalate Biaxially oriented Bioriented polypropylene Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene Polybutadiene Cellulose acetate Computer-aided analysis Cellulose acetate butyrate Computer-aided design

Abbreviations CAE CAN CAP CF CFC CM CMC CN COPE CP CPE CPET CPVC CR CS CSPE CTA CTE CTFE DAC DAF DAIP DAM DAMP DAOP DAP DEP

Names Computer-aided engineering Cellulose acetate nitrate Cellulose acetate propionate Cresol-formaldehyde Chlorofluorocarbon Chloro-polyethylene Carboxymethyl cellulose Cellulose nitrate (celluloid) Copolyester elastomer Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber or neoprene rubber Casein Chlorosulfonated polyethylene Cellulose triacetate Coefficient of thermal expansion Chlorotrifluoroethylene Diallyl chlorendate Diallyl fumarate Diallyl isophthalate Diallyl maleate Diallyl metaphthalate Diallyl orthophthalate Diallyl phthalate Diethyl phthalate (Contd.)

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Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

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Table B.1. (Contd.)

Abbreviations DSC EA EBA EC ECO ECTFE EEA EMA EMAC EPDM EPR EPS EPT ETFE EVA EVAL EVE FC FEA FEP FF FPVC GMTP GPPS GR-1 GR-N GRP GR-S HCFC HDPE

Names Differential scanning calorimetry Ethyl acrylate Ethylene butyl acrylate Ethyl cellulose Epichlorhydrin rubber Ethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene Ethylene ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer Ethylene-propylene rubber Expandable (or expanded) polystyrene Ethylene-propylene terpolymer Ethylenetetrafluoroethylene Ethylene-vinyl acetate Ethylene-vinyl alcohol Ethylene-vinyl ether Fluorocarbon Finite element analysis Fluoronated ethylene propylene Furan-formaldehyde Flexible polyvinyl chloride Glass mat reinforced thermoplastic General purpose polystyrene Butyl rubber Nitrile rubber Glass reinforced plastic Styrene butadiene rubber Hydrochlorofluorocarbon High density polyethylene

Abbreviations HIPS HMW HMW-HDPE H-NBR HPT IIR IM IR LCM LCP LIM LLDPE LMC LPE LPIM LSR LWP MA MABS MAN MBS MC MCO MDA MDPE MEK MEKP MF MI

Names High impact polystyrene High molecular weight High molecular-weight, highdensity polyethylene Hydrogenated nitrile rubber Holding-pressure time Butyl rubber (isoprene rubber) Injection molding Isoprene rubber (synthetic) Liquid composite molding Liquid crystal polymer Liquid injection molding Linear low density polyethylene Low pressure molding compound or low molecular weight Linear polyethylene Low pressure injection molding Liquid silicone rubber Lost wax process Maleic anhydride Methylmethacrylate ABS Methyl acrylonitrile Methacrylate-butadienestyrene Methyl cellulose Moldability and cost optimization Methylene dianiline Medium density polyethylene Methyl ethyl ketone (solvent) Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Melamine formaldehyde Melt index

(Contd.)
Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms Plastics Design Library

225
Table B.1. (Contd.)

Abbreviations MIM MMA MMW MPDA MPF MPPO MQ NBR NC NCR NIR NR NSR OPP OPR OPS OSA P PA PAA PAE PAEK PAH PAI PAK PAMS PAN PAR PAS PB PBAN PBI

Names Metal injection molding Methyl methacrylate Medium molecular weight M-phenylene diamine Melamine phenol formaldehyde Modified PPO Dimethylsilicone elastomer Nitrile butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, or GR-1 Nitrocellulose Acrylonitrile chloroprene nitrate Acrylonitrile isoprene rubber Natural rubber (polyisoprene) Nitrile-silicone rubber Oriented polypropylene Propylene oxide rubber Oriented polystyrene Olefin-modified styreneacrylonitrile Phenyl Polyamide (nylon) Polyacrylic acid Polyarylether Polyaryletherketone Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polyamide-imide Polyester alkyd Polyalpha-methylstyrene Polyacrylonitrile Polyarylate Polyarylsulfone Polybutylene Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile Polybenzimidazole

Abbreviations PBR PBS PBT PBZ PC PCA PCDP PC/PBT PCT PCTFE PE PEA PEBA PEC PEEK PEI PEK PEKEKK PEKK PEN PEO PEP PEPA PES PET PETG PF PFA PFF PI PIB

Names Polybutadiene-vinyl pyridene Polybutadiene-styrene Polybutadiene-terephthalate Polybenzobisoxazole Polycarbonate Polycarbonate-acrylic Polydicyclopentadiene Polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate Polycyclohexylene dimethylene-terephthalate Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Poly(ethyl acrylate) Polyether block amide Polyphenylene ether copolymer Polyetheretherketone Polyetherimide Polyetherketone Polyetherketoneetherketoneketone Polyetherketoneketone Polyethylene naphthalate Polyethylene oxide Polyethylene polymer Polyether-polyamide Polyethersulfone Polyethylene-terephthalate Polyethylene-terephthalate glycol Phenol formaldehyde (phenolic) Perfluoroalkoxy Phenol furfural Polyimide or isoprene rubber Polyisobutylene (Contd.)

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Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

226
Table B.1. (Contd.)

Abbreviations PIR PMA PMCA PMI PMMA PMP PMQ PMS PO POM POP PP PPA PPE PPE/PPO PPMS PPO PPOX PPS PPSS PPSU PPT PS PSB PSU PTFE PTMG PUR PVAC PVAL PVB PVCA PVC PVDC

Names Polyisocyanurate Polymethyl acrylate Polymethyl-n-chloroacrylate Polymethacrylimide Polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic or plexiglass) Polymethyl pentene Phenylsilicone elastomer Paramethyl styrene Polyolefin Polyoxymethylene (acetal) Polyoxypropylene Polypropylene Polyphthalamide Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene ether / polyphenylene oxide Polypara-methylstyrene Polyphenylene oxide Polypropylene oxide Polyphenylene sulfide Polyphenylene sulfide sulfone Polyphenylene sulfone Polypropylene-terephthalate Polystyrene Polystyrene butadiene rubber (GR-S, SBR) Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetramethylene glycol Polyurethane Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl butyral Polyvinyl chloride acetate Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinylidene chloride

Abbreviations PVDF PVDM PVFM PVIE PVK PVP PVT RIM RMPS RP RPBT RPVC SAN SB SBR SBS SCR S-EPDM SFT SIR SIS SLA SMA S/MMA SMS SPE SPI SR SR SRP STL TAC TCE TFE TPA

Names Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyvinyl fluoride Polyvinyl formal Polyvinyl isobutyl ether Polyvinyl carbozole Polyvinyl pyrrolidone Pressure-volume-temperature Reaction injection molding Rubber modified polystyrene Reinforced plastic Reinforced PBT Rigid PVC Styrene-acrylonitrile Styrene-butadiene Styrene-butadiene rubber Styrene-butadiene-styrene Styrene chloroprene rubber Sulfonated-EPDM Screw-forward time Silicone isoprene rubber Styrene-isoprene-styrene Stereolithography Styrene maleic anhydride Styrene/methyl methacrylate Styrene methylstyrene Society of Plastics Engineers Society of the Plastics Industry Polysulfide rubber Synthetic rubber Styrene-rubber plastic File format used for stereolithography models Triallyl cyanurate Trichloroethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Terephthalic acid (Contd.)

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

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227
Table B.1. (Contd.)

Abbreviations TPI TPO TPP TPS TPU TPV TPX TSSC UF UHMWPE ULDPE UP UPVC UR

Names Thermoplastic polyimide Thermoplastic polyolefin Triphenyl phosphate Toughened polystyrene Thermoplastic polyurethane Thermoplastic vulcanizate Polymethylpentene Toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide Urea formaldehyde Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Ultra low density polyethylene Unsaturated polyester Unplasticized PVC Urethane

Abbreviations V VA VAE VC/E VCM VC/MA VD VDC VLDPE VMQ VP VPE VT XLPE XMC XPS Vinyl

Names Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetate ethylene Vinyl chloride/ethylene Vinyl chloride monomer Vinyl chloride/methylacrylate Vinylidene Vinylidene chloride Very low density polyethylene Vinylsilicone elastomer Virgin plastic Vulcanized polyethylene Vinyl toluene Cross linked polyethylene Extra high strength molding compound Expandable polystyrene

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Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

228

B.2

Material Names

Although standards and recommendations exist for polymer abbreviations and names, they are widely disregarded. Names in particular are subject to considerable variation. For example, you may see polymethylmethacrylate rendered as polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl-methacrylate, poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl-methacrylate). Table B.2.1 offers the most commonly-used forms regardless of standard, and provide alternatives only where these are more than variants in orthography.

Table B.2. Amorphous and Semicrystalline Thermoplastics Listed by Polymer Name

Common Name Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Acrylonitrile Chlorinated Polyethylene Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate Cellulose Acetate Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Cellulose Acetate Propionate

Abbreviation ABS ACS ASA CA CAB CAP

Alternative Name(s) Acrylonitrile Styrene Chlorinated Polyethylene Acrylate Styrene Acrylonitrile, Polyacrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile Cellulose Diacetate, Cellulose Ethanoate Cellulose Acetobutyrate, Cellulose Ethanoate Butanoate Cellulose Acetopropionate, Cellulose Propionate, Cellulose Propanoate

Form Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous

Cellulose Nitrate Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Chlorortrifluoroethylene Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Ethyl Cellulose Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Ethylene Ethyl Acrylate Ethylene Propylene Copolymer Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Ionomer Perfluoroalkoxyethylene Polyacrylonitrile Polyamide Polyamide Imide

CN CPVC CTFE COC EC ECTFE EEA EPM ETFE EVA EVAC EVAL EVOH FEP ION PFA PAN PA PAI Nylon Perfluoroalkoxyalkane Perfluoroethylene Propylene Polyethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Cyclic Olefinic Copolymer

Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous (Contd.)

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

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Table B.2. (Contd.)

Common Name Polyamide/ABS Polyarylamide Polyarylate Polyaryletherketone Polyarylsulfone Polyarylsulfone Polybutylene Polybutylene Terephthalate Polycarbonate Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Polycarbonate/Polybutylene Terephthalate Polychlorortrifluoroethylene Polycyclohexylenedimethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modfied Polyetheretherketone Polyetherimide Polyetherketone Polyetherketoneketone Polyethersulfone Polyethersulfone Polyethylene Polyethylene Cross-linked Polyethylene Cross-linked Polyethylene High Density Polyethylene High Density Polyethylene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Linear Medium Density Polyethylene Low Density Polyethylene Low Density Polyethylene Medium Density Polyethylene Medium Density Polyethylene Oxide Polyethylene Oxide

Abbreviation PA/ABS PARA PAR PAEK PAS PASU PB PBT PC PC/ABS PC/PBT PCTFE PCTG PEEK PEI PEK PEKK PESU PES PE XLPE PEX HDPE PE-HD PE-LLD LLDPE LMDPE LDPE PE-LD PE-MD MDPE PEO PEOX

Alternative Name(s) Nylon/ABS

Form Amorphous Semicrystalline Amorphous

Polyarylether

Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline

Cross-linked Polyethylene Cross-linked Polyethylene High Density Polyethylene High Density Polyethylene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Linear Medium Density Polyethylene Low Density Polyethylene Medium Density Polyethylene Medium Density Polyethylene

Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline (Contd.)

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Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

230
Table B.2. (Contd.)

Common Name Polyethylene Terephthalate Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycolmodified Polyethylene Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ultra Low Density Polymethylmethacrylate Polymethylpentene Polyoxymethylene Polyphenylene Ether Polyphenylene Oxide Polyphenylene Oxide/Polyamide Polyphenylene Sulfide Polyphenylsulfone Polypropylene Polystyrene Polystyrene High Impact Polystyrene Syndiotactic Polysulfone Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethene Linear Polyvinyl Alcohol Polyvinyl Alcohol Polyvinyl Chloride Polyvinyl Chloride Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized Polyvinyl Fluoride Polyvinylidene Chloride Polyvinylidene Fluoride

Abbreviation PET PETG PE-UHMW UHMWPE ULDPE PMMA PMP POM PPE PPO PPO/PA PPS PPSU PP PS HIPS SPS PSUL PSU PTFE PUR PVAL PVOH PVC PVC-C PPVC PVC-P PVCU PVC-U UPVC PVF PVDC PVDF

Alternative Name(s)

Form Semicrystalline Amorphous

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ultra Low Density Polyethylene TPX Acetal, Polyacetal, Polyformaldehyde

Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous

Polyphenylene Oxide/Nylon

Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous Semicrystalline Amorphous

High Impact Polystyrene Syndiotactic Polystyrene

Amorphous Semicrystalline Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline

Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Semicrystalline Semicrystalline Semicrystalline (Contd.)

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms

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Table B.2 (Contd.)

Common Name Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene Butadiene Styrene Maleic Anhydride Styrene Methylmethacrylate Trimethylhexamethylene Terephthalamaide

Abbreviation AS SAN SB SMA SMMA TMDT

Alternative Name(s)

Form Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous

Polyamide Aromatic Transparent

Amorphous

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Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms