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CS/APR 2006/MAT422

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME : : :

MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATION MAT422 APRIL 2006 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of ten(10) questions. Answer ALL questions. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 6 printed pages.
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CS/APR 2006/M AT422

QUESTION 1 a) Given the sets

S=

(1,2,3

20}

A = { x : x is a multiple of 3} B = {x : x is a prime number} Find the following i) A\B ii) (A u B)' (2 marks)

b)

Simplify the following expression by using the laws of set theory: (A' n B)' \ ( B u C ) (6 marks)

c)

Shade the region given by (A' n B)' \ ( B u C )

(2 marks)

QUESTION 2 a) Construct a truth table to determine whether the following are logically equivalent: b v ~(a A ~b) s ~a v b (4 marks)

b)

Construct a truth table to determine whether: ~p v (q A ~r) => (~p v q) v r (6 marks)

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QUESTION 3 a) By using the laws of logic, show that ~(a v b) -> ~b is a tautology. (5 marks)

b)

By using the rules of inference, show that the argument below is valid. P -> (q -> 0 p v s ~s A ~r ~q

(5 marks)

QUESTION 4 a) Given the statement: "If it is not raining, then she washes the clothes." i) ii) Write, in words, the converse of the statement above, Write, in words, the contrapositive of the statement above. (2 marks)

b)

Given the following argument: "Sheela gets a raise if and only if she works hard. Sheela buys a new car if she gets a raise. Sheela does not buy a new car." i) ii) iii) Write the 3 primary propositions in the argument above using the variables p, q and r. Write all the premises in the argument using the variables in (i). Find the logical conclusion of the argument by using the rules of inference. (8 marks)

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QUESTION 5 a) Determine the truth value of the following quantified statements. Explain your answer by giving an example or counterexample. i) Vx (x2 > 0 ) ; universal set = Z, the set of all integers, 3 ii) By (y + 2 = 0); universal set = R, the set of all real numbers, iii) Vy Vx (xy < 80); universal set = {2, 4, 6, 7, 9} iv) 3y Vx (y < x); universal set = N, the set of all natural numbers (6 marks)

b)

Let p(x) and q(x) be the following open statements: p(x): x is a driver q(x): x obeys the traffic rules Write the statements below symbolically using quantifiers: i) Some drivers do not obey the traffic rules, ii) All drivers obey the traffic rules. (2 marks)

c)

Write the negation of the following statements i) n < 5 or m = 0 ii) For all real numbers x < - 1 , (x2 - x - 2) > 0 (2 marks)

QUESTION 6 a) State the definition of a rational number. (2 marks)

b)

Prove by using the forward-backward method: If p is an even integer and q is an odd integer, then (pq)2 is an even integer. Your answer should have an analysis of the proof and the condensed proof. (8 marks)

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QUESTION 7 a) State the method of proof used if during the backward process, the following statements are encountered: i) B : There is an "object" with a "certain property" such that "something happens." ii) B : For all "objects" with a "certain property," "something happens." (2 marks)

b)

S and T are two sets defined by: S = {real numberx : x2 - x - 6 < 0} T = {real number x : - 2 < x < 3} Use the choose method to prove that S c T . Your answer should have an analysis of the proof and the condensed proof. (8 marks)

QUESTION 8 a) Briefly explain the contradiction method and the contrapositive method in proving the conditional statement A -> B. (3 marks)

b)

Prove by using the contradiction method: If n - 1, n and n + 1 are consecutive positive integers, then the cube of the largest cannot be equal to the sum of the cubes of the other two. Your answer should have an analysis of the proof and the condensed proof. (7 marks)

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QUESTION 9 a) Explain when mathematical induction is used to prove a statement. (2 marks) Use mathematical induction to prove that for every n e Z+,

b)

2 i-i
i=1

=2

n_

(8 marks)

QUESTION 10 a) State the definition of upper bound. (1 mark)

b)

Explain when the method of specialization is used to prove the conditional statement A->B. (2 marks)

c)

Prove the following: If R is a subset of a set S of real numbers and u is an upper bound for S, then u is an upper bound for R. Your answer should have an analysis of the proof and the condensed proof. (7 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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