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org

.. : ()
Yatsenko S.A. ANCIENT TURKS: COSTUME IN A COLOR IMAGES
Summary
Three most interesting collections of the color images of Early Turks are analyzed. There are the
sarcophaguses and funerary couches of Sogdians and other Northern Barbarinas form the Western
China of the end of the 6th-7th cc. AD; the wall painting of the Hall of Ambassadors in
Afrasiab/Samarkand of the 3rd quarter of the 7th c.; the wall painting and painting on textiles of Uygur
kingdom in Xinjiang of the late 9th 11th cc. They give the interesting and partly unique information
about the costume of Early Turkic peoples.
.. : .

. VI X .:
VI-VII . .., /
VII . IX XI .
.

VI X .:
VI-VII . .., / VII .
IX XI .
.
,
551 ., ,
- , .
, ( ),
, .

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
,
. ,
(1).
.

. 1. - -
( , - , . -). ..
,

2007
.
Fig. 1.Early Turkic statue Chengis-khan the object of modern adoration (Tuva Republic, BarunKhemchik region, near Bizhiktig-Khaya village). Photo of Marina E. Kilunovskaya, 2007.
-XI . ( , ,
, )
, ( ,
, , ).

. :

- 2- . VI
. VII ., VII . / ,
, , , ,
( ) 2- . IX XI . (2).
(, )
,

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. , ,
. ,
.
(, 2000, . 296-304; Yatsenko 2004; ,
2006, . 246-247).
.
(. 1) , ,
, ,
, (., : , 2003, . 238);

(.: , 2007, . 126-128). ,
,

-
(490-480 . ..), VII
( XI,
) (., : Cohen, 2006, p. 192).
1. -

3- . VI . VII .,
.. , 618 . .. (.
2).

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. 2.
2- . VI . VII . : 1 (Yu Hong) , 592 ., .
, ( .., 2001, . 34; . 14); 2
(An Qie), 579 ., . (. ), (Juliano,
Lerner,
2001,
p.
226,
fig.
4).
Fig. 2. Marble funerary constructions of the officials of Central Asian origin of the 2nd half of the 6th
the beg. of the 7th cc. from Northern China: 1 sarcophagus of Yu Hong and his wife (592 AD) from
Taiyuan, Sui dynasty (after Wenwu, 2001/1, p. 34, fig. 14); 2 funeral couch of An Qie (579) from Xian,
Northern Zhou dynasty (after Juliano, Lerner, 2001, p. 226, fig. 4).

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
, ,
(3).
,
,
(., : .., 2001, . 4-26, . 12;
.., 2001, . 27-52; Marshak, 2001, p. 228-264; An Jia [Qie] Tomb, 2003; Lerner, 2005;
Juliano, 2006a, p. 293-316). -
( ),
- .
, (
) . , ,
, ..
.
( , ),

. -,
, , ,
, (4). ,
, , (5).

(An Qie) (6) ( (]
). , 579 . .. . (7);
( . ) ( .., 2001, . 4-26; . 12;
Juliano, 2006, p. 295). .

(553-572) , , (572-581),
, ,
(8). , ,
,
. ,
( beq) (
) (,
, ..) ( (?), (?)).
.. (Marshak, 2004, p. 25), ,
, (9). ,
( ) , , -
( ,
). , ,
, , , (
).

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
. 3. (An Jia
[Qie] Tomb, 2003, pl. 54) ( ..
).
[I]Fig. 3. An Qie meeting with a noble Turk (after An Jia
[Qie] Tomb, 2003, pl. 54).

(. 3),
(?)
- (
).
:
,

.

,
12 . , ..

(, ,
, ..

);
(. ).

,
(

(?)
;
). (
),
.
.
( ),
. -
.
;
.
. , , .. (
, ),
, ( ).
,
( - ) ,
.
- (., : , 2006, . 49,
1), (
, . 181, 40; 184). , (

, )
, -

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(.
III
. 9).
, ( ?)
( , )
.
( ).
( ,
) , ( ).
, :
( ), ;
(,
, ),
. , ,
(
);
: . 8, 18).
. 4. (An
Jia [Qie] Tomb, 2003, pl. 63) ( ..
).
Fig. 4. An Qie banquet with a noble Turk (after An Jia
[Qie]
Tomb,
2003,
pl.
63).

(?) (. 4).
-,
,
;
;
.

,

.
:
,
(
-, : ,
1981, . 17, 1), ,
, .
(
)
.
.

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, -
( , ,
). , , ,
, , , ).
, ,
, . ,
, (. 3), ,

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( )
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. -,
.
( ).
, , ;
, (
) (
); ,
. -.
( ) , ,
.
, ; ,
. : ,
, , .
VI-VII .
(Miho Museum) ; , ,
.
. ,
, sagdid . ,
.
; (Miho Museum, 1997, p.
250, fig. C; Juliano, Lerner, 2001, p. 309, fig. K) (. 5).
(!) (?), .
.
, .

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. 5.
(, . ) (Miho Museum, 1997, p.
250, fig. C) ( .. ).
Fig. 5. Panel of the funerary couch from Miho Museum,
(Shigaraki, Japan) (after Miho Museum, 1997, p. 250, fig.
C).

. ,
, ,

, (, ,
)
(?). :

;
,
. ,
, ,
,
( ).
, .
, ,
(

), (
, )
(
VIII-IX .)
(10).

,

VI VII . ,
590 . (11). : ,
.
.
. , , , ,
(, , ).
, .
. -,
. -,
. -, ,
(?). -,
. .
( ) : ,
- ( ?).
.
, , .
, - ( ?)

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
. , ( ?) , ,
- .
, (
, , ).
: .
:
, ,
, .
(Yu Hong),
592 . (
) . (. ) ( .., 2001, . 27-52).
,
, , . ,
;
.
, , (., : Juliano, 2006b, p. 29),

, .
,
; .;
, ,
( ,
,
).
Fig. 6. 4 ( )
(592 .) . ,
. . .
( .., 2001, . 36, . 19).
Fig. 6. The marble sarcophagus of Yu Hong (592 AD),
panel 4 (northern wall, eastern panel). The hunting scene of
Turkic man (after Wenwu, 2001/1, p. 36, fig. 19).

4 (. 6).
, .
:
, ,
;
( ) .

,
(
)
(.: .., 2001, . 38,
. 20 . 36, . 17). -
, (), (
); .
. (,
?) , (. ,

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).
(.
). ( - )
.
(, ). - ,
( ).
, , .
, ( ) ,
.
( ,
).
()
- -
(.: , 2006, . 179; . 121, 35).
,
(.: , . 181, 49-50 182, 19);
( ) (, )
. ,
, -
, ( ) . ,
,
() , .
,
( , . 57, 2 58, 9;
59, 2; 60, 5; 62, 3). (
IV-VI . , , )
(. )
. , VI .
, .

( , ).
, - (.: , . 59,
2-3; );
( , . 60, 1-2). -
, ( , . 59, 1, 34). ,
- ( ,
).
,
-
, .
( ? ?
, ?).
2. ( , ) VI-VII .
.. ,

. .
, , - .
(Grnwedel, 1912, S. 180, Fig. 415)

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
. 7.
.

(),
VI-VII
.
(Grnwedel, 1912, S. 180, Fig. 415).
Fig. 7. The peoples of the World
mourn the Buddha. Fragment of the
wall painting in the Cave of Maya.
Qizil (Mingoi), 6th-7th cc. AD (after
Grnwedel, 1912, S. 180, Fig. 415).

, ,
.

. , ,
( ), . (
) (. :
). ,
.
-,
II-III . ..

.
(, 1966, . XIX, 83). ,
- - ,
IX-X . ( ) (Grnwedel, 1912, Fig. 566).
. , ,
, (., ,
, - - :
, 1999, . 104, 1). 2- .
XI . XIII . .
(, 1974, 4, 7, 11, 14, 43, 53, 58, 133, 327, 358, 698, 1092, 1129, 1233, 1234,
1284, 1287, 1300, 1302).
( , . 31, 273),
( ) ( , . 12, 45).

( ).
( ..)
/ ( , II
(57-38 . ..: , 2006, . 125) / ( , . 183).
,
. , IX .,
, , ,
, (., : Maillard, 1973, pl. 150b; ,
2000, . 64, 3-4); ( )
.

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
,
. : ,
.
.
3. () 3- VII . ..
1965 . ,
, ( 23, I;
III).
(, ,
), , ,
, .
,
, .. .. ( ),

, (12). (
, , ,
: Mode, 1993, S. 74). , ,

( . : Silvi
Antonini, 1989, p. 109-144), ,
().
1966 .
.. (, 1975).
- (
), (
, ).
1978 .
.. : -
. , .
1978 .
1994 . .. .. . ,
.. ..
(, , 2005, . 122-137; . : Arzhantseva, Inevatkina, 2006, p. 185211). , , ..
(
,
), ( -)
. ,
. , ,
.
(Yatsenko, 2004) -
, , .. .. ,
( ) (13).
1990-

, , , .
.
:
,

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
,


VII . .., (.. , .. , . , ..
. .. );
. , , ,

( ). , .. .. ,
, - (!),
/ (14) (Azarpay, 1981, p. 61-63). .. ,
,
, , .., ,
, (,
1999, . 71-72, 75-76, 77-79). ,
- , -
,
(Compareti, Christoforetti, 2004; 2007, p. 25) .. ,
, (
), - ,

(., : , , 1986, . 34).
, ,
,
. ,
( .,
, .. [, 1983; 1987]
[, 1986] , ).
: ,
,
, , , ,
. , ,
( -
) ,
(15).
,
(, ..
, ,

,
: , 1999, . 76). ,
, , .
,
, ( )
( ), ,
(.: Yatsenko, 2004, p. 1-43; , 2006, . 248-262, 267-274, 337-339, 345, 360-362).
,
, ,
.
( ), .

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
, 1
(, ) (16)

( , , -
,
). , ,
,
, . 676 .,
, ,
, (, 1990, . 19; 1999, . 11). ,
, , ,
. ,
(!) (, 1999, . 75).
( 1994 .)
,
, (,
1995, . 13-16; Yatsenko 2004), ,
. ,
, , , , ,
,
, , ( ).
, ,
, .
- .
( ) , ,
, , -
, .
. ,
662 . .. (17).
, , ,
.
,
()
. ,
, , 1,
, . ,
,
.
(Yatsenko, 2004)
5 , .
, ,
- .

.
(), . -, ,
,
( /
: , 1975): 2-4 ; 1-4, 13-15 .

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
,
. -,
( 651 .),
, , (18). ,

, , ,
;
VI ., - ,
(Frye, 1993, p. 75).
(.,
: , 2001, . 9, 13-14).

, , .
, ,
(, 1975, . 30-34). , ,
, .

( - , ) (
, - - )
- .
, ( -
28 ). ,
, . , :
?,
, -,
(., : Kageyama, 2002,
pp. 309-323) (19). -, ,
(20). ( )
.
,
, -
VII-VIII . .. ,
662 .
(21)
.
: -,
3-5 (
? , ); -, (
) ,
-.
( - )
II-IV ., (, 2006, . 204,
282; . 154, 7). , ( )
(),
(/ 42; . 8, 18).

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
. 8.

/
( ; 4,
23 III) ( Yatsenko, 2004, pl.
1):
1 - 15, 16, 29, 42; 2 39; 3 - 28; 4 -
III; 5 - 6, 19, 26; 6 -
5, 18; 7 - 5, 6; 8 -
19; 9 - ; 10 -
18; 11 - 19; 12 - 5,
18, 28, 42; 13 - 19 (
), 26, 27; 14 - 5, 18;
15 - 26, 28, 39; 16 -
16, 39, 41; 17 - 6; 18 42; 19, 20 - 6; 21 28; 22 - 18, (42 ?);
23 - III.
Fig. 8. The male costume of the
Turks in Afrasiab/Samarkand (the
western wall of the hall 23/1): 1 personages 15, 16, 29, 42; 2 personage 39; 3, 21 - personage 28;
4 - the hall III; 5 - personages 6, 19,
26; 6 - personages 5, 18; 7 - personages 5, 6; 8 - personage 19; 9 - many personages; 10 - personage 18;
11 - personage 19; 12 - personages 5, 18, 28, 42; 13 - personages 19 (the under clothes), 26, 27; 14 personages 5, 18; 15 - personages 26, 28, 39; 16 - personages 16, 39, 41; 17, 19-20 - personage 6; 18 personage 42; 22 - personages 18, (42?); 23 - the hall III (after Yatsenko, 2004, pl. 1).
,
. , ,
- , (
, . 282), , (, 1975, . 19,
7); ( 1).
- .
(, 1979, . 25),
(, 2006, . 215; . 157, 29).

(, 1975, . 5, 5) (. 8, 14).
(, 1985, . II, 3)
(, 1970, . 8). (
)
III: . 9).
.. , (,
1975, . 32). , , , , ,
,
.
(22) ,
: 1) 2) - ( ); 3)
(. ); 4) ; 5) (23).

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
() (
6, . ). , , ,
, .
(24). (
, )
, (. ) (. 8, 9).
, , .
-. 1998 .,
() ( , 2627), , ; () ( 5-6)

(?), (.: , , 2005, . 3, 7
27). () ( 18-19) ,
(?). .
( 26, 27), ,
: () ( ).
19, , , (. ) (. 8, 13).
,
() () .
( ?) ( 5, 26).
- ( 6, 27) (
);
- ( 19), ( 27).
, ( 19
27) - (). ,
,
() (, 1987, . 237-239). VII-VIII .
, , .
- , (Osmanli
tarihleri, 1949, s. 385). , (,
, ) VII-VIII .
(, , , 1984, . 168).
19 27 -
.
, ()
, ( 6, 19). ,
.
(?), , ,
() ( 6: . 8, 17,
19). , , . 19 (
), , .
.
- .
() ( 5, 18)
(. 8, 14). ,

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org

- Y,
28, 38, 39 42 () ( 5
: . 8, 12; .: , , 2005, . 133), -
( 18).
. ,
. () 6

(, 1975, . 22) (. 8, 20) (25); IX .
, (-):
16-18 . ; . . 13, 1; 15, 11; , 2000, .
370; . 66, 11). (, ) 18 :
-
4 - (, 1987, . 8, 5-8)
(, , ; .: , 1987,
. 8, 19).
(, 1990, . XXV, 1-2),
- (, 1993, . 89-92).
, 9 ( ,
/ ) ,
11 ( , /
).
6 19.
(, 1952, . 18-19) (, 1966, . VII, 33),
. VII . VIII .
(, 2006, . 282; . 181, 71).
, (
) (, ).
, , . ,
.

( 36), .
.
.
( 35); ,
( - ) , , -
( , ) .
36 ,
(
() ().
, (,
, , : , , 2005, . 1, , 36).
, ,
. ( ?),
.

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
. 9. /.

III, VI-VII
. (, 1975, . V).
Fig. 9. Afrasiab/Samarkand. The
noble Turkic man. Fragment of the
wall painting of the Hall III, 7th c.
AD (after Albaum, 1975, pl. V).

, ,

(.

28, 29),
, ,
(. 8,
2),
( 28, 37, 39, 40, 41);

,
.
( 28, 42),


,


, (, 1987, . 8, 1-3) (. 8, 21).
, ,
(
, ).
, , (
31). , ,
33-34. (
)
( 32 31 ), . ,
- ,
. 200 ,
, , - (Chavannes, 1903, p. 194).
,
,
( 5, 19).
, .
(
.: Mode, 1993, S. 28-29, Abb. 8-9). ,
, (42 42 );
35 36, .
( 37 38)
( 39, 40 41), .

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
(, );
- 18.
,
( ) 15, 16, 17. ,
. 1978 . ,
, ( .. ).
, , /,
(?) - ( 15 17 ,
16 ). , ,
(.. .. , , ,
). 4 , , .
, .

. 10. IX-XI .: 1 , (Le Coq, 1913,

Taf. 7a); 2 , VII (Bussagli, 1979, p. 93); 3 , 9 (Bussagli, 1979, p.
107).
Fig. 10. The female costume of Uygurs from Xinjiang of the 9th -11th cc.: 1 Chotcho (Qoo), Christian
temple (Le Coq, 1913, Taf. 7a); 2 Shorchuq (Soruq), cave VII (Bussagli, 1979, p. 93); 3 Bzklik,
temple 9 (Le Coq, 1913, Taf. 30).

,
.
36 , ,
..,

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- , , , .
, , ,
(
) . ,
( 36; , 1-4).
1. , ( 6, 9, 27,
( 27:
). ( 19 27).
,
( 6). , ( 6)
( 19).
( 6).
.
, 6 30 . , , ,
, 40-50 (,
1990, . 78).
. 11. IXXI . ( ,
.
68

57/4):
2000,
1, 4 ; 2-3 (
); 5 ()
( . ).
Fig. 11. The female costume of Uygurs from
Xinjiang of the 9th -11th cc. (after /Yatsenko,
2000, pl. 68 and 57/4).


III,
(, 1975, . V) (. 9).

,


,
( 6)
, (.
6 1).

: .
(,
1975, . V) (. 8, 23). ,
- ( VII .,
641-642 ., ),
. ,
, VII-VIII .,
, 6 7 .. (, 1989, .
2, 1; 3, 1-2). , IX .
(Grnwedel, 1912, . 56, 664); . : , 1987, . 8 , 13-14.

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
2. , 5 , .
, ( 28-31, 35, 37-40, 42).
/ ( 5, 18, 26?).
( )
( ,
). ,

). 11
2 ,
(, 1990, . 74). -,

().
. 12. IX-XII
. ( , 2000, . 69):
1 (); 2 , 6;
3 , 19; 4 ,
9; 5 , 7; 6
().
(1
, . 3,
., 1995; 2-4 . ; 5-6
Along the Ancient Silk Routes, New York,
1982).
Fig. 12. The male costume of Uygurs from
Xinjiang of the 9th -11th cc. (after
/Yatsenko, 2000, pl. 69).
3. 15-17
, , .
, ,
.

-
,

. ,



(, 1990, . 73).

.
-, ,
, ,
( III, , ,
). ,
(, , , ).
, (Chavannes, 1903, p. 194).
-, ( 19) - , ,

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
(. 8, 13).
, , ,
(
: Northern Qi Tomb, 1990, p. 8, fig. 8);
36. -,
( 39 III: .:
, 1976, . V) 3
( ) (?)
(. 8, 4) (26). 18.
( ) . -,
, ( 42) (. 8, 18). , ( , ,
2, 3, 4 , 9,
11 - ). III
( .. , , ,
/),
(?). , (
) (
).

. 13. IX-XI . : 1 (Le Coq,

1913, Taf. 7a); 2 (Bussagli, 1979, p. 105); 3 (Le
Coq, 1913, Taf. 3b).
Fig. 13. The male costume of Uygurs from Xinjiang of the 9th -11th cc. from Khotcho/Qoo.

, , (
) .

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org

. , ,
(27) -
( , 3), 36
( )
.
( 5, 6), .

III , .
4. ( ) IX - XI .
4-
(, 2000, . 367-382; . 6469) (28). (. ) (744-840 .),
,
() 874 ., , .
, .
( XV
)
.
. 14.
IX-XI . (6)
( , 2000, .
67 63/2):
1 , 9; 2 , 2;
3 ; 4 , 11; 5
; 6 , .
(1 . ; 2 . ; 2-3, 5
. ; 4 ..
).
Fig. 14. The male costume of Uygurs from
Xinjiang of the 9th -11th cc. and Eearly Turk
man image (6) (after /Yatsenko, 2000,
pl. 67 and 63/2).

?
,
(.
10-11; 12, 4-6; 16, 1-9; 17, 1-7) (

). , ,
5-6

, , (, 1974,
. 45). -- , ,
, ( , . 89, 168).
, ,
. ,
/ ;

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
(. 10, 3; 11, 3;12, 4; 16, 7-9). -
(. IX .)
(. 10, 1; 11, 5).
- (Nowgorodowa, 1980, S. 246),
(29).
,
(, 1990, . VIII, 2; XII):
( 6 .. ) (Le Coq, 1925, Taf.
42, 43) (. 17, 2) , ( 1 .. ,
) (
,
: Le Coq, 1913, Taf. 63) (. 17, 5).
. 15.
IX-XI . ( , 2000, . 66):
1, 4-5, 7-8, 10-14 ; 9, 15
; 2, 3, 6
; 10

(
).
: 1-4, 6 ;
7 , 11; 8 ; 9
-; 11, 13 , 9;
14 , ; 15 , Z.
(1-6, 9-14 . ; 7 ..
; 8 . ; 15
Along the Ancient Silk Routes, New York,
1982).
Fig. 15. Foot gear and belts of Uygurs from
Xinjiang of the 9th -11th cc. and Eearly Turk
man image (6) (after /Yatsenko, 2000,
pl. 66).
-,
() (
,
,
) (30); ,


(

).
XII ., ,
(, 1974, . 92) (., ,
409 : Dunchuang Institute.., 1983, pl. 109),
(31).
-, (. 16-17)
,
. ,

(
) (, 200, . 369-372). ( -)
, , ,
(

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
). , ,
( , ,
- );

( , ,
, ); ;
4-6 ( ) (. 13, 1; 14, 2; 15,
11; 17, 10).
. 16.
IX-XIV . ( ,
2000, . 64):
1, 3-16, 18-19 ; 2, 15, 1921 ; 17
.
: 1 ,
37; 3 , 9; 4
, Z; 5 ; 6 ,
33; 7 , 7; 8 ,
12; 9 , 40; 10-11
, 9; 12 , 2; 13
; 14 , 3; 16
, ; 17 , ; 18
, 4; 20 ; 21 .
(2-4, 7, 9-12, 14-15, 18, 20-21 .
; 1, 6, 17, 19 . ; 5,
8 . ; 13 .. ; 16
. ).
Fig. 16. Haircut, coiffure and headdresses of
Uygurs from Xinjiang of the 9th-14th cc. and
Eearly Turk man image (6) (after
/Yatsenko, 2000, pl. 64).


. ( )
; ,
. . , , : ,
, ;
4-6 ) (. 15, 9, 12; 17, 18).

( ,
).
.
4-6 ( )
(. 15, 10, 13; 17, 19). , ;
; ,
, ;
- (. 12, 2; 16, 10).
-, ,
( 2 12; ,
) ,
; ( )
.

: formuseum.info swordmaster.org
. 17.
IX-XII . ( , 2000,
. 65):
1-3, 8, 12-16, 18-24 ; 4-7,
9, 11, 17 ; 5
.
: 1 ,
7; 2 ,
; 3-6, 9, 11, 17, 20 ; 8
, ; 10, 12 , 9;
13 , 3; 15 ,
11; 16 , ; 17, 21
(); 18, 19 ,
; 22-23 , 7.
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