ACTP MCAD-404T
Module Summary
Give the student an understanding of the basic theoretical techniques used in the solution of engineering Problems Use of Commercial Analysis codes and Associated Pre and post processors Areas Covered: Linear and Non-linear Statics, thermal and Dynamic Analysis
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Module Learning Objectives(Contd.) Use a pre-processor in a commercial finite element software code to fully define a model in terms of mesh design, element type, material properties and constraints Use a postprocessor in a commercial finite element code to interpret the results from analysis of a problem in stress analysis, heat transfer or dynamics Employ sub modelling and adaptive meshing techniques within a commercial finite element code
ACTP MCAD-404T
Module Syllabus
An overview of finite element method and applications Basics essential for understanding FEM
Matrix Algebra and Gaussian Elimination Fundamentals of Elasticity Behaviour of Materials Variational and Weighted Residual Methods Classification of Solid Mechanics Problems Mesh Generation and Glossary of Terms
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
Module Syllabus(contd.)
Finite Element Analysis- 1D Elasticity Problems Finite Element Analysis 2D Elasticity Problems Finite Element Analysis Axi-symmetric Problems Finite Element Analysis Beams and Frames Finite Element Analysis 3D Elasticity Problems Finite Element Analysis Dynamics Problems Finite Element Analysis Heat transfer Problems Introduction to Non Linear Analysis Solution of Industrial Problems-Case studies
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
MTP: Assignment(100%)
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Session-1
Session Topic An overview of finite element method and applications Session objectives is to learn about Engineering Design Process Definition of FEM Sources of Error in the FEM Advantages and Disadvantages of FEM Classification of Solid-Mechanics Problems Six Steps in the Finite Element Method What's the difference between FEM & FEA
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Finite Element Method Defined Many problems in engineering and applied science are governedbydifferentialorintegralequations. The solutions to these equations would provide an exact, closedform solution to the particular problem being studied. However,complexitiesinthegeometry,propertiesandin the boundary conditions that are seen in most realworld problems usually means that an exact solution cannot be obtainedorobtainedinareasonableamountoftime.
ACTP MCAD-404T
Finite Element Method Defined (Contd.) Currentproductdesigncycletimesimplythatengineers mustobtaindesignsolutionsinashortamountoftime. Theyarecontenttoobtainapproximatesolutionsthatcan bereadilyobtainedinareasonabletimeframe,andwith reasonableeffort.TheFEMisonesuchapproximate solutiontechnique. TheFEMisanumericalprocedureforobtaining approximatesolutionstomanyoftheproblemsencountered inengineeringanalysis.
ACTP MCAD-404T
Finite Element Method Defined (Contd.) IntheFEM,acomplexregiondefiningacontinuumis discretizedintosimplegeometricshapescalledelements. Thepropertiesandthegoverningrelationshipsareassumed overtheseelementsandexpressedmathematicallyintermsof unknownvaluesatspecificpointsintheelementscallednodes. Anassemblyprocessisusedtolinktheindividualelementsto thegivensystem.Whentheeffectsofloadsandboundary conditionsareconsidered,asetoflinearornonlinearalgebraic equationsisusuallyobtained. Solutionoftheseequationsgivestheapproximatebehaviorof thecontinuumorsystem.
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
Finite Element Method Defined (Contd.) Thecontinuumhasaninfinitenumberofdegreesoffreedom (DOF),whilethediscretizedmodelhasafinitenumberof DOF.Thisistheoriginofthename,finiteelementmethod. Thenumberofequationsisusuallyratherlargeformostreal worldapplicationsoftheFEM,andrequiresthecomputational powerofthedigitalcomputer.TheFEMhaslittlepractical valueifthedigitalcomputerwerenotavailable. Advancesinandreadyavailabilityofcomputersandsoftware hasbroughttheFEMwithinreachofengineersworkingin smallindustries,andevenstudents.
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Degree of Freedom
Minimum number of independent coordinates required to determine completely the positions of all parts of a system at any instant of time
ACTP MCAD-404T
Systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom are called discrete or lumped parameter systems Systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom are called continuous or distributed systems
ACTP MCAD-404T
Comment Most of the time, continuous systems are approximated as discrete systems, and solutions are obtained in a simpler manner Practical systems are analysed as discrete systems Treatment of a system continuous gives exact results Lumped Systems lead to ODE Continuous Systems lead to PDE
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
advantagestothedesignorganization:
Reducedtestingandredesigncoststherebyshortening
ACTP MCAD-404T
Several approaches can be used to transform the physical formulation of a problem to its finite element discrete analogue. If the physical formulation of the problem is described as a differential equation, then the most popular solution method is the Method of Weighted Residuals. If the physical problem can be formulated as the minimization of a functional, then the Variational Formulation is usually used.
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Sources of Error in the FEM (cont.) Formulation error results from the use of elements that don't precisely describe the behavior of the physical problem. Elements which are used to model physical problems for which they are not suited are sometimes referred to as illconditioned or mathematically unsuitable elements. For example a particular finite element might be formulated on the assumption that displacements vary in a linear manner over the domain. Such an element will produce no formulation error when it is used to model a linearly varying physical problem (linear varying displacement field in this example), but would create a significant formulation error if it used to represent a quadratic or cubic varying displacement field.
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Sources of Error in the FEM (cont.) Numerical error occurs as a result of numerical calculation procedures, and includes truncation errors and round off errors. Numerical error is therefore a problem mainly concerning the FEM vendors and developers. The user can also contribute to the numerical accuracy, for example, by specifying a physical quantity, say Youngs modulus, E, to an inadequate number of decimal places.
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Createelements ofthebeam
Nodaldisplacementandforces
ACTP MCAD-404T
Elementary
Advanced
StressStiffening Geometric Fracture Material LargeDisplacement Instability Plasticity Viscoplasticity
Geometric Classificationofsolids SkeletalSystems 1DElements Trusses Cables Pipes PlatesandShells 2DElements PlaneStress PlaneStrain Axisymmetric PlateBending Shellswithflatelements Shellswithcurvedelements
ACTP MCAD-404T
[K] {q} = {Fapp} + {Fth} + {Fpr} + {Fma} + {Fpl} + {Fcr} + {Fsw} + {Fld}
[K] {q} = total stiffness matrix = nodal displacement
{Fapp} = applied nodal force load vector {Fth} = applied element thermal load vector {Fpr} = applied element pressure load vector {Fma} = applied element body force vector {Fpl} = element plastic strain load vector {Fcr} = element creep strain load vector {Fsw} = element swelling strain load vector {Fld} = element large deflection load vector
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Processor Preprocessor
Generates Printsorplots elementshape contoursofstress functions components. Readsorgenerates Calculatesmaster nodesandelements Printsorplots elementequations (ex:ANSYS) contoursof Readsorgenerates displacements. Calculates materialpropertydata. Evaluatesand transformation printserror Readsorgenerates matrices boundaryconditions bounds. Mapselement (loadsand constraints.) Step6 equationsinto globalsystem Assembles elementequations Step1,Step4 Steps2,3,5 Introduces boundary conditions Performssolution M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore procedures
Postprocessor
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Thisexampleshowsanintravenouspumpmodeledusing hexahedralelements.
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
1 2
5 6
3 4
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
7 8
ACTP MCAD-404T
Some Animations
Metal Forming Crash Analysis Crash analysis Crash Analysis Crash Analysis Warhead How about a woman? Heat Transfer Forging Drop test The Last one
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
This is a very contentious issue, one that academics love to debate over a cool long-neck of a friday evening. I am going to stick my head on the block here & try to explain the difference, happy chopping my academic friends. The terms 'finite element method' & 'finite element analysis' seem to be used interchanably in most documentation, so the question arises is there a difference between FEM & FEA ?? The answer is yes, there is a difference, albeit a subtle one that is not really important enough to loose sleep over.
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
ACTP MCAD-404T
Conclusions
Engineering Design Process have been dealt in brief Sources of Error in the FEM have been dealt in brief Advantages and Disadvantages of FEM have been dealt in brief Covered the basic Six Steps in the Finite Element Method Explanation of difference between FEM & FEA