CArrays:1D&2D

ENGG1002ComputerProgrammingand
Applica9ons
Dr.HaydenKwokHaySo
Week1

BasicCArrays
Declara9on:

int anarray[5];

datatype
ofeachelement

variable
name

size

Ini9aliza9on(op9onal)
int anarray[5] = {2,3,5,7,11};

Accessinganelement

Remember:C/C++arraysstartcoun9ngfrom0!
Validforindexesfrom0tosize1
anarray[0] = 31;
anarray[i+3] = anarray[4]+7;

Whathappenswhenyouaccessanarray[6]?

ArrayvsMemory
Themainmemoryofacomputercanbethoughtasahuge
arrayofmemoryloca9ons.
Eachbasicmemoryloca9onconsumes1BYTE.
E.g.The1GBofmainmemorycanbethoughtasanarraywith
1,073,741,824elements,eachelement=1BYTE.

InC/C++,anarrayisacon(nuousblockofmemory.
1,073,741,823
1,073,741,822

char vowels[5]={a,e,i,o,u};
u
o
i
e
a

1
0

1bytes

vowels

ArrayofIntegers

1
0

11

108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100

13

int primes[3]={11,13,17};

4bytes

primes

Q:Ifprimesisstoredatloca9on
100,thenhowcanyound
primes[1], primes[2]?
A:primes[1]storedatloca9on
100+4=104
primes[2] atloca9on
100+2*4=108
Elementkat100+k*4
Thesizeofanintegeris4bytes
InC,youcanusethefunc9on
sizeof(),e.g.
sizeof(int), sizeof(i);

ArrayAddressing
Ingeneral,givenyouknowthestar9ngaddress
(A)ofanarrayoftypeT,youcanndthekth
elementataddress
A+k*sizeof(T)
Tobeabletondtheloca9onofanarray
elementV[k],thecompileronlyneedstoknow
thetypeoftheelementandthestar(ng
address.
C/C++compilersdonotknowaboutthelength
ofanarray.
Itonlygeneratescodetocalculatetheaddressofan
elementbasedontheaboveequa9on

Basic2DArrays
Declara9on:

int a2Darray[5][7];

datatype
ofeachelement

variable
name

Sizesofthe2
dimensions

Ini9aliza9on(op9onal)
int a2Darray[2][3] = {{2,3,5},{7,11,13}};

Accessinganelement
a2Darray[0][2] = 31;
cout << a2Darray[i+3][j+2];

2DArrays
Howtostorea2Darray(matrix)inmemorythatisa
linear(1D)array?
Twomethods:
Rowmajorstoresa2Darray(matrix)rowbyrow,
star9ngfromtoptobolom.
Columnmajorstoresamatrixcolumnbycolumn,
star9ngfromlemtoright.

10 11 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

C/C++storestheminrowmajor
Matlabstoresthemincolumnmajor

2DarraysinC/C++
136
132
128
124
120
116
112
108
104
100
4
0

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

V =

4bytes

10 11 12

Toaccessanelementina2DarrayV
V[0][1] =>2, V[2][1] =>10
Whatdoyouneedtondtheaddress?

V[0][1]@address(V)+1*sizeof(int)
V[2][1]@address(V)+2*4*sizeof(int)+
1*sizeof(int)

Weneedthreepiecesofinforma9on:
address(V)
Sizeoftheelement
Thelengthofarow

GerngMemoryforArrays
Sta9c:int primes[5] = {2,3,5,7,11};
Dynamic:

Whenyoudontknowthesizewhenyouwriteyourprogram
E.g.Toputallthecustomerordersinanarray

Usemalloc()
int num_orders;
int orders[];
orders = (int*) malloc(num_orders * sizeof(int));

C++hassomeextrasyntax

Dangerous,notrecommended!

int
int
cin
for

num_orders;
orders[num_orders];
>> num_orders;
(int i = 0; i < num_orders; i++)
orders[0] = . . .

ArraysasParameters
Toacceptan1Darrayasparameter:
int func(int a[], int length);
Notethatwehavenoideaofthelengthofa[].
Therefore,wemust,somehow,sendthelengthtothe
func9onaswell.
Onewayistopassthelengthaswell.
Anotherwayistouseastruct.

Toaccepta2Darrayasparameter:
int func(int b[][10], int length);
Notethatalldimensions,excepttherst,MUSTbe
dened.

Why?(Recallhowyoucangettheaddressofanelementin
amul9dimensionalarray.)

2DArrayfortheProject
Func9onsforreadingimagesfromyourle
systemwillbeprovided
Imagestoredasa2Darray
Memorywillbeallocateddynamicallyforyou
already.
Youneedtoimplementtheimageprocessing
rou9nesonthe2Darray.