2 Na Cl 2 2 Na Cl
Each sodium atom loses one electron: 0 1
Na Na e
1
Cl e Cl
Na Na e
0
Sodium is oxidized
Cl e Cl
Chlorine is reduced
Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers Rules 1 & 2 1. The oxidation number of any uncombined element is zero 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals its charge
2 Na Cl 2 2 Na Cl
Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers Rules 3 & 4 3. The oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is -2
4. The oxidation number of hydrogen in compounds is +1
H2O
2 1
H2O
2(+1) + (-2) = 0 H O
Ca (O H ) 2
(+2) + 2(-2) + 2(+1) = 0 Ca O H
? 2
N O3
? 2
S O4
X + 3(-2) = -1 N O X = +5
X + 4(-2) = -2 S O X = +6
The Oxidation Number Rules SIMPLIFIED 1. The sum of the oxidation numbers in ANYTHING is equal to its charge 2. Hydrogen in compounds is +1
3. Oxygen in compounds is -2
1 5 2
1 5 2
This slide refers to vocabulary that has been excluded from AP Chemistry by the College Board, and will not be tested.
Na Na e
Cl e Cl
#1
Formed in reaction
#2
Formed in reaction
Halogens Metal Ions Metallic ions Nitrate Ions SO42Hypohalite ions Halate ions CO2