MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The male and female reproductive systems are responsible for creating human life. They involve exocrine and endocrine glands which produce male and female sex cells and lubricating fluid. Reproduction is the mechanism by which life is sustained. It is the process by which a single cell duplicates its genetic material allowing an organism to grow and repair itself. The male reproductive system consists of the testes, vas deferens (vasa deferentia - plural), prostate gland, seminal vesicles, urethra, and penis. Because the male reproductive system shares some of its structures with the urinary system it is sometimes referred to as the urogenital system. As no medical specialty is concerned exclusively with the male reproductive system most conditions are treated by a urologist. TESTES Are oval shaped glands Produce sperm (spermatozoa, gametes) Secrete the hormone testosterone which has a number of effects on the body including sexual behaviour, facial hair and deepening of the voice. Are called gonads Word root Combining form Orch orch/i, orch/o, orchid/o Meaning Testis, male reproductive organ which produces spermatozoa

Activity 1 Write the meaning of 1. orchialgia _____________________________________________________ 2. orchiocele _____________________________________________________ 3. orchiopexy/orchidopexy __________________________________________ Build a word that means 4. removal of a testicle _____________________________________________ SCROTUM Is a pouch of loose skin Holds the testes Is divided by an internal septum into two sacs each containing 1 testis Controls the temperature of the testes by hanging outside the body Word root Scrot Activity 2
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Combining form Scrot/o

Meaning Pouch which contains the testicles

Build a word which means 1. removal of the scrotum ___________________________________________ Hydrocele a swelling/protrusion /hernia due to the accumulation of fluid within the testis Varicocele - a swelling/protrusion /hernia of veins of the spermatic cords within the testis. These need to be removed as they lead to pain and infertility. EPIDIDYMIS Are two coiled ducts which lie along the posterior border of the testes Are the site of sperm maturation Store spermatozoa and propel them towards the urethra during ejaculation

Word root Epididym

Combining form Epididym/o

Meaning Two coiled tubes which form the first part of the duct system of the testis

Activity 3 Build words which mean 1. inflammation of the epididymis _______________________________________ 2. removal of the epididymis ___________________________________________ VAS DEFERENS The tail of the epididymis and joins the urethra Word root Vas Combining form Vas/o Meaning Main secretory duct of testis

Activity 4 Write the meaning of 1. vasectomy __________________________________________________ 2. vasoepididymostomy __________________________________________ SPERMATOZOA or Sperm Are produced at a rate of about a million a day Once ejaculate live for about 48 hours within the female reproductive tract Are composed of a head, a middle piece and a tail SEMINAL VESICLES Are pouch like structures lying at the base of the bladder Secrete about 60% of semen Word root Vesicul Combining form Meaning Pouches lying near the base of the bladder which Vesicul/o secrete a nutrient fluid which is a component of semen
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Male Reproductive System

PROSTATE Is a single doughnut shaped organ Surrounds the urethra as it leaves the bladder Secretes about 13% of semen Word root Prostat Combining form Prostat/o Meaning The prostrate gland that surrounds the neck of the bladder

Activity 5 Write the meaning of 1. prostatocystitis __________________________________________________ 2. prostatomegaly __________________________________________________ SEMEN Is a mixture a sperm and secretions of the seminal vesicles and prostate PENIS Is used to introduce sperm into the vagina Glans (head) covered with foreskin or prepuce Is composed of sponge like tissue and during sexual stimulation the blood enters the sinuses and an erection results During ejaculation the smooth muscle at the base of the bladder is closed and urine may not be expelled Semen does not enter the urine and urine is not expelled during ejaculation Word root Phall Balan Combining form Phall/o Balan/o Meaning Penis Sensitive, swollen end of the penis, known as the glans penis

Activity 6 Build words which mean 1. inflammation of the penis ____________________________________________ 2. pertaining to the penis ______________________________________________ 3. removal of the penis _______________________________________________ 4. inflammation of the glans penis _______________________________________ An abnormally enlarged penis is known as a megalopenis or megalophallus. Several abnormalities of the penis have been noted at birth. The urethra sometimes opens onto the dorsal side of the penis epispadia. Sometimes the urethra opens onto the posterior surface hypospadia. The swelling of the penis during erotic stimulation is known as tumescence. The subsidence of the swelling is detumescence.
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The failure to produce an erection and perform the sexual act is known as impotence. This condition is often psychological, but can arise from lesions within the reproductive tract or nervous system. PERINEUM Is the area of skin between the anus and the scrotum Word root Coitus Intercourse Copulation ABBREVIATIONS: AIDS HIV STD TUR (TURP) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome human immunodeficiency virus Sexually Transmitted Disease transurethral resection (of the prostate) Meaning To come together Run between Bind together

TERMS AND WORD PARTS: balan/o crypt/o deferens genit/o orchid/o -pexy scrotum vas/o vesicul/o CONDITIONS AND TERMS: anorchism balanitis cryptorchism epididymitis
Male Reproductive System

glans penis (head of the penis) hidden excretory duct of the testes (vas deferens) genitals testis surgical fixation the pouch containing the testes a vessel or duct (i.e. vas deferens) seminal vessel

congenital absence of one or both testes inflammation of the glans penis cryptorchidism) testes failed to descend into scrotum (hidden testes) acute inflammation of testes and associated epididymis
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hydrocele orchitis prostate cancer prostatitis PROCEDURES: circumcision orchidectomy orchidopexy

soft painless swelling in the scrotum caused by the space around the testes filled with fluid inflammation of the testes malignant growth in the outer zone of the prostate gland inflammation of the prostate gland

surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis removal of the testes fixation of testes in scrotum transurethral resection of the prostate gland male: ligation of vas deferens (vasectomy, vasoligation) tying of vas deferens (sterilisation) surgical excision of a segment of the vas deferens

prostatectomy (TURP) sterilisation vasoligation vasectomy

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