Proceedings of The One Day National Seminar On Algebra 200th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste Galois at KBN College Vijayawada 2011.10.25 Final To Upload

Editors:
Prof. Dr Satyanarayana Bhavanari

M.Tech., B.Ed., M.Sc., Ph.D.,
A.P. Scientist Awardee 2009, Fellow - A.P. Akademi of Sciences
Glory of India Award & International Achievers Award (Thailand 2011)
Top 100 Professionals - 2011 (IBC, England)
Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar M.Sc.,
Mr. Mohiddin Shaw Shaik M.Sc., M.Phil.,
Proceedings of the
One Day National
Seminar on
Algebra
(200th Birth Anniversary
Celebrations of
Evariste GALOIS)
(In collaboration with the
Department of Mathematics
Includes
Invited Lectures
Research Paper
Presentations
Abstracts
EVARISTE GALOIS
(25 Oct 1811 TO 1831)
SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN
(22 Dec. 1887 to 1920)
K.B.N. College VIJAYAWADA, AP, India
25th October, 2011
ALBERT EINSTEIN
(1879-1955)
Proceedings of the National Seminar on ALGEBRA (200
th
Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste
GALOIS), KBN College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari
Satyanarayana, Mr. VVN Suresh Kumar and Mr Mohiddin Shaw Shaik.)

CONTENTS
S.No Speaker/ presenters Title of the Talk Pages
01 Prof. Dr P.V. Arunachalam
Founder Vice-Chancellor,
Dravidian University, A.P.
Romantic Mathematician
and his Mathematics
(Inaugural Address)
01-04
02 Prof. Dr Bhavanari
Satyanarayana,
Acharya Nagarjuna University
Finite Dimension of Vector
Spaces and Modules
(Key Note Address)
0515
03 Mr. Mohiddin Shaw Shaik
Prime Graph of
n
and
Zero Square Ring S(
3
)
16-20
04 Dr. T.V. Pradeep Kumar
College of Engineering, ANU
On Gamma Near-Rings 21-24
05 Dr. Dasari Nagaraju
Assistant Professor
Manipal University, Jaipur Rajastan.
Zero Square Rings and Zero
Square Ideals
25-28
06
Dr. G. Ganesan
Adikavi Nannaya University,
Rough Fuzzy Group
induced by epimorphisms
29-32
07 Dr. Atul Gaur
University of Delhi
Multiplication Modules 33-36
08
Dr. Syam Prasad
Manipal University
An Introduction to New
Algebraic Structure Gamma
Near Rings
37-38
09 Mr. Venkata Subba Rao
Lecturer in Mathematics
Amalapuram
Fuzzy Ideals of Gamma
Near Rings
39-41
10 Dr. V. Ambethkar
University of Delhi
Some Numerical Methods
for solving Navier-Stokes
Equations
42-46
11 Kumari Bhavanari SatyaSri
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
Republic Chaina.
Golden Ratio and human
body
47-49
12 Dr.K.Satyanarayana & Prof Dr
Bhavanari Satyanarayana
A Prospective Theme of
Mathematics
50-53
13 Bhavanari Satyanarayana
& D Srinivasulu
A Note On 2-Quasi-total
Graphs
53-53
14 M. Babu Prasad
Vijauawada
Some results on Fuzzy Ideals
of M Gamma Modules
54-54
15 Mrs. S. Latha & J. Praveena
St.Marys Eng., College
Efficient using graphs in
computer sciences
54-54
16 Mr. Y. Sankar Rao & Mrs. S. Latha
St.Marys Eng., College
Efficient using graphs in
computer sciences
54-54
th

CONTENTS
17 G.C. Rao & N. Rafi
AndhraUiversity
Topological Characterization
of Normal Almost
Distributive Lattice
55-55
18 P.Venu Gopala Rao
Loyola College, Vijauawada
On Seminearrings and their
Ideals
56-56
19 G.C. Rao & Naveen Kumar
AndhraUiversity
Dual PS Almost Distributive
Lattice
57-57
20 Dr. Ramana Murthy
Loyola College, Vijauawada
Divisible Semigroups 58-58
21 N.V. Nagendram
L.B.R. College of Enge.,
A Note on Inversive
Localization in Noetherian
Regular Delta Near Rings
59-59
22 S. Venu Madava Sarma
K.L.University
A note on Hamiltonian Path
and Hamiltonian Circuit
59-59
23 Mr. Nanda Kumar
A Note on Fuzzy Ideals 59-59
24 A. Sudhakaraiah, E. Gnana
Deepika, A. Sreenivasulu and
V. Rama Latha
Minimal Dominating Set of
an Interval Graphs
59-59
25 Bhavanari Mallikarjun
Kolla Ramasubramanyam and
Wudayagiri harsha
Nanotechnology: An
Emerging Era
60-61
th
Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste GALOIS), KBN
College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana, Mr. VVN Suresh Kumar
and Mr Mohiddin Shaw Shaik.)
1
A ROMANTIC MATHEMATICIAN AND HIS MATHEMATICS
Prof. Dr P.V. ARUNACHALAM
Founder Vice-Chancellor,
Dravidian University, Kuppam, AP.
A Paris newspaper, dated may 31
st
1811, carried the following news:
A deplorable duel yesterday robbed science of a young man who inspired the brightest hopes,
but whose prodigious fame is only of a political nature. Young Evariste Galois fought a duel
with an old friend, a very young man like him a member of the Societe des Amis people-
{Society of the Friends of People}. At point blank range, each of them was given a pistol and
fired. Only one of the pistols was loaded.
Historians of mathematics still have vague ideas about why he fought the duel, some seeing it as
a matter of honour about a young lady, possibly as set up by agents of the police to get rid of a
dangerous revolutionary, and some seeing it as a set up by Galois himself to go out in a blaze of
glory. Although his fame as a revolutionary was transient, his mathematics was timeless.
Galois Theory and Galois Groups are common currency in mathematics to day. As an young
man of twenty he joined the ranks of the galaxy of immortals in mathematics. He was Evariste
Galois.
Evariste Galois, pronounced as ay-vah ReesTGalwah, was born on 25
th
October, 1811 in a French
village called Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris. Nicolas-Gabriel Galois was his father and Adelaide
Marie Demante , his mother. Evaristes mother was his sole teacher and taught him all subjects
well before he was sent to the fourth grade in a famous boarding school in Paris.
Inspite of lackluster career at the school, as he failed twice in the entrance examination to the
prestigious educational institution, the Ecole Polytechnique, the young Galois devoured the
advance mathematical texts of Legendre and Lagrange. When he was just 17 years old, he
began making fundamental discoveries in the theory of polynomial equations.
By looking at the series of mishaps in the short, but eventful life of Galois, it is amazing that the
mathematical document that he wrote under the shadow of death the following morning, on the
fateful night of May 29
th
1832, did not go to oblivion, but survived for the benefit of posterity.
Galois was a radical republican during the turbulent days, after the fall of Napoleon in France.
He was something of a romantic figure in the history of mathematics. For his rebellious and
revolutionary activities he was arrested and served jail terms. Soon after his release from the
prison he was to stay in a place to avoid the risk of contacting the cholera epidemic. At that
point of time he fell desperately in love with a girl which led to the tragic end of his life.
While in teens Galois was attracted towards solving the quantic equation in Algebra. To
understand and appreciate the achievement of Galois, the romantic and tragic mathematician, we
need to review the state of the theory of equations in Algebra, at his time. We know that linear
th
2
and quadratic equations were solved long ago, may be four thousand years before. We find
ample evidence from the history of mathematics of all the ancient civilizations, to confirm this
fact. Babylonians and Egyptians started elementary work in the theory of equations when they
dealt with simple linear and quadratic equations involving only positive roots. Then entered
Euclid and Archimedes with their geometric approaches to the problems. Thereafter Diophantus
and Alkhwarizmi contributed in a big way and enriched the field. Then followed the works of
Indian mathematics, anmathematicians: Bakhali Manuscript, Aryabhata- I, Brahmagupta,
Varahamihira and Sridhara and some mathematicians from China. At the dawn of second
millennium Omar Khayyam, Fibonacci and a few others from Europe and Middle East, worked
in this area. Li Zhi (also known as Li Ye) of China did solve higher degree equations by
numerical methods.
But till the times of Renaissance, the cubic and the quartic, defied the attempts of
mathematicians in producing a universal solution in terms of radicals. When we can find
solutions for a polynomial equation with rational coefficients using only rational numbers and
the operations of addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and extraction of roots, we say
that equation is soluble by radicals. In the sixteenth century the Italian mathematicians, Ferro
(1501-1576), Tartaglia (1500-1557), Cardano (1501-1576), and Ludovico Ferrari (1522-1565),
succeeded in breaking the impasse by their ingenious methods. In the subsequent centuries,
mathematicians broke their heads to extend the methods of the Renaissance scholars, but their
attempts proved futile. Mathematicians of repute like: Bolognese Rafael Bombelli (1526-
1572), Francois Viete (1540-1603), Albert Girard (1595-1632), Rene Descartes (1596-1650) ,
Newton (1642-1727), Leibniz (1646-1716), Michel Rolle (1652-1719), Paolo Ruffini (1765-
1822), Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782), Euler (1707-1783), Alexandre TheophileVandermonde
(1735-1796), Joseph -Louis Lagrange (1736-1813), Edward Waring (1736-1798), Augustin
Louis Cauchy (1789-1859), Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), William George Horner (1786-
1837) and NeilsHenrik Abel (1802-1829), and others tried and recorded their partial success.
Thus numerous mathematicians tried their hand at this, producing valuable insights into the deep
structure of equations and offering several new methods for solving equations of degrees three
and four. Others produced practical numerical methods for solving equations of degrees higher
than four, using successive approximations. They expanded and enriched the field of the theory
of equations enormously. But the sole credit of hitting the nail on its head goes to the young
Galois who gave the final verdict on the polynomial equation that could not be solved in the
most general way. He had the advantage of the availability of the works of Lagrange and Abel
to make ground breaking advances which made him immortal in the world of modern
mathematics.
Originally Galois used permutation groups to describe how the various roots of a given
polynomial equation are related to each other. In fact Group Theory is the discovery of Galois.
It originated in the study of symmetric functions - the coefficients of a polynomial with sign
attached are the elementary symmetric polynomials in the roots. For example, (x - a) (x - b) =
th
3
x
2
(a + b)x + a.b, where (a + b), a.b are the elementary polynomials of degrees 1 and 2 in two
variables. From this view point the Discriminant of a quadratic polynomial is a symmetric
function in the roots which reflects properties of the roots. While Ruffin and Abel established
that the general quantic could not be solved by radicals , however certain particular quinticscan
be solved , and the precise criterion by which a given quantic or higher polynomial could be
determined to be solvable or not was given by Galois, who showed that whether a polynomial
was solvable or not was equivalent to whether or not the permutation group of its roots in
modern terms , its Galois group had a certain structure that is, in other words, whether or not it
was a solvable group? This group is always solvable for polynomials of degree four or less.
This explains why there is no general formulaic solution for the quantic polynomial and
polynomials of higher degrees.
How can permutations of solutions tell us anything about solvability? The fact that permutations
may provide at least some new and meaningful information had long been known in the
nonmathematical world. Anagramswords or phrases formed by the letters of others in
different order do just that. Take the name GALOIS, for instance. Allowing for two word
anagrams leads us to such combinations as OIL GAS,GOAL IS,GO SAIL, and so on.
When Galois was asked about the solvability of an equation, he did not ask simply whether an
equation could be solved or not, but rather what kind of a solution it might have. Finally what
has Galois done? He had not found a new solution in the manner of the Renaissance
mathematicians of Italy. He discovered a fundamental truth about equations of different degrees
in the way Lagrange did and proved this truth, as Abel has done. What he had found was a
method to determine whether any particular equation was solvable by radicals and that method
was next to useless from practical point of view. Galois revels in the impracticality of his
results, which keeps them pure and beautiful, free of the messy, grungy work of prolonged
calculations. And perhaps it is no wonder that the young man who styled himself as a romantic
hero, who mused about the proximity of death and sacrificed his life for love and liberty, would
always value beauty over practicality. Galois saw himself not just as a victim of unjust
persecution but also as a prophet of future mathematics. The future of mathematics according
to Galois, lay not in producing specific results and resolving specific problems. The
mathematicians of future, Galois believed, will be concerned only with the beautiful inner
relations that govern the mathematical world itself, paying no heed to the messy and untidy
demands of lengthy and complicated computations. We quote Matthew Pordage: One of the
endearing things about mathematicians is the extent to which they will go to avoid doing any real
work. What a profound truth lies hidden in the words of Matthew Pordage! The mathematics
of the future will be an analysis of analysis, and his own beautiful but impractical work was but a
harbinger of what it would be like. Galois indeed inspired and paved the path toward the type
of mathematics cherished by the Bourbakians, a century later: highly abstract, focused only on
inner mathematical relations, and unconcerned with specific numerical results.
th
4
Galois started his phenomenal work by showing that every equation has its own symmetry
profilea group of permutations (now called the Galois group) that represents the symmetry
properties of the equation. Earlier to Galois, equations were always classified only by their
degree: as linear, quadratic, cubic, quantic and so on. Galois discovered that symmetry was a
more important characteristic. The Galois group of an equation is the largest group of
permutations the solutions (or roots) that leaves the values of certain combinations of these
solutions unchanged. The maximum number of possible permutations of n solutions of a
polynomial equation of degree n is n!. The group containing all of these permutations is the
group we usually represent as S
n
. Galois was able to show that for any degree n, we can always
find equations for which Galois group is the full S
n
. There are fifth degree equations, for
instance, for which the Galois group is S
5
. We say that such equations possess the maximum
symmetry possible.
Next to this, the remarkable feature of Galois approach lies in the innovative concept of a
subgroup and normal subgroup. (Though he did not use the word normal subgroup essentially
the concept was his in his own style in its formative days). To be brief, he demonstrated that
general polynomial equation of degree n could be solved by radicals if and only if every
subgroup N of the group of permutations S
n
is a normal subgroup. Then demonstrated that every
subgroup of S
n
is normal for all n 4, but not for any n greater than 5. This demonstrated the
impossibility of finding a solution in radicals for all general polynomial equations of degree
greater than 4.
Another stage in Galois innovative scheme, which escaped the imagination of Abel was, this
question. What does it take for an equation to be solvable by a formula? Galois showed that to
be delighted with the luxury of having a formulaic solution, equations must have a Galois group
of a very particular type. Galois was excited to call it a solvable group. When the Galois group
of an equation is solvable, the process of the solution of the equation can be broken up into
simpler steps, each involving only the solutions of equations of lower degree.
To sum up we list three criteria in the scheme of Galois. (1) Maximum Symmetry Principle;
(2) So Normal Subgroup; (3)Solvable Galois Group.
Thus a family of problems dating back for centuries, concerning the solution of polynomial
equations, has been wrapped up once for all. All though Galois work marked the end of the
equation story, it inaugurated the group story. Therefore Galois work is both a remarkable end
and an equally remarkable and marvelous beginning.
References
Mario Livio
[1] The Equation That Couldnt Be Solved, Simon &Schuster Paperbacks- New York
(2005)
Amir Alexander
[1] Duel At Dawn, Harvard University Press, US (2010).
th
5
Key Note Address Title:
Finite Dimension in Vector Spaces and Modules

Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana
AP Scientist Awardee
Fellow, AP Akademy of Sciences
Siksha Rattan Puraskar (New Delhi, Jan.2011)
Glory of India Award (Tailand, 2011)
International Achievers Award (Tahiland, 2011)
One of the TOP-100 PROFESSIONALS (Cambridge, England, 2011)
Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award (New Delhi, 2011)
Deputy Director General, IBC, England, 2011.
Head, Department of Mathematics,
Acharya Nagarjuna University, A.P., India
(Dedicated in memory of Prof. Dr A.W. Goldie, University of Leedsx)
Introduction: It is well known that the dimension of a vector space is defined as the number of
elements in its basis. One can define a basis of a vector space as a maximal set of linearly
independent vectors or a minimal set of vectors, which span the space. The former, when
generalized to modules over rings, becomes the concept of Goldie Dimension. We discuss some
results and examples related to the dimension in Vector Spaces as well as Modules over Rings.
Section-1: Elementary Concepts in Vector Spaces
1.1 Definition: An Abelian group (V, +) is said to be a vector space over a field F if there
exists a mapping from F V to V (the image of (o, v) is denoted by ov) satisfying the
following conditions: (i) o(v + w) = ov + ow; (ii) (o + |) v = ov + |v; (iii) o(|v) =
(o|)v; and (iv) 1.v = v for all o, | e F and v, w e V (here 1 is the multiplicative identity in
F).
1.2 Note: We use F for field. The elements of F are called scalars and the elements of V are
called vectors.
1.3 Remark: Let (v, +) be a vector space over F. Let o e F. Define f : V V by
f(v) = ov for all v e V. Then (i) f is a group homomorphism (or group endomorphism). (ii) If
o = 0 then f is an isomorphism.
1.4 Examples: (i) Let K be a field and F be a subfield of K. Then K is a vector space over
F.
th
and Mr Mohiddin Shaw Shaik.) 6
(ii) Let F be a field. Write V = F
n
= {(x
1
, x
2
,..., x
n
) / x
i
e F, 1 s i s n}. Define o(x
1
, x
2
,...,
x
n
) = (ox
1
, ox
2
, ..., ox
n
) for o e F and (x
1
, x
2
, ..., x
n
) e F
n
. Then F
n
is a vector space. If we
take F = R, the field of real numbers, then we conclude that the n-dimensional Euclidean space
R
k
is a vector space over R.
(iii) Let F be a field. Consider F[x], the ring of polynomials over F. Write V
n
= {f(x) / f(x) e
F[x] and deg.(f(x)) s n}. Then (V
n
, +) is an Abelian group where + is the addition of
polynomials. Now for any o e F and f(x) = a
0
+ a
1
x + ... + a
n
x
n
e V
n
, define o(f(x)) =
oa
0
+ oa
1
x + ... + oa
n
x
n
. Then V
n
is a vector space over F.
1.5 Definition: Let V be a vector space over F and W _ V. Then W is called a subspace of
V if W is a vector space over F under the same operation. (Equivalently, W is a subspace if it
satisfies the condition: v, w e W, o, | e F ov + |w e W).
1.6 To construct a quotient space of V by W: Let V be a vector space and W be a subspace
of V. Define ~ on V as a ~ b iff a b e W. Clearly this ~ is an equivalence relation and
a + W is the equivalence class containing a e V. Write V/W = {a + W / a e V}. Define +
on V/W as (a + W) + (b + W) = (a + b) + W. Since V is an Abelian group we have that
(V/W, +) is also an Abelian group. Now to get vector space structure, let us define the scalar
product between o e F and a + W e V/W as o(a + W) = oa + W. Now V/W becomes a vector
space over F and it is called the quotient space of V by W.
Linear Independence and Bases
1.7 Definition: Suppose V is a vector space over F. (i) If v
i
e V and o
i
e F for 1 s i s n,
then o
1
v
1
+ o
2
v
2
+ ... + o
n
v
n
is called a linear combination of v
1
, v
2
, ..., v
n
.
(ii) For S _ V, we write L(S) = {o
1
v
1
+ o
2
v
2
+ ... + o
n
v
n
/ n e N, v
i
e S and o
i
e F for
1 s i s n} = the set of all linear combinations of finite number of elements of S. This L(S) is
called the linear span of S.
1.8 Note: (i) S _ L(S); (ii) L(S) is a subspace of V; (iii) S _ T L(S) _ L(T);
(iv) L(S T) = L(S) + L(T); (v) L(L(S)) = L(S); (vi) L(S) is the smallest subspace containing
S.
1.9 Definitions: (i) The vector space V is said to be finite-dimensional (over F) if there is a
finite subset S in V such that L(S) = V.
(ii) If V is a vector space and v
i
e V for 1 s i s n, then we say that v
i
, 1 s i s n are
linearly dependent over F if there exists elements a
i
e F, 1 s i s n, not all of them equal to
zero, such that a
1
v
1
+ a
2
v
2
+ ... + a
n
v
n
= 0.
th
(iii) If the vectors v
i
, 1 s i s n are not linearly dependent over F, then they are said to be
linearly independent over F.
1.10 Lemma: Let V be a vector space over F. If v
1
, v
2
, ..., v
n
e V are linearly independent,
then every element v in their linear span has a unique representation as v =
1
v
1
+
2
v
2
+ ...
+
n
v
n
with
i
e F, 1 s i s n.
1.11 Corollary: Let v
i
e V, 1 s i s n and W = L({v
i
/ 1 s i s n}). If v
1
, v
2
, ... , v
k
are
linearly independent, then we can find a subset of {v
i
/ 1 s i s n}, of the form S = {v
1
, v
2
, ... ,
v
k
, v
i1
, v
i2
, ... v
ir
} such that (i) S is linearly independent and (ii) L(S) = W.
1.12 Definition: (i) A subset S of a vector space V is called a basis of V if the elements of S
are linearly independent, and V = L(S); and
(ii) Let S be a basis for a vector space V. If S contains finite number of elements, then V is
a finite dimensional vector space. If S contains infinite number of elements then V is called
an infinite dimensional vector space;
(iii) If V is a finite dimensional vector space, and S is a basis for V, n = |S|, then the integer
n is called the dimension of V over F, and we write n = dim V.
1.13 Lemma: If V is finite dimensional and if W is a sub space of V, then (i) W is finite
dimensional, (ii) dim W s dim V, and (iii) dim (V/W) = dim V dim W.
1.14 Corollary: If A and B are finite dimensional sub spaces of a vector space V. Then
(i) A + B is finite dimensional; and (ii) dim (A + B) = dim A + dim B dim (A B).
Section-2: Elementary concepts in Modules
2.1 Definition: Let R be an associative ring. An Abelian group (M, +) is said to be a module
over R if there exists a mapping f : R M M (the image of (r, m) is denoted by rm)
satisfying the following three conditions:
(i) r(a+b) = ra + rb; (ii) (r+s)a = ra + sa; and (iii) r(sa) = (rs)a for all a, b e M and r, s e R.
Moreover if R is ring with identity 1, and if 1m = m for all m e M, then M is called a
unital RModule.
2.2 Example: (i) Every ring R is a module over it self;
(ii) Every group is a module over Z;
(iii) Every vector space over a field F, is a module over the ring F;
(iv) Let (G, +) be an Abelian group. Write R = {f: G G / f is a group homomorphism}.
th
Define (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) for all x e G and f, g e R. Then (R, +) becomes an additive
Abelian group. The zero function is the additive identity and (-f) is the additive inverse of
f e R where f is defined by (-f)(x) = -(f(x)) for all x e G. Define (f.g)(x) = f(g(x)) for
all f, g e R and x e G. Then (R, .) is a semigroup. The distributive laws f(g + h) = fg +
gh and (f + g)h = fh + gh hold good. So (R, +, .) becomes a ring with identity (Here identity
function on G acts as identity element in R). For any f e R and a e G, the element fa (the
image of a under f) is in G. Now G is a module over R.
(v) Let R be a ring and L a left ideal of R. Define a ~ b a b e L for any a, b e R.
Then ~ is an equivalence relation and the equivalence class containing a is [a] = a + L.
Write M = {a + L / a e R}. If we define (a + L) + (b + L) = (a + b) + L on M, then (M, +)
is an Abelian group. Here 0 + L is the additive identity and (- a) + L is the inverse of (a + L)
in M. For any r e R, a + L e M, if we define r(a + L) = ra + L, then M is an R-module. It
is called quotient module of R by L.
2.3 Definitions: (i) Let M be an R-Module. A subgroup (A, +) of (M, +) is said to be a
submodule of M if r e R, a e A then ra e A.
(ii) If M is an R-module and M
1
, M
2
, , M
s
are submodules of M, then M is said to be the
direct sumof M
i
, 1 s i s s if every element m e M can be written in a unique manner as
m = m
1
+ m
2
+ + m
s
where m
i
e M
i
, 1 s i s s.
(iii) An R-Module M is said to be cyclic if there exists an element a e M such that M = {ra /
r e R}.
(iv) An R-module is said to be finitely generated if there exist elements a
j
e M, 1 s j s n
such that M = {r
1
a
1
+ + r
n
a
n
/ r
j
e R, for 1 s j s n}.
2.4 Definition: (i) If K, A are submodules of M, and K is a maximal submodule of M such
that K A = (0), then K is said to be a complement of A (or a complement submodule in
M).
(ii) A non-zero submodule K of M is called essential (or large) in M (or M is an essential
extension of K) if A is a submodule of M and K A = (0), imply A = (0).

2.5 Remark: (i) If V is a vector space and W is a subspace of V, then W has no proper
essential extensions.
(ii). If W, W
1
are two subspaces of V such that W is essential in W
1
, then W = W
1
(iii). Every subspace W is a complement.
Section -3: FINITE GOLDIE DIMENSION IN MODULES
Hence forth, R denotes a fixed (not necessarily commutative) ring with 1.
th
3.1 Definition: (i) M has finite Goldie dimension (abbr. FGD) if M does not contain a direct
sum of infinite number of non-zero submodules. [Equivalently, M has FGD if for any strictly
increasing sequence H
0
_ H
1
_ of submodules of M, there exists an integer i such that H
k
is an essential submodule in H
k+1
for every k > i].
(ii) A non-zero submodule K of M is said to be an uniform submodule if every non-zero
submodule of K is essential in K.
With the concepts defined above, Goldie proved the following Theorem.
3.2 Theorem: (Goldie): If M is a module with finite Goldie dimension, then there exist
uniform submodules U
1
, U
2
, , U
n
whose sum is direct and essential in M. The number n is
independent of the uniform sumodules. The number n of the above theorem is called the
Goldie dimension of M, and is denoted by dim M.
3.3 Remark: (i) Let W be a subspace of V. Then W is uniform dim W = 1.
(ii) For any subspace W, we have that dim W = 1 W is indecomposable.
3.4 Note (i): As in vector space theory, for any submodules K, H of M such that
K M = (0), the condition dim (K + H) = dim K + dim H holds.
(ii) If K and H are isomorphic, then dim K = dim H.
(iii) When we observe the following example, we will learn that the condition
dim (M/K) = dim M dim K does not hold for a general submodule K of M.
3.5 Example: Consider Z, the ring of integers. Since Z is uniform Z-module, we have that
dim Z = 1. Suppose p
1
, p
2
, , p
k
are distinct primes and consider K, the submodule generated
by the product of these primes. Now Z/K is isomorphic to the external direct sum of the
modules Z/(p
i
) where (p
i
) denotes the submodule of Z generated by p
i
(for 1 s i s k) and so
dim Z/K = k. For k > 2, dim Z dim K = 1-1 = 0 = k = dim (Z/K). Hence, there arise a type
of submodules K which satisfy the condition dim (M/K) = dim M dim K. In this connection,
Goldie obtained the following Theorem.
3.6 Theorem: (Goldie [1]): If M has finite Goldie dimension and K is a complement
submodule, then dim (M/K) = dim M dim K.
On the way of getting the converse for Theorem 3.6, the concept E-irreducible submodule of M
was introduced in Satyanarayana [1].
3.7 Definition: A submodule H of M is said to be E-irreducible if H = K J where K
and J are submodules of M, and H is essential in K, imply H = K or H = J.
th
3.8 Note: Every complement submodule is an E-irreducible submodule, but the converse is not
true.
3.9 Example: Consider Z, the ring of integers and Z
12
the ring of integers module 12. The
principle submodule K of the Z-module Z
12
generated by 2, is E-irreducible submodule, but it
is not a complement submodule.
It is proved in Reddy & Satyanarayana [1] that:
3.10 Theorem: (Reddy Satyanarayana): If K is a submodule of an R-module M and
f : MM/K is the canonical epimorphism, then the conditions given below are equivalent:
(i) K = M or K is not essential, but E-irreducible;
(ii) K has no proper essential extensions;
(iii) K is a complement;
(iv) For any submodule K
1
of M containing K, we have that K
1
is a complement in M f(K
1
)
is complement in M/K; and
(v) f(S) is essential in M/K for any essential submodule S of M.
Moreover, if M has FGD, then each of the above conditions (i) to (v) are equivalent to
(vi) M/K has FGD and dim (M/K) = dim M dim K.
3.11 Note: The converse of the Theorem 3.6, is a part of the Theorem 3.10.
As consequence of Theorem 3.10, we have the following Theorem 3.12.
3.12 Theorem: (Reddy Satyanarayana [1]): If M is an R-module, then the following
conditions are equivalent:
(i) M is a completely reducible module;
(ii) Every submodule of M is a complement submodule
(iii) Every proper submodule of M is not an essential submodule, but it is an E-irreducible
sumodule;
(iv) Every proper submodule of M has no proper essential extensions;
(v) For any submodule K of M with the canonical epimorphism f : M M/K, we have that: K
1
is a complement submodule in M f(K
1
) is a complement submodule in M/K; and
(vi) For any submodule K of M with the canonical epimorphism f : M M/K, we have that: S
is an essential submodule in M imply f(S) is an essential submodule in M/K.
Moreover, if M has finite Goldie dimension, then the above conditions are equivalent to each of
the following:
(vii) M has the descending chain condition on its submodules and M is completely reducible;
and
(viii) For any submodule K of M, we have that M/K has finite Goldie dimension and
dim (M/K) = dim M dim K.
th
E-direct systems:
3.13 Definition: A family {M
i
}
ieI
of submodules of M is said to be an E-direct system if,
for any finite number of elements i
1
, i
2
, , i
k
of I there is an element i
0
e I such that
0
i
M _
1
i
M + +
k
i
M and
0
i
M is non-essential submodule of M.
3.14 Theorem: (Satyanarayana [1]): For an R-module M the following two conditions are
equivalent: (i) M has FGD; and
(ii) Every E-direct system of non-zero submodules of M is bounded above by a non-essential
submodule of M.
Section 4: FUZZY DIMENSION IN MODULES:
4.1 Definition: Let M be a unitary R-module and : M [0, 1] is a mapping. is said to be
a fuzzy submodule if the following conditions hold:
(i) (m + m
1
) > min{(m), (m
1
)} for all m and m
1
e M; and
(ii) (am) > (m) for all m e M, a e R.
This concept (given in Definition 4.1) of "fuzzy submodule" is a generalization of the
definition of "fuzzy submodule" studied by Fu-Zheng PAN [ 1, 2 ], Golan [ 1 ] and Negoeta &
Ralescu [ 1 ].
4.2 Proposition: If M is a unitary R-module, : M [0, 1] is a fuzzy set with (am) > (m)
for all m e M, a e R then the following two conditions are true.
(i). for all 0 = a e R, (am) = (m) if a is left invertible; and
(ii). (-m) = (m).
4.3 Corollary: If : M [0, 1] is a fuzzy submodule and m, m
1
e M, then (m - m
1
) >
min{(m), (m
1
)}.
4.4 Proposition: If : M [0, 1] is a fuzzy submodule, m, m
1
e M and (m) > (m
1
), then
(m + m
1
) = (m
1
).
4.5 Corollary: If : M [0, 1] is a mapping satisfies the condition (am) > (m) for all
m e M and a e R, then the following conditions are equivalent:
(i) (m - m
1
) > min{(m), (m
1
)}; and
(ii) (m + m
1
) > min{(m), (m
1
)}.
4.6 Corollary: If : M [0, 1] is a fuzzy submodule and m, m
1
e M with (m) = (m
1
),
then (m + m
1
) = min{(m), (m
1
)}.
4.7 Proposition: If : M [0, 1] is a fuzzy submodule, then
th
(i) (0) > (m) for all m e M ; and (ii) (0) = ( ) m Sup
M m

e
.
Level Submodules
Now, we discuss few results on level submodules.
4.8 Theorem: A fuzzy subset of a module M is a fuzzy submodule
t
is a submodule
of M for all t e [0, (0)].
4.9 Definition: Let be any fuzzy submodule. The submodules
t
, t e [0, 1] where
t
= {x e M / (x) > t} are called level submodules of .
4.10 Result : Let M
1
_ M. Define (x) = 1 if x e M
1
,
= 0 otherwise.
Then the following conditions are equivalent:
(i) is a fuzzy submodule; and (ii) M
1
is a submodule of M.
4.11 Proposition: Let be a fuzzy submodule of M and
t
,
s
(with t < s) be two
level submodules of . Then the following two conditions are equivalent:
(i)
t
=
s
; and (ii) there is no x e M such that t s (x) < s.
Minimal Elements
Now we introduce the concept "minimal element".
4.12 Definition: An element x e M is said to be a minimal element if the submodule generated
by x is minimal in the set of all non-zero submodules of M.
4.13 Theorem: If M has DCC on its submodules, then every nonzero submodule of M
contains a minimal element.
There are modules which do not satisfy DCC on its submodules, but contains a minimal
element. For this we observe the following example.
4.14 Example: Write M = 6. Now M is a module over the ring R = .
Clearly M have no DCC on its submodules. Consider a = (0, 2) e M. Now the submodule
generated by a, that is, a = {(0, 0), (0, 2), (0, 4)} is a minimal element in the set of all non-zero
submodules of M. Hence a is a minimal element.
Every minimal element is an u-element. The converse is not true. For this observe the
example 4.15 (given below). If M is a vector space over a field R, then every non-zero
element is a minimal element as well as an u-element.
th
4.15 Example: Write M = as a module over the ring R = ..
Since is a uniform module, and 1 is a generator, we have that 1 is an u-element. But 2 is a
proper submodule of 1. = = M. Hence 1 cannot be a minimal element. Thus 1 is an
u-element but not a minimal element.
4.16 Theorem: Suppose is a fuzzy submodule of M.
(i) If a e M, then for any x e Ra we have (x) > (a); and
(ii) If a is a minimal element, then for any 0 = x e Ra we have (x) = (a).
4.17 Lemma: If x is an u-element of a module M with DCC on submodules, then there exist
minimal element y e Rx such that Ry s
e
Rx.
4.18 Theorem: If M has DCC on its submodules, then there exist linearly independent minimal
elements x
1
, x
2
, .., x
n
in M where n = dim M, and the sum <x
1
> + .+ <x
n
> is direct and
essential in M. Also B = {x
1
, x
2
,.,x
n
} forms a basis for M.
Fuzzy Linearly Independent Elements
4.19 Definition: Let M be a module and a fuzzy submodule of M. x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
e M are said
to be fuzzy -linearly independent ( or fuzzy linearly independent with respect to ) if
(i) x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
are linearly independent; and
(ii) (y
1
+ + y
n
) = min{(y
1
), , (y
n
)} for any y
i
e Rx
i
, 1 s i s n.
4.20 Theorem: Let be a fuzzy submodule on M. If x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
are minimal elements in M
with distinct -values, then x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
are (i). linearly independent; and (ii). fuzzy -linearly
independent.
Fuzzy Dimension
4.21 Definition: (i). Let be a fuzzy submodule on M. A subset B of M is said to be a fuzzy
pseudo basis for if B is a maximal subset of M such that x
1
, x
2
,.., x
k
are fuzzy linearly
independent for any finite subset { x
1
, x
2
,.., x
k
} of B.
(ii). Consider the set = {k / there exist a fuzzy pseudo basis B for with |B| = k}. If has no
upper bound then we say that the fuzzy dimension of is infinite.
We denote this fact by S-dim() = . If has an upper bound, then the fuzzy dimension of is
sup . We denote this fact by S-dim() = sup .
If m = S-dim() = sup , then a fuzzy pseudo basis B for with |B| = m, is called as fuzzy basis
for the fuzzy submodule .
4.22 Result: Suppose M has FGD and is a fuzzy submodule on M. Then
th
(i). |B| s dim M for any fuzzy pseudo basis B for ; and (ii). S-dim () s dim M.
4.23 Definition: A module M is said to have a fuzzy basis if there exists an essential submodule
A of M and a fuzzy submodule on A such that S-dim() = dim M. The fuzzy pseudo basis of
is called as fuzzy basis for M.
4.24 Remark: If M has FGD, then every fuzzy basis for M is a basis for M.
4.25 Theorem: Let M be a module with DCC on submodules. Then M has a fuzzy basis (In
other words, there exists an essential submodule A of M and a fuzzy submodule of A such that
S-dim() = dim M).
Acknowledgements
The author thank the authorities of KBN College, Vijayawada for their affection towards
mathematics, and encouragement to conduct a National Seminar on Algebra in the College.
He also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), and Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Head of
the Department of Mathematics) for inviting me to present this Key Note Address at the
One day National Seminar on 25
th
October 2011 (the 200 Birth day of Galois).
Reference
Chatters A.W & Hajarnivas C.R
[1] "Rings with Chain Conditions", Research Notes in Mathematics, Pitman Advanced
publishing program, Boston-London-Melbourne, 1980.
Fu-Zheng Pan
[1] "Fuzzy finitely generated Modules", Fuzzy sets and Systems 21 (1987) 105-113.
[2] "Fuzzy Quotient Modules", Fuzzy sets and Systems 28 (1988) 85-90.
Golan J. S.
[1] "Making Modules Fuzzy", Fuzzy sets and Systems 32(1989) 91-94.
Goldie A.W
[1] "The Structure of Noetherian Rings", Lectures on Rings and Modules, Springer Verlag,
New York, Lecture Notes, 246 (1974) 213-31.
Lambek J
[1]"Lectures on Rings and Modules", Blaisdell Publishing Co., 1966.
Negotia C.A. & Ralescu D. A.
[1] "Applications of Fuzzy sets to system Analysis", Birkhauser, Basel, 1975.
Pilz G
[1] Near-rings, North-Holland pub., 1983.
Reddy Y.V and Satyanarayana Bh
[1] "A Note on Modules", Proc. Japan Acad., 63-A (1987) 208-211.
Satyanarayana Bh
[1] A Note on E-direct and S-inverse Systems, Proc. Japan Academy 64A(1988) 292 295.
th
[2] Lecture on "Modules with Finite Goldie dimension and Finite Spanning dimension",
International Conference on General Algebra, Krems, Vienna, Austria, August, 21-27,
1988.
[3] "The Injective Hull of a Module with FGD", Indian J. Pure & Appl. Math. 20 (1989)
874-883.
[4] "On Modules with Finite Goldie Dimension" J. Ramanujan Math. Society. 5 (1990)
61-75.
[5] Lecture on "Modules with Finite Spanning Dimension", Asian Mathematical Society
Conference, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, August 14-18, 1990.
[6] "On Essential E-irreducible submodules", Proc., 4
th
Ramanujan symposium on Algebra
and its Applications, University of Madras, Feb 1-3 (1995), pp 127-129.
Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Mohiddin Shaw Sk
[1] "On Fuzzy Dimension of a Module with DCC on Submodules, Acharya Nagarjuna
International Journal of Mathematics and Information Technology, 01 (2004), 13-32.
[2] Fuzzy Dimension of Modules over Rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010,
(ISBN 978-3-639-23197-7)
Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Mohiddin Shah Sk, Eswaraiah Setty S, and Babu Prasad M.
[1] A generalization of Dimension of Vector Space to Modules over Associative Rings,
International Journal of Computational Mathematical Ideas, Vol. 1., No. 2 (2009) 39 46
(India). (ISSN : 0974 8652)
Satyanarayana Bh and Syam Prasad K
[1] A Result on E-direct systems in N-groups , Indian J. Pure & Appl. Math. 29 (1998)
285-287.
[2] "On Direct & Inverse Systems in N-groups", Indian J. Maths (BN Prasad Birth
Commemoration Volume) 42 (2000) 183 - 192.
[3] Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (for B.Tech/B.Sc/M.Sc.,(Maths)) Printice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2009 (ISBN: 978-81-203-3842-5).
Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad K & Nagaraju D.
[1] "A Theorem on Modules with Finite Goldie Dimension", Soochow Journal of
Mathematics, 32, No.2 (2006) 311-315.
Sharpe D.W and Vamaos P
[1] "Injective Modules", Cambridge University Press, 1972.
Varada Rajan K
[1] "Dual Goldie Dimension", Communications in Algebra, 7(1979) 565-610.
Zadeh L.A.
[1] "Fuzzy Sets", Information and Control, 8(1965) 338-353
THE HIGHEST FORM OF PURE THOUGHT IS IN MATHEMATICS
..PLATO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIFE IS GOOD FOR ONLY TWO THINGS.
DISCOVERING MATHEMATICS, AND TEACHING
MATHEMATICS .. SIMEON POISSON
th
GALOIS), KBN College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana,
Mr. VVN Suresh Kumar and Mr Mohiddin Shaw Shaik.)
16
Prime Graph of
n
and
Zero Square Ring S(
3
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Satyanarayana, Syam Prasad and Nagaraju [1] introduced the concept Prime Graph of R
(denoted by PG(R)), where R is a given associative ring. This concept prime graph of a
ring is a new bridge between the graph theory and ring theory. This concept provides a
geometric presentation of rings via graph theory. This paper is divided in to three
sections. In Section-1, we collect some definitions and examples from Satyanarayana,
Syam Prasad and Nagaraju [1]. In Section-2, we construct the prime graph of S(
2
), and
observed certain important properties of S(
2
). In Ssection-3, we construct the prime
graph of S(
3
).
1.1 Definition: A non empty set R is said to be a ring (or an associative ring) if there
exists two binary operations + and . on R satisfying the three conditions:
(i) (R, +) is an Abelian group; (ii) (R, .) is a semi-group; and
(iii) a.(b + c) = a.b + a.c, and (a + b).c = a.c + b.c for any a, b, c R.
More over, if a ring R satisfies the condition a.b = b.a for all a, b R, then we say that R
is a commutative ring. If R contains the multiplicative identity, then we say that R is a
ring with identity.
1.2 Definition: Let R be a ring, and I R. Then (i) I is said to be a left ideal of R
if I is a subgroup of (R, +) and ra I for every r R, a I; (ii) I is said to be a right
ideal of R if I is a subgroup of (R, +) and ar I for every r R, a I.; and (iii) I is
said to be an ideal (or two sided ideal) of R if I is both left and right ideal.
1.3 Definition: An ideal P of R is said to be prime if A, B are two ideals of R, and
AB P A P or B P (equivalently, a, b R and aRb P a P or b P).
1.4 Definitions: A linear graph (or simply a graph) G = (V, E) consists of a set of
objects V = {v
1
, v
2
, } called vertices, and another set E = {e
1
, e
2
, } whose elements
are called edges such that each edge e
k
is identified with an unordered pair (v
i
, v
j
) of
vertices. v
i
and v
j
are called the end points of e
k
. If V and E are finite sets then the graph
G is said to be a finite graph. A graph G is said to be a null graph if it contains no edges,
that is E = . An edge connecting two vertices u and v is denoted by vu or uv . A graph
G is said to be simple if it contains no loops and multiple edges. The number of edges
incident to a vertex v is called the degree of the vertex v, and it is denoted by d(v). Each
maximal connected subgraph of a graph G is called a component of the graph G. The
distance between the two vertices x and y is denoted by d(x, y).
1.5 Definitions: Let G = (V, E) be a graph and X V. Write E
1
= {xy E /
x, y X}. Then G
1
= (X, E
1
) is a subgraph of G and it is called as the subgraph
generated by X (or the maximal subgraph with vertex set X ). If v
1
, v
2
, v
3
are vertices,
and the maximal subgraph with vertex set {v
1
, v
2
, v
3
} forms a triangle, then we say that
the set {v
1
, v
2
, v
3
} is a triangle (or forms a triangle). In a graph G, a subset S of V(G) is
Short Talk
-----------------
Mr. Mohiddin Shaw
th
17
said to be a dominating set for G (or in G) if every vertex not in S has a neighbor in S.
The domination number, denoted by (G) is defined as min{|S| / S is a dominating set in
G}. This domination number is an important parameter in graph theory. If d(v) = k for
every vertex v of a given graph G, for some fixed positive integer k, then the graph G is
called a k-regular graph (or a regular graph, or a regular graph of degree k). A
complete graph is a simple graph in which each pair of distinct vertices is joined by an
edge. The complete graph on n vertices is denoted by K
n
. It is clear that a complete
graph is a regular graph of degree (n - 1), where n is the number of vertices. A
Hamiltonian path in a graph G is a path (with out repetition of vertices) which contains
every vertex of G. A Hamiltonian cycle in a graph G is a cycle which contains every
vertex of G. A graph G is called Hamiltonian if it has a Hamiltonian cycle. (Note.13.13,
Page 351 [ 2 ])Every complete graph on more than two vertices is a Hamiltonian graph.
For further concepts related to Ring Theory and Graph Theory, we refer Herstein
[1], Lambek [1], Narsing Deo [1] and Satyanarayana & Syam Prasad [ 2 ].
1.6 Definition: Let R be a ring. A graph G(V, E) is said to be a prime graph of R
(denoted by PG(R)) if V = R and E = { xy / xRy = 0 or yRx = 0, and x y}
1.7 ( Examples: Consider
n
, the ring of integers modulo n.
(i) Let us construct the graph PG(R), where R =
4
. We know that R =
4
= {0, 1, 2, 3}.
So V(PG(R)) = {0, 1, 2, 3}. Since 0R1 = 0, 0R2 = 0, 0R3 = 0, we have that
01, 02, 03 E(PG(R)). There are no other edges, as there are no two distinct non-zero
elements x, y R such that xRy = 0. So E(PG(R)) = { 01, 02, 03 }.
Now PG(R) is given in Figure 1.7(iii).
(ii) Let us construct the graph PG(R), where R =
6
. We know that R =
6
= {0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5}. So V(PG(R)) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Since 0R1 = 0, 0R2 = 0, 0R3 = 0, 0R4 = 0,
0R5 = 0, 2R3 = 0, 3R4 = 0, we have that 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 23, 34 E(PG(R)). So
E(PG(R)) = { 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 23, 34 }.
Now PG(R) is given in Figure 1.7(vi).
1.8 Definition: A ring R is said to be a zero square ring of type-1 if x
2
= 0 for all
x R, and there exists two elements a, b R such that ab 0. If R is a non-zero
Boolean ring, then x
2
= x for all x R. Hence every non-zero Boolean ring can not be a
zero square ring of type-1.
0

1
2
3
PG(R) = PG(
4
)
Fig. 1.7(iii)
1
2

3
4
5
Fig. 1.7 (vi) PG(R) = PG(
6
)
th
18
1.9 Definition: Let R be a non null ring (that is, R
2
0). Now define a new ring
(denoted by S(R) where S(R) = R R R, define addition on S(R) component wise, and
multiplication by (x
1
, y
1
, z
1
).(x
2
, y
2
, z
2
) = (0, 0, x
1
y
2
- x
2
y
1
).
Stanley [ 1 ] mentioned that (S(R))
2
0 (that is S(R) is not a null ring, if R is not a
null ring) and a
2
= 0 for all a S(R). Hence S(R) is a zero square ring of type-1.
2. Prime graph of the Zero Square Ring S(
2
).
Now we construct the prime graph of the S(
2
).
2.1. Construction: To construct the prime graph of S(
2
), consider the vertex set
V = { x
0
, x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
, x
5
, x
6
, x
7
}, where x
0
= (0,0,0), x
1
= (0,0,1), x
2
= (0,1,0),
x
3
= (0,1,1), x
4
= (1,0,0), x
5
= (1,0,1), x
6
= (1,1,0), x
7
= (1,1,1).
The edge set is E(S) ={ xy / xRy = 0 or yRx = 0 and x y } = { x
0
x
1
, x
0
x
2
, x
0
x
3
, x
0
x
4
,
x
0
x
5
, x
0
x
6
, x
0
x
7
, x
1
x
2,
x
1
x
3,
x
1
x
4,
x
1
x
5,
x
1
x
6,
x
1
x
7,
x
2
x
3,
x
4
x
5,
x
6
x
7
}.
2.2 Note: (i). It is known that a non-empty graph with at least two vertices is bipartite if
and only if it has no odd cycles. PG(
2
) is not a bipartite graph because it contains
cycles of odd length.
(ii). Since PG(
2
) contains some vertices of odd degree, we conclude that PG(
2
) is not
an Euler Graph
(iii) PG(
2
) is not a Hamiltonian graph, because there is no circuit running through all
the vertices exactly once.
(iv). The domination number for this graph is one (Note that the set {x
1
} forms a
dominating set for this graph).
3. Prime graph of the Zero Square Ring S(
3
).
In this Section, we construct the prime graph of S(
3
). We use the following
notation throughout this section.
3.1 Notation: Consider the ring S(
3
) =
3
x
3
x
3
, with component wise addition
and the product defined by (a
1
, a
2
, a
3
).(b
1
, b
2
, b
3
) = (0, 0, a
1
b
2
- a
2
b
1
). The vertex set
V(S(
3
)) = { x
i
/ 0 i 26}, where x
0
= (0,0,0), x
1
= (0,0,1), x
2
= (0,0,2),
x
3
= (0,1,0), x
4
= (0,1,1), x
5
= (0,1,2), x
6
= (0,2,0), x
7
= (0,2,1), x
8
= (0,2,2),
x
9
= (1,0,0), x
10
= (1,0,1), x
11
= (1,0,2), x
12
= (1,1,0), x
13
= (1,1,1), x
14
= (1,1,2),
x
15
= (1,2,0), x
16
= (1,2,1), x
17
= (1,2,2), x
18
= (2,0,0), x
19
= (2,0,1), x
20
= (2,0,2),
x
21
= (2,1,0), x
22
= (2,1,1), x
23
= (2,1,2), x
24
= (2,2,0), x
25
= (2,2,1), x
26
= (2,2,2).
and the edge set E(S(
3
)) = { xy / x, y S(
3
), xS(
3
)y =0, x y }.
IF PEOPLE DO NOT BELIEVE THAT MATHEMATICS
IS SIMPLE, IT IS ONLY BECAUSE THEY DO NOT
REALISE HOW COMPLICATED THE LIFE IS
th
19
Figure -A
x
13
x
12
x
11
x
16
x
15
x
14
x
19
x
18
x
17
x
23
x
22
x
21
x
26
x
25
x
24
x
20
x
19
x
18
x
8
x
13 x
4
x
3
x
6
x
7
x
5
Everest Galois first used the term GROUP.
The Algebraic System GAMMA-NEAR-RING (that
paved a new for mathematical researchers) was
introduced by Bhavanari Satyanarayana in 1984.
th
20
Acknowledgements
mathematics, and encouragement to conduct a National Seminar on Algebra in the College. He
also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Head of the Department
of Mathematics), and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for accepting to
present this survey article at the One day National Seminar on 25
th
October 2011 (the 200 Birth
day of Galois).
References
Herstein I. N
[1]. Topics in Algebra, Vikas Publishing House, 1983.
Lambek. J
[1]. Lectures on Rings and Modules, Blaisdel. Publ. Co. 1966.
Satyanarayana
[1] Contributions to Near-ring Theory, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010
(ISBN: 978-3-639-22417-7).
Satyanarayana Bhavanari Godloza Lungisile and Nagaraju Dasari
[ 1 ] Ideals and Direct Product of Zero Square Rings, East Asian Mathematical
Journal., 24(2008) 377-387
. Satyanarayana Bhavanari & Mohiddin Shaw Sk,
[1] Fuzzy Dimension of Modules over Rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany,
2010, (ISBN 978-3-639-23197-7)
Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Nagarju Dasari
[1] Dimension and Graph Theoretic Aspects of Rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller,
Germany, 2011, (ISBN 978-3-639-30558-6)
Satyanarayana Bhavanari , Nagaraju Dasari, Balamurugan K. S., & Godloza. L
[1] "Finite Dimension in Associative Rings", Kyungpook Mathematical Journal, 48
(2008) 37-43.
Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Rama Prasad J L
[1] Fuzzy Prime Submodules, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010,
(ISBN 978-3-639-24355-0)
Satyanarayana Bhavanari & Syam Prasad Kuncham
[1] "An Isomorphism theorem on Directed Hypercubes of Dimension n", Indian J. Pure
& Appl. Mathematics, 34 (2003) 1453-1457.
[ 2 ] Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory, Printice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2009.
Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad Kuncham and Nagaraju Dasari
[ 1 ] Prime Graph of a Ring, Prime Graph of a Ring, Journal of Combinatories,
Informations & Systems Sciences, 35 (2010).
Stanley Richard P
[1].. "Zero Square Rings", Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 30 (1969) 811-824.
Syam Prasad Kuncham & Satyanarayana Bhavanari
Dimension of N-groups and Fuzzy ideals in Gamma Near-rings, VDM Verlag Dr
Muller, Germany, 2011, (ISBN 978-3- 639-30558-624851-7).
West D. B
[ 1 ] . "Introduction to Graph Theory 2
nd
Edition", Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
2002.
NOETHER IS THE MOTHER OF MODERN ALGEBRA
th
21
On Gamma Near-Rings
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Introduction:
In recent decades interest has arisen in algebraic systems with binary operations addition
and multiplication satisfying all the ring axioms except possibly one of the distributive
laws and commutativity of addition. Such systems are called Near-rings. A natural
example of a near-ring is given by the set M(G) of all mappings of an additive group G
(not necessarily abelian) into itself with addition and multiplication defined by
(f + g)(a) = f(a) + g(a); and (fg)(a) = f(g(a)) for all f, g e M(G) and a e G.
The concept I-ring, a generalization of ring was introduced by Nobusawa [1] and
generalized by Barnes [ 1 ]. Later Satyanarayana [1], Satyanarayana, Pradeep Kumar &
Srinivasa Rao [1 ] also contributed to the theory of I-rings. A generalization of both the
concepts near-ring and the I-ring, namely I-near-ring was introduced by
Satyanarayana [ 2 ] and later studied by several authors like: Booth [ 1 ], Booth &
Godloza [1], Syam Prasad [1], Satyanarayana, Pradeep kumar, Sreenadh, and Eswaraiah
Setty [1].
1.1 Definition: An algebraic system (N, +, .) is called a near-ring (or a right near-ring) if
it satisfies the following three conditions:
(i) (N, +) is a group (not necessarily Abelian); (ii) (N, .) is a semi-group; and
(iii) (n
1
+ n
2
)n
3
= n
1
n
3
+ n
2
n
3
(right distributive law) for all n
1
, n
2
, n
3
e N.
In general n.0 need not be equal to 0 for all n in N. If a near-ring N satisfies the
property n.0 = 0 for all n in N, then we say that N is a zero-symmetric near-ring.
1.2. Definitions: A normal subgroup I of (N, +) is said to be
(i) a left ideal of N if n(n
1
+ i) nn
1
e I for all i e I and n, n
1
e N (Equivalently,
n(i + n
1
) nn
1
e I for all i e I and n, n
1
e N); (ii) a right ideal of N if IN _ I; and
(iii) an ideal if I is a left ideal and also a right ideal.
If I is an ideal of N then we denote it by I N.
1.3. Definitions: (i) An ideal P of N (with P = N) is said to be a prime ideal of N if it
satisfies the condition: I, J are ideals of N, IJ _ P, implies I _ P or J _ P.
(ii) An ideal P of N is said to be completely prime if for any a, b e N, ab e P
a e P or b e P
(iii) An ideal S of N is said to be semi-prime if for any ideal I of N, I
2
_ S implies I _ S.
(iv) An ideal S of N is said to be completely semi-prime ideal if for any element a e N,
a
2
e S implies either a e S.
For other fundamental definitions and results in near-rings, we refer Pilz [1],
Satyanarayana & Syam Prasad [1].
Short Talk
_____________________________________________________
Dr. T.V. Pradeep Kumar
ANU College of Engineering, ANU
th
22
1. 4. Definition: (Satyanarayna [2]): Let (M, +) be a group (not necessarily Abelian) and
I be a non-empty set. Then M is said to be a -near-ring if there exists a mapping
M I M M (the image of (a, o, b) is denoted by aob), satisfying the following
conditions:
(i) (a + b)oc = aoc + boc; and (ii) (aob)|c = ao(b|c) for all a, b, c e M and o, | e I.
M is said to be a zero-symmetric I-near-ring if ao0 = 0 for all a e M and o e I,
where 0 is the additive identity in M.
A natural example of I-near-ring is given below:
1.5. Example (Satyanarayana [3]): Let (G, +) be a non-abelian group and X be a non-
empty set. Let M= {f / f: X G}. Then M is a group under point wise addition.
Since G is non-abelian, then (M, +) is non-abelian.
In this paper, the first two sections contains some definitions and results from the
literature. The third section contains few new results related to the important concept:
completely semi-prime ideal.
2. Some Results on Gamma-Near rings
In this section M stands for I-Near-ring. In this section we collect some more definitions
and results from the literature.
2.1. Definitions (6.2.3 of Satyanarayana [2, 5]): An ideal A of M is said to be
(i) prime if B and C are ideals of M such that BIC _ A implies B _ A or C _ A;
(ii) completely prime if aI b _ A, a, b e M, implies either a e A or be A.
2.2 Definition: An ideal A of M is said to be semi-prime if B is an ideal of M such that
BIB _ A implies B _ A.
2.3. Definition: An ideal I of M is said to be completely semi-prime ideal of M if it
satisfies the following condition: aIa _ I ae I .
2.4. Theorem (Pradeep Kumar, Satyanarayana, Syam Prasad and Mohiddin Shaw [ 1 ] ): If S is
a semi-prime ideal of M, then the following are equivalent:
(i) If xIx _ S, then <x>I<x> _ S. (ii) S is completely semi-prime ideal of M.
(iii) If xIy _ S, then <x>I<y> _ S.
2.5 Theorem (Satyanarayana, Pradeep kumar, Sreenadh and Eswaraiah Setty [1]):
Let I be a completely semi-prime ideal of N. Then I is the intersection of all minimal
completely prime ideals of I.
2.6 Theorem (Satyanarayana, Pradeep kumar, Sreenadh and Eswaraiah Setty [1])::
If P is a prime ideal and I is a completely semi-prime ideal, then P is minimal prime ideal
of I if and only if P is minimal completely prime ideal of I.
th
23
Acknowledgements
mathematics, and encouragement to conduct a National Seminar on Algebra in the
College. He also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar
(Head of the Department of Mathematics), and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana
(Academic Secretary) for accepting to present this survey article at the One day National
Seminar on 25
th
References
Barnes W.E
[1] . On the I-rings of Nobusawa, Pacific J. Math 18 (1966) 411- 422.
Booth G.L
[1] .A note on I-Near-rings,Stud.Sci.Math.Hunger 23 (1988) 471-475.
Booth G.L. and Godloza L.
[1] On Primeness and Special Radicals of I-rings, Rings and Radicals, Pitman
Research notes in Math series (contains selected lectures presented at the
international conference on Rings and Radicals, held at Hebei, Teachers University,
Shijazhuang, Chaina, August 1994) pp 123130.
Nobusawa
[1] On a Generalization of the Ring theory, Osaka J. Math. 1 (1964) 81-89
Pilz .G
[1] Near-rings, North Holland, 1983.
Pradeep Kumar T.V
[1] Contributions to Near-ring Theory - III, Doctoral Dissertation, Acharya
Nagarjuna University, 2006
Pradeep Kumar T.V., Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad K and Mohiddin
Shaw Sk
[1] Some results on Completely Semi Prime ideals in Gamma Near-Rings,
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Present Trends in Mathematics & its
Applications, SGS College, Jaggaiahpet, A.P., India, November 11-12, 2010.
(Editors: Dr Eswaraiah Setty Sreeramula, Dr Satyanarayana Bhavanari and Dr Syam
Prasad Kuncham)
Ramakotaiah Davuluri
[1] Theory of Near-rings, Ph.D. Diss., Andhra univ., 1968.
Satyanarayana Bhavanari.
[1] "A Note on I-rings", Proceedings of the Japan Academy 59-A(1983) 382-83.
[2] Contributions to Near-ring Theory, Doctoral Dissertation, Acharya Nagarjuna
University, 1984.
[3] A Note on I-near-rings, Indian J. Mathematics (B.N. Prasad Birth Centenary
commemoration volume) 41(1999) 427-433.
[4] A Note on Completely Semi-Prime ideals in Near- Rings, International Journal of
Computational Mathematical Ideas Vol. , No 3(2009) 107 112.
th
24
(ISBN: 978-3-639-22417-7).
. Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Mohiddin Shaw Sk,
2010, (ISBN 978-3-639-23197-7)
Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Nagarju Dasari
[1] Dimension and Graph Theoretic Aspects of Rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller,
Germany, 2011, (ISBN 978-3-639-30558-6)
Satyanarayana Bh., Pradeep Kumar T.V. and Srinivasa Rao M.
[1] On Prime left ideals in I-rings, Indian J. Pure & Appl. Mathematics 31 (2000)
687-693.
Satyanarayana Bh., Pradeep kumar T.V., Sreenadh S., and Eswaraiah Setty S
[1] . On Completely Prime and Completely Semi- Prime Ideals in I-Near-Rings,
International Journal of Computational Mathematical Ideas Vol. 2, No 1(2010)
22 27.
Fuzzy Prime Submodules, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010, (ISBN 978-3-
639-24355-0)
Satyanarayana Bhavanari & Syam Prasad Kuncham
[1] Discrete Mathematics & Graph Theory, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2009
(ISBN: 978-81-203-3842-5).
Syam Prasad K.
[1] Contributions to Near-ring Theory II, Doctoral Dissertation Acharya Nagarjuna
University, 2000.
Dimension of N-groups and Fuzzy ideals in Gamma Near-rings, VDM Verlag Dr
What ever you think that you will be if you
think your self weak, weak you will if you
think your self strong, strong you will be
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOD IS PRESENT IN EVERY JIVA, THERE IS NO OTHER GOD
BESIDES THAT WHO SERVES JIVA, SERVES GOD IN DEED
th
25
Zero Square Rings and
Zero Square Ideals
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Introduction
In 1969, Richard P. Stanley has introduced the concept of zero square rings and
he proved several interesting results related to this concept in Stanley [1]. Zero square
rings were also studied by Vasantha [1, 2]. Stanley [1] calls ring R a zero square if
x
2
= 0 for all x e R.
1.1 Example (Stanley [1]): Let S be a non-zero commutative ring. Write
R= S S S, the direct product of three copies of the additive group S. The addition in
R is defined component wise, and the multiplication by (x
1
, y
1
, z
1
).(x
2
, y
2
, z
2
) = (0, 0,
x
1
y
2
- x
2
y
1
) for all (x
1
, y
1
, z
1
), (x
2
, y
2
, z
2
) e R. Then R is a zero square ring.
1.2 Remark (Stanley [1]): (i) Every zero square ring is anti commutative (that is,
xy = - yx for all x, y) and
(ii) A zero square ring R is commutative if and only if 2R
2
= 0.
In 2008, Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza & Nagaraju [1] were defined and
studied the concepts zero square ring (and Ideal) of type-1/type-2. Zero square ring of
type-2 is same as the zero square ring studied by the earlier authors.
2. Zero Square Rings
2.1 Definition (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): (i) A ring R is
said to be a zero square ring of type-1 if x
2
= 0 for all x e R and there exists two
elements a, b e R such that ab = 0. (ii) A ring R is said to be a zero square ring of type-
2 if x
2
= 0 for all x e R.
2.2 Examples: (i) Let (G, +) be a group (not necessarily Abelian). Define a
multiplicative operation on G by a.b = 0 for all a, b e G, where 0 is the additive identity.
Then (G, +, .) is a null ring. So (G, +, .) is a zero square ring of type-2, but not of type-1.
We can conclude that every group can be made into a zero square ring of type-2.
(ii) Suppose that R is a non-zero Boolean ring. Then x
2
= x for all x e R. So R is a non-
null ring and for any x = 0, we have x
2
= 0. Hence every non-zero Boolean ring can
neither be a zero square ring of type-1 nor a zero square ring of type-2.
(iii) Let S = and write R = S S S. Define addition on R component wise, and
multiplication on R by (x
1
, y
1
, z
1
).(x
2
, y
2
, z
2
) = (0, 0, x
1
y
2
- x
2
y
1
). By Example 1.1, it
follows that x
2
= 0 for all x e R. But (1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 4) e R and
(1, 2, 3)(2, 3, 4) = (0, 0, 3 - 4) = (0, 0, -1) = (0, 0, 0). Hence R is a zero square ring of
type-1.
Short Talk
_____________________________________________________
Dr. Dasari Nagaraju
Head/Maths.,
Manipal University Jaipur
th
26
2.3 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): Suppose R is a
zero square ring of type-2, and A is a module over R. Then
(i) aR = A for all 0 = a e A. (ii) If A is irreducible, then AR = 0.
2.4 Corollary: A primitive ring cannot be a zero square ring of type-2.
2.5 Corollary: If R is a zero square ring of type-2, then rR = R for all 0 = r e R.
2.6 Corollary: Let R be a zero square ring of type-2.
(i) If I is a non-zero right ideal of R, then I cannot be a monogenic right ideal.
(ii) If I is a non-zero left ideal of R, then I cannot be a monogenic left ideal.
2.7 Corollary: If R is a non-zero zero-square ring of type-2, then
(i) Rr = R for all r e R. (ii) rR = R for all r e R.
3. Zero Square Ideals
3.1 Definition (Satyanarayana Bhavanari., Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): A proper ideal
I of R is said to be a zero square ideal of type-1 (respectively, type-2) if the quotient ring
R/I is a zero square ring of type-1 (respectively of type-2).
3.2 Remark: (i) If R is a zero square ring of type-2, then every ideal I of R is a zero
square ideal of type-2. The converse of this statement is not true. For this observe the
following Example 3.3.
(ii) If R is a zero square ring of type-2, then every ideal of R is also a zero square ring of
type-2.
3.3 Remark: Let I, J be two ideals of a ring R. If I, J are two zero square ideals of type-
2, then I J is also a zero square ideal of type-2.
3.4 Note: A class of rings is said to be homomorphically closed if every homomorphic
image of R is in for all R in .
3.5 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): The class of
all zero square rings of type-2 is homomorphically closed.
3.6 Remark: Suppose I is an ideal of R, I is a zero square ideal of type-2 and also a zero
square ring of type-2. Then x
4
= 0 for all x e R.
3.7 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): Let R be a zero
square ring of type-2 and I an ideal of R. Then the following two statements are
equivalent:
(i) R
2
I. (ii) I is a zero square ideal of type-1.
3.8 Corollary: (i) Let I and J be ideals of a zero square ring R of type-2 with
I _ J. If J is a zero square ideal of type-1, then I is also a zero square ideal of type-1.
(ii) The intersection of any collection of zero square ideals of type-1 is also a zero square
ideal of type-1.
3.9 Corollary: In a zero square ring R of type-2,
(i) Every semi-prime ideal S of R is a zero square ideal of type-1.
(ii) Every prime ideal P of R is a zero square ideal of type-1.
LET US HAVE NOBLE THOUGHTS FROM EVERY CORNER
th
27
3.10 Theorem(Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): If there exists a
chain R = I
0
I
1
I
2
I
k
= (0) of ideals of R such that I
s+1
is a zero square ideal
of type-2 in the ring I
s
, for all 0 s s < k, then R is a nil ring. In particular,
( )
2
k
x = 0 for
all x e R.
4. Zero Square Rings and Direct Products
4.1 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): (i) If R
i
, 1 s i s
k, are zero square rings of type-1, then
[
=
k
1 i
i
R is also a zero square ring of type-1.
(ii) Each R
i
, 1 s i s k, is a zero square ring of type-2 if and only if
[
=
k
1 i
i
R is a zero square
ring of type-2.
4.2 Remark: The converse of the Theorem 4.1 (i) is not true, in general.
4.3 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [1]): Let R
i
, 1 s i s k
be rings. The direct product
[
=
k
1 i
i
R is a zero square ring of type-1 if and only if there
exists a non-empty subset I _ {1, 2, , k} such that R
i
is a zero square ring of type-1 for
all i e I and R
j
is a zero square ring of type-2 but not of type-1 for all j e {1, 2, , k} \ I.
4.4 Corollary: For any positive integer k, we have that R is a zero square ring of
type-2 (respectively, type-1) if and only if R
k
is a zero square ring of type-2 (respectively,
type-1).
5. Zero Square Fuzzy Ideals of R
5.1 Definition (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [2]): A fuzzy ideal
of R is said to be a zero square fuzzy ideal if it satisfies the following two properties:
(i). (x
2
) = (0) for all x e R; and (ii). (xy) = (0) for some x, y e R.
5.2 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [2]): is a fuzzy
ideal of a ring R. The following conditions are equivalent:
(i). R
= {x e R / (x) = (0)} is a zero square ideal of R;

(ii). (x
2
) = (0) for all x e R and there exist x, y e R such that (xy) = (0) (that is,
is a zero square fuzzy ideal of R).
5.3 Note: Let be a fuzzy ideal of a ring R. For any y e R, the coset y + is defined
from R to [0, 1] by (y + )(x) = (x - y) for all x e R.
(i) R/ = the set of all cosets of = {y + / y e R} forms a ring (the proof is parallel to
Theorem 2.4 of Satyanarayana & Syam Prasad [1]).
HE/SHE WHO DO NOT HOPE TO WIN HAS ALREADY LOST
th
28
(ii) If we define u
: R/ [0, 1] by u
(x + ) = (x) for all x e R, then u
is a fuzzy
ideal of R/ (the proof is parallel to Lemma 2.6 of Satyanarayana & Syam Prasad [1]).
5.4 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [2]): If is a zero
square fuzzy ideal of R, then u
is a zero square fuzzy ideal of R/.

5.5 Theorem (Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L. & Nagaraju D [2]): Let be a zero
square fuzzy ideal of R and y e R
. If the fuzzy coset y + is a fuzzy ideal of R, then

y + is a zero square fuzzy ideal of R.
References
Satyanarayana Bhavanari
(ISBN: 978-3-639-22417-7).
Satyanarayana Bhavanari., Godloza L and Nagaraju D.
[1]. Ideals and Direct Product of Zero Square Rings, East Asian Math. J. 24 (2008),
377-387.
[2]. Fuzzy Ideals of Zero Square Rings, The Int. Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics,
(2011), Accepted.
Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Mohiddin Shaw Sk,
2010, (ISBN 978-3-639-23197-7)
Satyanarayana Bhavanari and Nagaraju D
[1]. Dimension and Graph Theoretic aspects of Rings (Monograph), VDM Verlag
Dr. Mller e.K., Germany (2011), (ISBN 978-3-639-30558-6).
[1] Fuzzy Prime Submodules, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010,
(ISBN 978-3-639-24355-0)
Satyanarayana Bh., and Syam Prasad K
[1]. On Fuzzy Cosets of Gamma Near-rings Turkish J. Mathematics 29 (2005) 11-22.
[2]. Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory, PHI, New Delh (2010) (ISBN: 978-81-
203-3842-5).
[1] Dimension of N-groups and Fuzzy ideals in Gamma Near-rings, VDM Verlag Dr
Stanley R. P
[1]. Zero Square Rings, Pacific Journal of Mathematics 30 (1969), 811-824.
Vasantha K.
[1]. A Zero Square Group Ring, Bull. Cal. Math. Soc. 80 (1988), 105-106.
[2]. Semi-group Rings which are Zero Square Rings, News Bull. C.M.S, 12 (1989),
08-10.
Zadeh L. A
[1]. Fuzzy Sets, Inform. and Control, 8 (1965), 338-353.
RELIGION IS ONLY TO AWAKEN DIVINITY IN MAN
th
29
Rough Fuzzy Group
induced by epimorphisms
_________________________________________________________
1. INTRODUCTION
In 1982, Pawlak introduced theory of rough sets. This theory involves in several technical
aspects based on decision-making. This concept can be viewed either algebraically or
topologically. As fuzzy concept has become inevitable in technology, several scientists have
been involved in hybridizing these two concepts. In 1989, Dubois and Prade gave their
contributions on rough fuzzy and fuzzy rough sets.
In 2005, the group structure in rough fuzzy sets was discussed in [3]. This approach deals
with defining a fuzzy ordered pair for each element of the given finite quotient group. In this
paper, an effort is made to bring the homomorphism approach on rough fuzzy groups for
developing further algebraic approaches.
This paper comprises four sections. Section two deals with rough sets and rough fuzzy
sets. It also gives the basic theorems on groups, which are essential for this paper. Section three
deals with rough fuzzy group on group of congruence modulo n on Z and it is extended for any
finite group using fundamental theorem of homomorphism on groups [4].
In the forthcoming section, the definitions given by Pawlak on rough sets and Dubois and
Prade on rough fuzzy sets are dealt.
2. ROUGH SETS AND ROUGH FUZZY SETS
In 1982, Pawlak introduced Rough Sets [5]. For a given partition W={X
1
,X
2
,,X
t
} on a
finite universe of discourse U={x
1
,x
2
,,x
n
}, the lower and upper rough approximations of any
subset A of U are given by { } :
i i
A X W X A = e _ and { } :
i i
A X W X A = e =u respectively. In
general, the lower approximation gives certainty and the upper approximation gives possibility.
The region between the upper and lower approximations is termed as boundary. This theory
found very good usage in information systems. By sensing the importance of rough sets, Dubois
and Prade have introduced fuzzy concepts in rough sets. In 1989, they introduced rough fuzzy
sets [1,2], which describe the approximation of fuzzy subset of universe of discourse under the
given partition. The rough fuzzy approximations are defined as follows:
Consider the finite universe of discourse U={x
1
,x
2
,,x
n
}.Let W={X
1
,X
2
,,X
t
} be an partition of
U. For any fuzzy subset A of U, define
{ }
( ) inf ( ) :
A i A j j i
X x x X = e and
{ }
( ) sup ( ) :
i A j j i
A
X x x X = e . The lower and upper approximations of A are given by
( )
1 2
( ), ( ), , ( )
A A A t
A X X X = and
( )
1 2
( ), ( ), , ( )
t
A A A
A X X X = respectively.
Invited Talk
Dr. G. Ganesan
Adikavi Nannaya University, A.P, India
th
30
For each X
i
,
( )
( ), ( )
A i i
A
X X is called the fuzzy ordered pair [3].
The next section introduces group concept on rough fuzzy sets. Before entering into it, it is
necessary to note the following remarks in groups.
(a) If N is a normal subgroup of a group (G, * ), then G/N is defined as G/N={Na/aeG}.
Here, it can be seen that G/N is a group under the operation which is given by
NaNb=Na*b. The group thus obtained is called a quotient group.
(b) (Fundamental Theorem of Homomorphism) If f:GG is an epimorphism with kernel K,
then G/k is isomorphic to G.
3. ROUGH FUZZY GROUPS
In [3], rough fuzzy groups on Z is introduced by G.Ganesan and C. Raghavendra Rao. For any
positive integer n, consider the congruence class O=
{ }
0,1,........, 1 n

. For any p and q

in O,
define addition (modulo n) of p and q

by
n
p q +

=Rem(p+q,n) where Rem(p+q,n) is the
remainder obtained by dividing p+q by n Let F be any fuzzy subset of Z. Then every element of
O is associated with a fuzzy ordered pair with respect to F. Then O can be expressed in terms of
fuzzy ordered pairs
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 , 0 , 1 ,1 ,...., 1 , 1 l u l u
l u
n n

with respect to F.
The closed fuzzy ordered pairs can be obtained by using the following membership functions. If
the fuzzy ordered pair of k
is
( )
, l u k k

under the fuzzy number F, define
( 1) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
max
min( , )
s s s
l
s s s l l
l
n l l
k p q
p q k
+
=
+ =

and
( 1) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
max
min( , )
s s s
u
s s s u u
u
n u u
k p q
p q k
+
=
+ =

where
0
l l
p p =

;
0
u u
p p =

0
l l
q q =

;
0
u u
q q =

;
0
l l k k =

and
0
u u k k =

Here, it can be observed that the above process can be made to be iterative. That is, if one tries to
find
( )
( 1) ( 1)
,
s s
l u k k
+ +

, for some appropriate s, it can be seen that it is equal to
( )
( ) ( )
,
s s
l u k k

. The
saturated (with respect to iteration) fuzzy ordered pair is called closed fuzzy ordered pair. Hence,
by finite iteration, closed fuzzy ordered pairs are obtained for each element of O. It can be
illustrated by the following example.
3.1 Example: Consider the group O=
{ }
0,1,2

. Let F be any fuzzy subset of Z, which induce the
fuzzy ordered pairs (0.3,0.7),(0.4,0.6) and (0.2,0.6) for 0, 1 2 and

respectively.
Then
1
0l
=max{min(0.3,0.3),min(0.2,0.4)}=0.3;
1
1l
=max{min(0.4,0.3),min(0.2,0.2)}=0.3;
1
2l
= max {min(0.3,0.2), min(0.4,0.4)} =0.4;

1
0u
=max{min(0.7,0.7),min(0.6,0.6)} =0.7;
1
1u
=max
{min(0.7,0.6), min(0.6,0.6)} =0.6;
1
2u
= max{min (0.7,0.6), min(0.6,0.6)}=0.6;

th
31
Hence, set of fuzzy ordered pairs in first iteration is given by ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.3, 0.7 , 0.3, 0.6 , 0.4, 0.6 .
Here, it is further observed that the second iteration also gives the set of fuzzy ordered pairs
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.3, 0.7 , 0.3, 0.6 , 0.4, 0.6 .
Hence, from the above example, it can be seen that the set of closed fuzzy ordered pairs is closed
with respect to the above operation. Also, it is known that O is closed with respect to addition
modulo n. This group of closed fuzzy ordered pairs is called rough fuzzy group on .
Now, in order to generalize this approach to a finite group, it is necessary to note the
following theorem.
3.2 Theorem: Consider a finite group (G,*) with cardinality m. Let O=
{ }
0,1,........, 1 k

be the
congruence group of Z under addition modulo k (k<m) and f: GO an epimorphism with
kernel K. Then o(G/K)=k
Proof: By fundamental theorem of homomorphism, G/K is isomorphic to O. Hence, there is a
one-one correspondence between O and G/K. Thus o(G/K)=k.
3.3 Algorithm
Using above theorem, the following algorithm describes the procedure of constructing rough
fuzzy group for a given finite group G; a congruence group of Z under addition modulo k and an
epimorphism f :GO.
1. begin
2. Input ((G,*),O,f, F)
3. Compute the quotient group L=G/K
4. By the axiom of choice, denote each element of L by any of it member. For
example, if aeK
x
for some xeG, then denote K
x
by [a].
5. Compute closed rough fuzzy ordered pair for each element of O using the fuzzy
subset F of Z.
6. Associate the closed rough fuzzy ordered pair with the preimage of each element
of O in G/K.
7. The group L associated with the fuzzy ordered pairs is called the rough fuzzy
group, denoted by (G,*,O,f,F).
8. return
This algorithm is illustrated by using the following example.
3.4 Example: Consider a group G={1,e,e
2
,e
3
,e
4
,e
5
} where e is the sixth root of unity, with the
binary operation*, which is defined as below:
* 1 e e
2
e
3
e
4
e
5
1 1 e e
2
e
3
e
4
e
5
e e e
2
e
3
e
4
e
5
1
e
2
e
2
e
3
e
4
e
5
1 e
e
3
e
3
e
4
e
5
1 e e
2
e
4
e
4
e
5
1 e e
2
e
3
e
5
e
5
1 e e
2
e
3
e
4
th
32
Here, 1 acts as the identity. Let f be any epimorphism defined from G onto O=
{ }
0,1,2

with
kernel K. It is given that G/K={{1, e
3
},{e
2
, e
5
}, {e,e
4
}}. By axiom of choice, denote the sets
{1, e
3
},{e
2
, e
5
} and {e,e
4
} by [1],[e
2
] and [e] respectively. Suppose that the isomorphism
:G/K O is given as ([1])=0
; ([e])=2
and ([e
2
])=1
. Let F be any fuzzy subset of Z,

which give the approximations for F be (0.3,0.4,0.2) and (0.7,0.6,0.6) respectively. Then the
set of closed fuzzy pairs of O is given by ((0.3,0.7),(0.4,0.6),(0.2,0.6)).
Now, by considering the preimage of , for each element of G/K, the closed ordered pair can be
associated. Thus, the rough fuzzy group can be obtained.
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the work is initiated to bring out useful approaches on rough fuzzy sets
algebraically,
Acknowledgements
The author thank the authorities of KBN College, Vijayawada for their affection
towards mathematics, and encouragement to conduct a National Seminar on Algebra in
the College. He also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar
(Organizing Secretary) and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for
inviting me to present a talk in the Seminar on 25
th
October 2011 (the 200 Birth day of
Galois).
REFERENCES
[1] Biswas R. On Rough Fuzzy Sets , Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences,
Mathematics; Vol 42(1994); No: 4, 352-355
[2] Dubois D, Prade H, Rough fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Rough Sets, International Journal of General
Systems, 17, pp 191-209, 1989
[3] G.Ganesan, C.Raghavendra Rao, Rough Fuzzy Groups, Indian Journal of Mathematics and
Mathematical Sciences, Vol I, pp:1-8, 2005
[4] Michael Artin, Algebra, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1996
[5] Z.Pawlak, Rough Sets, International Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 11,
pp:341-356, 1982
MATHEMATICS IS AN INDEPENDENT
WORLD CREATED OUT OF PURE
INTELLIGENCE
th
th
th
th
th
Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste GALOIS),
KBN College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana,
37
An Introduction to new Algebraic
Structure Gamma Near-ring

Dr. Kuncham Syam Prasad,
Manipal University,
Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Near-rings are one of the generalized structures of rings. Substantial work on near-rings
related to group theory and ring theory was studied by Zassenhaus and Wielandt in 1930. World
War-II interrupted the study of near-rings, but in 1950s, the research of near-ring redeveloped by
Wielandt, Frohlich, and Blackett. Since then, work in this area has grown and was diversified
to include applications to projective geometry, groups with near-ring operators, automata theory,
combinatorial geometry, formal language theory, nonlinear interpolation theory, optimization
theory. A generalization of both the concepts Near-ring and the ring, namely gamma near-ring
was introduced by Satyanarayana Bhavanari (in the year 1984).
Let M be a additive group (not necessarily abelian) and a non-empty set (sometimes
called the set of operators). Then M is said to be a-Nearring if there exists a mapping M
MM (the image of (a, , b) is denoted by ab), satisfying the conditions:(i) (a + b)c =
ac + bc; and (ii) (ab)c = a(bc) for all a, b,c M and , . A natural example of
gamma near-ring is obtained in by taking an additive group (G, +) and a non-empty set X. Let
M be the set of all mappings from X into G. Then M is a group under point-wise addition.Let
be the set of all mappings of G into X. For all mappings f
1
, f
2
M and g , we have f
1
gf
2
M.
Further, it is clear that for all f
1
, f
2
, f
3
M and g
1
, g
2
, i) (f
1
gf
2
)g
2
f
3
= f
1
g
1
(f
2
g
2
f
3
); andii)
(f
1
+f
2
)g
1
f
3
= f
1
g
1
f
3
+ f
2
g
1
f
3
.But f
1
g
1
(f
2
+f
3
) need not be equal to f
1
g
1
f
2
+ f
1
g
1
f
3
. To see this, fix 0
z G and u X. Define G
u
: G X by g
u
(x) = u for all x G and f
z
:X G by f
z
(x) = z for
all x X. Now for any two elements f
2
, f
3
M, we have [f
z
g
u
(f
2
+ f
3
)](x) = f
z
[g
u
(f
2
(x) + f
3
(x))] =
f
z
(u) = z and[f
z
g
u
f
2
+ f
z
g
u
f
3
](x) = f
z
g
u
f
2
(x) + f
z
g
u
f
3
(x) = f
z
(u) + f
z
(u) = z + z. Since z 0, we have
z z + z and hence f
z
g
u
(f
2
+ f
3
) f
z
g
u
f
2
+ f
z
g
u
f
3
. Therefore the left distributive law fails here. It
th
KBN College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana,
38
is obvious that the conditions: (f
1
gf
2
)g
2
f
3
= f
1
g
1
(f
2
g
2
f
3
); and are true. Hence M is a right gamma
near-ring.
Gamma near-ring theory has been developedin many directions by many scholars and has
evoked great interest among mathematiciansworking in different fields of algebraic systems.
There have been wide-ranging applicationsof the theory of associate algebras, sequential
mechanics, and formal languages.
Some of the researchers working in the field of Gamma Nearrings are:
Bhavanari Satyanarayana, (Introduced the concept in the year 1984), India
Dr G L Booth (studied the radical theory), 1987, South Africa
Dr Groenewald Nico (Studied the equiprime ideals), 1991, South Africa
Dr Veldsman Stefan (Studied the special radicals), 1994, Oman
Dr Godloza (Studied Special radicals), 1996, South Africa
Dr Kuncham Syam Prasad (Studied the fuzzy aspects), 2000, India
Dr Pradeep Kumar Tumurukota (Studied prime ideals), 2004, India
Dr VijayaKumari A. (Studied the fuzzy ideals of gamma near-ring module), 2009, India
Dr Yong Bae Jun (Studied the fuzzy aspects), 2001, South Korea
Dr Cho Yong Uk (Studied gamma derivations), 2003, South Korea
Dr Kim Kyung Ho (Studied gamma derivations), 2003, South Korea
Dr Ozturk (Studied the fuzzy aspects of gamma near ring ideals), 2001, Turkey
Dr Tamizh Chelvam (Studied generalized gamma near-fields), 2002, India
Dr N. Meenakumari (Studied generalized gamma near-fields), 2002, India
Dr M Shabir (Studied idempotent gamma near-rings), 1999, India
Dr Datta T K (Studied semiprime and irreducible ideals), 2003, India
Dr Om Prakash (Studied Ideals of gamma near-rings), 2009, India
A new Algebraic Structure
Gamma Near-ring was introduced by
Bhavanari Satyanarayana in 1984.
th
Mr. VVN Suresh Kumar and Mr Mohiddin Shaw Shaik.) 39
FUZZY IDEALS OF
GAMMA NEAR RINGS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTORDUCTION
Algebraic structures play a prominent role in mathematics with wide ranging
applications in many disciplines such as theoretical computer science, control
engineering, information sciences, coding theory, Net Work Security, etc. This provides
sufficient motivation to researchers to review various concepts and results from the realm
of abstract algebra in the broader frame work of fuzzy setting.
A near-ring is an algebraic system that satisfy all the axioms of an associative
ring, except posibly the commutativity of addition and one of the two distributive laws.
A comprehensive reference of the theory of near-rings appears in Pilz [1983].
The concept of Gamma Near-ring was introduced by Satyanarayana [1984],
which is a generalization of the concept near-ring and a gamma ring. Later this concept
was attracted many mathematicians from different parts of the world, in doing their
research.
The concep fuzzy set which was introduced by Zadeh [1967] is applied to many
mathematical branches. Rosenfeld [1] inspired the fuzzification of algebraic structures
and introduced the notion of fuzzy subgroups.
Abou-Zaid [1] introduced the notion of fuzzy sub-nearring and studied the theory
of fuzzy ideals in near-rings. The authors Satyanarayana and Syam Prasad [1, 2]
considered fuzzy notion of a gamma near-ring, and obtained fuzzy cosets, prime ideals,
and some related results.
A new type of fuzzy subgroup (viz, (, vq)subgroup) which was an important
generalization of Rosenfelds fuzzy subgroup, was introduced by Bhakat and Das [1] by
using the combined notions belongingness and quasicoincidence of fuzzy points and
fuzzy sets.
Our aim of this paper is to introduce and study the new sort of fuzzy subnearring/
ideal of a gamma near-ring called (viz, ((,vq) sub nea-rring), (,vq) ideal) of a
gamma near-ring.
We recall the following definition form Pilz [1].
A non-empty set N with two binary operations + and is called a near-ring if
(1) (N, -) is a group (not necessarily abelian)
(2) (N, ) is a semigroup.
(3) (a+b)c = a b + b c for all a, b, c e N.
Survey Article
--------------------------------
Presenter:
Venkata Subba Rao Gunda
Amalapuram, A.P
th
2. Gamma Near Rings
2.1 Definition (Satyanarayana (1984)): Let (M, +) be a group (not necessarily Abelian)
and I be a non empty set. Then M is said to a I-near-ring if there exists a mapping M
I M M (the image of (a, o, b) is denoted by aob) satisfying the following
conditions:
(i) (a + b)oc = aoc + b oc;
(ii) (aob)|c = ao(b|c) for all a, b, c e M and o, | e I.
2.2 Example (Satyanarayana (1984)): For a natural example, let us consider a group
(G, +) and a non-empty set X. Write M = {f: XG} and I = {g: G X}. With
respect to the pointwise addition,
(M, +) becomes a group. At this point, it is easy to verify that, if (G, +) is non-Abelian
then so is (M, +) . Also (M, +) becomes a I-near-ring.
2.3 Definitions (Satyanarayana (1984)): Let M be a I-near-ring. Then a normal
subgroup I of (M, +) is called
(i) a left ideal if ao (b + i) - aob e I for all a, b e M, o e I, ieI ;
(ii) a right ideal if ioa e I for all a e M, o e I, ieI ; and
(iii) an ideal if it is both left and right ideal. M is said to be a zero- symmetric I-near-
ring if ao0 = 0 for all a e M and o eI, where 0 is the additive identity in M.
2.4 Notation: For any two subsets A, B of M the set { aob | aeA, oeI, beB} is denoted
by either AB or AIB. {xeA| xeB} is denoted by A/B. For any subset X of M, the
smallest ideal containing X is denoted by <X>. If X = {a} then <X> is denoted by <a>.
3. ( , q) Fuzzy Ideals of a Gamma Near rings
3.1 Definition: Let M be a gamma near ring and be a fuzzysubset of M. We say that
a fuzzy sub near-ring of M if for all x, y e M, (i) (x-y) > (x) .(y); (ii) (xoy) >
(x) .(y). is called a fuzzy ideal of M if is a fuzzy sub near-ring of M and (iii)
(y + x - y) > (x); (iv) (xoy) > (x) and (v) (xo(y+ a) - xoy) > (a).
3.2 Definition: A fuzzy set of M of the form
=
= =
=
x y if 0
x y if ) 0 ( t
) y ( is said to be
a fuzzy point with support x and value t and it is denoted by x
t
. A fuzzy point x
t
belong
to (respectively be quasi-coincident with ) a fuzzy set , written as x
t
e (respectively
x
t
q) if (x) > t (respectively (x) + t > 1).
3.3 Proposition (Syam Prasad, Satyanarayana, and Venkata Subba Rao (2010)):
For all x, y, a e M(where M is a gamma near-ring), we have
(i) (x-y) > (x) .(y) . 0.5 if and if and only if (x
t
, y
s
e implies (x - y)
min{t,s}
e vq)
(ii) (xoy) > (x) .(y) . 0.5 if and if and only if
(x
t
, y
s
e and oe I implies (xoy)
min{t,s}
e vq).
(iii) (y + x - y) > (x) . 0.5 if and if and only if (x
t
e implies (y + x - y)
t
evq),
(iv) ( xoy) > (x) . 0.5 if and if and only if (x
t
e implies (y + x - y)
t
evq),
th
(v) (xo(y+ a) - xoy) > (a) . 0.5 if and if and only if
(a
t
e implies xo(y+ a) - xoy)
t
evq).
Acknowledgements
also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Head of the Department
of Mathematics), and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for accepting to
present this survey article at the One day National Seminar on 25
th
October 2011 (the 200 Birth
day of Galois).
References
Bhakat S.K.., and Das P.,
[1] (( , vq) Fuzzy subgroup, Fuzzy sets and Systems, 80 (1996) 359 368.
Booth G.L
[1] .A note on I-Near-rings,Stud.Sci.Math.Hunger 23 (1988) 471-475.
Booth G.L., Groenewald N.J.
[1] Equiprime Gamma Nearring, quaestiones Mathematicae, 14(1991) 411-417.
Jun Y.B.., Spanci M., and Ozturk M.A.,
[1] Fuzzy Ideals of Gamma Nearrings, Turkish Journal of Mathematics, 22 (1998) 449-
459.
Pilz G.,
[1] Near-rings, North-Holland pub., 1983.
Rosenfeld A.,
[1] Fuzzy Groups Journal of Math Anal Appl, 35 (1971) 512-517.
Salah Abou-Zaid,
[1] On Fuzzy Subnearrings and Ideals, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 44 (1991) 139-146.
Satyanarayana Bhavanari.
[1] "A Note on I-rings", Proceedings of the Japan Academy 59-A(1983) 382-83.
[2] Contributions to Near-ring Theory, Doctoral Dissertation, Acharya Nagarjuna
University, 1984. Published by VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010
(ISBN: 978-3-639-22417-7).
[3] The f-Prime Radical in Gamma Nearring, South East. Bull.Math. (1999)23:
507-511.
[4]A Note on I-near-rings, Indian J. Mathematics (B.N. Prasad Birth Centenary
commemoration volume) 41(1999) 427-433.
[5] A Note on Completely Semi-Prime ideals in Near- Rings, International Journal of
Computational Mathematical Ideas Vol. , No 3(2009) 107 112.
Satyanarayana Bh and Syam Prasad K
[1] Fuzzy Cosets pf Gamma Nearrings, Turkish Journal of Mathematics, 29 (2005)11-22.
[2] Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (for B.Tech/B.Sc/M.Sc.,(Maths)) Printice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2009 (ISBN: 978-81-203-3842-5).
[1] Dimension of N-groups and Fuzzy ideals in Gamma Near-rings, VDM Verlag Dr
Zadeh L.A.
[1] "Fuzzy Sets", Information and Control, 8(1965) 338-353.
th
SOME NUMERICAL
METHODS FOR SOLVING
NAVIER-STOKES
EQUATIONS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT
The main object of this talk is to explain Navier-Stokes equations and difficulties
involved while seeking solution for these equations. It has been explained briefly how to
overcome the difficulties associated with the solution of these equations. We are giving an
outline of the important methods available for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. In particular
emphasis has been given to finite difference; finite volume and finite element methods. Also
method of solution to obtain the unknown variables of the Navier-Stokes equations is given.
Some applications have been given and explained briefly.
1. Navier-Stokes Equations
Navier-Stokes Equations named after Claude-Louis and George Gabriel Stokes,
describe the motion of fluid substances. These equations arise from applying the Newtons
second law to fluid motion together with the assumption that the fluid stress is the sum of a
diffusing viscous term (proportional to the gradient of velocity), plus a pressure term. The
NavierStokes equations in their full and simplified forms help with the design of aircraft and
cars, the study of blood flow, the design of power stations, the analysis of pollution, and many
other things. Coupled with Maxwell's equations they can be used to model and study
magnetohydrodynamics.
The Navier-Stokes Equations along with the continuity equation in 3-Dims are
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
z
u
y
u
x
u
x
p
z
u
w
y
u
v
x
u
u
t
u
(1)
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
z
v
y
v
x
v
y
p
z
v
w
y
v
v
x
v
u
t
v
(2)
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
z
w
y
w
x
w
z
p
z
w
w
y
w
v
x
w
u
t
w
(3)
0 =
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
z
w
y
v
x
u
(4)
2. Difficulties involved in the Navier-Stokes equations
(i) Non-linearity: Equations (1)-(3) are nonlinear in nature due to the convective parts.
Invited Talk
------------------------------------
Dr. V. Ambethkar
Department of Mathematics
University of Delhi
th
(ii) Pressure gradient: The main hurdle to overcome in the calculation of velocity field is the
unknown pressure field. As long as there is a correct pressure field, there is no difficulty in
solving the momentum equation. So our challenging task is to find the correct pressure field.
(iii)The pressure filed is indirectly linked with the continuity equation (4).When the correct
pressure field is plugged into the momentum equations the resulting velocity field satisfies
the continuity equation.
3. Remedy- Numerical Methods: Over view
. Finite difference method ;Finite volume or Control Volume method
. Finite element method;Stream function-vorticity method;Spectral methods
4. Finite Difference Method:
This is the oldest method of the first three. Techniques published as early as 1910 by L.
F. Richardson. The first ever numerical solution by using this was the flow past a circular
cylinder by Thom (1933). Advantage is easy to implement. Disadvantage is restricted to
simple grids and does not conserve momentum, energy, and mass on coarse grids.
Finite difference: basic methodology
e
d
o
m
a
i
n
i
s
Discretized into a series of grid points.
A structured (ijk) mesh is required.
The governing equations (in differential form) are discretized (converted to algebraic
form).
First and second derivatives are approximated by truncated Taylor series expansions.
The resulting set of linear algebraic equations is solved either iteratively or
simultaneously.
Draw backs: This method best suits for uniform grids and hence a regular computational
domains. This method fails to apply for complex geometries.
th
5. Finite volume method (FVM): This method is a generalization of the finite difference
method but use the integral form of governing equations of flow, rather than their
differential form. This has an advantage of handling complex geometries.
Finite volume: basic methodology:
.Divide the domain into control volumes. Using finite volume method, the solution domain
is subdivided into a finite number of small control volumes (cells) by a grid. Integrate the
differential equation over the control volume and apply the divergence theorem.
To evaluate derivative terms, values at the control volume faces are needed: have to make
an assumption about how the value varies.
Result is a set of linear algebraic equations: one for each control volume.
Solve iteratively or simultaneously using TDMA, SOR etc.
Initial or Boundary Conditions: Initial condition involves knowing the state of pressure
(p) and initial velocity (u) and v at given points in the flow.
Boundary conditions such as walls, inlets and outlets largely specify what the solution
will be.
Algorithms Used while finding pressure and velocities:
SIMPLE,SIMPLER,SIMPLEC,PISO.
6. Finite element method (FEM):
Earliest use was by Courant (1943) for solving a torsion problem.
Clough (1960) gave the method its name.
Method was refined greatly in the 60s and 70s, mostly for analyzing structural
mechanics problem.
FEM analysis of fluid flow was developed in the mid- to late 70s.
Advantages: highest accuracy on coarse grids. Excellent for diffusion dominated
problems (viscous flow) and viscous, free surface problems.
Disadvantages: slow for large problems and not well suited for turbulent flow.
7. Stream function-Vorticity Method.
In this method, pressure gradient is eliminated from equations (1) and (2) by differentiating
w.r.t y and x and subtract. This method is applicable for two- dimensional flow only. Then
using the definitions of stream function and vorticity equation. We finally get
= V
2
and
2
V =
Dt
D
(5)
th
Which can be solved by finite difference method with appropriate boundary conditions as
explained above.
8. CONCLUSIONS
Whatever may be the method used, we will be able to get finally the numerical computations for
the flow variables in a given physical domain like velocity and pressure for incompressible case
and density even for case of unsteady compressible case. Once these flow variables and its
numerical values available, then we can discuss the several situations associated with the given
physical problem and accordingly we can give the conclusions based on the given data.
APPLICATIONS:
1. Transient Free Convection from a Heated Vertical Plate: The governing equations for
semi-infinite heated vertical plate in infinite fluid that is initially at temperature
T and at rest.
0 =
c
c
+
c
c
y
v
x
u
( Continuity equation)
( )
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
T T g
y
u
y
u
v
x
u
u
t
u

2
2
(x-Momentum equation)
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
y
T
y
T
v
x
T
u
t
T
(Energy equation)
Method of Solution: By using finite difference approach, we can finally get the values of u,v,T.
2. Development of a fully coupled control-volume finite element method for the
incompressible NavierStokes equations .
Method of solution: By using the finite volume method, the given Navier-Stokes equation have
been solved (Ref 5). Similar applications available for other methods used to solve Navier-stokes
equations.
Acknowledgements
also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Organizing Secretary)
and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for inviting me to present a talk in
the Seminar on 25
th
REFERENCES
1. Computer Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer, Tata McGra Hill,1998, New
Delhi,India.
2. K.Muralidhar and T.Sundarajan, Narosa Pub.House, 2003,New delhi,India.
th
3. John C. Tannehill, Dale A.Anderson, Richard H.Pletcher, Computational Fluid
Mechanics and Heat Transfer,Taylor and Francis,1997, USA.
4. John D. Anderson,Jr., Computational fluid dynamics :The basics and Applications,
McGraw-Hill,1995,USA.
5. Idriss Ammara and Christian Masson,Development of a fully coupled control-volume
finite elementmethod for the incompressible NavierStokes equations, Int. J. Numer.
Meth. Fluids 2004; 44:621644.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of Two-Phase N-policy
M/M/1 Queueing System with
Secong Optional Service and Server
Authors: K. Chandan, K.Satish Kumar and
B. Basaveswara Rao
Department of Statistics, Acharya Nagajuna University, Guntur Dist)
Andhra Pradesh, India. kotagirichandan@gmail.com.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract : This paper deals with an analysis of single server N-policy two phase M/M/1
queueing system with second optional service and server startup. The arrival occurs individually
according to a Poisson process and the service times follow an exponential distribution. The
customers receive individual service in first phase and proceed to the optional batch service in
second phase. The server is turned off each time the system empties, as and when the queue
length reaches or exceeds N (threshold), the server immediately turned on but is temporarily
unavailable to serve the waiting customers. The server needs a startup time before providing
first phase (individual) service. The distribution of the system size is derived through probability
generating function and obtained other system characteristics. The sensitivity analysis has been
carried out to examine the effect of values of the parameters in the system.
Acknowledgements
also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Head of the
Department of Mathematics), and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for
accepting to present this survey article at the One day National Seminar on 25
th
October 2011
(the 200 Birth day of Galois).
Mathematics the unshaken Foundation of
Sciences, and the plentiful Fountain of
Advantage to human affairs ---- Issac Barrow
Oral Prasentation
-------------------------------
th
GOLDEN RATIO
AND HUMAN BODY
Author: Satyasri Bhavanari
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Republic of China
In mathematics and the arts, we say that two quantities are in the golden ratio if the
ratio of the sum of the quantities to the larger quantity is equal to the ratio of the larger
quantity to the smaller one.
It is also known as the divine proportion.
The golden ratio is an irrational mathematical constant, approximately 1.6180339887. The
golden ratio is denoted by the Greek lowercase letter phi ( ) , while its reciprocal, or ,
is denoted by the uppercase variant Phi( ).
Section-1: Some Natural Examples:
1.1. GOLDEN RECTANGLE: Suppose the rectangle is divided into a square and a smaller
rectangle. In a golden rectangle, the smaller rectangle is the same shape as the larger
rectangle, in other words, their sides are proportional. In further words, the two rectangles are
similar. This can be used as the definition of a golden rectangle. The proportions give us:
a/b = (a+b)/a
Survey Article
----------------------------------------------------
Presenter: Satyasri Bhavanari
MBBS V Yr,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Republic of China
Virtue is the knowledge of goodness
Sin is the ignorance of goodness.
th
1.2 Many buildings and works of art have the Golden Ratio in them,
such as the Parthenon in Greece.
1.2. FIBONACCI NUMBERS: There is a close relationship between the golden ratio
and the fibonacci numbers. The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers. Discovered by
Leonardo Fibonacci. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...
The characteristic of these numbers is each number is formed by the sum of preceding two
numbers. The Rule is x
n
= x
n-1
+ x
n-2.
If you take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci Numbers, their ratio is very close
to the Golden Ratio. In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci Numbers, the closer the
approximation.
1.3. Golden ratio is exhibited by Egypt pyramids, Leonardo DaVincis portrait of
Monalisa, Sunflower, the snail. A book Universal Principles of design also approximates the
golden ratio when it is opened.
1.4. Honeybees: A honeybee colony consists of a queen, a few drones and lots of workers.
The female bees (queens and workers) all have two parents, a drone and a queen. Drones, on the
other hand, hatch from unfertilized eggs. This means they have only one parent. Therefore,
Fibonacci numbers express a drone's family tree in that he has one parent, two grandparents,
three great-grandparents and so forth.
1.5. The APPLE companys IPod used the golden ratio.
Section-2: GOLDEN RATIO IN HUMAN BODY
Most of our human body parts follow the numbers one, two, three and five. A human being
has one nose, two eyes, three segments to each limb and five fingers on each hand.
2.1. Our fingers have three sections. The proportion of the first two to the full length of the
finger gives the golden ratio (with the exception of the thumbs).
2.2. We can also see that the proportion of the middle finger to the little finger is also a golden
ratio.
th
2.3. We have two hands, and the fingers on them consist of three sections. There are five
fingers on each hand, and only eight of these are articulated according to the golden number: 2,
3, 5, and 8 fit the Fibonacci numbers.
2.4. The DNA molecule in which all the physical features of living beings are stored, consists
of two intertwined perpendicular helices. The length of the curve in each of the helices is
34Amstrong and the Width is 21 ang. 1 angstrom= 100millionth of a centimeter. 21 and 34 are
two consecutive fibronacci numbers.
Golden ratio applies to idealized human body which scientists and artists agree. The
proportions and measurements of the human body can also be divided up in terms of the golden
ratio.
2.5. The important example of the golden ratio in the average human body is that when the
distance between the navel and the foot is taken as 1 unit, the height of a human being is
equivalent to 1.618.
2.6. Some other golden proportions in the average human body are:
(i). (The distance between the finger tip and the elbow) / (distance between the wrist and
the elbow).
(ii). (The distance between the shoulder line and the top of the head) / (head length).
(iii). (The distance between the navel and the top of the head) / (the distance between the
shoulder line and the top of the head).
(iv). (The distance between the navel and knee) / (distance between the knee and the end
of the foot).
(v). (The total width of the two front teeth on the upper jaw)/(by their length).
(vi). (The width of the first tooth and the second tooth of the upper jaw) /(the width of
the first tooth of the upper jaw).
(vii). (The length of face)/(the width of face).
(viii). (The distance between the lips and where the eyebrows meet)/(the length of nose).
(ix). (The length of face)/(the distance between the jaw and where the eyebrows meet).
(x). (The length of mouth)/(the width of nose).
(xi). (The distance between the eyes)/(the distance between eyebrows).
Not only the outer parts of the body, but some of the inner structures of the body
also follow the golden ratio.
2.7. Example: In a study carried out between 1985 and 1987, the American physicist Bruce
West and professor of medicine Aure Gold Burger revealed the existence of golden ratio in the
lung. One feature of bronchus that constitute the lung, is that they are not of equal length. The
windpipe divides into two unequal bronchi, one long on the left and the other short on the right.
It was determined that the proportion of the long bronchus to the short bronchus was 1.618.
Acknowledgements : The author thank the authorities of KBN College, Vijayawada for their
affection towards mathematics, and encouragement to conduct a National Seminar on Algebra in the
College. He also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Head of the
Department of Mathematics), and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for accepting
to present this survey article at the One day National Seminar on 25
th
October 2011 (the 200 Birth day of
Galois).
References: Some websites in the net through google search engine.
th
50
A PROSPECTIVE THEME OF MATHEMATICS

Prof. Dr K.Satyanarayana
(Chairman, BOS. Dept. of Telugu &Sanskrit); and

Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana
(Head, Department of Mathematics),
Nagarjuna Nagar-522510 (A.P.)
Sanskrit has contributed a lot in the field of Script, Language, Literature,
Religion, Philosophy, Mythology, Cosmology, Astronomy, Ayurveda, Jurisprudence,
Art, Architecture and Inscriptions etc. The Vedas are the store house of knowledge
and a treasure of ancient and modern Mathematics. The famous book Vedanga
Jyothisha explains the importance of mathematics in the following beautiful verse:

Yatha sikha Mayuranam Naganam manayo yatha
Tadvat vedanga sasthranam Ganitam murdhani sthitam
Similar to a plumage on the head of a peacock, Gems on the head of a serpent,
the subject: mathematics occupying a prominent place on the top of all vedanga
sastras.
The word Ganita derived from the Sanskrit root Gan samkhyane which
indicates Numeration. This is undoubtedly emphasizes a great contribution of
mathematics to every field. The familiar great scientist: Albert Einstein said we owe
to Indians who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile Scientific
discovery could have been made. This sentence makes us understand the intellectual
caliber of Indian Mathematicians of the past.
Now let us examine some of the great Sanskrit scholars who have contributed
for the development of mathematics. Mahaveeracharya, a great scholar in sanskrit
explains the importance of mathematics in the following beautiful stanzas in his
familiar work Ganitasara samgraha
Lowkike vaidike vapi tatha samayikepi yah
Vyaparastatra sarvatra samkhyanamupayujyate
Bahunirvipralapaih kimsthrilokye sacaracare
Yatkincitvastu tatsarvam Ganitena vina nahi
The above stanzas are explaining that all the applications in this world are
much inter linked with mathematics. To acquire good knowledge in spiritual and
secular things Mathematics is the main source and base. The ten numerals such as
Sunya, Eka, Dwi, Thri, Catur, Pancha, shat, Sapta, Asta, Nava are well explained in
Yajur Veda 17
th
chapter. These are used in making highest numbers such as Sata (10
2
= hundred)), Sahasra (10
3
= Thousand), Ayuta (10
4
= ten thousand), Niyuta (10
5
=
hundred thousand), Paryuta (10
6
= million), Arbuda (10
7
= ten million), Nyarbuda
(10
8
= hundred million), Samudra (10
9
= Billion), Madhya (10
10
= ten Billion), Anta
(10
11
= hundred Billion) and Parartha (10
12
= One Trillion). According to Lalitha
th
51
Vistara the book of Buddihists, the biggest number Tallakshna ( that is10
53
). In the
work of Jaina Anuyogadwara the biggest number is 10
140
. Zero is well discussed
in Vedas, and Puranas. The santhi Manthra of Esa-vasyopanishad explains the
importance of zero in this verse
Om purnamadah purnamidam purnat purnamudacyate
Purnasya purnamadaya Purnamevaava sishyate.
Thus the importance of zero is well explained in Sanskrit by quoting various
secular usages. There are many expressions which depict the numbers very well. For
example, to explain zero and one in ancient period, they used to mention Sky and
Moon or the Earth respectively. To denote the number two they used eyes, hands,
bubbles or ears which are two in number. In this way Sanskrit is bearing full of
beautiful numerical expressions which denote the numbers in a clear way. Hence, we
may proud to say that India is the base for the Numerology or Numerical Education.
Sanskrit explains the eight fold path which is used in mathematics as
Samkalanam (Addition), vyavakalanam (Subtraction), Gunanam (Multiplication),
Bhaagah (Division), Vargah (Root), Vargamulam (Square Root), Ghanam (Cube) and
Ghanamulam (Cube Root). The salient features of Square root and cube root are well
explained by the great Indian Sanskrit scholars like: Arya Bhatta and Brahma Gupta.
In Taittariya samhita; Brahmanas, Samantara srenis and Gunottara srenis these
number concepts are well narrated/presented.
The great Scholar Prof. Macdonnel said that the invention of Algebra and
Astronomy by Indians occupied the firm place in this world. Algebra has its
popularity not only in Arabian countries but also in European countries from this
great India. The eminent scholars Arya Bhatta, Apastamba, Boadhayana, Katyayana,
Bramha Gupta and Bhaskaracharya rendered a good service in popularizing Algebra
in this Universe. Later course of time, the subject Algebra occupied a prominent
place in china and Japan.
In Vedic-samhitas Arithmetics, Algebra and Geometry etc, are well
explained with the help of easy formumulae. Many applications are found in
Bouddhayana Sulabha Sutras. Thus we may say that India is far a-head in the field
of Geometry, Algebra and Arithmetic from the ancient period. The Vedic
Mathematics written by well versed scholars providing so many easy solutions for
the problems in the field of Modern Mathematics. The progress of Mathematics is
from B.C period first century in India. The familiar work Aryabhateeyam was
notified as the first and familiar work in Mathematics and Astrology written by the
well versed Indian scholar Aryabhatta who born in 476 A..D. This familiar work
Aryabhateeyam pocessing four padas (namely Dasagitika pada, Ganita pada,
Kalakriya pada and Golapada). In the Ganita pada the topics: Ankaganitam,
Bijaganitam and Rekhaganitam were described with many formulas in an easy
manner. This is also bearing the introduction of the numbers, root, square root, cube,
cube root, etc.. The formulas for the construction of triangle, square and circles are
narrated.. The famous book Maha siddantham written by AryaBhatta describes
famous astrological Mathematics of those days. He mentions in a stanza Bhugolah
Sarvathovruthih (Arya Bhateeya in the sixth verse of Golapada) that the earth
rotates round the Sun. He also mentioned that the rotation of the earth around the sun
takes place 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.1 seconds. The value of Pi (in chapter-2 of
th
52
Ganitha Pada in Arya Bhateeya) is well approximated as 3.1416. The area of triangle
is said as Tribhujasya phalasariram samatalakoti bhujartha samvargah, which
means
1
2
b h.
The great scholar Varaha Mihira (in 505 A.D) one of the nine Gems of
Vikramadityas court explained in his work Pancha Siddhanthika that The earth
with five elements is appearing like a ball in a cage and hence, this sentence states
the earth is round.
Zero was not the brain child of the western world. But, as the product of
Indian Mathematician (called Brahma Gupta (598-670 A.D) who was born in
Bhinmal of Gujarath, India) there are two familiar books Brahma sphuta siddntha
(628 A.D) and Kahandakhadyaka (665 A.D). The first one is having 24 chapters
and 1008 verses. In this great work 12th chapter explains Anka ganitam,
Kshetramiti. In 18
th
chapter algebra was discussed. The author mentioned that if we
divide any number with zero then the remainder is infinity (in the present days,
dividing any number with zero is undefined one). These two great treatises are
translated in to Arabic by the scholars, in later course of time.
Also the well versed Mathematician Sridharacharya: contributed a lot for
mathematics by his familiar books Trisati and Ganithsarah He has written many
formulas to know the ratio, interest, simple and compound interest, time and distance.
He attained the name and fame in the field of Mathematics during his times.
In 1200 A.D., the book Lilavathi was written by Bhaskaracarya. Sripati
(who was an expert in Astrology) wrote two famous books Ganita Tilaka and
Bijaganita, the first one contains 125 verses that narrate various questions. A
famous commentary of Jaina Mathematician Simha tilaka suri is available to this
great work. `
The famous mathematician: Mahaveeracharya was born in the first half of the
9
th
century A.D,. He is the author of Ganita sara samgraha that explains the
methods of Indian mathematical system with Arithmetic, Geometry. Many solutions
were given for the problems raised by the mathematicians earlier to him. The
importance of borrowing numbers and short techniques of multiplications, the
importance of L.C.M, zero and square are well discussed
.
Bhaskaracharya-II (1114 A.D.) attained the name and fame as a great
Mathematician and an eminent Astrologer. He wrote many books such as Siddhanta
siromani, Bijaganitham, Lilavati, Karanakuthuhala, Muhurthapatala and Vivaha
patala. Lilavati, Bijaganita (that are related to Mathematics) and some other books to
Astrology. The satellite which was launched in to the space on 1979 June 7 th
(named as Bhaskara II) indicates a good reputation to this great Mathematician.
Lilavathi is bearing 278 verses which narrates Arithmetic with suitable examples.
Ganita-koumudi and Bijaganitavatamsa are the two famous works written by
an eminent scholar born in (14
th
century). They narrate Arithmatic and Algebra in a
th
53
simple style. Muniswara (1700 A.D), wrote two books entitled: Pati Ganita and a
good commentary on Lilavati. His famous work Pati sarah enlightens the Arithmetic
problems.

In the modern days a Sanskrit Mathematician Bapu Deva Sastri (1821
A.D.) wrote many books on Rekha ganitam, Trikonamiti, Mapanavadastatvaviveka
pariksha, Ankaganitam. In 1860 A.D. Pandit Sudhakar Dwivedi an eminent scholar
in (not only in Astronomy but also in Mathematics) wrote number of Books, best
commentaries on Mathematics such as Goliya Rekha ganitam, Ganaka Tarangini,
Lilavatyah sopapatti teeka, Bhaskariya Bija Ganita Teeka, Panca Siddhantika
Prakasah and Arya Bhateeya Maha Siddhantasya Teeka.
By the above facts, and discussions made, one may conclude that the
Sanskrit Scholars of our India, invented and propagated several fundamental concepts
of mathematics, particularly in the field of Arithmetic, Algebra, Astronomy and
Geometry. Now it is possible for the Modern Mathematicians to dig out the
mathematics of earlier Indian Sanskrit scholars to get the vast information stored in
Sasthras. This may be useful for the present as well as future generations. The
government may come forward to provide funding to such useful projects. Let us
hope for the good of the future times.
References
[1] Aryabhteeya (commentary by Sankarashukla , Indian National Science
Academy, Delhi, 1976.
[2] Samskrutasahitye Vignanam, Delhi Sanskrit Academy, New Delhi, 2000.
[3] Some information browsed from the inter net.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Note On 2-Quasi-total Graphs
Authors: Satyanarayana Bhavanari & D Srinivasulu
Department of Mathematics, A.N.U, Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510, A.P., India.
Department of Mathematics,NRI Institute of Technology,
Agiripalli, Krishna(Dt.), A.P., India.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: In this paper we considered Q
2
(G) (2-quasitotal graph) and it is proved
that every triangle in Q
2
(G) contains an edge of G. Also proved that for a graph G the
following conditions are equivalent: (i) ) (G E =1, (ii) Q
2
(G) contains unique triangle;
Key Words: Total graph,1-quasi-total graphs
AMS(2000)Subject Classification: 05C30,05C75.
References:
BONDY.J.A & MURTY U.S.R.
[1]. Graph Theory with Applications, The macmillan press Ltd, (1976).
SATYANARAYANA BH.&SYAMPRASAD K.
[1]. An Isomorphism Theorem on Directed Hypercubes of Dimension n, Indian
J.Pure&Appl.math34(10)(2003)1453-1457.
[2]. Discrete Mathematics &Graph Theory, printice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi,2009.
Oral Presentation
-------------------------
D. Srinivasulu
th
Some results on Fuzzy Ideals of M- Modules.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: We consider Zero symmetric near rings only.
We collect some results related to relations between N-groups and M Modules, definition of Fuzzy
Ideal of M-Modules, some related fundamental results.
Ackonwledgements: The author thank the authorities of KBN College, Vijayawada for their affection
towards mathematics, and encouragement to conduct a National Seminar on Algebra in the College. He
also thank Dr P. Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Head of the Department of
Mathematics), and Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for accepting to present this
article at the One day National Seminar on 25
th
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EFFICEINT USING GRAPHS IN COMPUTER SCIENCES.
Authors: Mrs. S. Latha & J. Praveena
St. Marys Group of Institutions, Chebrolu, Guntur A.P, India.
Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, Krishna Dt., A.P., India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Graphs can be used to model many types of relations and process dynamics in computer science, physical,
biological and social systems. Many problems of practical interest can be represented by graphs. The
general theory of graphs has a wide range of applications in diverse fields. This paper explores different
elements involved in graph theory including graph representations using computer systems and graph-
theoretic data structures such as list structure and matrix structure. The emphasis of this paper is on graph
applications in computer science.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EFFICEINT USING GRAPHS IN COMPUTER SCIENCES
Authors: Mr. Y. Sankara Rao & Mrs. A. Latha
St.Marys Group of Institutions, Chebrolu, Guntur A.P, India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mathematics plays a vital role in every walk of human life and in every system. You can find no system
in which no mathematics were involved. In computer science, we use mathematics (algebra, in
particular) for calculating the route to transmit the packets in fast and efficient manner using shortest
routing methods. Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which we send the packets
in a network traffic. Routing is performed in every kinds of network, including the telephone network
(Circuit switching technique), electronic data networks (such as the Internet), and transportation
networks. In this present work, a generalized algorithm has been developed to find the shortest
path in a transmission line network. A network can be represented in the form of a graph to
understand the network in a better way.
This algorithm has the ability to traverse a packet from a complex network with any complex
substructures, with any number of nodes/edges. This algorithm has been developed to provide a
route to the packet to traverse from the source node to the designation node. These algorithms
are heuristic because they perform well only on some particular class of graphs. While their
performance has been good in experimental studies, no theoretical bounds are known to support
the experimental observations. Most of these algorithms have been motivated by finding paths
in large road networks. Dijikstrass algorithm is used to find the closest node from the source
node.
Oral Presentation
-----------------------------
M. Babu Prasad
Oral Presentation
------------------------------
J. Praveena
Oral Presentation
-----------------------------
Mr. Y. Sankara Rao
Proceedings of the National Seminar on ALGEBRA
College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October
th
Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste GALOIS)
October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana
55
Satyanarayana, Mr. VVN Suresh Kumar
th
KBN College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana, Mr. VVN
Suresh Kumar and Mr Mohiddin Shaw Shaik.) 56
On Seminearrings and their Ideals
P.Venu Gopala Rao, Department of Mathematics,
Andhra Loyola College (Autonomous), Vijayawada- 520 008.
E-mail:venugopalparuchuri@gmail.com
Abstract: A semiring is an algebraic system which is closed and associative under two
operations usual addition and multiplication and satisfies both distributive laws. Semirings
abound in the mathematical world around us. Indeed, the first mathematical structure we
encounter, the set of natural numbers with the usual operations of addition and multiplication
of integers is an example of a semiring. The algebraic systems with binary operations of
addition and multiplication satisfying all the ring axioms except possibly one of the
distributive laws and commutativity of addition are called Nearrings. A natural example of a
Nearring is given by the set M (G) of all mappings of an additive group G (not necessarily
abelian) into itself with addition and multiplication as composition of mappings.
In this Paper, the algebraic system seminearring is considered which is generalization of both
a semiring and a nearing. A seminearring S is an algebraic system with two binary
operations: usual addition and usual multiplication such that S forms a semigroup with
respect to both the operations, and satisfies the right distributive law. A natural example of a
seminearring is obtained by considering the operations usual addition and composition of
mappings on a set of all mappings of an additive semigroup S into itself. We consider the s-
ideal (left, right) of a seminearring defined by Javed Ahsan([1], [2]) and Weinert [7] and
provide examples.We define and study the fuzzy point view of various analogue properties of
ideals in seminearrings.

References
[1]. Javed Ahsan. Seminear-rings Characterized by their s-ideals I, Proceedings of
Japan Academy, Series A, 101103, 1995.
[2]. Javed Ahsan. Seminear-rings Characterized by their s-ideals II, Proceedings of
Japan Academy, Series A, 111113, 1995.
[3]. Jonathan S. Golan. Semirings and their Applications, Kluwer Academic
Publishers,1999.
[4]. Pilz G. Near-Rings: The theory and its Applications, North-Holland Publishing
Company, 1983.
[5]. Van Hoorn, Willy. G and Van Rootoselaar.B. Fundamental notions in the theory
of seminear-rings, Composition Math. , 18, 6578, 1966.
[6]. Weinert H.J. Seminear-rings, Seminear-fields and their semigroup theoretical
background Semigroup Forum, vol.24, 231 254 ,1982.
[7]. Weinert H.J and Hebisch. U. Semirings- Algebraic theory and applications in
Computer Science, World Scientific Publishing Company Ltd., 1998.
[8]. Xiang Yun Xie. On prime, quasi-prime, weakly quasi prime fuzzy left ideals of
semigroups, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol.123, 239 249 , 2001.
Proceedings of the National Seminar on ALGEBRA
College, Vijayawada, A.P., (October
th
Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste GALOIS)
October 25, 2011) (Editors: Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana
57
Satyanarayana, Mr. VVN Suresh Kumar
th
Nanotechnology, an emerging era
Authors: Bhavanari Mallikarjun
1
, Kolla Ramasubramaniam
1
& Udayagiri Harsha
2
1. Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore,
Tamilnadu
2. MS student, Department of Computer science and Electrical Engineering
University of Mussori, Kansas city, Mussori, USA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: In this paper we discuss the introduction regarding Nanotechnology, what is
Nanotechnology Some of the applications of Nanotechnologies in the present world.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIVISIBLE SEMIGROUPS
Authors: N.V.Ramana Murty,
Dept. of Mathematics, Andhra Loyola College,
Vijayawada-520008
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract The concept of divisibility has been studied in Abelian groups by many mathematicians and it
has enough literature in Abelian group theory. Similar to this concept, this paper makes an attempt to
study the concept of Divisibility in Semigroups. It has been discussed some important properties of
divisible semigroups and given some examples. Throughout this paper all semigroups are additive and
commutative with respect to addition.
Definition 1: A semigroup S is said to be divisible if for any element x in S and for any positive integer n,
there exists an element y in S such that , ny x where ( ) ny y y y n times
If the element y exists in S uniquely, then S is called uniquely divisible.
References
1. Fuchs, L., Infinite Abelian Groups, Vol. I, Academic Press, New York (1970).
2. Howie, John M., Fundamentals in Semigroup Theory, Oxford Science Publications,
Clrendon (1995).
3. Tamura, T., Minimal Commutative Divisible Semigroups, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 69,
No. 5 (1963), 713-716.
Oral Presentation
----------------------------
Mr. Bhavanari Mallikarjun
VIT Univeristy, Tamilnadu
Oral Presentation
----------------------------
Dr. N.V. Ramana Murthy
th
A Note on Inversive Localization
in Noetherian Regular Delta Near Rings
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: In this paper we discuss some existing examples in torsion theory and obtain a
general theorem on the relation between localizing and forming factor of Noetherian regular
delta near rings.
Keywords : Near-ring, Semi Prime ideal , Prime ideal, Proper kernel Functor, Annihilator,
Noetherian Near-ring, regular Near-ring, Noetherian Regular -near-ring.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A NOTE ON HAMILTONIAN
PATH AND HAMILTONIAN
CIRCUIT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT: A Hamiltonian path is a spanning path in a graph, i.e. a path through every
vertex. I discuss in this paper a sufficient condition of a Hamiltonian path and Complexity of the
Hamiltonian circuit problem for planner graphs.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A NOTE ON FUZZY IDEALS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT: In this paper I would like to discuss about the fundamental concepts related to
Fuzzy ideals in Gamma Near rings.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimal Dominating Set
of an Interval Graphs
Authors: A. Sudhakaraiah, E. Gnana Deepika, A.Sreenivasulu, V. Rama Latha
Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati- 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT: Graph Theory is a Fascinating subject. One simple way of representing structure of
system is to use graphs which are simply interval graphs consisting of points and lines. Among the
various applications of the theory of domination, the most often discussed is a communication network.
The problem is to select a smallest set of sites at which transmitters are placed so that every site in the
network that does not have a transmitter, is joined by a direct communication link to the site, which has a
transmitter. Then this problem reduces to that of finding a minimum dominating set in the graph
corresponding to this network. Suppose communication network does not work due to link failure. In this
paper we discuss minimal dominating set of interval graphs.
Oral Presentation
------------------------------
N V Nagendram
Oral Presentation
------------------------------
S. Venu Madava Sarma
Oral Presentation
------------------------------
B. Nanda Kumar
Oral Presentation
------------------------------
th
Nanotechnology: An Emerging Era
Authors: Mr. Bhavanari Mallikarjun, Mr. Kolla Rama Subramanyam
M.Tech., Students
Centre for Nanotechnology Research,
VIT University, Vellore-632014
TamilNadu, India.
Mr. Harsha Wudayagiri
M.S., Student
Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering,
University of Missouri, Kansas City
United States of America.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nanotechnology is a technology of using one nanometer size for the better standards of human with the
help of technology. A nanometre is one billionth of a meter. Generally, the nanotechnology dealt for using 1nm to
100nm in present day. The electron in atom moves form 10
-9
to 10
-10
meters. Nanotechnology was first introduced
in 1959 from the famous lecture Theres a plenty of room at the bottom delivered by Richard Feynman.
Nanotechnology, the short gun marriage of chemistry and engineering in molecular manufacturing or more simply,
builds things with one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms.
Nanotechnology is the amalgamation of knowledge from chemistry, physics, biology, materials science,
and various engineering fields. This technology proposes the construction of novel molecular devices possessing
extraordinary devices by manipulating atoms individually and placing them exactly where needed to produce the
desired result. Nanotechnology includes integration of nanoscale structures into larger architectures that could be
used in industry, medicine, and environmental protection. Nanostructures are 0-Dimensional, 1-Dimensional,
2-Dimensional, 3-Dimensional. Example for 0-Dimensional Nanostructure is Quantum dots, for 1-Dimensional is
Carbon Nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires. 2-Dimensional is Graphene, Nanobelts etc.
Nanostructures and its properties are fascinating and in this regard intensive research is going on with
investigations on structural property relation with some diminishing dimensions. Nanostructures are hindered by the
progress of the synthesis and characterization methods for these nanoscaled materials. Nanostructures are prepared
by using different metal oxides, semi conducting materials with Physical Vapor Deposition and Chemical Vapor
Deposition Techniques. There are different types techniques involved in these both techniques specified above.
These nanostructures are like hierarchy development blocks for building the new devices and materials applications
in fields of electronics, communication, photonics, solar power, sensing, thermoelectric power, biosensors for
generation of power, robots, medicine, and various fields of engineering etc.,
Nanostructures applied in electronic devices such as i-pod, mobile, laptop, memory storage hard disks etc.
Due to this the size of the electronic gadgets are manufactured to be consumer friendly with high performance and
special specifications.
Nanoparticles are present in nature in the feather of a peacock, leaf of banana tree, butterfly wings, lotus
flower leaf. Nanotechnology used in the field of biosciences is known as nanobiotechnology. The role of
nanoparticles in medicine is referred to as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine involves the design manufacture,
administration, and monitoring of drugs and diagnostic/therapeutic devices that use nanoparticles about 1-100
nanometers in size. The nanoparticles exhibit properties (strength, electrical conductivity, elasticity, colour etc.) that
same materials do not have at micro or macro sizes.
Collaboration between Medicine and Nanotechnology that has given birth to the revolutionary concept of
nanomedicine, which is the medical application of nanotechnology. The present era of Nanotechnology has reached
to a stage where scientists are able to develop programmable and externally controllable complex machines that are
built at molecular level which can work inside the patients body. Nanomedicine is the medical application of
molecular nanotechnology (MNT) a still-developing science dedicated to constructing microscopic
Survey Article
____________________________
Presenter:
Mr. Bhavanari Mallikarjun
th
biomechanical devices like nanorobots. Nanorobots would be programmed for specific biological tasks and injected
into the blood in solution to work at the cellular level to do everything from repairing tissue, to cleaning arteries,
attacking cancer cells and viruses like AIDS, and even reversing the aging process. Nanomedicine will therefore
improve the efficacy of the drugs, help target the drug specifically to the desired area thus minimizing unnecessary
side effects and toxicity. Overall, nano-medicine will help to improve quality of life. The idea to build a nanorobot
comes from the fact that the bodys natural nanodevices
Airborne nanorobots could be programmed to rebuild the thinning ozone layer. Nanotechnology has the
potential to benefit the environment through pollution treatment and remediation as any waste atoms could be
recycled, since they could be kept under control. This would include improved detection and sensing, removal of the
finest contaminants from air, water and soil, and creation of new industrial processes that reduce waste products and
are eco friendly.
Nano-computer is a computer whose fundamental components measure only a few nanometers, thereby
offering tremendous speed and density. Research is going on in this project by NCDT. The nanocomputer dream
team (NCDT) is currently developing software to create a massive parallel supercomputer based on personal
computers linked via internet.
Moving agriculture into greenhouses can recover most of the water used, by dehumidifying the exhaust air
and treating and re-using runoff. Greenhouse agriculture requires less labor and far less land area than open-field
agriculture, and provides greater independence from weather conditions including seasonal variations and droughts.
When the glass surfaces are treated with our 'Nano Glass / Window Sealant SR', time and money on cleaning can be
reduced. A large-scale move to greenhouse agriculture would reduce water use, land use, and weather-related food
shortages. A new, more powerful industrial revolution capable of bringing wealth, health and education, without
pollution, to every person on the planet is just around the corner.
Nano-materials are used in the solar cells to improve efficiency. Nanoparticles are used in the fabrics,
which improves the life of the cloth and the color with better comfort. Nanotechnology applied in communication
such as nanophotonics improves the speed of the transfer of digital information data.
Applications of nanotechnology will include the enhancement of agriculture productivity using
nanoporous. Nanotechnology is used in the geotechnical engineering for better understanding of soil nature and
structure. By addition of nanoparticles to soil as an external factor manipulates the soil at atomic or molecular level.
The risks of nanotechnology are: untraceable weapons of mass destruction, i.e., personal risk from criminal
or terrorist use. There will be economic disruption from an abundance of cheap products, economic oppression from
artificially inflated prices. Some environment damage by unregulated products i.e., by the increase of e-waste and
social disruption from new products/lifestyles.
Nanotechnology offers great potential for benefits to human-kind. Consumer goods will become plentiful,
inexpensive, smart and durable. Medicine will take a quantum leap forward. Space travel and colonization will
become safe and affordable. For these and other reasons, global lifestyles will change radically and human behavior
will be drastically impacted.
Acknowledgements: The author thank the authorities of KBN College, Vijayawada for their affection towards
mathematics, and encouragement to conduct a National Seminar on Algebra in the College. He also thank Dr P.
Krishna Murthy (Principal), Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar (Head of the Department of Mathematics), and Prof. Dr
Bhavanari Satyanarayana (Academic Secretary) for accepting to present this survey article at the One day National
Seminar on 25
th
References
[1] Bhavanari Mallikarjun and Wudayagiri Harsha Nanorobots in Medicine, in the book: Emerging Trends
in Bio Medical Research (Editors: Dr. KRS Sambasiva Rao and Dr. RS. Prakasham) (ISBN 978-81-9088886 1-5)
(2009) PP 155-171
[2] Some Websites in Internet.
ONE DAY NATIONAL SEMINAR ON ALGEBRA
25
TH
OCTOBER 2011, KBN College, VIJAYAWADA.
PROGRAM
08:30 to 9.30 am Registration
9.30 am to 10.30 am INAUGARAL FUNCTION.
Technical Session 1
10.30 TO 11.00: INAUGARAL LECTURE by
PROF. DR P. Thrimurthy
Topic: APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
11 TO 11.30: Key Note ADDRESS By :
Prof. Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana
Topic: FINITE DIMENTION OF VECTOR SPACES AND MODULES
11.30 11.45 TEA-BREAK
Technical Session 2
11:45 noon to 12:15 pm Invited talk by: Dr ATUL GAUR, DELHI UNIV.
Topic: Multiplication Modules
12.15 PM TO 12.45 PM
Invited talk by: DR V. AMBETHKAR, DELHI UNIV.
Topic: Some Numerical Methods for Solving Navier-Stokes Equations
Technical Session 3
12.45 TO 1.15PM SHORT TALKS
1. DR DASARI NAGARAJU, Manipal University Jaipur
(Topic: Zero Square Rings)

2. SHAIK MOHIDDIN SHAH
(Topic: Construction of the Prime Graph of a Ring)
1.15 PM TO 2 PM WORKING LUNCH
Technical Session 4
2 pmto 3 pm: (PARALLEL SESSIONS)
2 pm to 2.40 pm INVITED SHORT TALKS BY:
(i). DR Bavanari Satyanarayana, Nuzvid P.G Centre, Nuzvid.
(ii). DR T.V. Pradeep Kumar, ANU College of Engineering
2 pm to 3 pm:
PAPER READING SESSION (Chair Person: Dr Dasari Nagaraju)
Technical Session 5
3 PM to 3.45 pm : TEACHER SESSION (ORGANIZED BY AIMEd)
Discussion and Problem Solving Session (for School Teachers)
Chair Person: Sri Pokala Chandar, Executive Engineer, Warangal.
Organized by: Mr. Ch. V. Narasimha Rao, Director, AIMEd, Vijayawada.
Speakers: Sri. G.V. Chalapathi Rao, Rtd. HM.,
Hon.President, Teachers Association, Narasaraopet
Mr. Khasim, Best Teacher Awardee 2011, Guntur
Mrs. T. Madhavi Latha, M.Sc., M.Phil.,
Vice-Principal, APRSW School, Jangareddygudem.
Some more Teachers
3.45 TO 4 PM TEA BREAK
4 PM TO 4.45 VALIDECTORY FUNCTION
& DISTRIBUTION OF CERTIFICATES FOR PARTICIPANTS.
Chief Guest: SRI POKALA CHANDAR, Executive Engineer, Warangal

Dr. BHAVANARI SCHOLARS / STUDENTS ASSOCIATION
Dr Kuncham Syam Prasad: He awarded Gold Medal for his first rank in M. Sc., Mathematics in
1994. He is a recipient of CSIR-Senior Research Fellowship. He got awarded M. Phil., (Graph
Theory) in 1998 and Ph.D., (Algebra - Nearrings) in 2000 under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari
Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST Awardee). He published Nineteen research papers in reputed
journals and presented research papers in thirteen National Conferences and six International
Conferences in which five of them were outside India: U.S.A (1999), Germany (2003), Taiwan (2005), Ukraine
(2006), Austria (2007), Bankok (2008), Indonesia (2009). He also visited the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
Hungary for joint research work with Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (2003) and the National University of Singapore
(2005) for Scientific Discussions. He authored nine books (UG/PG level). He is also a recipient of Best Research
Paper Prize for the year 2000 by the Indian Mathematical Society for his research in Algebra. He received INSA
Visiting Fellowship Award (2004) for the collaborative Research Work. Presently working as Associate Professor
of Mathematics, Manipal University, Karnataka, India. E-mail: drkuncham@yahoo.com
Dr. Tumurukota Venkata Pradeep Kumar: He got awarded M.Phil., (-ring theory) and Ph. D.,
(Near-ring Theory) under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST Awardee).
He published five research papers in Indian and Abroad International Journals. He attended three
National Conferences and one International Conference. At present he is working as Assistant Professor
in ANU College of Engineering & Technology.
Dr. Dasari Nagaraju: He completed his Ph. D., (Ring Theory) He is a Project Associate in UGC-Major Research
Project (2004-2007) under the Principal Investigatorship of Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST
Awardee). He published eight research papers. He Worked in Rajiv Gandhi University (AP), Periyar
Maniammai University (Tanjavur). Presently working in Hindusthan University, Chennai.
Dr. Kedukodi Babushri Srinivas: He is an Associate Professor in Mathematics, Manipal University, Karnataka.
His educational qualifications are DOEACC O LEVEL from DOEACC Society, Department of Electronics, Govt.
India, M. Sc., and P.G.D.C.A. from Goa University. He qualified in the Joint CSIR-UGC JRF(JRF-
NET), Maharashra State Eligibility Test (SET) for Lectuership (accredited by UGC) and GATE in
Mathematics. He got Ph.D., (Fuzzy and Graph Theoritic aspects of Near-rings, 2009) under the
guidance of Dr Kuncham Syam Prasad and Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST Awardee). He
attended a number of workshops/Seminars in Mathematics and pubished four research papers in
international Journals like: Soft Computing, Communications in Algebra. He presented papers/delivered Lectures in
International Conferences held at Ukraine (2006), Austria (2007), Bankok (2008), Indonesia (2009). He is now
visiting Institute of Ring Theory, USA. E-mail: kbsrinivas77@yahoo.com
Dr Arava Venkata Vijaya Kumari: She completed her M.Sc., (Mathematics) from ANU with third rank. She got Awarded her
Ph.D., (Nearrings) under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari Satyanrayana (AP SCIENTIST AWARDEE, by DST, New Delhi, 2009,
Fellow-AP Akademy of Sciences, 2010). She published 3 research papers in National and International Journals. Presently
Heading the Department of Mathematics, JMJ College, Tenali.
Mr. M. B. V. Lokeswara Rao: He completed his M. Sc., (Mathematics) from ANU with third rank. He got awarded M. Phil.,
(Matrix Near-rings) under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST Awardee) with A grade. He is an
elected General Secretary of Association for Improvement of Maths Education (AIMEd., Vijayawada). He published one
research paper in Matrix Near-rings.
Mr. Sk. Mohiddin Shaw: He completed his M. Phil., (Module Theory) under the guidance of Dr
Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST Awardee). He visited Institute of Mathematical Sciences
(Chennai), IIT (Chennai), ISI (Calcutta), IIT (Guwahati) and Burdwan University (West Bengal) for his
research purpose. He attended eight Conferences/Seminars/ Workshops. He worked as a faculty in the
ANU P.G Centre at Ongole. He published Six research papers in Ring Theory.
Mr. J. L. Ramprasad: Awarded with Kavuru Gold Medal for College first in B. Sc., Course and with JCC Gold
Medal for Town first. Qualified in GATE-2001 Examination with Percentile score of 85.73. Awarded with M. Phil.,
(Module Theory) in May 2005 under the guidance of Sri. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST
Awardee). He authored two books at PG level. He published a research paper in USA. Presently
working as a Lecturer in P.G. Department of P. B. Siddhartha College, Vijayawada. E-mail:
ram_jupudi@rediffmail.com
Mr. K. S. Balamurugan: He got First Rank in B. Sc., and Second Rank in M. Sc., course. He awarded with M.
Phil., (Ring Theory) under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIENTIST Awardee) in 2006. He is
working as Sr. Lecturer in RVR & JC College of Engineering. He published one research paper in Ring Theory.
Mrs. T. Madhavi Latha: Her educational qualifications are B. Sc., B. Ed., M. Sc., Ed., M. Phil., PGDCA and
IELTS: 7.5. She was a NCERT scholarship holder during 1992-94. She got Visista Acarya Puraskar
Award in 1997 by Amalapuram Educational Society. She was the author of 3 books. She attended various
National and International seminars both on Education and Mathematics. She worked as a resource person
for various academic programmes. Presently she is working as a PGT in APSWR JC.
Dr. BHAVANARI SCHOLARS / STUDENTS ASSOCIATION
Mrs. Sk. Shakeera: She got M. Phil., degree (2007) in -ring theory under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP
SCIENTIST Awardee).
Mr. D. Srinivasulu: He got his M. Phil., degree (Graph Theory) under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP
SCIENTIST Awardee).
Brief Biodata of Prof. Dr SATYANARAYANA BHAVANARI, ANU
Got 2
nd
Rank securing 75% of marks in M.Sc., Maths (1977-79), ANU.
Got 1
st
Rank in Certificate Course in Statistics, ANU.
Undergone Certificate Courses in Electronic Computers (i). Indian Statistical Institute,
Calcutta (1986); and (ii) Annamalai University.
Awarded CSIR-JRF (1980-82), CSIR-SRF (1982-85), UGC-Research Associateship (1985), CSIR-POOL
OFFICER (1988), INSA Visiting Fellowship Award 2005, and ANU Best Research Paper Award-2006,
AP State Scientist-2009 Award (by DST New Delhi & APCOST Hyderabad), Fellow AP Akademy of
Sciences (2010), Siksha Rattan Puraskar (2011), Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award (New Delhi, 2011)
International Awards: Glory of India & International Achievers Award (Thailand, March 26, 2011)
Deputy Director General (IBC, England 2011)
One of the Top 100 Professionals 2011 (by IBC, Cambridge, England)
Awarded Five Ph.D., degrees and Ten M.Phil., degrees under his supervision.
One Research Student (Dr. Kuncham Syam Prasad, working in Manipal Academy of Higher Education,
Deemed University) got the National Award: IMS Award - 2000) for best research paper in Algebra.
Life member of Eight Mathematics Associations.
Elected President (2005-2007, 2007-2009) of the Association for Improvement of Maths Education
(AIMEd.,), Vijayawada.
Director of the National Seminar on Algebra and its Applications, organized by the Department of Maths,
ANU, Jan 05-06, 2006.
Published 29 General Articles in periodicals.
Authored / Edited 38 books (for B.Com. / M.A. (Eco.) / B.C.A / M.Sc.(Maths) (including a book on Discrete
Mathematics & GT, published by Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi)), Three books published by VDM
VERLAG DR MULLER, GERMANY.
Honorary Editor for the two Mathematical Periodicals (in Telugu Language): Ganitha Chandrica &
Ganitha Vahini Published from Andhra Pradesh.
Member Secretary and Managing Editor of Acharya Nagarjuna International Journal of Mathematics
& Information Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University.
Got Paul Erdos No. 3. Collaborative Distance with Einstein = 5
Attended 13 International Conferences (INCLUDING ICM-2010) and 24 National Conferences.
Principal Investigator of 3 Major Research Projects (Sponsored by U G C, New Delhi).
Published 65 research papers (in Algebra / Fuzzy Algebra / Graph Theory) in National and International
Journals.
Introduced the algebraic system Gamma near-ring in 1984.
Visiting Fellow at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, May 1989.
Visiting Professor at Walter Sisulu University (WSU), Umtata, South Africa, March 26 April 10, 2007.
Visited Austria (1988), Hongkong (1990), South Africa (1997), Germany (2003) Hungary (2003), Taiwan
(2005), Singapore (2005), Hungary (2005), Ukraine (2006), and South Africa (2007) on official works (to
deliver lectures / Collaborative research work).
Selected Scientist (By Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest; and University Grants Commission,
New Delhi, 2003) to work with Prof. Richard Wiegandt at A.Renyi Institute of Mathematics (Hungarian
Academy of Sciences) during June 05- Sept. 05, 2003. A research paper on Radical theory of Near-rings was
published with the co-authorship of Prof. Wiegandt (in the Book: Nearrings and Near-fields, Springer,
Netherlands, 2005, pp.293-299).
Selected Sr. Scientist (By Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest; and Indian National Science
Academy, New Delhi), Aug. 16 Sept. 05, 2005.
Name : Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana
Designation : Professor
Date of Birth : 12-11-1957
Place of Birth : Madugula (a Village in Palnadu region)
Mother : B. Ansuryamma (Late)
Father : B. Ramakotaiah (Retired Teacher) (Late)
Elementary School Edu: : Reddypalem (Near pedakodamagundla), Adigoppula, Madugula of Palnadu.
High School Education : St. Josephs Boys High School, Rentachintala, Guntur (Dt)
Inter + B.Sc. : S.S.N. College, Narasaraopet, Guntur (Dt)
M.Sc. + Ph.D : Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar
Ph: 0863-2232138 (R); Cell: 98480 59722.
E-mail : bhavanari2002@yahoo.co.in, bhavanari2005@rediffmail.com
Resume of
Dr BHAVANARI SATYANARAYANA
Professor Ph: Cell: 98480 59722
Department of Mathematics 0863 - 2232138
Acharya Nagarjuna University e-mail: bhavanari2002@yahoo.co.in
Nagarjuna Nagar 522 510, A.P., India.
_______________________________________________________________________________
1. Name : Bhavanari Satyanarayana
2. Address : Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana,
Professor
Dept. of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Nagarjuna Nagar - 522 510, A.P. INDIA.
3. Date of Birth & Age : 12
th
Nov., 1957, 54 Years.
4. Present Position : Professor
5. Academic Qualifications (from Degree level onwards):
Examination
Year Class % of Marks Rank Name of the Institution
B.Sc. 1974-77 FIRST 62.5 - SSN College, Narasaraopet,
(Andhra University)
M.Sc. 1977-79 FIRST 75
Distinction
II Dept. Maths, Nagarjuna
Univ.
B.Ed., 1985 First 60 Annamalai University,
Tamilnadu
M.Tech
(CS)
2008-10 First
Class
70
Distinction
Acharya Nagarjuna
University (Dist. Education).
Ph.D. 1985 Nagarjuna University.
(Title of Ph.D, dissertation : Contributions to Near-ring theory, Submitted in
June 1984)

6. Teaching Experience : ( 27 Years at Acharya Nagarjuna University)
From To Cadre Level
Degree/PG
Duration
01-10-85 17-05-86 Lecturer (Temp) PG 6 Months & 17 Days
21-05-86 20-11-86 Lecturer (Temp) PG 6 Months
18-11-87 20-01-88 Lecturer (Temp) PG 2 Months & 2 Days
20-01-88 30-08-88 Pool Officer (CSIR) PG 7 Months & 10 Days
30-08-88 30-08-93 Lecturer (Regular) PG 5 Years
30-08-93 26-07-98 Sr. Lecturer PG 4 Years & 11 Months
27-07-98 16-10-06 Associate Professor PG 8 Years & 2 Months
17-10-06 to date Professor PG 6 YEARS & 9 months
7. Attended the Refresher Courses for P.G. Teachers/Workshops
1. Workshop in Mathematics for P.G. Teachers, Oct 18-19, 2003, Acharya Nagarjuna
University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur (Attended as a participant).
2. Workshop on Lattice Theory, July 25, 2004, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla,
(Attended as a participant).
3. Refresher Course in Mathematics for Post Graduate Teachers, Dec 9-10, 2004, Vignan
School of Post Graduate Studies, Guntur (Attended as a participant).
4. 3-Day Workshop on Recent Trends in Mathematics Applied to Science and
Technolgy, April 20-22, 2006, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru
(Attended as a participant and delivered a talk on Graph Theory on 21-04-2006).
1. National Workshop on Uniform Hyper Graphs and their Applications,
January 30
th
- February 5
th
, 2008, Sir CRR International Institute of Mathematics,
Eluru (delivered an invited talk on Some Results on Prinicipal Ideal Graph of a
Ring)
Enclosure Page 7

8. Research Experience : 33 (Thirty three) Years.
Scholarships/Fellowships received :
Name of the fellowship Duration Institution
Jr. Research Fellowship (CSIR) Jan 1980 - Jan 1982 (2 Yrs) CSIR (Placement at NU)
Sr. Research Fellowship (CSIR) Jan 1982 Jan 1985 (3 Yrs) CSIR (Placement at NU)
Research Associateship (UGC) 1985 UGC (Placement at NU)
Pool Officer Jan 1988 Aug. 1988 CSIR (Placement at NU)
INSA Visiting Scientist
Award 2005
2005 INSA (to do joint research
work with Dr. Kuncham
Syam Prasad at Manipal
University, Karnataka)
9. Reviews of work done :
(i). referee for one Research Paper submitted to J. of Indian Math.Society, India.
(ii). referee for more than ten Research papers submitted to Indian J. Pure &
Appl. Mathematics, India.
(iii). referee for one research paper submitted to the Houston Journal of
Mathematics, USA (2005).
(iv). referee for one research paper submitted to the IJMMS (International J.
Mathematics & Mathematical Sciences), (2005).
(v). referee for one research paper submitted to the Journal The Mathematics
Student, India (2005)
(vi). Referee for three research papers submitted to the Journal Malesian J.
Mathematics (2006, 2007)
(vii). Referee for one research paper submitted to the Journal South East Asian J
Mathematics, 2007.
(viii). adjudicator for a Ph.D., Thesis submitted to North Eastern Hill University,
Shillong (1993 94)
(ix). adjudicator for a Ph.D., Thesis submitted to Manonmanian Sundarnar
University, Tirunelveli (1999)
(x). adjudicator for a Ph.D., Thesis submitted to Manonmanian Sundarnar
University, Tirunelveli (2001)

(xi) adjudicator for a Ph.D., Thesis submitted to Sri Padmavati Mahila
Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati (2006).
(xii) adjudicator for a Ph.D., Thesis submitted to Gulbarga University, Karnataka,
(2007).
(xiii) adjudicator for a Ph.D., Thesis submitted to Gauhati University, Guwahati,
Assam (2007).
10. Memberships of Professional Societies/visiting Assignment etc.
Life Member of the Indian Mathematical Society (S-86-085).
Life Member of the Ramanujan Mathematical Society.
Life Member of the Allahabad Mathematical Society.
Life Member (No: 141) of the AP Society for Mathematical
Sciences.
Life Member (Registration No: L11680) of The Indian Science
Congress Association, Kolkata-17.
Member of the New York Academy of Sciences.
Visited TIFR (Bombay) as a Visiting Fellow during1-31 May,1989.
Selected Scientist under Indo-Hungarian Cultural Exchange
Programme to do joint research work with Prof. Richard
Wiegandt at the A.Renyi Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian
Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, June 05 to Sept.05, 2003.
Selected Sr.Scientist Under the Bilateral Exchange Programme of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Budapest), and INSA (New
Delhi) to have scientific discussions with Prof. Richard Weigandt
& Prof. Laszlo Marki at A. Renyi Institute of Mathematics,
Budapest (Hungary), Aug 16 - Sep 05, 2005.
Visiting Professor at Walter Sisulu University, Umtata, South
Africa, March 26-April 10, 2007.
Awards/honors received
National Awards:
CSIR-JRF (1980-82), CSIR-SRF (1982-85),
UGC-Research Associateship (1985), CSIR-POOL OFFICER (1988),
INSA Visiting Scientist Award 2005,
ANUBest Research Paper Award-2006,
AP Scientist Award 2009 (by DST, Centr. Govt., New Delhi, and
APCOST, Hyderabad).
Fellow, AP Akademy of Sciences (2010),
Siksha Rattan Purskar (New Delhi, 20 - Jan - 2011).
Barat Vikas Rattan Award (New Delhi, 2011)
Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award (26-August-2011).
Mother Teresa Excellence Award (25-11-2012)
International Awards:
Glory of India of Award (Thailand, 26
th
March 2011)
International Achievers Award (Thailand, 26
th
March 2011).
One of the TOP 100 PROFESSIONALS (IBC, England, 2011),
Deputy Director General, IBC, England, 2011;
Great Mind of the 21
st
Century (ABI, USA, 2011)
Global Education Leadership Award, Thailand, Nov 2011
Fellow ABI, USA, 2011
The International Plato Award for Educational Achievement (IBC,
England, 2012)
TEACHER DISTINCTION
(i) Nominated/elected to State Bodies
Fellow, AP Akademy of Sciences, Since 2010.
Member of the Board of Studies in Mathematics (PG), Acharya Nagarjuna
University, 1988 to present.
Chairman, Board of Studies in Mathematics (PG), Acharya Nagarjuna University,
2008 to 2011.
Member of the Board of Studies in Mathematics (UG), Acharya Nagarjuna
University, 2008 to 2011.
Member of Board of Studies in Mathematics (UG), Kakatiya University,
Warangal, from 30-09-2008 to 2010 (two years).
Member of Board of Studies in Mathematics (PG), Kakatiya University, Warangal,
from 30-09-2008 to 2010 (two years).
Member of the Text book development Committee, SCERT (State Council for
Education, Research and Training), Hyderabad, 2009.
Member of Board of Studies in Mathematics (PG), Sri Venkateswara University,
Tirupathi, 26-09-2010 to 12-08-2013 (three years).
Elected Executive Member (2007-2008), Andhra Pradesh Society for
Mathematical Sciences, Hyderabad.
Elected Office Secretary (Dec. 2012-2014, for a period of two years),
Andhra Pradesh Society for Mathematical Sciences, Hyderabad
(ii) Nominated/elected to National Bodies
Elected President (2005-2007) of the Association for Improvement of
Maths Education, Vijayawada.
Elected President (2007-2009) of the Association for Improvement of
Selected Hon. President (2011 to date) of the Association for
Improvement of Maths Education, Vijayawada.
TEACHER DISTINCTION
Member of the Vidyalaya Management Committee, Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Nallapadu, Guntur
Member of the Draw Committee for student admissions in Vidyalaya Management
Committee, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Nallapadu, Guntur, March, 2012
(iii) Nominated/elected to International Bodies
Dyputy Director General, IBC, England, 2011.
Fellow, ABI (American Biographical Institute), USA, 2012
(iv) Nominated/elected to Regional Bodies
Member of the Board of Studies (UG) in Mathematics, Andhra Layola College,
Vijayawada.
Member of the Board of Studies (UG) in Mathematics, KBN College, Vijayawada,
March 2010 2012 (two years).
Member of the Board of Studies (UG) in Mathematics, Machilipatnam, Krishna
District, 2012 2014 (two years).
(v) Nominated/elected to Management Committees/Bodies
Member, Management Committee, Guptha College, Tenali
Member, Management Committee, VSR College, Tenali
(v) Nominated/elected to Selection Committees/Bodies
Member (Subject Expert), Selection Committee Meeting, Sri Vasavi Kanyaka
Parameswari Arts, Science and Commerce College, Markapur, 28-01-2010.
Member to select the Core Group of Teachers to write the State Government
School Text Books, SCERT, Hyderabad, 04-07-2009.
Judge, INSPIRE AWARDS PROGRAMME (Department of Science and Tech.,
New Delhi), for Guntur District, August 05-07, 2012.
TRAINED ABROAD
Stay abroad on sabbatical leave for teaching / research / exchange Progremme on
invitation.
Country visited Duration Purpose
Austria
Aug. 21-27,
1988
To deliver a lecture at the international conference on
General Algebra, Krems, Austria.
Hong Kong
Aug. 14-18,
1990
To present a paper at the Asian Mathematical Society
Conference, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong.
South Africa
July 06-11,
1997
To deliver a talk at the International Conf. on the
Theory of Radicals and Rings,
University of Port Elizebeth, South Africa.
South Africa
July 14-18,
1997
To present a talk at Inter. Conf on Near-Rings and
Near-Fields, Univ. of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Germany
July 27 Aug
03, 2003
To present a talk at 18
th
Inter. Conf. on Near-rings
and Near-fields, Univ. der. Bundeshwer, Hamburg.
Hungary
June 05
Sept.05,2003
Selected Scientist under Indo-Hungarian Cultural
Exchange Programme to do joint research work at
A.Renyi Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian
Academy of Sciences, Budapest.
Taiwan
July 31- Aug
06,2005
To present a talk at 19
th
International Conference on
Near-rings and Near-fields, National Cheng Kung
University, Taiwan.
Singapore
Aug 6 - Aug
07, 2005
To Visit the National University of Singapore and to
have Mathematical Discussions with the
Mathematics Faculty.
Hungary
Aug 16 - Sep
05, 2005
Selected Sr.Scientist Under the Bilateral Exchange
Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
(Budapest), and INSA (New Delhi) to visit A.Renyi
Institute of Mathematics, Budapest, Hungary.
Ukraine
July 30 -
Aug 05, 2006
To deliver a talk at the International Conference on
Radicals (ICOR-2006), Kyiv National Taras
Shevchenko University, Ukraine
South Africa
March 26 -
April 10, 2007
Visiting Professor at Walter Sisulu University,
Umtata, South Africa, to do joint research work with
Dr. Lungisile Godloza, Walter Sisulu University.
Bangkok
(Thailand)
May 28-30,
2008
To deliver an invited talk on Principal Ideal Graph
of a Ring, the International Conference on
Algebra and Related Topics (ICART 2008),
Chulalongkorn University, Bankok, Thailand,
May 28-30, 2008.
Bangkok
(Thailand)
March 24-29,
2011
To receive two international awards: Glory of India
Award; and International Achievers Award, in
INDO-THAI FRIENDSHIP BANQUET, Bangkok,
March 26, 2011
Mascut
(Oman)
Jan. 20 25,
2012
To deliver an invited talk at the International
Conference, Sultan Qaboos University, Mascut.
Also Chaired a Session
1
Books Authored/Edited
S.No Authors Title, Publisher Year
1. Prof. K.V. Siviaiah
Prof. K. Satya Rao
Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana &
Dr. B. Satyanarayana
Business Mathematics (Quantitative Methods)
(UG/PG level, B.Com/M.Com), Technical
Publishers, Guntur, A.P.

1994
2. Editor:
Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana
Authors:
Dr. B. Satyanarayana &
Mr. G. V. Subba Rao
Application Oriented Algebra (For beginners)
B.Ramakotaiah & Co., Madugula, Guntur Dt.
1994
3. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana &
Dr. K. Syam Prasad
Modern Applied Algebra for beginners (UG
level)
B. Ramakotaiah & Co., Madugula, Guntur Dt.
1995
4. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana
Mr. K. Syam Prasad
Mr. V. Dharma Rao
Mr. T. V. Pradeep Kumar &
Smt. T. Madhavi Latha
Introduction to Mathematics & Statistics,
(Quantitative Methods) (for M. A), Technical
Publishers, Guntur
1996
5. V. Kasaiah
Dr. K. Syam Prasad &
V.H. Leela
Text book of Mathematics, B.C.A (Bachelor of
Computer Applications), Technical Publishers,
Guntur
1999
6. Editors:
Dr. K. Syam Prasad
Authors:
T.V. Pradeep Kumar
T. Madhavi Latha &
A. Padmavathi
Discrete Mathematics, (for BCA/MCA)
Maruthi Publishers, Guntur 1999
Mr. K. Syam Prasad
Mr. M. Srinivasa Rao
Algebra
1999
Mr. K. Syam Prasad
Mr. M. Srinivasa Rao
Topology
1999
T.V. Pradeep Kumar
Linear Programming
B. Ramakotaiah & Co., Madugula, Guntur Dt. 2000
T.V. Pradeep Kumar
Rings and Modules
B. Ramakotaiah & Co., Madugula, Guntur Dt. 2000
Mr. K. Syam Prasad &
Mr. T. V. Pradeep Kumar
Analysis
2000
Contd2
2
12. J. Venkateswarlu &
Quantitative Methods Part-I
(Telugu medium) (for I yr B.Com students)
Jai Bharat Publishers, Guntur
2001
J. Venkateswarlu &
T.V Pradeep Kumar
Quantitative Methods Part-II
(Telugu medium) (for II yr B.Com students)
Jai Bharat Publishers, Guntur
2001
Dr. K. Syam Prasad
Functional Analysis
Satyasri Maths Study Centre, Guntur
2001
Smt. T. Madhavi Latha
Measure Theory
2001
16. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana Posets and Machines
Satyasri Maths study Centre, Guntur
2002
17. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana Lattices and Boolean Algebra
2002
Dr. K. Syam Prasad
Graph Theory
2003
19. Editor:
Author:
Mr. J. L. Ram Prasad
Galois Theory
2004
Mr. J. L. Ram Prasad
Analytic Number Theory and Graph Theory
Centre for Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna
University.
2004
21. Prof. L. Nagamuni Reddy
Prof. U. M. Swamy &
Prof. Y. V. Reddy
Algebra
University.
2004
22.
Prof. K. V. Achalapati
Prof. V. Gangadhar
Prof. C. R. Reddy
Prof. Bh. Satyanarayana
Prof. R. Sudarshan
Quantitative Techniques (for M. Com students)
Dr. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad
2004
23. Dr Bhavanari
Satyanarayana (one of the
Concept Designers and
Editors)
Modern Applications using Discrete
Mathematical Structures (Information
Technology), Sikkim Manipal University,
Directorate of Distance Education.
Content Development by Dr Kuncham Syam Prasad
& Mr. Deepak Shetty (Manipal University) Concept
Design & Editing by Prof. Bhavanari Satyanarayana
(ANU) & Mr. Kedukodi Babushri Srinivas (Manipal
University), .
June
2007
24.
Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana (Editor
and one of the authors),
Dr K. Syam Prasad,
Dr. T. Srinivas &
Mr. T. V. Pradeep Kumar
Discrete Mathematics (for MCA students)
University, Andhra Pradesh.
2008
3
(Editor and one of the
authors),
Dr T V Pradeep Kumar, Dr
T. Srinivas
Discrete Mathematics, Part 1, (for B.Sc.,
Information Technology students), Centre for
Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Andhra Pradesh
2008
(Editor and one of the
authors),
Dr T V Pradeep Kumar, Dr
T. Srinivas
Discrete Mathematics, Part 2, (for B.Sc.,
Information Technology students), Centre for
Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Andhra Pradesh
2008
27. Prof. K. Chandan,
Prof. GVSR Anjaneyulu,
Prof. Dr. Bhavanari
Satyanarayana,
Smt. SVS Girija
Operations Research, Computer Programming
and Numerical Analysis (for the students of III
B.Sc Statistics, P-IV), Centre for distance Education,
Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh
2008
28.
Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana &
Dr. K. Syam Prasad
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (for
B. Tech., / B. E / M.Sc., (Maths) /MCA students),
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi (ISBN: 978-
81-203-3842-5)
2009
29.
Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana Contributions to Near-ring Theory,
VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany (ISBN
978-3-639-22417-7)
2010
30.
Dr. Satyanarayana Bhavanari
& Mohiddin Shaw Sk.
Fuzzy Dimension of Modules over Rings,
VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany (ISBN 978-
3-639-23197-7)
2010
31.
Dr Satyanarayana Bhavanari
& Ram Prasad J L
Fuzzy Prime Submodules, VDM Verlag Dr
Muller, Germany (ISBN 978-3-639-24355-0)
2010
32.
Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana
(one of the Editors)
Ganitha Sastram, Class VI (in Telugu
Language), Published by Government of Andhra
Pradesh, Hyderabad
2010
33.
(one of the Editors)
Mathematics, Class - VI (English), Published by
Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad
2010
34.
Prof. Bhavanari Satyanarayana
Dr. Eswaraiah Setty S., &
Prof. Kuncham Syam Prasad
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Present
Trends in Mathematics and its Applications,
Sponsored by UGC, held at SGS College (Nov. 11-
12, 2010), Jaggaiahpet, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
2010
35.
Dr. Satyanarayana Bhavanari
& Dr. Nagaraju Dasari
Dimension and Graph Theoretic Aspects of
Rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany
(ISBN 978-3-639-30558-6)
2011
36.
Dr. Syam Prasad Kuncham &
Dr Satyanarayana Bhavanari
Dimension of N-groups and Fuzzy ideals in
Gamma Near-rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller,
Germany (ISBN 978-3-639-36838-3)
2011
37.
(one of the editors),
Dr. Vijaya Kumari A.V., &
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Present
Trends in Algebra and its Applications,
Sponsored by UGC held at JMJ College, Tenail,
2011
4
Dr. Mohiddin Shaw Shaik Andhra Pradesh, India. (July 11-12, 2011)
38.
(One of the Editors)
Mr. V. V. N. Suresh Kumar,
Dr. Mohiddin Shaw Shaik
Proceedings of the One day National Seminar
on Algebra, (200
th
Birth Anniversary Celebrations
of Evariste Galois) (in Collaboration with the
Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna
University), Sponsored by KBN College
Management, held at KBN College, Vijayawada,
A.P., India, October 25, 2011
2011
39. N.P. Bali, Satyanarayana
Bhavanari & Indrani Kelker
Engineering Mathematics I, (JNTU -
KAKINADA) Laxmipublications, New Delhi.
(ISBN: 978-93-81159-21-7)
2012
40. Bhavanari Satyanarayana
Kuncham Syam Prasad
Near rings, Fuzzy Ideals and Graph Theory,
Chapman and Hall/CRC (Taylor and Francis),
Newyork/England (ISBN 978-14-39873-10-6).
2013
Books authored/Edited and published

Single authored (reference books):
1. Dr.Bhavanari Satyanarayana , Contributions to Near-ring Theory, VDM
Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010, (ISBN 978-3-639-22417-7).
Multi-authored (reference books) :
1. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana & Dr. Kuncham Syam Prasad, Discrete Mathematics
with Graph Theory (for B.Tech/B.Sc/M.Sc.,(Maths)) Printice Hall of
India, New Delhi, 2009 (ISBN: 978-81-203-3842-5).
2. Dr. Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Mohiddin Shaw Sk, Fuzzy Dimension of
Modules over Rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010, (ISBN 978-3-
639-23197-7).
3. Dr Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Rama Prasad J L Fuzzy Prime Submodules,
VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2010, (ISBN 978-3-639-24355-0)
4. Dr Satyanarayan Bhavanari & Nagarju Dasari Dimension and Graph Theoretic
Aspects of Rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany, 2011, (ISBN 978-3-
639-30558-6)
5. Satyanarayana Bhavanari and Syam Prasad Kuncham Dimension of
N-groups and Fuzzy ideals in Gamma Near-rings, VDM Verlag Dr Muller,
Germany, 2011, (ISBN 978-3-639-624851-7).
6. Satyanarayana Bhavanari and Syam Prasad Kuncham Near-rings, Fuzzy Ideals,
and Graph Theory, Chapman and Hall (Taylor and Francis), England/New York,
2013 (ISBN: 978-14-39873-10-6).
Single-authored (other than reference books):
1. Bhavanari Satyanarayana POsets and Finite Machines, (for B.Sc/M.Sc
students), Satyasri Maths Study Centre, Guntur, 2002.
2. Bhavanari Satyanarayana Lattices and Boolean Algebra,, (for B.Sc/M.Sc
students), Satyasri Maths Study Centre, Guntur, 2002.

Multi-authored (other than reference books):
1. Prof. K.V. Siviaiah, Prof. K. Satya Rao, Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana & Dr. B.
Satyanarayana Quantitative Methods, (for BBM/M.Com. students),
Technical Publishers, Guntur, 1994.
2. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana (Editor), Dr. B. Satyanarayana & Mr. G. V. Subba Rao
Application Oriented Algebra, (for M.Sc. students), Bavanari Rama Kotaiah
& Co., Madugula, Guntur(DT), 1994.
3. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana & Dr. K. Syam Prasad, Modern Applied Algebra, (for
B.Sc. students), Bavanari Rama Kotaiah & Co., Madugula, Guntur(DT), 1995.
4. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Mr. K. Syam Prasad, Mr. V. Dharma Rao, Mr. T. V.
Pradeep Kumar & Smt. T. Madhavi Latha Quantitative Methods
(Introduction to Mathematics and Statistics) Telugu Medium (For M.A.
Economics), Technical Publishers, Guntur, 1996.
5. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Mr. K. Syam Prasad, Mr. T. V. Pradeep Kumar & Mr.
M. Srinivasa Rao, Algebra (for B.Sc/M.Sc students), Bavanari Rama Kotaiah
6. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Mr. K. Syam Prasad, Mr. T. V. Pradeep Kumar & Mr.
M. Srinivasa Rao, Topology (for B.Sc/M.Sc students), Bavanari Rama Kotaiah
7. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana & Dr. K. Syam Prasad (Editors); T.V. Pradeep, Kumar,
T. Madhavi Latha & A. Padmavathi (Authors) Discrete Mathematics, (for
BCA I Yr. students), Maruthi Publications, Guntur, 1999.
8. V. Kasaiah, Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Dr. K. Syam Prasad & V.H. Leela, A Text
book of Mathematics, (for BCA I Yr. students), Technical Publishers,
Guntur, 1999.
9. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Mr. K. Syam Prasad & Mr. T. V. Pradeep Kumar
Analysis (for M.Sc students), Bavanari Rama Kotaiah & Co., Madugula,
Guntur(DT), 2000.
10. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Dr. K. Syam Prasad & T.V. Pradeep Kumar Rings and
Modules, (for M.Sc students) , Bavanari Rama Kotaiah & Co., Madugula,
Guntur(DT), 2000.
11. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Dr. K. Syam Prasad & T.V. Pradeep Kumar Linear
Programming/Operation Research, (for B.Sc/M.Sc students), Bavanari
Rama Kotaiah & Co., Madugula, Guntur(DT), 2000.
12. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, Dr. K. Syam Prasad & Smt. T. Madhavi Latha
Measure Theory, (for M.Sc students), Satyasri Maths Study Centre, Guntur,
2001.

13. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana & Dr. K. Syam Prasad, Functional Analysis, (for
M.Sc students), Satyasri Maths Study Centre, Guntur, 2001.
14. J. Venkateswarlu & Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana Quantitative Methods (Part-1)
Telugu Medium, (for B.Com., I Yr. Students), Jai Bharat Publishers, Guntur,
2001.
15. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana, J. Venkateswarlu & T.V Pradeep Kumar Quantitative
Methods (Part-2) Telugu medium , (for B.Com., II Yr. Students), Jai Bharat
Publishers, Guntur, 2001.
16. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana & Dr. K. Syam Prasad, Graph Theory, (for
M.Sc/MCA students), Satyasri Maths Study Centre, Guntur, 2003.
17. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana (Editor), Mr. J. L. Ram Prasad Galois Theory, (for
M.Sc students), Satyasri Maths Study Centre, Guntur, 2004.
18. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana (Editor and one of the authors), Dr. Kuncham Syam
Prasad, Mr.J.L.Ram Prasad, Analytic Number Theory and Graph Theory,
(for M.Sc Maths students), Centre for Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna
University, 2004
19. Prof. Y.V. Reddy (Editor), Authors: Prof.Dr. Naga Muni Reddy, Prof.Dr.
Madana Swamy, & Dr.Bhavanari Satyanarayana, Algebra, (for MSc Maths I
year students), Centre for Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Nagarjuna Nagar, AP, 2004.
20. Dr. Bh. Satyanarayana (one of the authors) Quantitative techniques, (for
M.Com students), Dr. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad, 2004.
21. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (one of the Concept Designers and Editors)
Modern Applications using Discrete Mathematical Structures
(Information Technology), Sikkim Manipal University, Directorate of
Distance Education, June 2007.
Content Development by Dr Kuncham Syam Prasad & Mr. Deepak Shetty
(Manipal University) Concept Design & Editing by Prof. Bhavanari
Satyanarayana (ANU) & Mr. Kedukodi Babushri Srinivas (Manipal
University), June 2007.
Prasad, Dr T V Pradeep Kumar, Dr T. Srinivas Discrete Mathematics, (for
M.C.A. students), Centre for Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna
University, 2008
Prasad, Dr T V Pradeep Kumar, Dr T. Srinivas Discrete Mathematics, Part
1,(for B.Sc., Information Technology students), Centre for Distance
Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University, 2008

Prasad, Dr T V Pradeep Kumar, Dr T. Srinivas Discrete Mathematics, Part
2, (for B.Sc., Information Technology students), Centre for Distance
Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University, 2008.
25. Prof. K. Chandan, Prof. GVSR Anjaneyulu, Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana,
Smt. SVS Girija, Operations Research, Computer Programming and
Numerical Analysis (for the students of III B.Sc Statistics, P-IV), Centre for
distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University, 2008.
26. Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana is one of the Editors for the book Ganitha
Sastram, Class-VI (in Telugu Language) Published by Government of
Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 2010.
27. Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana is one of the Editors for the book,
Mathematics, Class-VI (English) Published by Government of Andhra
Pradesh, Hyderabad, 2010.
28. Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana is one of the Editors (Editors: Dr Eswaraiah
Setty S., Prof. Bhavanari Satyanarayana, Prof. Kuncham Syam Prasad)
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Present Trends in Mathematics and
its Applications, Sponsored by UGC, held at SGS College, jaggaiahpet, A.P.,
India. , Nov. 11-12, 2010.
29. Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana is one of the Editors (Editors: Prof. Bhavanari
Satyanarayana, Dr. Vijaya Kumari A.V., Dr. Mohiddin Shaw Shaik)
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Present Trends in Algebra and its
Applications, Sponsored by UGC, held at JMJ College, Tenali, A.P., India. ,
July 11-12, 2011.
30. Dr. Bhavanari Satyanarayana is one of the Editors (Editors: Prof. Bhavanari
Satyanarayana, Mr. V.V.N. Suresh Kumar, Dr. Mohiddin Shaw Shaik)
Proceedings of the One day National Seminar on Algebra (200
th
Birth
Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste Galois) (in collaboration with the
Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University), Sponsored by
KBN College Management, held at KBN College, Vijayawada, A.P., India,
October 25, 2011.
31. N.P. Bali, Satyanarayana Bhavanari & Indrani Kelker, Engineering
Mathematics I, (JNTU - KAKINADA) Laxmipublications, New Delhi.
(ISBN: 978-93-81159-21-7), 2012
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY - Research Guidance

M. Phils Awarded/Guided: 10
S.No Name of the
Candidate
Title of the Dissertation Area Month/Year
1. M. B. V.
Lokeswra Rao
On Primeness in Near-rings &
Matrix Near-rings
Near-ring
Theory
April
1995
2. Kuncham Syam
Prasad
An Isomorphism Theorem on
Directed Hyper cubes of
Dimension n
Graph
Theory
May
1998
3. T. V. Pradeep
Kumar
On g
1
-- prime left Ideals and
related Prime Radical in -rings
-rings May
1998
4. Manchi Srinivasa
Rao
On Complement Submodules of
a Module with FGD and related
graph
Module
Theory
May
2000
5. Dasari Nagaraju A Theorem on Modules with
Finite Goldie Dimension
Module
Theory
August
2004
6. Shaik Mohiddin
Shaw
On Fuzzy Dimension of a
Module with DCC on
Submodules.
Fuzzy
Module
Theory
April
2005
7. J. L. Rama Prasad Prime Fuzzy Submodules Fuzzy
Module
Theory
May
2005
8. K. S.
Balamurugan
Rings with Finite Dimension
with respect to two sided Ideals
Ring
Theory
March
2006
9. D. Srinivasulu Some Results on Types of Total
Graphs
Graph
Theory
January
2007
10. Shaik Shakeera Some Results on m-Systems and g-
Systems in -rings.
-ring
Theory
September
2007
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY - Research Guidance

Ph. Ds Awarded/Guided: 6
S.No Name of the
Candidate
Title of the Dissertation Area Month/Year
of Award
1. Kuncham Syam
Prasad
Contributions to Near-ring
Theory - II
Near-ring
Theory
May
2000
2. T. V. Pradeep
Kumar
Theory - III
Near-ring
Theory 2008
3. D. Nagaraju Contributions to Ring Theory Ring Theory
2009
4. A.V. Vijaya
Kumari
Theory - IV
Near-ring
Theory
2009
5 Kedukodi Bahushri
Srinivas
Fuzzy and Graph Theorietical
Aspects of Near-rings
(Contributions to Near-ring
Theory - V) Manipal University
Near-ring
Theory
18
th
November
2009
6 Mohiddin Shaw Sk. Contributions to
Ring Theory - II
Ring
Theory
(iii) Students presently working for Ph.D: 2 (two)
Research Projects operated / under operation
(1) Major Research Projects (UGC Sponsored ): (3 in number)
Title of the Project Duration Agency Sponsored and
Amount
Prime Radical and
Decomposition Theory of
Near-ring Modules
1994 1997 UGC, New Delhi
Rs. 1,04,000/-
Finite Goldie Dimension in
Modules over rings and near-
rings
2004 2007 UGC, New Delhi
Rs. 5,75,000/-
Finite Dimension and Fuzzy
Dimension in Modules and
Generalized Fields
2009-2012 UGC, New Delhi
Rs.5,42,800/-
(3) Projects with funding from outside India (3 in number)
Area of the
Research Project
Duration Agency/Institution
Sponsored
Scientist
with whom
the
Collaborati
ve work
done
Radical Theory of Near-
rings
(Selected Scientist under the
Indo-Hungarian Cultural
Exchange Program)
June 5 Sept
5, 2003
Hungarian
Academy Sciences,
Hungary, and
UGC, New Delhi
Prof.
Richard
Weigandt
Theory of Near-rings
(Selected Sr. Scientist under
the Bilateral Exchange
Program)
August 16
September 05,
2005
Hungarian
Academy Sciences,
Hungary, and
INSA, New Delhi
Prof.
Richard
Weigandt
Finite Dimension in Rings
and related systems
(Visiting Professor at Walter
Sisulu University, South
Africa)
March 26
April 10, 2007
Walter Sisulu
University,
Umtata, South
Africa
Dr Godloza
Lungisile
(4). Number of projects having collaboration with other research
Organizations. (3 in number)
(i) Collaboration research with Prof. Dr Sreenadh, Professor of Mathematics,
Sri venkateswar University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India.
(ii) Collaboration research with Dr Kuncham Syam Prasad, Manipal University,
Manipal, Karnataka.
(iii) Collaboration research with Prof. Dr. T. Srinivas, Kakatiya University, A.P.
RESEARCHPUBLICATIONS 1
National Refereed Journals (Indian Journals)
1984
1. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "Primary Decomposition in Noetherian Near rings", Indian J.
Pure & Appl. Math. 15 (1984) 127-130.(Zbl 0860.16033).
2 V. Sambasiva Rao & Bhavanari Satyanarayana "The Prime radical in Near-rings", Indian
J. Pure & Appl. Math. 15 (1984) 361-364.(Zbl 0533.16020).
1986
3. Y.V. Reddy & Bhavanari Satyanarayana "The f-prime Radical in Near-rings", Indian J.
Pure & Appl. Math. 17 (1986) 327-330.(Zbl 0588.16030)
1988
4 Y.V. Reddy & Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A note on N-groups", Indian J. Pure & Appl.
Math. 19(1988) 842-845.(Zbl 0661.16033)
5. Y.V. Reddy & Bhavanari Satyanarayana "Finite Spanning Dimension in N-groups". The
Mathematics Student, 56 (1988) 75-80.(Zbl 0708.16013).
1989
6. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "The Injective Hull of a Module with FGD", Indian J. Pure &
Appl. Math. 20 (1989) 874-883. (Zbl 0693.16016)
1990
7. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "On Modules with Finite Goldie Dimension", J. Ramanujan
Math. Society. 5 (1990) 61-75. (Zbl 0718.16016)
1991
8. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "On Finite Spanning dimension in N-groups", Indian J. Pure &
Appl. Maths. 22 (8) 633-636, August 1991.(Zbl 0748.16024).
1993
9. BHAVANARI SATYANARAYANA & G. KOTESWARA RAO "ON A CLASS OF MODULES AND N-
GROUPS", JOURNAL OF INDIAN MATH. SOCIETY. 59 (1993) 39-44.(ZBL 0860.16034).
1996
10. BHAVANARI SATYANARAYANA, M.B.V. LOKESWARA RAO AND K. SYAM PRASAD "A NOTE
ON PRIMNESS NEAR-RINGS AND MATRIX NEAR-RINGS", INDIAN J. PURE & APPL. MATH. 27
(3)(1996) PP227-234. (ZBL 0858.16040).
1998
11. Bhavanari Satyanarayana and K. Syam Prasad "A Result on E-direct systems in N-groups",
Indian J. Pure & Appl. Math. 29 (1998) 285-287. (Zbl 0903.16026)
1999
12. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A Note on -near-rings", Indian J. Mathematics (B.N. Prasad
Birth Centenary commemoration volume) 41(1999) 427-433.(Zbl 1033.16501)
13. K. Syam Prasad, Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A Note on IFP N-groups", Proc. 6
th
Ramanujan
symposium on Algebra and its Applications, Ramanujan Institute for Adv. Study in
mathematics (University of Madras), Feb 24-26, (1999). pp 62-65.
2000
14. Bhavanari Satyanarayana, T.V. Pradeep Kumar and M. Srinivasa Rao "On Prime left
ideals in -rings", Indian Journal of Pure & Appl. Mathematics 31 (2000) 687 - 693. (INSA,
New Delhi).(Zbl 0989.16028)
15. Bhavanari Satyanarayana. & K. Syam Prasad "On Direct & Inverse Systems in N-
groups", Indian J. Maths (BN Prasad Birth Commemoration Volume) 42 (2000) 183 - 192.
(Zbl 1033.16021)
2003
16. BhavanariSatyanaraya & K.Syam Prasad "An Isomorphism theorem on Directed
Hypercubes of Dimensoin n", Indian Journal of Pure & Appl.Maths 34(10)(2003) 1453-1457.
(Zbl. 1044.05509)
2004
17. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad Kuncham, & Venkata Pradeep Kumar
Tumurukota "On IFP N-groups and Fuzzy IFP ideals", Indian Journal of Mathematics,
46 (2004) 11-19. (Zbl. 1079.16035)
18. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L., & Sk. Mohiddin Shaw "On Fuzzy Dimension of a
Module with DCC on Submodules", Acharya Nagarjuna International Journal of Mathematics
and Information Technology, 01 (2004) 13-32.
19. Satyanarayana Bhavanari "Modules over Gamma Near-rings", Acharya Nagarjuna
International Journal of Mathematics and Information Technology, 01- 02 (2004) 109-
120.
2008
20. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L., and Vijaya Kumari A. V., Some Dimension
Conditions in Near-rings with Finite Dimension, Acta Ciencia Indica, 34 (2008) pp
1397-1404 (India). (Zbl. Pre. 05582404)
21. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L and Vijaya Kumari A. V., Finite Dimension in Near-
rings, Journal of AP Society for Mathematical Sciences, 1 (2) (2008) 62-80 (India).
2009
22. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Mohiddin Shaw Sk., Eswaraiah Setty S., Babu Prasad M. A
generalization of Dimension of Vector Space to Modules over Associative Rings,
International Journal of Computational Mathematical Ideas, Vol. 1., No. 2 (2009) 39 46.
(India). (ISSN : 0974 8652)
23. Satyanarayana Bhavanari A Note on Completely Semiprime Ideals in Near-rings,
International Journal of Computational Mathematical Ideas, 1(3)(2009)107-112.
(ISSN: 0974 8652).
2010
24. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Nagaraju Dasari, Godloza Lungisile and S. Sreenadh,
Some Dimension Conditions in Rings with Finite Dimension, The P.M.U. Journal
of Humanities and Sciences,Vol.l, No.1, 2010. PP: 69-75 (ISSN 0976-1853).
25. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Pradeep Kumar T.V., Sreenadh Sridharamalle and
Eswaraiah Setty Sriramula, On Completely prime and Completely Semi-prime
Ideals in -near-rings, International Journal of Computational Mathematical Ideas,
Vol-2, No.1&2, 2010. PP 22-27 (ISSN: 0974 8652).
26. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Mohiddin shaw Sk, Mallikarjun Bhavanari and Venkata
Pradeep Kumar Tumurukota, A Graph Related to the Ring of Integers Modulo n,
Acta Ciencia Indica, Vol.36 M, (2010) PP 699 706.
27. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad Kuncham and Nagaraju Dasari, Prime Graph of
a Ring, Journal of Combinatories, Informations & Systems Sciences, 35 (2010).
2012
28. BHAVANARI SATYANARAYANA, D. SRINIVASULU, KUNCHAM SYAM PRASAD, AND
ESWARAIAH SETTY S SOME RESULTS ON DEGREE OF VERTICES IN SEMITOTAL-
BLOCK GRAPH AND TOTAL-BLOCK GRAPH, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, 50 (9) 2012, PP19-22, ISSN: 0975-8887
International Refereed Journals (outside India):
1982
1. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "Tertiary Decomposition in Noetherian N-groups",
Communations in Algebra, 10(1982) 1951-1963.(Zbl 0493.16026).
1983
2. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A Note on -rings", Proceedings of the Japan Academy 59-A
(1983)382-383.(Zbl 0543.16027).
1985
3. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "On Modules with Finite Spanning Dimension" , Proceedings
of the Japan Academy, 16-A(1985) 23-25.(Zbl 0561.16010).
1987
4. Y.V. Reddy & Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A Note on Modules", Proc. of the Japan
Academy, 63-A (1987) 208-211.(Zbl 0677.16015).
1988
5. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A Note on E-direct and S-inverse systems", Proc. of the Japan
Academy, 64-A (1988) 292-295.(Zbl 0664.16022).
6. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A Note on g-prime ideals in gamma rings", Questions
Mathematicae 12(1988) 415 - 423. (Zbl 0683.16028)
1994
7. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "Modules with Finite Spanning Dimension", J. Austral, Math.
Society. (Series A) 57 (1994) 170-178. (Zbl 0821.16006).
1999
8. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "The f-prime radical in -near-rings", South-East Asian Bulletin
of Mathematics 23 (1999) 507-511.(Zbl 0947.16033)
2005
9. Bhavanari Satyanarayana & K. Syam Prasad "On Fuzzy Cosets of Gamma Nearrings",
Turkish J. Mathematics, 29 (2005) 11-22. (Zbl 1066.16057)
10. K. Syam Prasad & Bhavanari Satyanarayana "Fuzzy Prime Ideal of a Gamma Nearring",
Soochow J. Mathematics, 31 (2005) 121-129. (Zbl. 1080.16051)
11. Bhavanari Satyanarayana. & K. Syam Prasad "Linearly Independent Elements in N-groups
with Finite Goldie Dimension", Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society, 42 (2005), No.3,
pp 433-441. (Zbl 1078.16058)
12. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad Kuncham & Venkata Pradeep Kumar
Tumurukota "On Fuzzy Dimension of N-groups with DCC on Ideals", East Asian Math.
J. 21 (2005), No. 2 pp. 205-216. (Zbl. 1096.16021)
2006
13. Bhavanari Satyanarayana, K. Syam Prasad & D. Nagaraju "A Theorem on Modules with
Finite Goldie Dimension", Soochow J. Mathematics, 32(2) (2006) 311-315. (Zbl. 1113.16028)
2007
14. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad K., Pradeep Kumar T. V., and Srinivas T. Some
Results on Fuzzy Cosets and Homomorphisms of N-groups, East Asian Math. J. 23 (2007),
No. 1, pp. 23-36. (Zbl 1141.16032)
15. Babushri Srinivas K, Satyanarayana Bh & Syam Prasad K. C-Prime Fuzzy Ideals of Near-
rings, Soochow Journal of Mathematics, 33 (4) (2007), pp. 891-901. (Zbl. 1140.16020)
2008
16. Satyanarayana Bh, Nagaraju D, Balamurugan K. S & Godloza L Finite Dimension in
Associative Rings, Kyungpook Mathematical Journal, 48(2008), 37-43. (Zbl. 1158.16004)
17. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L., and Nagaraju D. Ideals and Direct Product of Zero
Square Rings, East Asian Mathematical Journal., 24(2008) 377-387
18. Babushri Srinivas Kedukodi, Syam Prasad Kuncham and Satyanarayana Bhavanari
Equiprime, 3-prime and c-prime fuzzy ideals of nearrings. Soft Computing A Fusion of
Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, (Subject collection: Engineering), (Springer Link
date: September 24. 2008) 13 (2009) 933 - 944. (Zbl. Pre. 05586573)
2009
19. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad K & Ram Prasad J. L Fuzzy Cosets of Prime
Fuzzy Submodules, Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics, 17 (3)(2009) 595-604. (USA).
2010
20. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Syam Prasad K., and Babushri Srinivas K. Graph of a
Nearring with respect to an Ideal, Communications in Algebra, Taylor & Francis, Taylor &
Francis group 38 : 1957 - 1967, 2010 (UK) (ISSN: 0092-7872).
21. Babushri Srinivas K , Syam Prasad K and Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Reference Points
and Roughness, Information Sciences, 180 (2010) PP 3348 3361.
22. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L., and Nagaraju D., Some Results on m-Systems
and g-Systems in Rings , Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics 34, (2010):
461-468. (China). (ISSN: 1476-8186).
23. Bhavanari Satyanarayana, Godloza Lungisile, Munaga Babu Prasad and Kuncham
syam Prasad, Ideals and direct product of zero square nearrings, International
Journal of Algebra, Vol.4 (No.16) (2010) PP 777-789.
2011
24. Bhavanari Satyanarayana, D. Nagaraju, M. Babu Prasad and Sk. Mohiddin Shaw, On
the dimension of the Quotient Ring R/K where K is a complement, International
Journal of Contemporary Advanced Mathematics (IJCM), Vol.1.Issue 2. (2011) PP 16-
22. (Malesia)
25. Nagaraju D., Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Babu Prasad M., and Venkatachalam A
Some Results on Fuzzy Ideals of M gamma Modules, South East Asian Bulletin of
Mathematics, accepted for publication, 2011.
26. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L., and Nagaraju D., Fuzzy Ideals of Zero-square
Rings, Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics, 19 (No.3) (2011). (USA)
27. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Godloza L., and Nagaraju D., Some results on Principal
Ideal graph of a ring, African Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science
Research Vol.4 (6), 2011. PP 235-241.
2013
28. S. KEDUKODI, S. P. KUNCHAM AND SATYANARAYANA BHAVANARI, NEARRING
IDEALS, GRAPHS AND CLIQUES, INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL FORUM, 8 (2)
(2013) 73-83
29. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Vijaya Kumari A. V., Godloza L., and Nagaraju D. Fuzzy
Ideals of Modules over -near-rings, Italian Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics (Italy), accepted for publication
RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS (Published in the Proceedings)
Proceedings of National Conferences (in India)
1. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "On Essential E-irreducible submodules", Proc. 4
th
Ramanujan
symposium on Algebra and its Applications, University of Madras 1-3 Feb 1995, pp 127-129.
2. K. Syam Prasad, Bhavanari Satyanarayana "A Note on IFP N-groups", Proc. 6
th
Ramanujan
symposium on Algebra and its Applications, Ramanujan Institute for Adv. Study in mathematics
(University of Madras), Feb 24-26, (1999). pp 62-65.
3. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, A Note on Semi-Prime Near-rings, Proceedings of the National
Seminar on Present Trends in Mathematics and its Applications, November 11-12(2010).
PP 92-95.
4. T.V Pradeep Kumar, Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Kuncham Syam Prasad and Mohiddin Shaw
Sk, Some Results on Completely Semi-Prime Ideals in Gamma Near-rings, Proceedings of
the National Seminar on Present Trends in Mathematics and its Applications, November 11-
12(2010). PP 101-105.
5. Kuncham Syam Prasad, Satyanarayana Bhavanari and G.V. Subba Rao, Generalized Fuzzy
Ideals of Gamma Near-rings, Proceedings of the National Seminar on Present Trends in
Mathematics and its Applications, November 11-12(2010). PP 111-118.
6. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Mohiddin Shaw Sk, and Venkata Vijaya Kumari Arava, Prime
Graph of an Integral Domain, Proceedings of the National Seminar on Present Trends in
Mathematics and its Applications, November 11-12(2010). PP 124-134.
7. Satyanarayana Bhavanari and Sk. Shakira, Gamma Rings and m-systems, Proceedings of
the National Seminar on Present Trends in Mathematics and its Applications, November 11-
12(2010). PP 141-147.
PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (HELD IN INDIA)
1. Bhavanari Satyanarayana "On Modules with FSD and property (p)", Proc. Ramanujan
Centennial International Conference, Annamalainagar, 15-18, December 1987,
pp137-140. (Zbl 0704.16019)
2. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, D.Nagaraju, Sk. Mohiddin Shaw and Eswaraiah Setty S.
E-Irreducible Ideals and Some Equivalent Conditions, Proceedings of the International
Conference on Challenges and Applications of Mathematics in Science and Technology
(CAMIST) January 11-13, (2010). (Publisher: Macmillan Research Series, 2010)
PP.681-687. (India). (ISBN: 978 0230 32875 4).
3. Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Sk. Mohiddin Shaw, Mallikarjun Bhavanari and T.V.Pradeep
Kumar , On a Graph related to the Ring of Integers Modulo n , Proceedings of the
International Conference on Challenges and Applications of Mathematics in Science and
Technology (CAMIST) January 11-13, (2010). (Publisher: Macmillan Research Series, 2010)
PP.688-697. (India). (ISBN : 978 0230 32875 4).
PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (HELD IN ABROAD)
1. Satyanaryana Bhavanari & Richard Wiegandt "On the f-prime Radical of Near- rings",
in the book Nearrings and Nearfields (Edited by H. Kiechel, A. Kreuzer & M.J.
Thomsen) (Proc. 18
th
International Conference on Nearrings and Nearfields, Universitat
Bundeswar, Hamburg, Germany, July 27-Aug 03, 2003) Springer Verlag, Netherlands,
2005, pp 293-299. (Zbl. 1082.16049)
2. Bhavanari Satyanarayana. & K. Syam Prasad "On Finite Goldie Dimension of M
n
(N)-
group N
n
" in the book Nearrings and Nearfields (Edited by H. Kiechel, A. Kreuzer & M.J.
Thomsen) (Proc. 18
th
International Conference on Nearrings and Nearfields, Universitat
Bundeswar, Hamburg, Germany, July 27-Aug 03, 2003) Springer Verlag, Netherlands,
2005, pp 301-310. (Zbl. 1078.16059)
MEMBERSHIP IN EDITORIAL BOARDS
1. Honorary Editor for the Mathematical Periodical: Ganitha Chandrika (Published by
the Mathematics Association: AIMEd, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh).
2. Honorary Editor for the Mathematical Periodical: Ganitha Vahini (Published by the
Ramanujan Academy, Ramachandrapuram, E.Godavari DT, Andhra Pradesh).
3. Member Secretary and one of the Managing Editors, Research Journal: ANIJMIT
(Acharya Nagarjuna International Journal of Mathematics and Information
Technology), Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh. (Since 2004)
4. Honorary Editor for the Journal IJCMI (International Journal of Computational
Mathematical Ideas), Andhra Pradesh. (Since 2009).
5. Reviewer Member, Scientific Journals International, USA (Since 2009)
6. Associate Editor, Mind Share International Journal of Research and Development,
World Education Network (Since 2011).
7. Editor, Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Science and Education
Publishing, USA (Since 2012).
8. Member, Advisory Board, Journal of Statistics and Mathematics, Bio-info
Publications, (ISSN:0976-8877(print), E-ISSN: 0976-8815), Impact Factor Value
(ICV): 4.47, Marketed by EBSCO Publishing, USA (Sicne 2013).
9. Editorial Board Member, International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics
(IJMS), International Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (IASET)
(since 2013),
Seminars/Conferences/Symposia
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ATTENDED/PRESENTED PAPERS/
DELIVERED INVITED TALKS
1. International Symposium on Algebra and its applications, January 1-7, 1985, Nagarjuna
University, Nagarjuna Nagar. (Presented a paper entitled A Generalization of prime ideals in -
Near-rings).
2. International Conference on Mathematics with special emphasis on Number Theory (Ramanujan
Centennial International Conference), Dec. 15-18, 1987, Annamalai University, Annamalai
Nagar (Presented a paper entitled On Modules with FSD and a property (p). The paper
published in the proceedings).
3. International Conference on General Algebra, August, 21-27, 1988, Krems, Vienna, Austria.
(Delivered a lecture On Modules with Finite Goldie dimension and Finite Spanning dimension).
4. Asian Mathematical Society Conference, August 14-18, 1990, Hong Kong University, Hong
Kong. (Presented a paper entitled Modules with Finite Spanning Dimension).
5. International Conference on the Theory of Radicals and Rings, July 6-11, 1997, University of
Port Elizebeth, Port Elizebeth, South Africa. (Delivered a talk entitled The f-prime radical in
gamma near-rings).
6. International Conference on Near-rings and Near-fields, July 14-18, 1997, University of
Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa. (Presented a talk on IFP N-groups).
7. International Symposium on Mathematics and its Applications Nov. 13-15, 2002, University of
Calcutta, Kolkata (Delivered an invited talk on Finite Spanning dimension in Modules & N-
groups, and chaired a session).
8. 18
th
International Conference on Nearrings and Nearfields, July 27 Aug 03, 2003, Universitat der
Bundeshwer, Hamburg, Germany. (Presented a talk on FGD in N-groups).
9. 19
th
International Conference on Nearrings and Nearfields, July 31 Aug 06, 2005, National
Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. (Presented a talk on Independent elements of N-groups).
10. International Conference on Radicals (ICOR-2006), July 30 - Aug 05, 2006, Kyiv National Taras
Shevchenko University, Ukraine (delivered a talk on The f-prime Radical of Near-rings).
11. Fourteenth Ramanujan Symposium International Conference on Non-Commutative Rings, Group
Rings, Diagram Algebras and Applications, December 18-22, 2006, Ramanujan Institute for
Advanced Study in Mathematics, University of Madras, Chennai (presented a paper on
Dimension of a Vector Space / Modules).
12. International Conference on Algebra and Related Topics (ICART 2008), Chulalongkorn University, Bankok,
Thailand, May 28-30, 2008 (delivered an invited talk on Principal Ideal Graph of a Ring).
13. Indo-French Conference in Mathematics-2008, held at Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Chennai
Mathematical Institute, Chennai, December 15-19, 2008 (attended the Conference).
14. ICM-2010 (INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF MATHEMATICIANS), Hyderabad, August 19-27, 2010
(Presented a short communication on Prime graph of a Ring).
15. International Conference on the Theory of Radicals, Rings and Modules, SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY,
Jan. 20-26, 2012. (Delivered an Invited talk and chaired a session in the Conference).
Enclosure Page 4
NATIONAL CONFERENCES ATTENDED/PRESENTED PAPERS/
DELIVERED INVITED TALKS
1. 46
th
Conference of Indian Mathematical Society, Dec. 25-27, 1980, Bangalore University,
Bangalore. (Presented the paper The Prime Radical in Near-rings).
2. 47
th
Conference of Indian Mathematical Society , Dec. 25-27, 1981, Mehta Research Institute,
Allahabad. (Presented my paper entitled Tertiary Decomposition in Noetherian N-groups).
3. 49
th
Conference of Indian Mathematical Society, Dec. 27-29, 1983, IIT Madras. (Presented the
paper entitled On -Near-rings).
4. National Symposium on Algebra and Applications, 5-9 March, 1984, M.I.T. Madras. (Presented
my paper entitled A Radical for M -Modules).
5. 51
st
Annul Conference of Indian Mathematical Society, Dec. 28-30, 1985, University of Cochin,
Cochin. (Presented a paper entitled N-groups with Finite Goldie Dimension).
6. 52
nd
Annul Conference of Indian Mathematical Society, Dec. 27-29, 1986 University of Rajastan,
Jaipur. (Presented a paper entitled On Modules with FGD).
7. 3
rd
Annul Conference of the Ramanujan Mathematical Society, May 27-29, 1988, Manipal
Institute of Technology, Manipal. (Presented a paper entitled The Injective Hull of a Module
with FGD).
8. 54
th
Annul Conference of Indian Mathematical Society, Dec. 27-30, 1988, University of Poona,
Pune. (Presented a paper entitled A Note on the g-prime radical in gamma rings).
9. Diamond Jubilee (60
th
) Conference of Indian Mathematical Society, University of Poona, Pune,
27-30 Dec. 1994. (Presented a paper entitled A Note on weakly prime left ideals in Near-rings
and Matrix Near-rings).
10. 4
th
Ramanujan Symposium (1994-95) on Algebra and its Applications, 1-3 Feb., 1995 at
Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Madras. (Presented a paper On
Modules Finite Dimension Conditions).
11. 10
th
Annul Conference of Ramanjuan Mathematical Society, 25-27 May, 1995, Govt. P.G.
College, Rishikesh. (U.P.). (Presented the paper entitled On Essential E-irreducible
submodules of a ring with FGD).
12. 62
nd
Annul Conference of Indian Mathematical Society, 22-25 Dec. 1996, IIT Kanpur.
(Presented a paper entitled Prime Radical in -Near-rings).
13. 13
th
Annul Conference of Ramanujan Mathematical Society, June 4-6, 1998, Manonmaniam
Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, (Tamil Nadu). (Presented a paper entitled A
Characterization of f-prime radical in -Near-rings).
14. 6
th
Ramajunan Symposium on Algebra and its Applications, Feb.24-26, 1999; The Ramanujan
Institute for Advanced Studies in Mathematics, University of Madras, Madras (Presented a paper
entitled On Minimal f-prime and f-semi prime ideals in -rings).
15. Pure Mathematics Seminar 2001, Calcutta University, Feb. 20-21,2001. (Delivered a Lecture on
Finite Goldie Dimension in Modules on 20.02.2001, and chaired a session on 21.02.2001 at
this conference)
16. Seminar on Engineering Mathematics, Sambhram Institute of Technology, Bangalore, November
5-6, 2004. (Delivered an invited talk on Fuzzy Sets & Applications)
17. Two-days National Seminar on Role of Mathematics in Modern Computing World,
Dec.21-22, 2004, Sri Venkateswara College, Suryapet, Andhra Pradesh. (Delivered
a lecture on Role of Mathematics in the Modern World).
18. National Seminar on Fluid Mechanics Its Applications to Science & Technology, Feb 09-10,
2005, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Attended as a participant).
Enclosure Page 5
2006
19. National Conference on Mathematics and its Applications December 21-22, 2006, Sri
Venkateswara University, Tirupati. (Delivered an invited talk on Dimension properties of
Modules over Rings).
20. National Seminar on Algebra and its Applications, December 27-28, 2006, Sri Padmavathi
Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati (Delivered an invited talk on Finite Goldie Dimension and
Finite Spanning Dimension in Modules and N-groups).
21. National Seminar on Recent Trends in Algebra and Applications, December 29-31, 2006,
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam (Delivered an invited talk on Generalization of the
Concept Dimension of Vector Spaces to Modules).
2007
22. Participated and Chaired a Session in the XVI Congress of the Andhra Pradesh Society for
Mathematical Sciences, 08
th
10
th
December, 2007, National Geophysical Research Institute,
Hyderabad.
2008
23. Attend and delivered an invited talk at the 95
th
Indian Science Congress, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, January 3-7, 2008 (Title: Fuzzy Ideals of Zero Square Rings).
24. National Seminar on Mathematical Methods for Research, February 8-9, 2008, A.V.C College
(Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu (Delivered an invited talk on
Fuzzy Ideals in -near-rings).
2010
25. National Seminar on Present Trends in Mathematics and its Applications (Sponsered by UGC),
November 11
th
and 12
th
, 2010 SGS College, Jaggaiahpet, Krishna Dt, A.P, (Delivered a talk on
Dimension in Vector Space).
2011
26 National Seminar on Present Trends in Algebra and its Applications, July 11
th
and 12
th
, 2011
JMJ College, Tenali, Guntur Dt, A.P, (Delivered a talk on Gamma Near-rings).
27. National Seminar on Mathematics/Algebra, 25 Oct. 2011 (200
th
Birth Day of Galois), KBN
College, Vijayawada, Andhra Predesh, (Delivered the Key Note Address: Dimension of Vector
Spaces and Modules).
28 National Seminar, Erode, December 19, 2011 (Delivered the Inaugural Talk entitled).
2012
29. National Conference on Mathematical Sciences (NCMS-2012) (Delivered an Invited talk on
Gamma Near-rings), School of Mathematical Sciences, North Maharastra University, Jalagon,
India, 05 March 2012.
30. National Conference on Mathematical and Computational Sciences, July 5-6, 2012, (Delivered an
invited talk on GAMMA NEAR-RINGS, and also Chaired a Session of the National Conference),
Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.
31. National Conference "Geometry, Algebra, Logic and Number
Theory, Applications" (Delivered a Lecture on Gamma Near-rings)
Department of Studies and Research in Mathematics, Tumkur
University, Karnataka, India, 6th December, 2012.
32. XXI Congress of APSMS (AP Society for Mathematical Sciences),
(Delivered Prof. A. Radha Krishna Endowment Lecture in Algebra entitled
THE PRIME GRAPH OF AN INTEGRAL DOMIAN), S.V. University,
Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, during 07-09 Dec 2012
33. National Work Shop on Mathematics Flavour in Vedas and Shastras (On the Occasion of 125
th
Birth
Anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujam) (Delivered an Invited Talk SOME MATHEMATICAL
CONCEPTS IN ANCINT SANSKRIT WORKS), Sri Venkateswara Vedic Universtiy, Tirupati, Andhra
Pradesh, India, during December 21-22, 2012
34. International Conference on Mathematical Sciences, (Delivered an invited talk on
Gamma Near-rings), S. S. E. S. Amts Science College Nagpur, India, during
December 28-31, 2012
2013
35. National Work Shop on Computer Applications based on Algebra, (Delivered an Invited
Talk on The Prime Graph of an Integral Domain), Conducted by the Department of
Mathematics and the Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Manipal Universtiy,
Karnataka, India, during January 03 05, 2013
36. National Seminar on Evariste Galois and Srinivasa Ramanujan (Sponsored by UGC)
(Delivered an Invited Talk entitled: Prime Graph of an Integral domain), P.V.K.N. Govt.
College, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India, held during March 14-15, 2013.
37. National Seminar on Recent Developments in Mathematical Sciences (Sponsored by UGC
under SAP) , Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, June 28, 2013.
(Delivered an Invited Talk on FUZZY IDEALS OF GAMMA NEAR-RINGS).
Local/Regional Seminars/Conferences
1. Delivered A. Apparao Memorial Lecture on Mathematics & its Applications at Satavahana
Mahila Kalasala, Vijayawada on 1
st
November, 2003 conducted by APAMT (Hyderabad) &
AIMEd., (Vijayawada). Chief Guest: Prof. P. V. Arunachalam (Former
Vice-Chancellor, Dravidian University, AP).
2. MEDHA 2005 A Mathematics Seminar, Jan 20, 2005, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada
(Delivered two lectures on Fundamentals of Linear Programming and Graph Theory).
3. One day Seminar on Mathematics, July 23, 2005, E.V.R.M. Degree & P.G. College, Kodad
(Delivered two lectures on Modern Mathematics & Applications and Creating Interest to
Learn Mathematics).
4. Delivered a lecture on Generalization of dimension of Vector spaces to Modules to a gathering
of Research scholars and students of Mathematics, Sri Padmavathi Mahila University, Tirupathi
on 15-07-2006.
5. Delivered a lecture on Development of Mathematics to the students of B. Sc., / B. A
(Mathematics), P. B. Siddhartha College of Arts & Sciences, Vijayawada on 22
nd
August, 2006.
6. Delivered a lecture on Maths Applications at S.K.R.B.R. College, Narasaraopet on 27
th
October, 2006.
7. Delivered extension lectures on Graph Theory, Near-rings & Fuzzy Sets at the Department of
Mathematics, Kakatiya University, Warangal on 13
th
& 14
th
February, 2007.
8. Delivered a Guest Lecture on Graph Theory to M. Sc., Applied Mathematics students of
Kakatiya Institute of Technology, Warangal on 14
th
February, 2007.
9. Delivered the Inaugural Lecture on Mathematics- Its Significance in the One Day Seminar on
Mathematics Its Significance (including Ganitha Astavadhanam), at Smt. Gentela
Sakuntalamma College, Jaggayyapet on 22
nd
November, 2007.
10. Delivered a Inaugural Lecture in the One Day Seminar on Mathematics (including Ganitha
Astavadhanam), at Kakani Venkata Ratnam College, Nandigama on 23
rd
November, 2007.
2013.02.04 and 05
11. Delivered a Lecture on Applications of Mathematics and Graph Theory in the
Work Shop Mathematical Applications of Engineering Disciplines (conducted by
the ADITYA Institute of Technology and Management), Tekkali-532201, Srikakulam
District, Andhra Pradesh, India during February 04-05, 2013.
2013.02.24
12. Delivered a Lecture on Importance of Mathematics in the One Day Seminar
and Expo on Ancient Indian Mathematics (conducted by the Association for
Improvement of Maths Education), Sisu Vidya Mandir High School, Vijayawada-11,
Andhra Pradesh, India, on 2013.02.24..
Seminars/conferences organized
1. Prof. Bhavanari Satyanarayana is the Director of the National Seminar on
Algebra & its Applications (NSAA- 2006) organized by the Department of
Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Andhra Pradesh,
India, Jan 05-06, 2006.
2. Prof. Bhavanari Satyanarayana is the Academic Secretary of the National
Seminar on Presents Trends in Mathematics and its Applications organized by the
Department of Mathematics, (sponsored by UGC) held at SGS College, Jaggaiahpet,
Andhra Pradesh, India, (in Collaboration with the Department of Mathematics,
Acharya Nagarjuna University), November 11
th
and 12
th
, 2010.
Seminar on Presents Trends in Mathematics and its Applications (sponsored by
UGC) held in JMJ College, Tenali, Andhra Pradesh (in Collaboration with
Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University), July 11
th
and 12
th
,
2011.
Seminar on National Seminar on Algebra, 25 Oct. 2011 (200
th
Birth Day of
Galois) held in KBN College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh (in Collaboration with
Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University), October 25, 2011.
5. Also conducted four one-day national seminars in Vijayawada as the President of
Association for Improvement of Maths Education during 2005-2009 (One seminar each
year).
NATIONAL BUILDING ACTIVITIES
Written a series entitled MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS/PUZZLES FOR ALL, TO
THINK (about 50 Saturdays) (named as PRAGNYA series) for the news paper
VISALANDRA (a state level news paper).
Elected President (2005-2007) of the Association for Improvement of Maths
Education, Vijayawada.
Elected President (2007-2009) of the Association for Improvement of Maths
Education, Vijayawada.
Organized Regional Seminars and Talent Tests (for High School Students)
every year as the President of AIMEd., (for four years).
Elected Executive Member (2007-2008), Andhra Pradesh Society for
Mathematical Sciences, Hyderabad.
Member of the Text book development Committee, SCERT (State Council for Education,
Research and Training), Hyderabad, 2009.
Selected Hon. President (2011 to date) of the Association for Improvement of
Elected Office Secretary (Dec. 2012-2014, for a period of two years), Andhra
Pradesh Society for Mathematical Sciences, Hyderabad
Member of the Vidyalaya Management Committee, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Nallapadu, Guntur
Dyputy Director General, IBC, England, 2011.
Member of the Board of Studies (UG) in Mathematics, Andhra Layola College, Vijayawada.
Member of the Board of Studies (UG) in Mathematics, KBN College, Vijayawada, March
2010 2012 (two years).
Member of the Board of Studies (UG) in Mathematics, Machilipatnam, Krishna District,
2012 2014 (two years).
Member of Board of Studies in Mathematics (both PG and UG) Kakatiya University,
Warangal, 2008-2010..
Member of Board of Studies in Mathematics (PG), Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi,
2010 - 2013 (three years).
40 books authored/edited, which provides/improves the knowledge of the readers and hence
helps towards the education development of the society/world.
Administrative Experience/Assignments:
(i) Teacher Associate for N.U.P.G. Computerized Results-March 1999
(ii) Convener (Guntur District) for the State Level Talent Test in Mathematics for
High School Students (in A.P) conducted (on 29-10-2000) by AIMEd,
(iii) Special Officer (i/c), N.U. P.G. Centre at Ongole, in November 2000
(iv) Co-coordinator, Refresher Course in Mathematics, N.U., Dec 1-21,2001
(v) Member Secretary of the Research Journal Acharya Nagarjuna International
Journal of Mathematics and Information Technology (Publisher: The
Registrar, Acharya Nagarjuna University).
(vi) Principle Investigator of three Major Research Projects (Sponsored by UGC,
New Delhi) (1994-1997) (2004-2007) (2009-2012).
(vii) Head of the Department, Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna
University (April 2005 April 2007).
(viii) Chairman, Board of Studies (PG) in Mathematics, ANU (Feb 08 August 2011)
(ix) Director of the National Seminar on Algebra & its Applications (NSAA- 2006)
organized by the Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Nagarjuna Nagar, Andhra Pradesh, India, Jan 05-06, 2006.
(x) Selected member of Vidyalaya Management Committee (October 2005 -
October 2008).
(xi) Academic Secretary of the National Seminar on Presents Trends in
Mathematics and its Applications organized by the Department of Mathematics,
(sponsored by UGC) SGS College, Jaggaiahpet, Andhra Pradesh, India,
November 11
th
and 12
th
, 2010.
(xii) Academic Secretary of the National Seminar on Presents Trends in
Mathematics and its Applications organized by the Department of
Mathematics, (sponsored by UGC) JMJ College, Tenali, Andhra Pradesh,
India, July 11
th
and 12
th
, 2011.
OTHER ACADEMIC INFORMATION
ii) Completed P.G. Certificate course in Statistics (Part time course) of Nagarjuna
University with First class and First rank. During 1984-85.
iii) Undergone the Intensive Course on Programming & Application of Electronic
Computers, 21
st
session, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta during 13.01.1986 to
21.03.1986.
iv) Completed a Certificate course in Computer Programming (One year
Correspondence Course) of Annamalai University during 1986-87.
v) Attended the Instructional Conference on Commutative Algebra and its Applications to
Combinatorics, University of Bombay, 19
th
Dec 1988 to 6
th
January 1989.

Bio-Data of Editors
Prof. Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana have 28 yrs Teaching
experience in Acharya Nagarjuna Univ. Authored 36 books
(including a book by Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, and Five
books by VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany). Published 66
Research papers (Algebra/Fuzzy Algebra/Graph Theory) in
International Journals. He is a Member of several Editorial
Boards, Mathematical Journals. He is an AP SCIENTIST2009
Awardee, a Fellow AP Akademi of Sciences 2010. He received
Shiksha Rattan Puraskar Award (IIFS, New Delhi, 2011), Glory
of India Award and International Achievers Award (Indo-Thai
Friendship Banquet, Thailand, 2011). Top 100 Professionals -
2011 (International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England).
Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award (Aug 2011); Deputy Director
General (IBC, England, 2011). Collaborative Distance with Ein-
stein is 5. Got Paul Erdos No. 3, Scientist UGC-HAS (Hungarian
Academy of Sciences), 2003. Sr Scientist INSAHAS 2005.
Principal Investigator of 3 MAJOR Research Projects (UGC).
He Introduced an algebraic system Gamma near-ring.
Awarded Five Ph.D., and 10 M.Phil., Degrees under his
supervision. Visiting Professor, Walter Sisulu University, South
Africa (2011). Visited Austria (1988), Hongkong (1990), South Africa
(1997), Germany (2003) Hungary (2003), Taiwan (2005), Singapore
(2005), Hungary (2005), Ukraine (2006), South Africa (2007), and
Thailand (2008, 2011) on official works (to deliver lectures/
Collaborative research work).
Mr V.V.N Suresh Kumar has 8 years of teaching experience in KBN
College, Vijayawada. He completed his M.Sc (Mathematics) from
Osmania University, Hyderabad. Presently Heading the Department
of Mathematics, KBN College, Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh). He is
the Organising Secretary of the One-Day National Seminar on Alge-
bra (200th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Evariste GALOIS), KBN
College, Vijayawada, 25, October, 2011.
Mr. Sk. Mohiddin Shaw completed his M. Phil., (Module Theory)
under the guidance of Dr Bhavanari Satyanarayana (AP SCIEN-
TIST Awardee). He visited Institute of Mathematical Sciences
(Chennai), IIT (Chennai), ISI (Calcutta), IIT (Guwahati) and
Burdwan University (West Bengal) for his research purpose. He
attended Nine Conferences/Seminars/ Workshops. He worked as
a faculty in the ANU P.G Centre at Ongole for 5 years. He
published Eight research papers in National and International
Journals. He is the co-author of the book Fuzzy Dimension of
Modules over rings published by VDM Verlag Dr Muller,
Germany, 2010. Authored/Edited four Books. Submitted thesis for Ph.D.,
(Title: Contributions to Ring TheoryII) under the guidance of
Prof. Bhavanari Satanarayana
Thailand, March 26, 2011

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= {x e R / (x) = (0)} is a zero square ideal of R;

(x + ) = (x) for all x e R, then u

is a zero square fuzzy ideal of R/.

. If the fuzzy coset y + is a fuzzy ideal of R, then

= max {min(0.3,0.2), min(0.4,0.4)} =0.4;

= max{min (0.7,0.6), min(0.6,0.6)}=0.6;

. Let F be any fuzzy subset of Z,

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