Ayumu Oda Prof.

Kuryloski AWD3301 05/12/2013 Electric Engineers in Discourse Community Nothing can be created without the most fundamental value of a certain product {Very confusing}. In other words, for electrical engineering, no technical device can be produced without the circuit designs that allow all the devices to receive energy and turn that device on. Although there are other essential steps that are necessary to build any technical devices, we as a group of people in the field of electrical engineering believe that without a strong base, no true progress is possible. Compared to other types of engineering, electrical engineering is broad but integrated. Electrical engineers pursue the same interests and common goals while sharing and communicating feedback and information regarding these interests. This essay will illustrate three separate documents written by different authors and yet their related subject matter, purpose, tone and writing style will unify them in the same discourse community. In order to communicate about their initial goal how to improve efficiency of the devices more effectively, the authors utilize rhetorical strategies that can strengthen their arguments such as informative tone, a range of sophisticated to technical diction, and a variety of graphs and charts. Before discussing about the three documents, I will briefly explain my own approach to the discourse community of electrical engineering. While I was working at the Philips Color Kinetics Corporation for my co-op, I found a number of engineers who value the same ideas as me. For instance, although there was a wide variety of engineers in the company, each subcommunity had the same main goal {not sure if this is exactly what you meant, but if it is this is a lot more clear}: to minimize the loss and to increase the efficiency. By increasing efficiency,

engineers are able to create the products that are less wasteful of energy use and last longer. From my experience at the Philips, I believe that the idea of efficiency gives the engineers in the community a common problem through which they are all connected. The members of the electrical engineering discourse community have to be able to communicate properly through their community because of their overarching goals, intense terminology, and many modes of communication ensure efficient and clear networking. The first article originated from a collection of research papers titled Optical and Quantum Electronics: Band gap engineering approaches to increase InGan/GaN LED efficiency by M. Auf der Maur, K. Lorenz, and A. Di Carlo. The article describes in detail how to increase the efficiency of the light-emitting diodes (LED) by using band gap engineering approaches. According to this document, in The European Union, electric lighting uses 20% of the electric power, and increasing the efficiency for lighting system is important for saving energy and also for reducing the cost of the electricity bill for customers [1]. Both the article and the book itself represent the collaboration of experts from different countries and backgrounds in the same electrical engineering discourse community. The main authors M. Auf and A. Di Carlo are from the department of electrical engineering from University of Rome in Italy, and K. Lorenz is from Instituto Technologico e Nuclear from Portugal. The document follows the format of a lab report that the authors write in the 3rd person voice and is divided into the following sections abstract, introduction, simulation/ results, conclusion, and references {not good to put a list into the topi sentance...}. The writing is very organized, and the overall tone is not opinionated but informative. For example, authors write The simulation results also indicate beneficial influence of grading on peak wavelength stability versus current density (without considering thermal effects, though), as shown in Fig.5

[1]. The document does not include authors opinions or thoughts as we can see from the quote above, but it gives information with evidence and results based on his experiments. In this document, everything is written in a formal language that in other words, the authors do not use any colloquial language but professional by using technical terminologies to discuss the procedures and results they gained after a myriad of strictly operated labs {too wordy, remove half of this sentance}. For example, [removed] the title of the article is very specific and straightforward. It clearly depicts the three authors interest and goal, which is to increase the efficiency of LED, just like how other sub-groups of the electrical engineering community try to increase the efficiency that creates lasting and less wasteful products. The report starts with the abstract to talk briefly about the summary of the authors argument and introduces methods of how to increase efficiency in introduction. In the middle of the paper, they talk about how to simulate the results that authors got from tiberCAD software [1]. The author(s?) used tiberCAD software to analyze complex data and to show the audience the graph of results so that audience can understand entire concepts without creating any confusion. Most of the statements made during simulation are supported with images of different types of graphs such as bar graph, linear graph, dot graph, etc. The authors successfully convey and summarize the information they gathered in the concluding section. Electrical engineers need more direct and professionalized ways of communication. Sometimes, the [delete] common ways of communication such as oral conversation, texts, or emails are not enough to explain and analyze complex ideas; therefore, people in this particular discourse community can successfully share and communicate their information and facts based on experiments via formally written language such as lab reports, research paper, or journals. However, considering the terminologies and equations they used, this document is not only for

the experts of electrical engineering, but also for the novices of the same field. Swales John, a genre analysis, wrote the essay called Approaching the Concept of Discourse Community for the Educational Resources Information Center. According to his essay, survival of the community depends on a reasonable ratio between experts and novices [4]. Since the discourse community should include both expertise and beginners of a certain field to maintain a healthy community, the audience of the document can certainly be any member of the electronic engineering discourse community. The document will be used as a reference for other electrical engineers who work on LED products or study LEDs. Often engineers do not comment on reports or give feedback directly, but instead, they use these as their reference source to improve or find the better way to increase LED efficiency and publish new documents related to the original report. The first document references all characteristics of discourse community as Swales John explains. As mentioned before, using a specific method like visualization of the data and its analysis about increasing the efficiency and saving energy, the authors well-established the commonality of public interests for electrical engineering, The second article Intelligent Household LED Lighting System Considering Energy Efficiency and User Satisfaction by a group of Ph.D. candidates from Korean University analyzes how LED lighting system can save energy. At the same time, the document also analyzes how existing control systems for LED light can waste the energy. The existing lighting system control can only support on and off or dimming control. The author mentions [delete] how total energy consumption can be reduced through light control based on users living pattern. For instance, the author proposes that the system utilizes multi sensors and wireless communication technology to control an LED light according to the users satisfaction to

maximize the utilization of LED and to save energy by reducing the energy waste from lighting control system. The paper is written in the form of a research paper introducing works related to existing intelligent lighting control system and problems of the existing system. Then the authors solve those problems and explain their test results to prove their approach to solve the problem. Certainly, the way it is written is similar to the first document where they use several diagrams and graphs to express their ideas with visualization in clear and concise fashion. The difference between the two is that the second one uses less technical terminology and mathematical equations than the first. Since the language these authors use is common and simple for not only electrical engineers but also engineers in general, this document can be a useful tool for those who pursue interests in learning the efficiency of LED lighting system. They do not use complicated equations or expressions that many professional electrical engineers use to explain. For example, they use Lmin = (Lmincon + Lminn-1) /2, Lminincome =Lminn-1, n=n+1, and timer = T [2]. Although this equation might look complex, any engineer will have encountered this equation so it will not be a problem for them to understand. Therefore, even though this journal is from IEEE written by electrical engineers, the audience does not have to be experts in the electrical engineering field. This journal includes all the characteristics of the? discourse community that Swales John points out, which is commonality of public interests, participatory mechanisms, information exchange, discourse expectation, specialized language and critical mass of expertise [4]. The journal generates interest from engineers, uses graphs, diagrams, and simulation results from software to depict a clear idea, and uses common terminology to simplify the complex expression.

The last article High-Efciency Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converter Without Electrolytic Capacitor for Low-Output-Voltage ACDC LED Drivers by Manuel Arias, Marcos Fernandez Diaz, Diego G. Lamar, Didier Balocco, Almadidi Aguissa Diallo and Javier Sebastiann who are general and senior members of IEEE demonstrates the reason LED needs power supply. In other words, it explains that in order have the high reliability and luminous efficacy, high brightness LED requires the power supplies that have high reliability and efficiency. The LED light cannot light delete itself; it needs power supplies that can operate LED to turn on. The document focuses mostly on what engineers use in power supply Asymmetrical Half-Bridge (AHB), how AHB works and how efficient it is to drive LEDs based on experiments they conducted. This collaboration of six authors in the same discourse community is rhetorically significant regarding their use of language including diction and the following audience because five of them have Ph.D. in electrical engineering field and the sixth one is the head of department of electrical engineering. Indeed, their professionalism and expertise in this particular field proves their complicated use of terminologies, of more sophisticated language than other documents, and of their expectation for educated audience. This document is comprised of a varied terminology and complicated equations, schematics, and diagrams that electrical engineers use such as maximum ripple rejection is equal to zero and this happens when it satisfies as the equation of This article is more advanced than the other two articles that it is written for professional electrical engineers. Although it might be possible for novices in this field to understand this concept, it will take a long time to do so {confusing and contradictory}. Moreover, this document also is written in a research paper format so that every argument appeals to logos and is supported in details using a scope of professional resources.

And, it uses a software simulation to figure out complex designs accurately and clearly to express their results to the audience, electrical engineering discourse community. The authors of this article understand that electrical engineers tend to understand more easily and efficiently through various simulations rather than stating simple explanations without any proof. Certainly, it can be not only a great reference to know how AHB works, but also information to understand why it has better efficiency than other drivers for the other electrical engineers. The electrical engineering discourse community is a network of electrical engineers who are continuously communicating to improve their own fields. Just like the three different documents from different authors, even though electrical engineers from different jobs can work on different projects, their final goal is the same to create efficient and long lasting product while saving more energy, and this motivation ties the electrical engineering community together. Also, although these documents are all related to LED, their backgrounds, writing styles, uses of language, targeted audience, and complexity of the documents vary. In conclusion, most documents for electrical engineering are written in either lab report or research paper formant to keep the technical information more comprehensive and straightforward. In order to ensure proper communication with the community, electrical engineers tend to use more specific terminologies and equations that are related to their field to reduce complexity of ideas. When the ideas become too abstract to be represented with words, they often use software simulation tools to communicate with other engineers.

References: [1] M.Auf der Maur, K. Lorenz, Band gap engineering approaches to increase InGan/GaN LED efficiency, Optical and Quantum Electronics, January 2012. [2] Insung Hong, Byongjoo Lee, Jinsung Byun, Seyun Park, Intelligent Household LED Lighting System Considering Energy Efficiency and User Satisfaction, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 1, February 2013. [3] Manuel Arias, Marcos Fenandez Diaz, Diego G. Lamar, Didier Balocco, Almadidi Aguissa Diallo, Javier Sebastian, High-Efciency Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converter Without Electrolytic Capacitor for Low-Output-Voltage ACDC LED Drivers, IEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.28, No. 5, May 2013. [4] Swales John, Approaching the Concept of Discourse Community , Proceedings of the thirty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, 1987 Mar. 19-21, Atlanta, Georgia. 1987.