2012 AERO BOARD EXAM REVIEW

Mathematics

Geometry Formula Sheet

Geometric Formulas
b1 h h b b2 h B h l

A=

1 2

bh

A=1 2 h(b1 + b2 )

V = Bh L.A. = hp S.A.= L.A. + 2B

r h

V=1 3 Bh L.A.= 1 2 lp S.A.= L.A. + B

r

w l

A = lw p = 2(l + w)
b h

A = r2 C = 2r

V = r2h L.A.= 2rh S.A.= 2r(h + r)

h h r 2 V= 1 3 r h L.A.= rl S.A.= r(l + r) l

V=4 r3 3 S.A.= 4r2

c b

A = bh

c2

a2

+ b2

V = lwh S.A.= 2lw + 2lh + 2wh Geometric Symbols

Example A m A AB AB AB ABC ABCD ABCD Meaning angle A measure of angle A line segment AB measure of line segment AB line AB triangle ABC rectangle ABCD parallelogram ABCD AB CD AB CD A A Example AB

Abbreviations
Meaning vector AB right angle Line AB is parallel to line CD. Line AB is perpendicular to line CD. Volume Lateral Area Total Surface Area Area of Base V L.A. S.A. B

The laws of Nature are but the mathematical thoughts of God. (Euclid) The essence of mathematics is not to make simple things complicated, but to 3.14
22 7 Pi

B Angle A is congruent to angle B. B Triangle A is similar to triangle B. Similarly marked segments are congruent. Similarly marked angles are congruent.

make complicated things simple. -S. Gudder

Do not worry about your problems with mathematics, I assure you mine are far greater. -Albert Einstein Math is like love -- a simple idea but it can get complicated.

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2003 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James Monroe Building, 101 N. 14th Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used

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Conic Section Formulas

Parabola: y = a(x-h)2 + k If a > 0, opens up If a < 0, opens down Vertex: (h, k) Focus: (h, k+p) Directrix: y = k-p Axis of Symmetry: x = h a= x = a(y-k)2 + h If a > 0, opens right If a < 0, opens left Vertex: (h, k) Focus: (h+p, k) Directrix: x = h-p Axis of Symmetry: y = k

p= 1 1 4p 4a _______________________________________________________________________ Ellipse: x2 + y2 = 1 x2 + y2 = 1 2 2 a b b2 a2 Center: (0, ) 0 Foci: (c, 0), (-c, 0) Vertices: (a, 0), (-a, 0) y Intercepts: (0, b), (0, -b) Major xis: xA xis a Minor Axis: y axis Length of Major Axis: 2a Length of Minor Axis: 2b Center: (0, ) 0 Foci: (0, c), (0, -c) Vertices: (0, a), (0, -a) x Intercepts: (b, 0), (-b, 0) Major xis: yA xis a Minor Axis: x axis Length of Major Axis: 2a Length of Minor Axis: 2b

c2 = a2 b2, a > b > 0 _______________________________________________________________________ Hyperbola: Transverse Axis: Horizontal

2 2

x2 = 1 - y a b2

Center: (0, 0) Foci: (c, 0), (-c, 0) Vertices: (a, 0), (-a, 0) Asymptotes: y = + b X a Center: (0, 0) Foci: (0, c), (0, -c) Vertices: (0, a), (0, -a) Asymptotes: y = + a X b

Transverse Axis: Vertical y2 - x 2 = 1 a2 b2

c2 = a2 + b2 _______________________________________________________________________ Circle: (x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2 Center: (h, k) Radius: r

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