Universidad Politcnica de Aguascalientes

Control Digital
Ing. Carlos Eduardo Huerta Hernndez
MTR08B
Cristobal Genevier Alonso Robledo UP100266
Transformada Z inversa

Introduccin

En esta prctica se pondr en prctica la transformada z inversa la cual mediante

las ecuaciones de la transformada realizaremos diferentes tipos de seales de
entrada y de salida.

Marco terico
En las matemticas y procesamiento de seales, la Transformada Z convierte una
seal real o compleja definida en el dominio del tiempo discreto en una
representacin en el dominio de la frecuencia compleja.
El nombre de Transformada Z procede de la variable del dominio, al igual que se
podra llamar "Transformada S" a la Transformada de Laplace. Un nombre ms
adecuado para la T (z) podra haber sido "Transformada de Laurent", ya que est
basada en la serie de Laurent. La T (z) es a las seales de tiempo discreto lo mismo
que Laplace a las seales de tiempo continuo.
Tambin sirve para describir y analizar el comportamiento de sistemas discretos
lineales e invariantes con el tiempo o desplazamiento. Estas tcnicas se llevan a
cabo en el dominio del tiempo ya que las seales se representan como funciones
del tiempo. Sin embargo, aunque dichos procedimientos son simples pueden
resultar en ocasiones muy laboriosos. En este captulo, se introduce una
herramienta matemtica que simplifica el anlisis y sntesis de los sistemas
discretos lineales e invariantes con el tiempo, la transformada z.

Ilustracin 1

Transformada z inversa
Cuando < 0, || = | | < 1 el semiplano izquierdo del plano se mapea en el
interior del crculo unitario del plano z, o dicho de otra manera, hay una
correspondencia entre la regin de estabilidad de los sistemas continuos y la regin
de estabilidad de los sistemas discretos.
La secuencia [] se dice que esla transformada z inversa de F(z) y puede ser
unvocamente determinada por:

Ilustracin 2

Desarrollo
*Primero se obtiene la ecuacin de la transformada z.

Seales de entrada.
(1) Impulso unitario.

[ ] [ ] =
=0

(roc,|z| > 0)
Simulacin en Matlab.

Ilustracin 3

(2) Escaln unitario discreto

[] [] 1 = =
=0

=0

(roc,|z| > 1)

Simulacin en Matlab.

Ilustracin 4

=
1 1
1

(3) Secuencia rampa

[] = []

[
]=
( 1)2
( 1)

(roc,|z| > 1)
Simulacin en Matlab.

Ilustracin 5

Seal unitaria.

Ilustracin 6

*Se calcularan en diferentes sistemas de z:

(1)
() =

1
+1

(2)
1
6
() =
5
1
2 6 + 6

(3)
() =

2
1
2 + 2

Cdigo en Matlab:
clc
clear all
close all
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%____x(z)=1/z+1_______%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Pulso unitario %%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [0 1];
den = [1 1];
x = [1 zeros(1,40)];
k = 0:40;
y = filter(num,den,x)
figure(1),subplot(4,1,1);plot(k,y,'ro',k,y,'-');
grid
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%% Escalon unitario %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [0 1];
den = [1 1];
x1 = [1 ones(1,40)];
k = 0:40;
ya = filter(num,den,x1)
figure(1),subplot(4,1,2);plot(k,ya,'ro',k,ya,'-');
grid
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%% Rampa %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [0 1];
den = [1 1];
m = 10/25;
m1 = -10/25
x2 = [(0:m:10) (10:m1:0)];
k = 0:41;
ya1 = filter(num,den,x2)
figure(1),subplot(4,1,3);plot(x2,ya1,'ro',x2,ya1,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Seal unitaria %%%%%%%%%%%%%%

num = [0 1];
den = [1 1];
m = 25/10;
m1 = -25/15;
m2 = 30/30
m3 = -30/35
x3 = [(0:m:25) (25:m1:15) (15:m2:30) (30:m3:25)];
k = 0:41;
ya2 = filter(num,den,x3)
figure(1),subplot(4,1,4);plot(x3,ya2,'ro',x3,ya2,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%% x(z) = ((1/6z^-1)/(1 + 5/6 z^-1 + 1/6 z^-2) ) * (z^2/z^2)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Pulso unitario %%%%%%%%%%%%

num = [0 1/6 0];
den = [1 5/6 1/6];
x = [1 zeros(1,40)];
k = 0:40;
y = filter(num,den,x)
figure(2),subplot(4,1,1);plot(k,y,'ro',k,y,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%% Escalon unitario %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [0 1/6 0];
den = [1 5/6 1/6];
x1 = [1 ones(1,40)];
k = 0:40;
ya = filter(num,den,x1)
figure(2),subplot(4,1,2);plot(k,ya,'ro',k,ya,'-');
grid
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%% Rampa %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [0 1/6 0];
den = [1 5/6 1/6];
m = 10/25;
m1 = -10/25
x2 = [(0:m:10) (10:m1:0)];
k = 0:41;
ya1 = filter(num,den,x2)
figure(2),subplot(4,1,3);plot(x2,ya1,'ro',x2,ya1,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Seal unitaria %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [0 1/6 0];
den = [1 5/6 1/6];
m = 25/10;

m1 = -25/15;
m2 = 30/30
m3 = -30/35
x3 = [(0:m:25) (25:m1:15) (15:m2:30) (30:m3:25)];
k = 0:41;
ya2 = filter(num,den,x3)
figure(2),subplot(4,1,4);plot(x3,ya2,'ro',x3,ya2,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%% x(z) = ((1+ z^-1) / (1-z^-1 + 1/2z^-2)) * (z^2/z^2) %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Pulso unitario %%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [1 1 0];
den = [1 -1 1/2];
x = [1 zeros(1,40)];
k = 0:40;
y = filter(num,den,x)
figure(3),subplot(4,1,1);plot(k,y,'ro',k,y,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%% Escalon unitario %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [1 1 0];
den = [1 -1 1/2];
x1 = [1 ones(1,40)];
k = 0:40;
ya = filter(num,den,x1)
figure(3),subplot(4,1,2);plot(k,ya,'ro',k,ya,'-');
grid
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');
%%%%%%%%%%%% Rampa %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [1 1 0];
den = [1 -1 1/2];
m = 10/25;
m1 = -10/25
x2 = [(0:m:10) (10:m1:0)];
k = 0:41;
ya1 = filter(num,den,x2)
figure(3),subplot(4,1,3);plot(x2,ya1,'ro',x2,ya1,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Seal unitaria %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num = [1 1 0];
den = [1 -1 1/2];
m = 25/10;
m1 = -25/15;

m2 = 30/30
m3 = -30/35
x3 = [(0:m:25) (25:m1:15) (15:m2:30) (30:m3:25)];
k = 0:41;
ya2 = filter(num,den,x3)
figure(3),subplot(4,1,4);plot(x3,ya2,'ro',x3,ya2,'-');
grid on
title('Grafica de la respuesta ... ');

Seales de respuesta:
(1)
() =

1
+1

Ilustracin 7

(2)
1
6
() =
5
1
2 6 + 6

Ilustracin 8

(3)
() =

2
1
2 + 2

Ilustracin 9

Conclusin
Dependiendo del tipo de seal de entrada a diferente sistema z esta nos arrojara
una seal de salida para ello nos basamos en las ecuaciones de transformada z
inversa con frmulas para nuestras ecuaciones de entrada del sistema.