BHARAT TEA PLANTATION

GROUP B

Discovered in 1885
The size of Singapore

Developed in the 1930s, it is one of the oldest tourist spots in Malaysia.

During the colonial era, the highlands was a relief for home sick Brits. Currently, it is a popular spot for those who want to escape from the heat of the lowlands. Diverse population of more than 40,000

people

One of Malaysias most extensive hill stations, highest on Malaysian mainland

noted for its cool weather, orchards, farmlands, waterfalls, rivers, lakes, wildlife, mossy forest, golf course and many more

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
FOUND IN

CAMERON HIGHLANDS

is a diversified global business with roots in Malaysia. It produces some of the worlds favourite tea labels.

THE BHARAT GROUP

SITE PLAN

VIEWS

EXISTING BUILDINGS

CLIMATE

LANDSCAPE

ACTIVITIES

CIRCULATION

CASE STUDIES

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SITE PLAN

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CONTOUR

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SECTIONS

SITE PLAN

SECTION A-A

SITE PLAN

SECTION A-A

SITE PLAN

SECTION A-A

SITE PLAN

SECTION A-A

SITE PLAN

SECTION B-B

SITE PLAN

SECTION B-B

SITE PLAN

SECTION B-B

SITE PLAN

SECTION B-B

VIEWS

VIEWS

VIEWS
A B

A
B

VIEWS A B
C

C B

VIEWS A B

B A

VIEWS A

VIEWS

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B A

A B C C

VIEWS
A B

C C

VIEWS A B

7
C

C A

VIEWS
A B C

VIEWS A
B

B A

VIEWS A B

10

VIEWS
A

B B

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VIEWS
A B C

12

A B

VIEWS Views A B

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VIEWS Views

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VIEWS Views
A B C

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C B

VIEWS Views A B

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B A

VIEWS Views
A

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B A

VIEWS Views

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VIEWS
Attractive. Neutral.
Less Attractive.

Green

Blue

Red

EXISTING BUILDINGS

EXISTING BUILDINGS

Types of Buildings
Owners House Managers House Factory Factory Workers House Labourer's House Grocery Shop Pavilion
Small Pavilion

Tea House
Green House

Kuil
Surau

Green Shed
Storeroom

EXISTING BUILDINGS

Types of Materials
Residential:
- Reinforced Concrete Column
- Colored Wooden Hinged Doors - Glass Windows - Window Security Bars - Corrugated Non-Asbestos Cement Roofing - Chain Link Fence

Storerooms:
- Corrugated Steel Panel Walls & Roof (Wooden Structure as support)

EXISTING BUILDINGS
Tea House
- Concrete Walls - Porcelain Floor Tiles - Reinforced Concrete Columns - Pivoted Windows

EXISTING BUILDINGS Factory

- Metal Roof Panel - Concrete Walls (Upstairs) - Corrugated Steel Walls (Downstairs) - Casement Windows - Chain Link Fence - Glass Windows (Guard House) - Steel Gate

EXISTING BUILDINGS Kuil

- Steel Roof Panel - Folding Casement Windows - Brick Walls - Solid Wooden Hinged Doors - Metal Folding Doors - Reinforced Concrete and Steel Columns - Chain Link Fence

EXISTING BUILDINGS Pavilion

- Reinforced Concrete Column - Steel Panel Roofing - Concrete Slab Flooring

Small Pavilion
- Steel Plate Roofing - Metal Column

EXISTING BUILDINGS

Types of Roofing
roof sloping downward in two parts from a central ridge, so as Gable Roof: A to form a gable at each end.

Corrugated Non-Asbestos Cement Roof: Surau, Factory Workers House, Grocery Store

Corrugated Zinc Plate Roof: Kuil

EXISTING BUILDINGS Gable Dormer:

Labourer's House A dormer having a gable roof.

Barrel Roof:
Green House A roof having a semi cylindrical form.

EXISTING BUILDINGS
Hip Roof:
A roof having sloping ends and slides meeting at an inclined projecting angle.

Clay Roof Tiles on Metal Roof Panels: Tea House

Hipped Gable Roof: A roof having a hip and truncating a gable.

Normal Aluminum Roofing Sheet: Factory

EXISTING BUILDINGS Flat Roof (Corrugated Sheet Metal):

A roof having a single slope. One of the easiest roof to build. Factory Storerooms Green Shed

Pyramidal / Pavilion Roof:

Pavilion

Kuil

EXISTING BUILDINGS

Shallow Foundations
- Placed directly below the lowest part of the substructure - Transfer building loads directly to the supporting soil by vertical pressure.

Types of Shallow Foundations:

Strip Footing > Factory Workers House > Labourers House > Grocery Shop > Storeroom > Surau > Kuil Pad Footing > Factory > Tea House > Owners House > Managers House

EXISTING BUILDINGS Strip Footings:

Distribute the concentration of the load sideways reducing the bearing stress and settlement.

Labourers House

Factory Workers House

Kuil

EXISTING BUILDINGS Pad Footings: Individual footings supporting the point load of the
freestanding columns and piers.

Tea House

Factory

EXISTING BUILDINGS

Deep Foundations
Transfer the structural loads to a deeper soil strata and when the soils are subjected to scour.

Pile Foundations:
- Located at some depths below ground level - To transmit a foundation load to a solid ground - To resist vertical, lateral and uplift load

Buildings with Pile Foundations:

> Tea House

> Factory > Owners House

> Managers House

EXISTING BUILDINGS

------ Bharat Tea Plantation Fencing Zone

EXISTING BUILDINGS

Types of Residential

Factory Workers House 1 Capacity: 8 people Total Area: 133.575 m Activity Area: 16.70 m/person

Factory Workers House 2 Capacity: 6 people Total Area: 133.575m Activity Area: 16.70m/person

Factory Workers House 3 Capacity: 1 people Total Area: 33.66 m Activity Area: 33.66 m/person

EXISTING BUILDINGS
Labourers House Capacity: 40 people Total Area: 394.2 m Activity Area: 9.855 m/person

Factory Workers House 4 Capacity: 3 people Total Area: 30.25 m Activity Area: 10.08 m/person

EXISTING BUILDINGS

COMPARISON BETWEEN TEA LABOURER & FACTORY WORKER

JOB
POPULATION

TEA LABOURER
40

FACTORY WORKER 33 482.465 m

TOTAL AREA AVE. ACTIVITY AREA RATIO

394.2 m

6.205 m / worker 14.62 m / worker

1 2.36

CLIMATE

CLIMATE

SUN PATH

Sun casting is limited to visibility as sunlight is refracted by the heavy clouds and high humidity level creates mists that affects the sun light. The shadows are created by mountains and clouds due to the orientation of sunlight.

CLIMATE

WIND DIRECTION
WIND CIRCULATION

WARM AIR
COLD AIR

The dominant wind direction comes from the west. The river as well as the valley formation supports the redirection of the wind within the mountains.

CLIMATE

HUMIDITY & RAIN WATER

Humidity level surrounding the river is relatively higher compared to normal humidity in the whole of Cameron Highlands.

It rains the most during the monsoon season between the month of November and February. Peak seasons: Oct-Nov

LANDSCAPE

LANDSCAPE

TREE PROFILES

Tree Profiles

Soil Types & Conditions Fauna

Hydrology

LANDSCAPE

TREE PROFILES

Majority of land occupied for the tea plantation Average Height = up to a grown adults hip Colour (of the plantation from a distance): Light Green (fresh grown) Green-brownish (recently harvested) Brownish, lacks of leaves (recently trimmed)

LANDSCAPE

TREE PROFILES

Location of big trees (non-tea plantations) Located alongside the footpaths & buildings

LANDSCAPE

TREE PROFILES
The only tall plantations within the area Height averaging at 9.43

LANDSCAPE

TREE PROFILES
Uniformed tree heights

LANDSCAPE

TREE PROFILES

Thick grass & other growth crawls the ground

Indication of healthy soil

LANDSCAPE

SOIL TYPE & CONDITIONS

Type of soil: Sandy Loam
[Credits to the activity group]

Sandy Loam Combination of sand, silt and clay in equal proportion Used by farmers to grow vegetation

LANDSCAPE

SOIL TYPE & CONDITIONS

Type of soil: Sandy Loam [Credits to
the activity group]

Soil condition: Upper part of land slightly wet

LANDSCAPE

SOIL TYPE & CONDITIONS

Type of soil: Sandy Loam

[Credits to the activity group]

Soil condition: Lower part of land - wet

LANDSCAPE

FAUNA
Animals that were spotted at the site: Snakes Ants Snails Bees Mosquitos Indication of a healthy eco system

LANDSCAPE

Hydrology & Drainage

Drainage system: Combination of natural & manmade sewages

LANDSCAPE

Hydrology & Drainage

Set of river alongside the valley Waterfall is also located at the site

LANDSCAPE

Hydrology & Drainage

Sewage system River

LANDSCAPE

View
The panoramic view

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

OF THE THINGS PEOPLE DO

A STUDY

AND WHERE THEY DO IT

ACTIVITIES

TRAVELLERS

ACTIVITIES

TOURISTS

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

=5

ACTIVITIES

45

20

10

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

TRAVELLERS

TOURISTS

VEHICLES

WORKERS

ROUTE CATEGORIES
PRIMARY Main concrete route SECONDARY Branch out from main road TERTIARY Dirt paths/roads

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

B
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CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

C
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CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

D
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CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

E
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CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

F
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CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

G
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CIRCULATION TOURIST ROUTE

Morning (Before midday) - Highest traffic: 1030-1300 especially during weekends - Utilize dirt paths - Main route directs to man-made water fall and pavilion.

Afternoon - Intense heat during midday, tourists patronize the tea house - Fewer tourists spotted on tourist - routes

CIRCULATION

CATEGORIES OF VISITORS
TOURISTS
Primarily locals Most take scenic routes Time spent at one point much shorter
Most observed spending more time at the gazebo, pavilion and waterfall.

TRAVELLERS
Foreigners Embrace nature Loiter at a spot longer Adventurous (venture into tea hills)

CIRCULATION

Vehicle routes Primary purpose: Transportation of goods Ferry workers Outsource for production

Observations: Goods pick up at 1400. Transported to factory. Tea leaves transported to larger factory if exceed production capacity.

CIRCULATION

LARGER VEHICLES
Vehicles for outsourcing of production or exportation. Carry larger amounts of goods.

CIRCULATION

Route for workers

Observations:

Workers rarely spotted on main tourist route Traverse through dirt Most activity in the west corner of the site

CIRCULATION

HARVESTING
PATTERN
Tea mounds categorized according to colours of tea leaves No distinct harvesting pattern

OBSERVATIONS
Radial harvesting pattern One distinct route for ascending and descending tea hill

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATIONS
DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS

WET

DRY

Fewer tourist activity on main routes Dirt paths not utilized for safety reasons

Higher traffic on main routes Utilization of dirt paths for faster access Overall higher outdoor circulation

Concentration of patrons in sheltered areas.

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDY

BHARAT CAMERON VALLEY TEA HOUSE

CASE STUDY
VIEW

CASE STUDY
ELEVATION

FRONT

BACK

CASE STUDY
ELEVATION

LEFT

RIGHT

CASE STUDY
FLOOR PLAN

OFFICE SOUVENIR SHOP SHOP CAFE KITCHEN

CASE STUDY

TOILET

VOID
OFFICE

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY
CHANGES OF ROOF DESIGN IN RESPONSE TO SITE

After Now Year 2013

Before Year 2007

CASE STUDY
SPECIFIC ELEMENT IN RESPOND TO SITE

CASE STUDY

COMPARISON JAPANESE TEA HOUSE

CASE STUDY
Tea house (Ochaya)
Japan During Edo Period, refer to a place of entertainment with Geisha or a place where couples seeking privacy could go. The establishment did not mainly serve tea, instead dedicated to entertainment.

Tea Room (Chashitsu)

In Japanese tradition, architectural space designed used for tea ceremony gathering. also refer as sukiya style synonym for chashitsu.

CASE STUDY
JO AN CHASHITSU (TEA ROOM)

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY
JO-AN TEA ROOM

built by Urakusai Oda, and a famous tea master. locate at to Inuyama in Aichi Prefecture become a National Treasure in 1951, is said to be one of the three finest teahouses in the country. Simple in its design in accordance with Tea Ceremony rules Approached throughout the roji or 'dewy ground' garden

CASE STUDY
FLOOR PLAN

Tokonoma Mizuya dko - literally water room Mizuya- tea preparation area Sunken hearth- the fire pit Sadouguchi - door for host to enter the tea room Nijiriguchi- a 'wriggle-in' or 'crawl-through' entrance for guest

CASE STUDY
ELEVATION

CASE STUDY
INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF THE CHASHITSU

a three-quarter size tamaeza a 2.5 mat for kyakudatami

CASE STUDY
COMPARATION BY ANALYSIS DIAGRAM
Bharat Tea House Jo-an Tea Room

STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

CASE STUDY
HIERARCHY BY SPACE, SHAPE HIERARCHY BY SPACE, SHAPE NONE

HIERARCHY BY FUNCTION

HIERARCHY BY FUNCTION

UNIT TO WHOLE

UNIT TO WHOLE

CASE STUDY
AGGREGATION AGGREGATION

ROTATION

ROTATION

NONE

NATURAL LIGHT

NATURAL LIGHT

CASE STUDY
HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL

RHYTHM

RHYTHM

PROPORTION

PROPORTION

CASE STUDY
REPETITION REPETITION

VENTILATION

VENTILATION

PANORAMA

PANORAMA

CASE STUDY
COMPARISON OF ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
Bharat Tea House Influence : Malay ,Indian Building Shape: Planar

Jo- an Tea Room

Influence : Japanese Chashitsu Building Shape: Square Hut

Site: Tea Plantation

Commercialize

Site: Garden (Original located at Kenni ji Temple)

Private

CASE STUDY
Door type: Single Leaf Door
Window: Colored Glass Wall: Concrete Flooring: Homogeneous porcelain tiles Column: Metal and concrete

Door type: Sliding door

Window: Shoji Paper Wall: Wood, Plaster Flooring: Height raise Tatami ,wood Column: Wood

KEY LEARNING ATTRIBUTES

Gradient of sloping regions and locality of important structures Building types within the viscinity and basic structural information

Desirable regions/areas for development

Favourable or unfavourable climatic conditions

The impact of nature and how the surroundings can prove to be beneficial or post a threat to future developments.

Behaviour of visitors and residents.

Paths frequented by visitors, workers and vehicles and how they vary.

Design development and design fundamentals of tea house.