Unit 1 PART A 1. What are the challenges of multimedia? 2. What are the desirable features of multimedia? 3.

Mention the several types of video signals 4. What are the advantages of digital video? 5. Define dithering and modeling 6. Digital video use chroma subsampling. What is the purpose of this? Chroma subsampling Chroma subsampling is another type of lossy compression that takes into account that the human eye perceives changes in brightness more sharply than changes of color, and takes advantage of it by dropping or averaging some chroma (color) information while maintaining luma (brightness) information. Its commonly used in video encoding schemes and in JPEG images. At some places the above two techniques are combined to compress the image in a better way 7. What do you mean by lossy and lossless compression?
If the reconstructed data in the received end is same as that of the original data, then it is a lossless compression. If the reconstructed data in the received end is differs from that of the original data, then it is a lossy compression. 8. Give some models that are used in lossless and lossy compression? The various models that are used in a lossless compression scheme are probabilistic models, physical models, and markov models, composite source models etc. The various models that are used in a lossy compression scheme are probabilistic models, physical models, and linear system models

5. define dithering and modeling? For color:

Dithering : Mixing of colors, merging of pixels of different colors to create an area of intermediate color. For printing: Dithering is used to calculate patterns of dots such that values from 0 to 255 correspond to patterns that are more and more filled at darker pixel values, for printing on a 1-bit printer.

Modeling : Modeling is nothing but extracting the information about any redundancy that exist in the data and describing the redundancy in the form of a model. 9. Write any three techniques for lossless and lossy compression?
Lossless compression technique i) Huffman coding. ii) Shannon fano coding. iii) Arithmetic coding. Lossy compression: i) Subband coding ii) Wavelet based compression iii) JPEG 10. Define vector quantization and give its merit over scalar quantization. If the set of inputs & outputs of a quantizer are vectors then it is called vector quantization. For a given rate the use of vector quantization results in a lower distortion than scalar quantization.

PART B

1. Explain the graphics and image data representation (16)

2. Explain the fundamental concept in video (16) 3. Briefly explain the basics of digital audio (16) 4. Explain the overview of source models for lossy and lossless compression 5. Explain the following terms (a) Storage requirements for multimedia application (4) (b) Overview of source coding for lossless compression(4) (c) Taxonomy compression 6. Scalar and vector quantization in lossy compression algorithm (16)