Code No: V32141R07

Set No: 1

III B.Tech II Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, ApriIJMay - 2012 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONiNG (Mechanical Engineering) Max Marks: 80 Time: 3 Hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. (a) What is the difference between direct and indirect refrigeration system? Explain the advantages of one over the other (b) A dense air refrigeration machine operates on reversed Brayton cycle and is required for 10 tones of refrigeration capacity. The cooler pressure is 4.2 bar and refrigerator pressure is 1.4 bar. The air is cooled in the cooler to a temperature of 500 C and the temperature of air at inlet to the compressor is -200 C. For an ideal cycle, detennine the following (i) COP of the system (ii) Mass of air circulated per minute (iii) Theoretical piston displacement of the compressor (iv) Net power per ton of refrigeration.
Show the cycle on p- V and T - S diagrams. Take Cp

= 1.07

kJlkg-K

(for dense air)

2. (a) Explain the concept vapour compression? What are the applications of vapour compression cycle? (b) The temperature limits of an ammonia refrigerating system re -250 C and 45 0 C. The gas is dry at the end of compression. Calculate COP of cycle assuming no under cooling. Properties of ammonia are given below: Temperature, 45 -25 "C heat,

I Liquid

entropy, kJlkg K 1.334 0.412

3. (a) What are the different types of compressors? Mention the fields for the use of each in refrigeration systems giving reasons? (b) What are the essential properties of a good refrigerant? And how the refrigerants are classified? 4. (a) Draw a neat diagram of lithium bromide water absorption system and explain its working. List the major field application of this system (b) Explain with help of neat sketches, vapour absorption cycle for refrigeration. How is it different from vapour compression refrigeration system? 5. (a) Under what situation is steam jet refrigeration system recommended? What are its limitations? Can it be used for obtaining sub - zero temperatures? (b) Explain the working principle of vortex tube? What are the advantages of vortex tube over other refrigeration systems?

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Code No: V32141R07

Set No: 1

6. (a)Moistair existsat total pressureof 1.01325bar and 250 C dry bulbtemperature.If

the degree of saturation is 50% determine the following using steam
(i) Specific humidity (ii) Dew

- tables:

point temperature

(iii) Specific

volume of moist air.

(b) Define (i) Wet bulb temperature (ii) Relative hurrudity (iii) Specific humidity 7. (a) Give a detailed account of thermal comfort and what factors affect the thermal comfort (b) Air flowing at the rate of 100 m3/rrun at 40 C DBT and 50% RH is rruxed with another stream flowing at the rate 20 m3/min at 26 C DBT and 50%RH. The rruxture flows over a cooling coil whose ADP temperature is 10 C and by-pass factor is 0.2. Find DBT and RH of air leaving the coil. If this air supplied to an air-conditioned where DBT of 26 C and RH of 50% are maintained, estimate (i) Room sensible heat factor and (ii) Cooling load capacity of the coil in tones of refrigeration. 8. (a) What are the different methods of hurrudifying the air? Explain the working of any one of the atorruzing the water type hurrudifier (b) What are the factors to be considered while selecting an air-conditioning system? *****

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Code No: V32141R07

1

Set No: 2

III B.Tech II Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, AprillMay - 2012 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. (a) Why anificial cooling is required in aeroplanes? And what are the different systems used for cooling the aeroplanes? (b) A dense air refrigeration cycle operates between pressures of 4 bar and 16 bar. The air temperature after heat rejection to surroundings is 37" C, and air temperature at exit to refrigerator is 7" C, the isentropic efficiencies of turbine and compressor are 0.85 and 0.8 respectively. Determine compressor and turbine work per TR, COP and HPrrR. y = 1.4 and Cp = 1.005 kJ/Kg K 2. (a) Write short notes on (i) Flash chamber (ii) Receiver (b) A Carnot heat engine draws heat from a reservoir at temperature TA and rejects heat to another reservoir at temperature TB. The Carnot fOlWardcycle engine drives a Carnot reversed cycle engine or Carnot refrigerator which absorbs heat from reservoir at temperature TC and rejects heat to reservoir at temperature TB. Deri ve an expression for the ratio of heat absorbed from reservoir at temperature TC to heat drawn from reservoir at temperature TA.
If the high temperature TA

= SOOoK and

the low temperature

TC

= 250

K, determine

the temperature TB such that heat supplied to engine QA is equal to beat absorbed by refrigerator QB. Determine the 11"",,,,, engine and COP,amot refrigerator. 3. (a) Explain the working with neat diagram of following types of condensers (i) Shell and tube condenser (ii) Shell and coil condenser (b) A reciprocating compressor operates on 1m3I min of gas at 2 bar and delivers it at 12 bar. The clearance is 6%. The adiabatic compression index is 1.31. Determine the change in work of compressor if the re-expansion index is I.linstead of 1.31 4. (a) Under what situation, the vapour absorption system of refrigeration is preferred to vapour compression system of refrigeration (b) Explain Electrolux refrigeration system. How the system is operated to obtain different pressures in the cycle without pump. 5. (a) Define the figure of merit related to thermo - electric refrigeration system and explain its effect on COP of the system (b) Derive the formula for finding out the quantity of steam required per ton of refrigeration in case of steam refrigeration system 6. (a) Calculate, (i) Relative humidity (ii) Humidity ratio (iii) dew point temperature (iv) Density and, (v) Enthalpy of atmospheric air when the DBT is 35C, WBT is 23C and the barometer reads 750 mm Hg. (b) Define the term 'by - pass' factor used for cooling or heating coil and find the expression for that lof2

Code No: V32141R07

I

Set No: 2

7. (a) What is comfort air-conditioning? What do you mean by effective temperature? (b) At a certain locality the OBT of air is 30 C and the relative humidity is 40%. Determine the specific humidity and the dew point and wet bulb temperatures of air. If this air is cooled in an air washer using re-circulated spray water and having a humidifying efficiency of 0.9, what are the OBT and OPT of air leaving the air washer? 8. (a)Oifferentiate between central, district and Unitary air-conditioning systems. (b)Explain why 'heat pump' is most efficient when used for heating purposes? And draw the arrangement of heat pump when it is used for year - round air conditioning *****

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Code No: V32141R07

I

Set No: 3

III BTech II Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, AprillMay - 2012 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal matks ***** I. (a) Discuss the methods of producin~ refrigeration (b) 10000 kg of fish is frozen to -30 C per day. Fish enters freezing chamber at 30 C, freezing occurs at -3 C, and frozen fish is cooled to -30 C. Specific heats of fresh and frozen fish are respectively, 3.77 kJ/kgK and 1.67 kJ/kgK. The latent heat of freezing is 251.2 kJ/kg. Find the tonnage of plant if the plant runs for 18 hours per day. The evaporator and condenser temperatures are -40 C and 45 C, respectively. If the COP of the plant is 1.8, determine the power consumption of the plant in kW. Also find the refrigerating efficiency of the plant. 2. (a) Explain with the help of a diagram. Why is superheating considered to be good in certain cases? (b) A vapour compression system operates between -Is" C and 3d' C. Mass flow rate of refrigerant = 0.2 kg/so The refrigerant is sub cooled by 2 and superheated by 5 before entering the compressor. Calculate the following: (i) COP (ii) Tonnage (iii) Heat rejected (iv) Power input (v) Compare COP and ideal COP. The data for
u---

f, --_no
c
-15 30

Temperature.

Enthalpy, kJ/Kg Liq uid 32.1 88.5 Vapour 226.2 248.3

Entropy, kJ/Kg K Liquid 0.13 0.32 Vapour 0.86 0.81

Specific Heat kJ/Kg K Liquid Vapour 1.12 0.65 0.72

3. (a) Write short note on: (i) Ozone depletion (ii) Global warming (b)A two cylinder reciprocating compressor with 5% clearance is used in a refrigeration cycle to take load of 7.5 tons at 5 C evaporating temperature and 40 C condensing temperature. The compression index is 1.15. The speed of the piston is limited to 3 mls. Take !be ratio of stroke to bore as 0.8. If the refrigerant used is Freon - 12, determine (i) Power consumption of the compressor and C.O.P. of the cycle (ii) Volumetric efficiency of the compressor (iii)Bore and stroke and rpm of the compressor Consider ideal cycle. 4. (a) Draw a neat diagram of lithium bromide water absorption system and explain its working. List the major field application of this system. (b) In absorption refrigeration system, heating, cooling and refrigeration take place at the temperatures of 150C, 30 C and -20 C. Find (i) The theoretical COP of the system (ii) If the heating temperature is increased to 200 C and refrigeration temperature is decreased to - 40 C, find the percentage change in theoretical COP lof2

Code No: V32141R07

Set No: 3

5.

Explain various components of steam jet refrigeration system and clearly discuss the function of each component. Compare the system with vapour compression system.

6. (a) Explain about the adiabatic dehumidifier (b) A mixture of dry air and water vapour is at a temperature of 21 C under a total pressure 736 mm HG. The dew point temperature is 15 C. Find: (i) Partial pressure of water vapour (ii) Relative humidity (iii) Specific humidity (iv) Enthalpy of air per kg of dry air (v) Specific volume of air per kg of dry air 7. (a) Why ventilation is required? Explain why different ventilation standards for different purposes are recommended? (b) An air conditioning system is to take in outdoor air at 10 C and 30% relative humidity at a steady rate of 45 m3/min.. and to condition it to 25 C and 60% RH. The outdoor air is first heated td 22 C in the heating section and then humidified by the injection of hot steam in humidifying section. Assuming the entire process to takes place at a pressure of 100kPa. Determine: (i) The rate of heat supply in the heating section (ii) The mass flow rate of steam required in the humidifying section Do not use the Psychometric chart. 8. (a) Explain different types of fans used in air-conditioning application (b) Discuss about the wolking of ceiling diffusers and their types with a neat sketches *****

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Code No: V3214IR07

I

Set No: 4

ill B.Tech II Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations, AprillMay - 2012 REFRIGERATION AND Am CONDmONING (Mechanical Engineering) Max Marks: 80 Time: 3 Hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** I. (a) What is refrigeration? Write down the applications of refrigeration? And explain the dry ice refrigeration (b) A businessman after feasibility study found the ice consumption in a locality to be 300 kglh. He wants to manufacture ice at -10 C from water available at 30 C. What should be the rating of refrigerating machine if it has 10% overcapacity? Take enthalpy of solidification and specific heat of ice as 335 kJ / kg and 2.09 kJ / kg K respectively. 2. (a) Discuss the main difference between reversed Carnot cycle operating on perfect gas and wet vapour . (b) A four cylinder single acting Freon - 12 compressor 250 x 300 mm operates at 960 rpm. Condenser and evaporator pressure are 8.5 bar and 1.5 bar respectively. The vapour from the evaporator to the suction of the compressor is superheated by 10 C and the liquid in the condenser gets sub-cooled by 10 C. Clearance factor of the
compressor is 0.03. Determine, for compression indices ofy

= 1.16, n = 126
the

(i) Refrigerating capacity in ton of refrigeration (ii) Theoretical power required in kW and also power per ton, i.e. kW / ton
Solve the problem with tables and show the state points on T - s plane. Assume refrigerant in super heat as perfect gas or pv RT also holds good.

3. (a) What is the difference between dry expansion type and flooded type evaporators? Give neat sketch of both to explain (b) Explain the function of capillary tube in a vapour compression refrigeration system. Under what situations is this used? How is the capillary tube put in the circuit? 4. (a) Draw a neat line diagram of Electrro - Lux refrigerator and explain its working principle. What is the important role of hydrogen in this refrigeration system? (b) What is the function of the following components in an absorption system: (i) Absorber (ii) Rectifier 5. (a)"The steam jet refrigeration system is usually not economical above 35 C condensing temperatures", discuss the statement.
(b) Explain Steam Jet Refrigeration system on Enthalpy

Temperature - Entropy diagram 6. (a) Explain various psychometric processes? With a sketch Explain Adiabatic saturation process (b)Air enters a duct at 10C, 80% RH at the rate of 150 m3/ min and is heated to 30 C without adding or removing any moisture. The pressure remains constant at I atm. Determine the relative humidity of air at exit from the duct and the rate of heat transfer (kJ/min) -

Entropy diagram

and also on

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Code No: V3214IR07

I

Set No: 4

7. (a) What is comfort air-<:onditioning? What do you mean by effective temperature? (b) The air-handling unit of an air-conditioning plant sURpliesa total of 4500 cmm of dry air which comprises by weight 20% fresh air at 40 C DBT and 27 DCWBT, and 80% re-circulated air at 25 DCDBT and 50% RH. The air leaves the cooling coil at 13 DCsaturated state. Calculate the total cooling load, and room heat gain 8. (a) What are the factors to be considered while selecting an air-conditioning system? (b) Discuss the common considerations for humidification of air in air conditioning. *****

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