IGFA005305 Mycotoxin Booklet

IGFA005305 Mycotoxin Booklet:Layout 1
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Current EU Mycotoxin Levels

Autumn 2011
http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/animalnutrition/contaminants/index_en.htm
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Aflatoxin in Food Legislation

Commodity Groundnuts, nuts and dried fruit and processed product thereof, intended for direct human consumption or as an ingredient in food stuffs. Groundnuts to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs Nuts and dried fruit to be subject to sorting, or other physical treatment before human consumption or use as and ingredient in foodstuffs Cereals (including buckwheat, Fagopyrum spp.) and processed products thereof intended for direct human consumption or as an ingredient in foodstuffs Cereals (including buckwheat, Fagopyrum spp.), with the exception of maize to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs Maize to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs Following species of spices: Capiscum spp. (dried fruits, thereof, whole or ground, including chillies, chilli powder, cayenne and paprika) Piper spp. (fruits thereof, including white and black pepper) Myristica fragans (nutmeg) Zingiber officinale (ginger) Curcuma longa (turmeric) Milk (raw milk, milk for the manufacture of milk based products and heat-treated milk as defined by Council Directive 92/46/EC at last amended by Regulation (EC) No 806/2003 Baby foods and processed cereal based food for infants and young children Infant formulae and follow-on formulae, including infant milk and follow-on milk Dietary foods for special medial purposes intended specifically for infants B1 2ppb 8ppb 5ppb 2ppb Maximum Level Total M1 4ppb 15ppb 10ppb 4ppb
2ppb 5ppb
4ppb 10ppb
5ppb
10ppb 0.05ppb
0.1ppb 0.1ppb 0.025ppb 0.025ppb
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Ochratoxin in Food Legislation

Commodity Raw cereal grains (including raw rice and buckwheat) All products derived from cereals (including processed cereal products and cereal grains intended for direct human consumption) Dried vine fruit (currants, raisin and sultanas) Liquer Wines Roaster coffee beans and ground roasted coffee with the exception of soluble coffee Soluble coffee (instant coffee) Wine (red, white and rose) and other wine and/or grape must based beverages Grape juice, grape juice ingredients in other beverages, including grape nectar and concentrated grate juice as reconstituted Graped juice and concentrated grape must be reconstituted, intended for direct human consumption Baby foods and processed cereal-based foods for infants and young children Dietary foods for special medical purposes intended specifically for infants Maximum Level 5ppb 3ppb 10ppb 2-4ppb 5ppb 10ppb 2ppb 2ppb 2ppb 0.5ppb 0.5ppb
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Deoxynivalenol in Food Legislation

Commodity Unprocessed cereals (ex.durum wheat & maize) Unprocessed durum wheat and oats Unprocessed maize (ex.unprocessed maixe for wet milling) Cereals (Cereal flour, bran and germ) Bread, pastries, cereal snacks, breakfast cereal Dry Pasta Processed cereal based baby & infant food Milling fractions of maize with particle size>500miron Milling fractions of maize with particle size<500 miron Maximum Level 1250ppb 1750ppb 1750ppb 750ppb 500ppb 750ppb 200ppb 750ppb 1250ppb
Fumonisin in Food Legislation sum of B1 and B2

Commodity Unprocessed maize ( ex unprocessed maize for wet milling) Maize, maize-based foods Maize-based breakfast cereals and maize based snacks Processed maize-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children Milling fractions of maize with particle size> 500micron Milling fractions of maize with particle size <500 micron Maximum Level 4000ppb 1000ppb 800pb 200ppb 1400ppb 2000ppb
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Zearalenone in Food Legislation

Commodity Unprocessed cereals other than maize Unprocessed maize (ex. Unprocessed maize for wet milling) Cereals (cereal flour, bran and germ) Refined maize oil Bread, pastries, biscuits, cereal snacks and breakfast cereals (ex. maize-snacks and maize-based breakfast cereals) Maize, maize-based snacks and maize based breakfast cereals Processed cereal-based foods (ex. processed maize-based foods) and baby foods for infants and young children Processed maize-based foods for infants and young children Milling fractions of maize with particle size>500micron Milling fractions of maize with particle size <500 micron Maximum Level 100ppb 350ppb 75ppb 400ppb 50ppb 100ppb 20ppb 20ppb 200ppb 300ppb
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Aflatoxin in Feed Legislation - Legal Limit

Commodity All Feed Materials Complete feed for cattle sheep goats Except complete Feed for dairy animals Except complete Feed for Calves and lambs Complete feeds for pigs and poultry except young animals Other Complete Feed Feeds Complementary Feed for cattle ,sheep ,goats poultry and pigs. (except young animals) Other complementary feed Maximum Level (B1) 20ppb 20ppb 5ppb 10ppb 20ppb 10ppb 10ppb 20ppb 5ppb
Ochratoxin in Feed Legislation - Guidance Limits Only

Commodity Cereals and cereal products Complementary and complete feeding stuffs: Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for pigs Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for poultry Maximum Level 0.25ppm 0.05ppm 0.1ppm
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Deoxynivalenol in Feed Legislation Guidance Limits Only

Commodity Cereals and cereal products with the exception of maize by products Maize by-products Complementary and complete feeding stuffs with the exception of: Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for pigs Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for calves (<4 months, lambs and kids) Maximum Level 8ppm 12ppm 5ppm 0.9ppm 2ppm
Fumonisin in Feed Legislation B1 B2 Guidance Limits Only

Commodity Maize and Maize products Complementary and complete feeding stuffs: pigs, horses (equidae), rabbits and pet animals Fish Poultry, calves (,4months,) lambs and kids Adult ruminant (>4months) and mink Maximum Level 60ppm 5ppm 10ppm 20ppm 50ppm
Zearalenone in Feed Legislation Guidance Limit Only

Commodity Cereals and cereal products with the exception of maize by products Maize-by products Complementary and complete feeding stuffs Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for piglets and gilts (young sows) Complementary and complete feeding for sows and fattening pigs Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for calves, dairy cattle and sheep (including lamb) and goats (including kids) Maximum Level 2ppm 3ppm 0.1ppm 0.25ppm 0.5ppm
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One part per million (1ppm ) is equivalent to one minute in two years. One part per billion (1ppb) is equivalent to one second in 32 years. Expected Regulatory Change: Guidance on DON & ZEA in feed could be reviewed this year. H2 T2 EFSA opinion expected and levels to be discussed
Fungus Aspergillus
Mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1 B2 G1 G2 OchratoxinA
Found Field and storage Storage.( temperate areas) Maize Crops
Sensitive species All domestic animals Pigs and Poultry Pigs and Horses Pigs and Dairy
Fusariums
Fumonisin B1 B2 B3 Zearalenone
Fusarium (Trichothecene)
DON Nivalenone H2 T2 ( Europe) Ergot alkaloids
Field Field Field and store Field
Pigs and dairy Pigs and Poultry Ruminant
Claviceps
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Guidance on Analytical Priority for mycotoxin in various Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds (will vary depending on feed material used source FDA) Commodity Barley, Oats Wheat and Rye and their by products Corn & corn by products Cotton seed, Peanuts, Sorghum and their by products Rice and by products Soybean and Soy bean products Horse Feed Pig Feed Cattle and Poultry Zearalenone Aflatoxin Fumonisin/ Aflatoxin Zearalenone Ochratoxin A DON Ochratoxin A Priority 1 DON (vomitoxin) Priority 2 Zearalenone Priority 3 Ochratoxin A Priority 4 Ergot Alkaloids
Aflatoxin / Fumonisin Aflatoxin
Zearalenone Zearalenone
DON Ochratoxin A
Ochratoxin A
Fumonisin DON Zearalenone Aflatoxin
Aflatoxin Ochratoxin A Zearalenone
Zearalenone Aflatoxin Fumonisin Ochratoxin A
DON Ochratoxin
DON / Fumonosin
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Pasture grasses, hay, straw stubble and cereals all support the growth of various fungi. They are found in all grains and forages in varying amounts depending on the climatic conditions of the season. The formation of mycotoxin in nature is considered to be a global problem. Mycotoxins are produced by these fungi and may have various effects on animals when ingested. Mycotoxin at low levels can cause reduced performance. These toxins can accumulate in animal tissue and can be transferred to human diet. Toxicity is dependent on dose, the animal and the presence of other toxins. The complete elimination of mycotoxin contaminated commodities is not achievable at this time. In general codes of practiced provide effective control but must be adapted to crop region and agronomic factors. GMP: In Field Understand what factor contribute to the growth of mycotoxin in your crops Maintain adequate crop rotations. Bury field trash and stubble where possible. Choose resistant varieties. Use fungicide and pesticide controls to reduce grain damage. Minimise damage to grain during harvest and storage. GMP: In Grain and Feed Businesses: Dry and condition grain as soon as possible after harvest. Monitor grain for infestations of insects and build up of toxins. Aerate grain regularly and monitor temperature and R.H Feed Bins, sheds and handling equipment should be cleaned regularly. Empty bins fully and clean down augurs and pits. Keep forage and feed stores clean, ventilated and dry. Operate a strict store rotation policy for all feeds. Deal with professional trusted suppliers.
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Sampling: Sampling large lots of feed materials can increase the uncertainty factor. Large discrepancies exist between laboratories. Sample preparation and sub sampling can introduce further errors. Not all toxins have verifiable test methods available. Further useful guidance on sampling available at the HGCA website : http://www.hgca.com/content.template/0/0/Home/Home/Home.mspx For EFSA scientific opinions on the different mycotoxin please visit use the following website : http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/fusarium_en.htm Binders: Many feed manufacturers use binders to lock up mycotoxin in rations. These work by preventing the absorption of the toxin by the animal. They do not reduce the analytical levels of the mycotoxin in the feed. The JRC report on binders is a useful reference document and may be accessed at the following link: http://irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/html/activities/mycotoxins/EUR_23997_EN.pdf
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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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Correct at time of going to press. To access the most up to date legislation on undesirable substances please use the web link below to accces the DG SANCO website on animal nutrition. http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/animalnutrition/contaminants/index_en.htm

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IGFA005305 Mycotoxin Booklet:Layout 1

Current EU Mycotoxin Levels