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UNIT 1: Main Issues of the 2nd Reich Key Questions What were the relative powers of the Kaiser, Chancellor and Reichstag? How did the 2nd Reich operate between 1900-14? How did the economic and social changes impact on the political system? Timeline 2nd German Naval Law introd Count Bernhard von Blow becomes chancellor Tariff law are introd Sick insurance laws give greater help to sick workers Parliamentary crisis leads to election Reichstag elections see socialist SPD lose votes Law passes restricting the hour of factory work Blow resigns and Bethmann Hollweg become chancellor Reform of Alsace Lorraine constitution.

190 0 190 2 190 6 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 1

June October Decemb er Decemb er January Decemb er July May

THE CONSTITUTION
Wilhelm I proclaimed Emperor +ruler of new German state Versailles Germany had recently won Alsace- Lorraine from France and many were bitter about it. The north German confederation was defined by a CONSTITUTION in which the component states kept their govt. However the MILITARY was controlled by the KAISER (also King of Prussia). Under this constitution there was a central law making govt but with LIMITED powers as the unification was on Prussian terms.

MAIN FEATURES:
IT The new Germany had 25 states and all the states retained their own govt however they had different constitutions. Some states also offered universal suffrage whereas some cont. with C17th style absolutist rule. The constitution itself gave the state a wide range of powers inclu DOMESTIC affairs.

MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT THAT OTTO VON BISMARCK THE CHANCELLOR AND THE PRESIDENT OF THIS NEW GERMANY WAS A PRUSSIAN AND THE WHOLE POINT OF THE CONSTITUTION WAS TO PROTECT THE JUNKERS AND THE INTERESTS OF THE PRUSSIANS

THE

KAISER

He held considerable power and made the personality of the Kaiser signi. However due to the fact that the Kaiser would always be the Prussian =reinforcing the DOMINANCE of (P) in the new state. Full control of foreign and diplomatic policy =had the power to make or break alliances , sign treaties or wage wars Had the power to appoint and dismiss chancellor and dissolve the Reichstag In times of war he was also commander- in-chief of the army

CHANCELLOR Directly responsible to the Kaiser and chief of minister of the Reich Had to appoint and dismiss state secretaries [] also president of Prussia Could ignore any resolution set down by the Reichstag Even though he could ignore the Reichstag, he still had to get his policies passed by the Reichstag THE
BUNDESRAT