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Biofuels from Syngas generated from Biomass

Presented at REaction 2012., on 27 07 2012 . at Chennai, India


By T S VENKATARAMAN Managing Director Esvin Advanced Technologies Ltd Chennai 600 096

ESVIN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LTD.,

GROUP COMPANIES
SESHASAYEE PAPER & BOARDS LTD (SPB) PONNI SUGARS (ERODE) LTD (PEL) HIGH ENERGY BATTERIES INDIA LTD (HEB) SPB PROJECTS AND CONSULTANCY LTD (SPB(SPB-PC)

ESVIN TECHS PIONEERING EFFORTS


Pioneered the Gasification of Black Liquor and Distillery Spent Wash in the early 90s, by acquiring an American technology. Promoted a Joint Venture in 1997 with an Australian company for manufacture of Enzyme in India for biobio-bleaching of pulp. Patented a Process for manufacture of Liquid Sugar adopting ElectroElectro-dialysis and Ion Exchange Resins. Currently the Company is focused on Biomass to Bio Bio-fuels and BioBio-chemicals.

BIOMASS AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

Unlike other renewable sources ( Wind, Solar etc.) Biomass is an energy source that is neither regional nor seasonal. It is solar energy captured and stored ! The capital Investment is also lower, compared to the others, especially on a larger scale. In fact its scalability is limited only by economic radius of procuring Biomass . In view of the above, the Biomass procured should be from a low cost source or high yield energy crops 100t/ hectare/ year Potential Biomass that are readily available in India are: Bagasse, Rice straw/Husk, Cotton stalks, etc. A 10 MW power plant thru IGCC will require only 60% of Biomass than conventional one due to higher cycle efficiency.

Biomass pretreatment
Since Biomass is expensive moisture removal at source becomes all the more imperative, to cut transport costs This is needed for bagasse as its moisture does not drop below 35% even on prolonged storage. Biomass like Napier grass is too bulky and hence moisture removal by innovative Exergy drying is to be considered. Other Energy crops such as Beema bamboo and Powlownia will also require pre -drying. For gasification moisture removal from Biomass is more critical and Esvin tech has tied up with Swedish Exergy to promote this innovative steam drying technology. In our Bubbling bed Gasifier, pelletizing or briquetting is not a pre-requisite.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOMASS


Description Prox. Analysis wt % Dry Basis Moisture Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon Ash Sulphur HHV, Dry k. Cal. / kg
Cost Rs./ BD t

Biomass 1 Bagasse

Biomass 2 Rice Husk

Biomass 3 Bamboo

Biomass 4 DSW

50.00 74.60 23.50 01.30 0 4500 3000

09.44 48.84 36.67 15.01 00.18 3275 3500

35.00 49.20 44.31 06.50 0 4235 1000

45.00 50.00 15.00 30.00 02.50 3300 Free of cost

GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND OPTIONS


Leading Gasifier like Lurgi, Texaco, Shell etc.,etc.,-all come under the category of Direct Gasification or Auto thermal i.e. partial combustion of the feed stock being used for providing endothermic heat needed for gasification. Therefore these are either air or oxygen blown. But for manufacture of Biofuels and Bio Chemicals , direct gasification is not suitable, as the H2 :CO ratio is less than 1. The Indirect Gasification coupled with Steam Reforming is a preferred option for production of Syngas containing H2 and CO in the ratio of 2:1 that is ideally suited for Ethanol and Fischer Tropsch (FT ) liquids manufacture.

Benefits of Steam Reforming


-Takes advantage of the unique chemistry of biomass. -Unique reformer environment results in hi-quality syngas. - Fast devolatilization products react with steam to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. - High steam/hydrogen partial pressures promote hydrogenation of contaminants with improved water solubility. - Syngas with less aggressive contaminants amenable to cost effective cleanup; high H2 content is good for synthesis. - Low reforming temperatures avoids agglomeration, increasing reliability

Typical syngas composition


Mol%, dry Direct gasification CHEMREC -BL Air Oxygen H2 CO CO2 CH4 C2H2/H4 N2 Blown 12.0 10.0 16.0 03.0 02.0 55.0 Blown 32.0 30.0 33.0 01.5 01.0 02.5 Indirect gasification (Steam reformed) BCL Esvin 23.85 42.89 12.79 15.36 04.35 0 48.5 21.8 25.2 03.2 01.2 0

Thermo chemical Steam Reformer (TCSR)


H2 rich Syngas

>Deep fluidized bed >Proprietary indirectly heated steam reforming process at medium temperature and low pressure >3 inputs and 3 outputs >Biomass undergoes drying, devolatilization, and steam reforming

Fuel Clean Flue Gas

Biomass Bed Solids Fluidizing Steam

BL Steam Reformer - First Commercial Plant Norampac Inc, Trenton, Ontario, Canada

TRIS PILOT PLANT IN NORTH CAROLINA

MILESTONES ACHIEVED BY TRI Inc, USA


More than 20000 hrs of continuous run on BL Solids of 120 tpd at Norampac, Trenton, Ontario Canada. TRI has developed a proprietary process for producing FT liquids at their PDU in Durham, NC, USA. More than 1000 hrs of run has been accomplished in FT- reactor using syngas derived from woody Biomass. Two paper Mills in Wisconsin have secured DoE funding to build two bio refineries using woody Biomass of 1000 tpd and 500 tpd and TRI technology to produce electricity, steam and Biofuels.

Biomass to Liquid ( BTL)- FT Liquids


Tail gas Syngas to Gas clean up

Beema Bamboo

Chipping and Milling

FT Liquids

Exergy dryer

Biofuels- an emerging leader among Renewable Energies.


FT diesel from Syngas derived from Coal and Natural gas has been well established at Sasol, SA for several decades. Syngas from Biomass has been fully developed by our principal TRI , and they are willing to give performance guarantees for a commercial plant to produce FT Diesel from syngas. Pilot runs are being planned to process Beema Bamboo and other biomass feed stocks for a specific project in India. Ethanol and Butanol from Syngas will be a commercial reality once the plants based on fermentation of Syngas are commissioned in China. While Ethanol will be used for E10 blending with petrol, Diesel may replace, to start with DG sets being run in various places and later on used as a Drop in Fuel in automobiles.

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